SK892021A3 - Transforming bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

The transformation bearing is a converter of linear oscillating motion into a rotary one or a replacement for the crankshaft. The movement of the piston (14) of the engine to the rotational movement of the output shaft (4) is changed by means of the arm (16) on the bearing housing (17) and the bearing (1) with an inserted modified cylindrical body (2) in which the bearing (7) is inserted obliquely. and output shaft (4). The outer ring of the bearing (1) is pressed in the bearing housing (17) with one or more arms (16) into a circle in the shape of a plate (5). The angularly deviated bearing (1) changes the axial force acting from the piston through the connecting rod (10) and the circumference of the plate (5) into a radial force that rotates the output shaft (4). A set of pistons (14) in turn transmits a cyclic movement to the plate (5), which does not rotate, but oscillates between dead ends in the form of a sinusoid. The pistons (14) are connected with the connecting rod (10) to the circumference of the plate (5). The central axes of individual pistons (14) are placed parallel to each other in a circle. The connecting rod bearing has the function of a ball pin (11).

Description

The field of technology

Mechanics of machines

Current state of the art

In mechanisms, for example, in internal combustion engines, a bent crankshaft is used to convert linear reciprocating motion from engine pistons into rotary motion.

The essence of the invention

I will explain the essence on the work of the piston and crankshaft of an internal combustion engine. The object of the design of the mechanism is to change the linear reciprocating, cyclic, or oscillating movement of the engine piston to the rotary movement of the output shaft, just as in the case of the crankshaft, and to use the proposed design as an alternative solution. The proposed mechanism consists of the following elements:

1. ) from the lever, i.e. the arm connected to the bearing housing,

2. ) from the bearing, the outer ring of which is stored in the bearing housing and the inner ring of the bearing is

3. ) connected output shaft through an inserted modified cylindrical body.

The inner ring of the bearing is connected to the output shaft through an inserted, modified cylindrical body so that their axes make a certain angle between them. This means that the modified cylindrical body is mounted on the shaft deliberately crooked. The mechanism assembly consisting of three parts - from the arm, from the bearing in the bearing house and from the inserted modified cylindrical body, where the axis of the bearing and the axis of the connected output shaft are different, will be called a transformation bearing. The task of the transformation bearing is to convert oscillating linear motion into rotary motion. The transfer from the linear reciprocating - oscillating movement of the piston in the cylinder of the combustion engine to the resulting rotary movement of the output shaft will be carried out through the connecting rod of the piston and the transformation bearing. A transformation bearing is a simple rolling or sliding radial bearing. When using a rolling radial bearing, it is advisable to use a one-way bearing, but this is not a condition. The transformation bearing mechanism can alternatively be composed of two bearings, whereby the bearing with a smaller diameter will be inserted in the bearing with a larger diameter by means of a modified cylindrical body. In this case, we will call one bearing internal and the other bearing external. If two bearings are used in the mechanism, the inner bearing will be unidirectional. A one-way bearing, also called a freewheel, will be rolling, either ball or roller and structurally self-centering. We place the bearings as follows: We press a modified cylindrical body into the inner hole of the outer bearing, in which a hole for the output shaft is drilled obliquely at a certain angle to the central axis of the bearing. With the transformation bearing and its alternative with a single bearing, we press only the output shaft into the drilled hole in the modified cylindrical body. In the alternative with two bearings in the mechanism, we insert another bearing, which we call the inner bearing, into the slanted opening of the modified cylindrical body. We then press the output shaft into the inner bearing. If, during the operation of the transformation bearing mechanism, we want to achieve unconditionally only one direction of rotation of the output shaft as the resulting movement, then we must use both one-way bearings. On the outer ring of the outer bearing in the bearing house, we press the shoulder, which will be alternately affected by the force from the linear reciprocating movement of the piston. The linear force will act axially on the radial bearing itself, i.e. from the side, but due to the fact that due to the slanted output shaft, this bearing is in an inclined plane and is stressed torsionally, so this force tries to deform the bearing. However, due to the inclined plane and the small resistance of the bearing in the radial direction, this torsional force turns into a radial force, which, due to the lateral force vector, spins the inner ring of the bearing and also the output shaft. If we create not only one shoulder on the outer ring of the outer bearing, but also a set of shoulders, we connect them evenly in a 360° circle, for example 3 x 120° or alternatively 12 x 30°, up to an infinite number of arms in the shape of a circle, so we get a continuous disc , which resembles a plate in the center of which an external bearing is inserted. Since the circular hole for the output shaft is inclined at a certain angle in the inner ring of the outer bearing by means of an inserted modified cylindrical body, after connecting the mechanism to the shaft, the plate itself appears obliquely as an inclined plane from the side view. When viewed from the side, we can designate the highest position of the point of the tilted plate above the plane as the upper dead center and the lowest position of the point of the plate below the plane as the lower dead center. The upper and lower dead ends are rotated 180° from each other on the plate when viewed from above. Every dead center also means the dead position of the transformation bearing when acting on the arm lever, and so on, as is the case with the crankshaft. Therefore, if we were to act with force

