SU12448A1 - Method and device for making combined cinematographic images - Google Patents

Description

In the production of combined cinematographic images, that part of the frame in which the actors play is built in the form of an ordinary decoration in full size, and the remainder is replaced by a smaller scale model: a slide, a painted picture or a moving film. In this case, the selection of silhouette contours on the film is known, as well as the simultaneous copying of two films and the use of a translucent mirror to match the main scenes with the additional ones. The combination of both parts of the frame requires a rather large amount of time, and the construction of a life-size decoration for some time takes up a considerable part of the workshops and the pavilion.

The present invention has in mind to eliminate these disadvantages, eliminating the need to build decorations in full size.

Pa schematic drawing of FIG. 1 depicts the scheme of the proposed device; FIG. 2-view movie with pictures; FIG. 3 is a view of a film shot with a free silhouette for capturing an image.

actor; FIG. 4-the same picture with a sleeping actor; FIG. 5 is a vertical section of a modified camera; FIG. 6 is a front view of a part of the turning screen; FIG. 7-vertical section of the camera with two lenses; FIG. 8 is another embodiment of the camera; Fig. & circuit diagram for switching lamps on when lighting the stage and actors; FIG. 10-modification of the proposed device, top view; FIG. 11 is another modification of the proposed device.

The camera 10 (Fig. 1) is provided with a lens 11, a rotating shutter (shutter) 12 and a window 13, behind which two films 14 and 15 are pulled. On the movie 14 (Fig. 2) pictures (frames) 16 are arranged not directly one after the other and in alternating order with transparent gaps 17. Film 15 is an ordinary non-exposed negative film. Both films move directly to the layer through the channel 18 at the window 13. The film 14 is moved by the roller 14a twice per unit of time, while the film 15 is moved by the roller 15a by one step, so

THAT against each of its frames are established, sequentially, first, picture 16, and then translucent gap 17,

In front of camera 10 there is an og1; a non-colored non-acting screen 19, which is adjoined in a horizontal plane, corresponding to; the lower border of frame 16, the same screen 20. Screens 19 and 20 can be illuminated with lamps of different shades of actinic. On the background of the screen 20 are placed the actors 22, illuminated by the active light of a certain hue with the help of lamps 23.,

In order to accurately record the location of the actors 22, a copy 24 (picture or similar reproduction) of the picture 16 is installed on the side, next to the camera, and a translucent mirror 25 is inserted in front of the lens 11. to establish the place of the actors in relation to the frame 16.,

The method of work is as follows. After the screens 19 and 20 are precisely aligned with the position of the picture 16, they start shooting. In window 13 there is an Artinka 16, and the semi-transparent mirror 25 is removed. The lamps 21 are actuated and illuminate the screens 19 and 20. The actors should not be illuminated by the lamps 21 and generally should be protected against the possibility of their lighting. - “by side light. When opening the rotating shutter 12 (Fig. 1), the brightly lit screen 19 exposes (copies) in film 15 a picture 16 at the search for black silhouettes of actors located in front of the screen 19. At the same time, a picture 26 is obtained (Fig. 3), in which the actor is represented as a silhouette 27. After this exposure, film 14 is pulled into one picture with the shutter 12 closed, so that in window 18 before film 15 there is a transparent gap 17. Lamps 21 are extinguished, and lamps 23 are turned on, illuminating protagonist 22. Again shutter 12 and, since this

the moment is illuminated by the actor, then - it is photographed in the contour of the silhouette 27, at which film 2 6 6 is obtained on film 15 (Fig. H). After that, both films 14 and 15 are moved one frame further with the shutter 12 closed, and the described process is resumed.

In the example described above, screens 19 and 2 O are so large that their image completely covers window 13. In many cases, however, this is not necessary, especially when the actors play only in a small part of the frame. In this case, a small mobile screen 28 is installed between the screens 19, 20 and the camera 10, through the opening 29 of which only that part of the screens that is needed for playing actors is visible. The screen 28 comes flashing as close as possible to the camera so that the edges of the opening 29 are drawn completely indistinctly. The side of the screen 28 facing the camera 10 is illuminated by the lamp 30 so that the brightness of the latter exactly corresponds to the brightness of the screens 19, 20.

