SU1061770A1 - Method of hybridization of apple-tree - Google Patents

Abstract

. APPLE HYBRIDIZATION APPLEMENT, including artificial pollen by applying pollen to the stigma of the pollinated flower pistil, characterized in that, in order to increase the yield of hybrid seeds and reduce labor costs, the application of pollen is carried out during the period from the end of the phenophase to grow buds until morphological evidence Readiness of stigma of pistil for pollination. (Ls

Description

05

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one

The invention relates to the selection of fruit crops and can be used in agriculture.

There is a known method of hybridizing blony, in which it produces a cassette of the flower stamens, its isolation and pollination l.

This method is labor-intensive and gives poor fruit fruit binding due to flower damage during castration.

There is also known a method of hybridizing blonii, in which the castration of flowers is not produced and cross-pollination is used 2.

The disadvantage of the known method is the impossibility of the formation of the fruits of cross-pollinated plants from self-pollination.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of hybrid seeds, and reduce labor costs,

This goal is achieved by the fact that, according to the method, the application of pollen is carried out during the period from the end of the phenophase to the growth of buds to the appearance of morphological signs of the stigma of the pistil ready for pollination.

The method is carried out as follows.

Before pollination, the buds are normalized on a well-developed healthy and intact branch of the pollinated plant, one or two well-developed (approximately the same in size) bottles are left in one inflorescence, it removes all / unfolded: underdeveloped and damaged buds. Pollination is carried out from the end of the phenocase pocj buds until morphological signs of the stigma of the pistil are ready to be pollinated.

Determination of phenophase was carried out according to the method of Cooperman-1977 h.

5 When hybridizing plants with the proposed method, pollination is carried out. Before the physiological maturation of the pollen of the pollinated flower, they exclude self-pollination.

0 In the same period, the stigma of pistils of pollinated flowers is physiologically quite prepared for pollination by alien pollen, which adheres well and grows on the stigmas.

5 pistils, which leads to further fertilization of this kidney and the normal development of seeds.

Fruit binding and education (Seed Blony in various ways

j hybridization of plants (1980) is presented in the table.

With castration148

Rene

Without castration132

Kichunova

With castration112

Saffron Pepin

Without castration133

ekintosh With castration

Without castration 115 From self-pollination 258

Pepin With Castration 110

Kushischaff

Without castration 119

Mekintosh With castration 76 Without castration 122

From 178

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4.6

ABOUT

2.8

ABOUT

ABOUT

57

7.4 + 1.0

5.2 O O

About 3.8

About 3.4

O As can be seen from the table, as a result of pollination by the proposed method, the percentage of fetus was significantly increased.

In order to more fully characterize the results of forced crossing, the coefficient of beneficial fertilization, i.e. the percentage of the total number of normally developed seeds to the product of the total number of pollinated flowers by 10 is the average number of these seeds in a single flower of blony,

In the variant of the experiment with self-pollination carried out with preliminary normalization and subsequent isolation of the t buds, in neither case did not observe the fruit setting or the formation of blond seeds in the varieties under study.

An embryological study showed that the average number of normally developed seeds per formed fruit during the hybridizations carried out using the proposed and known methods was approximately the same. The zero values obtained in experiments with castration of flowers of blony are explained by the deep physiological and biochemical disturbances that occur as a result of

Table continuation

the castration of flowers, which adversely affect the growth of pollen tubes and the fertilization process of castrated flowers, as a result of which unfavorable conditions are created for tying up fruits and the formation of seeds. A biometric analysis of the obtained data on the hybridization of blony with and without castration showed the following: when hybridizing varieties, Antonovka is ordinary with Pepin saffron. Antonovka ordinary with

0 Mekintosh, Reneta Kichunova with Pepin saffron. Reneta Kichunova e Mekintosh, the difference turned out to be highly reliable; with gib- reading Antonovka varieties, usually 5 Venn with Reneta Kichunova, the difference turned out to be reliable with respect to the first reliability threshold; during hybridization of Pepin saffron varieties with Rennet Kichunova, the difference was quite reliable for the second threshold

0 likelihood of accurate predictions, as 0d 0,99.

Thus, the proposed method prevents self-pollination of flowers, increases productivity and labor efficiency during hybridization of partially self-fertile fruit plants.

Claims (1)

. METHOD FOR APPARATUS HYBRIDIZATION, including artificial pollination by applying pollen on the stigma of a flower pistil of a pollinated plant, characterized in that, in order to increase the yield of hybrid seeds and reduce labor costs, pollen is applied from the end of the phenophase `` bud growth '' until morphological signs of the preparedness of the stigma of the pestle for pollination.