SK167896A3 - Fodder additive to de-activate mycotoxins - Google Patents

Abstract

In a fodder additive to de-activate mycotoxins in fodder or in animals' digestive tracts, an enzyme preparation made from enzyme-producing organisms from the group of plants, bacteria, yeasts or protozoans is added to fodder in quantities of from 0.1 to 3 kg/1000 kg, where the enzyme-producing organisms being selected from among the groups capable of forming epoxidases and/or lactonases. Water having preferably a pH value 1 - 4.5 is admixed with the fodder additive at a temperature ranging from 15 to 40 DEG C during from 3 to 30 mins. The mixture is thereafter dried.

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to a feed additive for the inactivation of mycotoxins in feeds. in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, where the feed contains an enzyme preparation made from enzymes produced by organisms from the group of plants, bacteria, yeasts or protozoa in an amount of 0.1 to 3 kg / 1000 kg of feed, the use of a feed additive to inactivate mycotoxins in feed or. in the digestive tract of the animals, as well as a method of producing feed containing the feed additive.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

EP-A-0257996 discloses a feed premix as well as a process for its preparation which, in addition to a physiologically acceptable carrier, such as e.g. cereal flour, containing one or more enzymes. Also known from EP-A 0286056 is a compound feed as well as a process for processing raw feed material which contains an enzyme preparation as an additive. Both known feed additives contain essentially amylase as an additive, since these grains which break down enzymes are lacking in young animals, especially pigs.

Further, for example, a feed additive is known from AT-PS 397756 which contains inorganic substances with a large inner surface, such as silicates or zeolites and organic heterocyclic polymers for the absorption of toxins.

Mycotoxins, which are toxic products of the fungal metabolism, are considered to be necessary in the animal and animal husbandry industry up to a certain degree and are known to a high degree as a cause of loss of production in the breeding and breeding of livestock. Therefore, various methods have been used for a long time to maintain the supply of mycotoxins to the body of an animal to a certain extent, respectively. for inactivating mycotoxins introduced into the animal body to prevent the harmful action of mycotoxins in the animal body. This mainly works because mycotoxins, based on the functional groups present in the molecule, usually show high chemical reactivity. This high chemical reactivity plays a central role in the toxicity ratios of such substances as these groups, with biologically important molecules such as nucleic acids, enzymes, but also cell membrane lipids, exert a metabolism.

Physical methods such as extraction, heating, irradiation as well as adsorption of mycotoxins, as well as their chemical inactivation, for example by treatment with acids, bases and various oxidizing agents, have been described to detoxify mycotoxins. Of these various known methods, adsorption seems to be the most appropriate in practice. This adsorption is usually carried out by adding larger amounts of adsorbing agents such as clays, activated carbon or polymers. Of course, in this way, due to an efficient adsorption mechanism, no inactivation or inactivation is possible. fixation of all mycotoxins to adsorption agents. In essence, adsorption acts by forming a so-called hydration coating on the adsorbent on which polar molecules are deposited on the basis of van der Waals forces. In this way, polar mycotoxins such as aflatoxins have been inactivated in a relatively satisfactory manner up to now. However, mycotoxins containing less strong polar functional groups can only be poorly bound to the adsorbent material in this way and sufficient inactivation of such mycotoxins is by no means possible by the prior art adsorption method.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention is therefore directed to obtaining a feed additive, in particular an enzyme preparation of enzymes produced by organisms from the groups of plants, bacteria, yeasts or protozoa for inactivating mycotoxins in feeds and / or plants. digestive tract, by which the mycotoxins usually present in feed would both be adsorbed as well as at least partially degraded and could thus be largely removed.

The invention is further directed to the use of feed additives which could inactivate in feed or feed. digestive tract of animals present mycotoxins to prevent production losses in the production of livestock.

A solution to this problem lies in the feed additive according to the invention in that the enzymes produced by the organisms are selected from the groups capable of forming epoxidases and / or lactonases. Because the organisms producing enzymes are selected from groups capable of producing epoxidases and / or lactonases, the mycotoxins contained in animal feed have been shown to exhibit high chemical reactivity and therefore are extremely strongly toxic, far-reaching enzyme preparations in the feed, respectively. digestive tract of animals to degrade and / or convert them chemically to non-toxic or less toxic compounds and thus greatly reduce their toxicity.