To turn on and off the lamps 21, 30 and 23 on the axis 31a of the roller 14a (Fig. 9), two contacts 32a and 3,3a are fixed, which, interacting with the contact segments 34a and 35a, turn on and off these lamps. Since, however, the inertia of the lamps is very large, such a device can be applied. only in a few cases, but this scheme can also be used to introduce or remove opaque dimming wings in the path of the rays of the lamps, which makes it possible to cause the lamps to glow and dim in the necessary time for cinematographic shooting.

The described result can also be obtained by continuously burning the lamps 21, 30 and 23, if we illuminate the screens 19, 20 and the actors with colors of different actinicity, for example, the screens are red, and the actors are green. For this purpose, a pivoting screen 31 is installed in front of the camera 10 (FIG. 5).

(Fig. b), fixed on the axis 32, which, by the way of the gears 33 and 34, receives rotation from the axis 35 of the rotating gate 12 at a speed twice lower than the speed of the latter. The screen 31 is provided with two notches 36 and 37, in one of which there is a green color filter 38, and in the other a red color filter 39. Since the rotation speed of screen 31 is half the speed of rotation of the shutter 12, and the rotation of the latter depends on roller 14a, The view on the position of the film 14, the picture 16 and the gap 17 are illuminated in successively different colors so that only the picture 16 is first exposed, and after it the actors 22. The filters 38 and 39, due to their color, allow the film 15 to act or only the picture 16 drafting silhouette and actors, or only the latter. Thus, on each frame, film 15 is obtained first by the image of the picture 16, and then by the image of the characters.

The described form of implementation of the proposed method assumes the presence of a positive film 14, equipped with pictures 16. The same method is applicable, however, in the case when a positive film has not yet been produced. At the same time, a scenery model is built and installed in place 24 (Fig. 1). Instead of a semitransparent mirror 25, an absolutely opaque mirror is used, and it is used to make a survey of the model with the help of it to obtain the corresponding positive. Original splits can be obtained in the usual way, i.e. the picture behind the picture, at which the parts corresponding to the transparent spaces 17, are left free on the positive while copying, or are performed while the original is being shot on the negative. Attaching images of characters is then carried out in the manner described above, in reference to FIG. 1-6.

In some cases, it is not possible to apply a positive film 14 with pictures 16 and transparent gaps 17, especially when it comes to shooting fast-moving people, since the mechanisms that pull films 14 and 15 cannot follow perfectly these movements. To solve the problem in this case, the positive film 14 is sputtered with pictures directly following each other, so that it must be moved at the same speed as the negative film 15. The desired result is achieved by using the following device. Camera 40 (FIG. 7) is equipped with two windows 41 and 42, in front of which are rotating diaphragms (shutters) 43 and 44 and lenses 45 and 46. Behind the window 41 both films 14 and 15 are moving. roller 47, from which it goes along side of body 48 to roller 49, and then to receiving drum. The film 15 from window 41 is directed directly to window 42, and then through roller 50 to the cassette. Screens 19 and 20 are exposed through lens 45, and 46 actors are through lens 22. When the method of alternate lighting is applied to screens 19, 20 and actors 22, it is only necessary to connect pins 32a and 3RZ. (Fig. 9) with a roller 47, after the cheg, the work can be carried out in exactly the same way as described above with reference to FIG. 1. If it is desirable to work colored with light, then in front of lenses 45 and 46 color filters 51 and 52 are introduced, in which the first gives in window 41 only the effect corresponding to the lighting of screens 19 and 20 with highlighting the silhouettes of the actors 22 ,. and the second (52) gives in a window 42 an effect corresponding to the illumination of active lats 22. In case of using two lenses, it is necessary to consider the harmful influence of their parallax, the effect of which is insignificant when the medical people moving are removed at a distance. Due to the parallax of both lenses, the image in window 42 shifts relative to the image in window 41 so that the silhouette 27 (Fig. 3) —And the corresponding image of its leaf can not completely coincide. In order to eliminate this disadvantage, a nontransparent mirror 5 3 is installed in front of the lens 45, transmitting the rays to the lens 45, but reflecting part of them onto an opaque mirror 54, which, in turn, casts them into the lens 46. With the help of these two mirrors, parallax is excluded, so that There remains a LITCHE of a small displacement of the phases of the movement of the characters between the pictures in the windows 41 and 42.