SK 89-2021 A3 to the plate exclusively in the dead ends of the transformation bearing, so the transformation bearing in the dead position does not want to rotate and the plate does not want to tilt in the shape of a sinusoid. However, if we act on a point of the plate with a linear force outside any dead center, the plate starts to tilt and a force is created, i.e. j. a side vector that will start to rotate the inner ring of the bearing and the output shaft will move in the direction of the one-way bearing. The outer bearing enables the rotation of the entire mechanism when a linear force is applied to the arm and the angle of the inclined plane. To overcome the dead position in the alternative with one arm on the outer bearing, it is also convenient to use a flywheel or a shaped arm on the bearing housing or a rotating runner around the circumference of the plate, which rotates simultaneously with the output shaft and eliminates the dead position in the dead centers by a mechanically created lateral force vector that helps overcome the dead position. The problem with the dead position of the transformation bearing will arise when the linear force is applied alternately in at least three points of the plate, i.e. 3 x 120°, as in the case of three turns of the crankshaft.

When the linear force from the engine piston to the arm-plate lever ceases, the transformation bearing stops when one bearing is used, and so does the output shaft and flywheel. In the alternative of the transformation bearing with two bearings t. j. outer and inner bearing in the mechanism, however, the freewheel of the inner bearing will allow inertia to complete the movement of the flywheel and output shaft. In addition, the freewheel also filters out fluctuating revolutions of the transformation bearing compared to the revolutions of the flywheel. The linear force and oscillating movement on the arm lever at the inclined plate plane due to the transformation bearing causes the inclined plate plane to oscillate like a sinusoid. It oscillates in such a way that each point around the circumference of the plate successively replaces all points of the sinusoid, point by point from zero to 360°, with each rotation of the shaft, i.e. j. from top dead center to bottom dead center and back in a length equal to the stroke of the engine piston.

The cyclic movement of the pistons in the engine turns into a "one-way rotary movement. If we did not use a one-way bearing, when pressure was applied to the lever of the arm of the transformation bearing from dead center, i.e. from the dead position of the lever, the output shaft could start to rotate in any direction, i.e. j. right or left, but when using a one-way bearing, it will only be in one direction. The direction of rotation of the mechanism will be given by an external impulse, such as in an internal combustion engine from the starter. The plate itself does not rotate, it only oscillates as an inclined plane, because it is attached by a joint to at least one arbitrary point on the circumference of the plate and only waves in the shape of a sinusoid. Also, for the sake of clarity, we can describe such undulations as if we were to throw a simple disc or plate on the floor, which, when it lands obliquely on the edge of the plate, will undulate until it stops on its outer edge in the shape of a sinusoid. We can then connect one to several connecting rods of the pistons to the undulating, or oscillating, plate of the transformation bearing in a circle next to each other, as in the case of a radial engine. With a classic internal combustion engine, the star is radial, but with a transformation bearing, the star bearing of the pistons will be axial. We can even store pistons from both sides of the oscillating plate as in an engine with opposite pistons of the boxer type. This arrangement of the engine is not in-line but cylindrical. Instead of a shaft bent several times, the proposed solution is only in the form of a plate in an inclined plane. However, the connecting rods of the pistons will be adjusted so that if the piston pin is rotatable in one x-axis, then the main connecting rod bearing of each connecting rod must be rotatable in two axes (x, y). Then the connecting rod bearing works like a ball pin or joint, like a cardan. Similar to a classic engine, the connecting rod piston pin remains rotatable in its bearing only in one x-axis, and the piston with the connecting rod can be supported by simply sliding the piston in the cylinder so that the connecting rod cannot cross. Alternatively, it is possible to create such a connection of connecting rods for each piston that, in the case of the piston and counterpiston of the boxer type, we connect these two pistons with a single paired connecting rod and connect it to the oscillating plate of the transformation bearing in the center of the connecting rod by means of an articulated bearing. If we do not use the transformation bearing in the internal combustion engine, but it would only be a simple conversion of an oscillating movement into a rotary movement, then only one arm, one joint, a classic gimbal is completely sufficient to convert such a cyclic sliding or swinging movement into a rotary movement.

