SU1091634A1 - Method of blast breaking of rock - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for explosive mining of rocks, including drilling a series of wells in a block, charging them and short-delayed trapezoidal blasting, characterized in that, in order to reduce seismic action and improve the quality of crushing by splitting the fronts of shock waves, the block is split into two parts , the wells of one part of the block to be boiled are charged with highly sensitive explosives, the other with low sensitivity, while the dividing line of the block is oriented perpendicular to the base of the trapezoid. with (L with Od. i (

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in blasting rock mining during open pit mining;

A known method of blasting, including the drilling of a series of wells, their charging and blasting, the rows of borehole explosive charges being placed at an angle of 135-180 ° to the shortest distance to the object.

The disadvantage of this method is that the reduction of the seismic effect is provided in a narrow sector of the protected space n within 5

There is also known a method of blasting rocks, including the drilling of a series of wells in a block, their charging and short-delay blasting in a trapezoidal pattern.

However, the seismic effect of the explosion of borehole charges of the contour row on the surrounding objects. significantly higher than from the explosion of the main borehole charges, due to the greater number of simultaneously exploding borehole charges. In addition, when boreholes in the contour rows are blasted, the quality of rock crushing in the zones of wave flow meeting due to mutual compensation of compression waves in this zone is low.

The aim of the invention is to reduce the seismic effect and improve the quality of thrashing by separating the fronts of shock waves.

The goal is achieved by the method of blasting rock formations, including the drilling of a series of wells in the blister, their charging and short-term blasting in a trapezoidal pattern, the block is divided into two parts, the wells of one part of the block being blown are highly sensitive explosives, the other one is of low sensitivity, while the block dividing line is oriented perpendicular to the base of the trapezium.

A decrease in the seismic action is achieved by the separation of the shock wave fronts due to the different times of detonation of explosive charges of different detonation properties. The quality of the shot, Lenin, is improved by creating multiple effects of an explosion of simultaneously exploding well charges on a destructible medium and an effective interaction of wave flows at different speeds.

The drawing shows a diagram of rock breaking.

The wells of the exploding block 1 are drilled along a square grid, which are conventionally divided by line 2 into two parts, then one part of the well is charged with highly sensitive (high brizant, high detonation velocity) explosives (for example, granulotole with a detonation velocity of 4.5-5.5 km / s), another low-sensitive, (low blasting with a low detonation speed) explosives (for example, AC-4 granulite with a detonation speed of 2.5-3.0 km / s). And the radii of the crushing zone of borehole charges to different waves of explosives must be the same. After this, the charges commute in a trapezoidal pattern and produce a short-delay blasting with an optimal deceleration time.

In the explosion of a section of well charges represented by explosives with a low detonation rate, the shock wave front lags behind the stress front caused by the explosion of previously detonated charges

BB with high detonation velocity.

Thus, the energy of shock waves of simultaneously exploding charges, which regenerate with distance into energy of seismic waves, due to the separation of the fronts of shock waves from opposite charges, is absorbed more intensively. The rate of oscillation of the particles of the medium decreases due to the double impact of the explosion per unit time. The multiplicity of the impact of an explosion on the medium increases with an increase in the number of simultaneously initiated borehole charges. The masses of the wave flow caused by the explosion of charges from highly sensitive explosives move in direction 3.

After a period of time achieved by the difference in detonation velocities, the masses of the wave flow from the explosion of charges from the low-sensitive explosive 6 direction 4 move.

As a result of the motion of the masses of the wave flows in the opposite direction, their multi-speed interaction occurs at different speeds, which

3 10916344

determines the maximum use-, lazy mountain. breed in the area of line 2,

the effect of the collision of the motion — that is not achieved by the known concordant masses. due to the use of one

Compressive voltage from explosive type of explosives and mutual damping of compressors from low-sensitive explosives 5n the voltage waves from the charging system

due to the lagging of the wave front along this line, it creates for compressive stresses. Using this method

from an explosion, charges from highly sensitive explosive blasting of rocks allow

tel explosives tensile stresses lit reduce seismic action

which improves the quality of crushing. When 10i and improve the quality of crushing mining

This ensures uniform shot-rocks. .

Claims (1)

METHOD OF EXPLOSIVE BREAKdown OF ROCKS, including drilling a series of wells in a block, loading and short-blown trapezoidal blasting, characterized in that, in order to reduce seismic effects and improve the quality of crushing by separating the fronts of shock waves, the block is divided into two parts, the wells are of one parts of the detonated block are charged with highly sensitive explosives, the other with low sensitivity, while the section line of the block is oriented perpendicular to the trapezium bases. (L a Od