Pulling two films closely pressed to each other through windows 13 (Fig. 1) and 41 (Fig. 7) can easily lead to damage to the photosensitive layer. In order to avoid this, films 14 and 15 can be conducted through separate windows 55 and 56 (Fig. 8), between which there is a transfer part in the form of a lens or a combination of lenses 57. If film 14 contains continuously following each other pictures, such a combination of lenses sufficient. If the pictures 16 (Fig. 2) alternate with transparent gaps 17, then an additional lens 58 should be installed in the window 55, which again collects a beam of rays coming through the lens 59 from the actors 22 (Fig. 1), so that The combination of lenses 5-7 painted their image in the window 56. In the example under consideration, only one lens 58 is used, which can be complemented by the lens 60 depicted by the dotted line. You can also use only lens 60, from which the character of the image does not change.

The above-described method and devices make it possible to obtain, on a negative film, ready-made shots: a shoot of a decorraise is performed, highlighting the silhouettes of the actors and immediately after that the actor is exposed to the silhouette contour of the negative. A prerequisite for this is that the lighting of the scenery and the characters is carefully proportioned with respect to actinicity. This coordination requires some skill and time, which is not always available. In view of this, it is also possible to take pictures of individual films and, after the appearance of a negative, combine the results by copying, in which it is relatively easy to achieve the desired coincidence of the illumination of the scenery and characters.

However, the work is as follows. The two cameras (in accordance with Fig. 7) are arranged one above the other, or close to each other, so that two films move one next to the other. In one film, corresponding to film 15 (Fig. 1), pictures 16 (Fig. 2) are shot with silhouettes highlighted, and in another film, passing by, actors are shot. Two negatives are obtained from which one corresponds to FIG. 3, while the other contains only images of actors on a light background. When sharing both

of negatives, the image of the actors against the background of the decoration is obtained (Fig. 4). The result relates to the case when there is a finished film with pictures, 16. With fantastic decorations, however, you can do without this film and produce

shooting on film 15 directly from a fantastic model. The latter is installed at 24 (Fig. 1) and a translucent mirror 25 is placed in front of the lens 11. The screens 19 and 20 are completely non-actinic, for example, black, and only actors are exposed to strong illumination. Model 24 is also not covered, however, as much as the actors. In this case, the action of the translucent mirror 25 in places located behind the brightly lit actors is almost completely eliminated, so that of the entire model 24 the film perceives only that part, which serves as the background for the actors. In this case, however, translucent or blurry images are obtained,

praeihaesk unsuitable. If, however, we illuminate the actors and the model of the scenery with different colors, then a filter can be loaest in front of the camera, through which only the lighting color of the model can act on the film, so that the film shows the selected silhouette of the actors.

If close to this camera, install a second camera with a synchronously advanced film and direct it to the actors so that the coa rays do not noiiadeal onto the semi-transparent mirror, then, by entering the appropriate filters, you can only take off the actors with this camera. Then joint. copying both negatives can, as described above, produce a film in which the images of the actors will be exactly aligned with the image of the scenery model.