The advantage of the transformation bearing is that we can extend the arm at will and act on the arm with a considerably large lever and increase the force to spin the shaft. In the event that several arms around the circumference of the plate exert force on the transformation bearing gradually in a full circle of 360° and the plate oscillates between the upper and lower dead center, the output shaft will also be rotatable in a full range of 360°. However, if the oscillating oscillating movement in the case of one arm on the outer bearing will be limited and performed only in a small partial angle and the plate will not oscillate along the path of the full stroke of the piston t. j. in the entire range up to the extreme dead center, so then the cycle of the plate itself will be shortened and we will only need more shorter oscillations of the arm to achieve one rotation of the output shaft, which is an advantage of such variability of the transformation bearing, because the rotational movement of the output shaft can also be achieved by the sum of different and even also of irregular arm oscillation lengths. The plate will be anchored in at least one point of its circumference with a joint pin, so that it does not try to rotate, but only oscillates, just as a point on the plate rotated by 180° only oscillates. The other points of the plate's circumference describe a figure of eight during the sinusoidal joint anchoring in the length between dead ends, which is equal to the length of the piston stroke. Since the plate oscillates in the shape of a sinusoid, all points on the plate's circumference make an arc according to the size of the radius

SK 89-2021 A3 plate and angle of inclination of the plate or arms on the outer bearing, whereby the arm can be extended and extended from the plate and can be larger than the plate to achieve more force on the plate. The advantage of the transformation bearing is the application in machines, where the use of a crankshaft and an engine housing to store the crankshaft can be financially expensive. The advantage of the transformation bearing can also be its undemanding accuracy due to the use of ball pins. In the case of simple machines and solutions for converting linear force into rotary force through a transformation bearing, we don't even need to use ball studs. We can even replace them with simple spikes, forks, linear lines that will rest on the plate. The tilting of the plate of the transformation bearing can be varied as needed, set at three points and achieve a change in the inclination of the adjusted cylindrical body, i.e. the inclination of the plate of the transformation bearing and thus change the size of the side vector on the bearing as needed. Instead of an inserted cylindrical modified body with a specific angle of inclination of the opening for the output shaft, we can use as an alternative three adjustable screws or washers, which allow us to variably change the angle of inclination of the plate according to the current need. In order to adjust the angle of inclination of the plate, it is not necessary to set it only before the beginning of the movement of the transformation bearing, but it is possible to achieve a change in the angle with a technical solution even during the operation of the mechanism. A larger angle of inclination of the plane of the plate is suitable during the start-up of the mechanism, when a larger reach is required. In the next cycle, a smaller angle of inclination of the plate plane is sufficient to maintain the revolutions.

This alternative does not apply to an internal combustion engine, where we usually do not change the stroke of the pistons for a given compression ratio.

Overview of images on drawings

Image no. 1 transformation bearing in an assembly with one rolling bearing

Image no. 2 transformation bearing in assembly with sliding bearing

Image no. 3 transformation bearings in an assembly with two rolling bearings (freewheels)

Image no. 4 transformation bearing in an illustrative assembly for an internal combustion engine

Image no. 5 transformation bearing for easy transfer of movement from two levers - arms to rotary movement Image no. 6 transformation bearing for simple transfer of movement from one lever - arms to rotary movement Image no. 7 transformation bearing - sinusoid