The described method is suitable when the actors are lit evenly, without “shadows”. In the opposite case, the shadows will not be deleted to destroy the reflective action of the mirror and the image of the model of scenery will stand out clearly in these places. To eliminate this phenomenon, shadows are illuminated with a different color of light, which at the same time destroys the reflective action of the mirror. In this case, such a color filter should be illuminated in front of the camera shooting mode 1b. so that this light illuminating the shadows does not act on the film actinically. Thus, a file is obtained which contains only an image. live model with the release of the silhouettes of the characters. The second device, with the use of appropriate filters introduced by him, removes the actors, obtaining a complete picture with the correct distribution of light and shade. After this, the proper copying is done in the manner already described.

In the above-described devices, the positive film is dragged directly in front of the negative film exited. FIG. 10 depicts a modification of the proposed device in which the positive film 14 is drawn behind a window 61 located outside the path of the rays passing through the main lens 62. In the camera 63 of the main lens 62, a double prism 64 is placed in front of the negative film 15, the surface 65 of which acts as a semi-transparent mirror. At an angle to the optical axis of the lens 62, a lens 66 is positioned through which, through a prism 64, the window 67 — and the negative film 15 — can get images of film 14. The camera 63 is directed by the lens 62 to the illuminated screen 68, in front of which the actors 69 are located. It is illuminated by lamps 70, and the actors by lamps 71. Screen 7 2 has the same function as screen 28, 29 (Fig. 1). and is lit by lamps 73.

A double prism or a translucent mirror is inserted between the screen 68 and the lens 62. That 74, the mirror surface 7 5 of which can deflect the rays to the mirror 76, which, in turn, reflects the rays to the lens 77. The latter draws an image of the screen 68 and of the actors 69 on the positive film 14 in the window 61 in various colors corresponding to the screen lighting 68 and the actors 69, so that the image of the picture 16 (Fig. 2) is brightly lit and can be thrown by the mirror 78 into the lens 66.

The oemka is made as follows: a screen 68 (forming the background) and a picture of the film 14 through the lens 66 are removed simultaneously on the film 15, and the actors 69 are shot directly through the lens 62. To achieve this, the color filter 79 is installed on the lens 62 and the lens 66 color filter 80, of which the first passes onto the film 15 only the images of the actors, and the second only the background image (scenery).

It is also possible to operate without filters 79 and 80, using a rotating diaphragm 81, operating synchronously with the normal shutter of the camera, but with speed increased against it. The diaphragm 81 is driven by a shaft 82 of gear wheels 83. The diaphragm 81 is provided with a hole 84 and a cover plate 85, which is positioned so that OToopair 84 opens the access of the rays giving the image of the characters to the lens 62 when the tape 85 is between the prism 74 and a mirror 76. Thus, alternately opening and blocking the access of the rays to the lenses 62 and 66 (or 77).

In the case of the use of the described devices (Figs. 1-10), the actors must always be at such a distance from the camera, so that their image is learned in large scale according to the background and the picture. The space required for this is not always in the pavilion. For the installation of actors at a closer distance, a double-curved lens 86 is used. Accordingly, a two-convex lens can also be placed in this place, if the actors cannot be installed at a sufficiently close distance from the camera.

FIG. 11 shows a device that also allows direct movement of the beams towards the camera or deflecting the beams. With this device, however, there is only one lens 87 in the chamber 88. In front of the camera 88 there is a prism or mirror 89 and a second mirror 90 mounted on axis 91, which rotates in bearing 92 and is rotated from gate shaft 93 by means of a gear train 94 and a flexible shaft 95. The shutter 93 rotates at twice the speed of the shaft 91, which makes only one turn with each movement of the picture. Perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens 87 in front of the mirror surface 96 of the prism 89, a lens 97 is fixed. Which, in combination with the lens 87, gives a sharp image of the film 14

inserted in window 98 on film 15, passing through window 99 in chamber 88. A mirror 100 is located behind window 98. reflective rays coming from lens 101 to window 98- In front of lens 101, there is a mirror 102 that reflects the picture received from mirror 90 into lens 101. In front of lens 101, there is also a filter 103 that destroys the action of all the rays giving the images of actors that the whole picture of film 14 is illuminated, but a part of it, corresponding to the silhouettes of the actors, does not possess actinicity and does not act on the film 15.. In the direct course of the rays to the lens 87, a color filter 104 is placed, which destroys the action of all the rays coming from the illuminated screen behind the actors, and passes only the rays that give the image of the latter. Thus, in successive phases, the same picture of film 15 is exposed first to the background or decoration, and then to the actors.