Image no. 8 transformation bearing in assembly with pistons

Image no. 9 transformation bearing with "S" shaped arm

Image no. 10 transformation bearing with rotating runner

Image no. 11 modified cylindrical body

Image no. 12 vectors

Examples of implementation of the invention

In the picture, number no. 1 shows a side view of two arms 16 connected to a bearing housing 17, which is also identical from a side view to a set of arms 16 connected in the shape of a circle, where the number of arms 16 forms the entire plate 5. Bearing 1 is pressed into the bearing housing 17. A modified cylindrical body 2 with an obliquely drilled hole for inserting the output shaft 4 is pressed into the inner ring of the bearing 1. The central axis of the obliquely drilled hole and the central axis of the modified cylindrical body 2 intersect at a common intersection and form the required angle. The optimal size of the angle can be from 5° to 45° depending on the force we want to exert on the arms 16 or the circumference of the plate 5. The length of the arms 16 is identical to the radius of the plate 5, but it can be larger if we need to increase the linear force on the transformation bearing 8.

The linear force that acts on the circumference of the plate 5 is meant in this case from the point of view of the movement of the piston 14 in the cylinder of the combustion engine, which is indicated in figure no. 4 and no. 8, which performs a reciprocating oscillating movement and also from the point of view of the axis of the output shaft 4, with which the force is parallel and is a force in the axial direction. The force that presses on the circumference of the plate 5 only causes it to wave between dead ends, or its oscillation in the form of a sinusoid, while the plate 5 itself does not rotate but only rotates. The lateral vector, which arises from the axial force due to the tilting of the bearing 1, spins the inner ring of the bearing 1 in the radial direction, and together with the modified cylindrical body 2, the output shaft 4 and the flywheel 6 also rotate. If the linear force stops acting on the plate, its oscillation stops and the rotation of the output shaft 4 and the flywheel 6 will also stop. To guarantee the only direction of rotation of the output shaft 4, we will use a one-way bearing. A ring 3 is mounted on the output shaft 4, which will be replaced by an internal bearing 7 in other embodiments. In this embodiment fig. no. 1 shows a rolling bearing, and in the Example embodiment fig. no. 2 is used plain bearing which is for

SK 89-2021 A3 combustion engine more bearable in terms of stress. All the functions of the individual parts of the transformation bearing 8 remain identical to the Example of implementation figure no. 1. Summary of all parts of the transformation bearing 8 are located in this picture number 1 in the bubble with the reference number 8.

Unlike the Examples according to figure no. 1 and 2 with one rolling or sliding bearing, so in the example embodiment fig. no. 3 is the mechanism of the transformation bearing 8 composed of two bearings. The outer bearing 1 is rolling and is inserted into the bearing house 17. In the inner ring of the outer bearing 1, a modified cylindrical body 2 is pressed, in which another rolling bearing marked as inner bearing 7 and locking intermediate ring 3 are inserted. Into the inner bearing 7 is pressed an output shaft 4. The inner bearing 7 is a one-way bearing. The great advantage of this alternative is that as soon as the linear force stops acting on the plate 5, which therefore stops oscillating, the unidirectional internal bearing 7 allows the output shaft 4 to continue rotating by inertia until it stops.

In this case, the transition to stopping the revolutions of the output shaft 4 and possibly also the inserted flywheel 6 is smoother and without shocks. Both bearings 1 and 7 can be freewheels, i.e. one-way and self-centering, but the inner bearing 7 must be one-way. When the outer bearing 1 is unidirectional in the transformation bearing 8, the unidirectional rotation direction of the output shaft 4 will be guaranteed.

In the Example of implementation according to picture no. 4 shows the connections of the combustion engine pistons to the transformation bearing 8.

In the Example of implementation, picture no. 5 shows a transformation bearing 8 controlled by two arms 16 through a ball pin 11 which is rotatable in two axes x and y. The figure shows the placement of the flywheel 6 of the output shaft 4 in the bearings 12.

In the Example of implementation, picture no. 6 shows a transformation bearing 8 controlled by only one arm 16 via a ball pin 11 which is rotatable in two axes x and y. In the case of one lever, a simple long arm 16 can be directly connected to the bearing housing 17 instead of the plate 5 to transmit linear motion.

In this example embodiment fig. no. 7, two bearings are used in the transformation bearing mechanism 8, the outer bearing 1 and the inner bearing 7, and the indicated oscillation or undulation of the plate 5 in the form of a sinusoid between dead ends do + and do -.

In this example embodiment fig. no. 8 shows the pistons 14 in different positions during engine operation, also with an indication of the construction of the boxer-type cylinders 9.

In this example embodiment fig. no. 9 is a transformation bearing 8 with a shoulder 16 on a bearing house 17 in the shape of the letter "S". The force on the arm "S" 20 causes in one axis swinging movement of the plate 5 into an arc at the point of the radius of the plate 5 and at the same time in another perpendicular axis on the arm 16 in the length of its radius at the same point of the radius of the plate 5 causes the plate 5 to twist and overcome its dead center position.

In this example embodiment fig. no. 10 is a transformation bearing 8 with a rotating runner 18, where the rotating runner 18 is connected firmly to the rotating output shaft 4.

In this alternative, only one bearing 1 can be used in the construction. The construction with two bearings 1 and 7 cannot be used in this example, because the inertial movement of the output shaft 4 is not allowed. The linear force acts on the arm 16 in the bearing house 17, which, together with the bearing 1, tilts into an arc and turns the output shaft 4, and at the same time the wheel 19 of the rotating runner 18 runs on the surface of the plate 5, but always only just before the top dead center of the plate 5 and literally pours continuously in front of him the dead position of the inclined plate 5 during its oscillation around the entire 360°. The wheel 19 of the rotating runner runs on the surface of the plate 5 and because it is placed lower than the top dead center of the oscillating plate 5 it therefore pushes the dead position constantly in front of it.

In this example embodiment fig. no. 11 shows a more detailed view of the cylindrical body 2 in the transformation bearing assembly 8. The essence of the transformation bearing lies precisely in the adjustment of the cylindrical body, in which an opening for the output shaft is created at a certain angle to the central axis of the cylindrical body. If the opening for the output shaft 4 were parallel to the central axis of the modified cylindrical body 2, no radial force would arise on the bearing 1 and to convert the linear movement into the rotational movement of the output shaft 4.

In the example embodiment fig. no. 12 shows the changing lateral radial vector Fr, which is the result of the action of the linear force F, with which we press the shoulder 16, or plate 5, and the opposite force -F, which is the reaction of the transformation bearing mechanism. If the plate is in the dead position, these forces are balanced and F = -F. As soon as the plate 5 starts to rotate and the rotation angle of the sinusoid grows, the side vector Fr also grows, which causes the output shaft 4 to spin.

Industrial applicability

- In mechanisms for converting oscillating motion or linear reciprocating motion into rotary motion.

SK 89-2021 A3

- In internal combustion engines as a crankshaft replacement.

- An electric motor, where at least three electromagnets serve as a source of linear movement, in which we create a force acting in the transformation bearing mechanism on evenly distributed points of the oscillating plate to rotate the output shaft by timing the switching of the electromagnets correctly

SK 89-2021 A3

List of relationship tags

- external bearing

- modified cylindrical body

- intermediate ring

- output shaft

- a plate

- flywheel

- internal bearing

- transformation bearing

- engine cylinder

- connecting rod

- ball pin

- bearing

- piston pin

- piston

- a ring

- shoulder

- bearing house

- rotating runner

- wheel

- arm S., 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, - piston movement phases in the engine cylinder to fig. 8

Claims (5)

1. Transformation bearing, characterized by the fact that it consists of a bearing house (17) with a shoulder (16) and a bearing (1) into which a modified cylindrical body (2) with a hole for the output shaft (4) is inserted, while the axis of the modified of the cylindrical body (2) forms an angle with the axis of the hole for the output shaft (4). 2. The transformation bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that one outer bearing (1) with an inserted modified cylindrical body (2) is mounted in the bearing house (17) with the arm (16), in which the second unidirectional inner bearing is inserted (7) with a hole for the output shaft (4). 3. Transformation bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that a set of arms (16) forming a continuous plate (5) is mounted on the bearing housing (17) 10 evenly in a circle. 4. Transformation bearing according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the plate (5) contains spherical pins (11) placed in a circle. 5. Transformation bearing according to claim 4, characterized in that the ball pins (11) are on both sides of the plate (5).