In the description of the proposed method and device under the expression, the model should understand all sorts of reproductions on a small scale, such as a photograph, a slide, a picture on a tree, glass or canvas, the projection of moving film frames or apticheskii transmitted movie without magnification.

The subject of the patent.

1. A method of making combined cinematographic images, characterized in that the main stage picture performed on a positive film is passed in front of an illuminated screen, in front of which non-illuminated actors are placed or additional parts are installed so that the negative film produces an image of the main stage parts with contour silhouettes of additional faces or parts, and then turn the screen lighting.

L made a shot in the silhouette contour of the characters or additional parts when illuminated.

2. Video modification of the method indicated in paragraph 1, characterized by the fact that, with the lighting device permanently on, the screens and actors are alternately illuminated with colors of different actinicity, by means of a two-color rotary screen.

3. To implement the method indicated in clause 1, a device characterized in that it consists (Fig. 1-4) of camera 10 with a rotating shutter 12, a positive film 14 with pictures 16 and gaps 17 and a negative film 15, pro Two screens 19 and 20, which are illuminated in front of the window 13, are illuminated by lamps 21, 21 and lamps 23 for illuminating the characters or additional parts.

4- With the device specified in clause I, the use of an additional, illuminated 30, movable screen 28, 29 e.1 restricting the shooting of only the necessary part of the screen 19 and 20 and the semi-mirror, 25 to reflect the copy camera 24. s - chain 1 of the exact installation of the place of action; their faces (Fig. 1).,:, ....;

5. Video change of the device specified in clause 3, characterized by the use (FIGS. 5 and 6) of a rotating screen 31, provided with notches 36 and 37 for green 38l and red 39 color filters and driven in appropriate movement from the gate axis 35/12 by means of gears 34, 33.

6.Vodoizmenenie device specified in paragraph 3, characterized by the use (Fig. 7) of two lenses 45 and 46, two windows 41 and 42, two rotating apertures 43 and 44 and two films 14 and 15, passed through only through the upper window 41 ,

while only one film 15 passes through the lower window 42.

7. With the device specified in clause 6, the use of color filters 51 and 52, which are located by lenses 45 and 46 (Fig. 7).

8. With the device specified in clause 6, the use of two translucent mirrors 53 and 54 mounted 11 at an angle to the lenses 45 and 46 in order to eliminate the harmful effects of the parallax of the lenses (Fig. 7).

9. The form of execution of the device specified in clause 6, characterizing with the use (Fig. 8) for each film 14 and 15 separate windows 55 and 56, between which there are 57 lenses when skipping the film 14 with continuously following pictures, and add-on lens 58 or 58 liaz system, 60 in the 55-pass window

Film 14 with pictures alternating with transparent gaps.

10. Video modification of the device specified in clause 3, characterized by the use of an add-on optical system 77, mirrors 76, 78, prisms 74, 64, and color filters 79 and 80 to reflect images of a positive film 14 extended outside the camera to a negative film 15, chambered through the camera.

11. With the device specified in clause 10, use, instead of color filters 79 and 80,

; a rotating diaphragm 81 provided with a hole 84 and a flap 85 (Fig. 10).

12. The form of execution of the device specified in clause 10, characterized with the use (Fig. 11) of one lens 87 in yamer 88 for film 15, rotating on axis 91 of mirror 90 and prism 89, lens 97 installed behind film 14, in front of which is set a mirror 100 for reflecting the rays of the lens 101 and the translucent mirror 102.