In particular, an enzyme preparation is obtained which has been obtained in a preferred manner by producing a pure culture or a culture. pure cultures of enzyme-producing organisms capable of forming epoxidases and / or lactonases, depending on their optimal growth conditions. Thereafter, the cells of the propagated pure cultures are inactivated in a known manner in order to obtain enzymes which do not change in any way and thus remain undamaged. As an enzyme preparation, either these inactivated cells or the crude or pure extract from these cells can then be mixed directly into the feed. A particularly preferred method is the use of epoxidase and / or lactonase. Enzymes enzyme preparations have the advantage of being able to degrade or chemically convert mycotoxins, which generally fall into very different classes of chemical substances. This is mainly because many mycotoxins are cyclic hydrocarbon compounds with oxygen as the heteroatom, and the oxygen bond in these cycles is very often in the form of epoxides or lactones. The preferably used epoxidases, which belong to the group of hydrolase, are cleaved on the epoxide ring of the mycotoxin, thereby forming two hydroxyl groups, whereby the hydroxyl groups can subsequently be easily degraded in the animal body. Also preferably used lactonases act in an analogous manner. In order to achieve this effect, partial degradation of mycotoxins can already be achieved before feeding by mixing the feed, the feed additive according to the invention and the water, which is adjusted to a slightly acidic to neutral pH value, and feeding it directly. Care must be taken that the feed slurry is not too strongly acidified, so that the habit of feeding or feeding is not adversely affected. there were no health problems. Of particular importance in this context is that mycotoxin degradation with the enzyme preparation acts without additional energy supply and can only be achieved by homogeneously mixing the enzyme preparation into the feed in the environment of the animal's digestive tract, or possibly already when mixed with water adjusted to an appropriate pH.

According to the present invention, an extract of Saccharomyces strains, in particular of Saccharomyces telluris, is particularly preferred as the enzyme preparation. Saccharomyces strains are special yeast species that are the most important groups in obtaining enzymes. Yeast can form a wide variety of hydrolytic enzymes in extremely high amounts, and it has been shown that in the feed industry for quite different purposes the strains of Saccharomyces can also be used for particularly rapid and full degradation of mycotoxins, which may contain both epoxy and lactone groups. In a particularly preferred method, Saccharomyces telluris is used with which the degradation of trichothesenes, in particular Τ-2-toxin, Η-Τ-2-toxin and deoxynivalenol, can be achieved under natural, digestive tract of animal conditions. In particular, the addition of Saccharomyces telluris could be a cleaved epoxide ring of the aforementioned mycotoxins and the resulting dihydroxy compound will subsequently be metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract without demonstrating toxic efficacy.

In order to maximize the inactivation of the mycotoxins contained in the feed, the feed additive according to the invention is preferably designed such that it additionally contains a natural or synthetic porous mineral with a larger inner surface in an amount of 0.5 to 8 kg / 1000 kg, especially 0, 7 to 4 kg / 1000 kg feed. A feed additive from a mixture of enzyme preparation and a natural or synthetic porous mineral with a large internal surface area ensures that in an aqueous medium having a pH value corresponding to the digestive tract of the animals, respectively. in the gastrointestinal tract of the animal itself, all of the surface of the feed, especially polar mycotoxins, is either adsorbed to the mineral or is removed directly by the enzyme preparation. chemically transformed. Said natural or synthetic porous mineral with a large inner surface has the advantage that the mycotoxins present on the surface of these minerals are more readily available for further degradation by the enzyme preparation.

As the natural or synthetic porous material with a large inner surface, diatomaceous earth, zeolites, 2- and 3-layer clays or mixtures thereof with a cumulative pore volume of from 0.05 to 4 cm @ 2 / g, in particular 0.5 to 2.5 cm @ 2 / g and a surface pH of from 4.5 to 7.5. Kieselguhr, zeolites and / or layered clays, or mixtures thereof, which have a cumulative pore volume of 0.05 to 4 cm-Vg, in particular 0.5 to 2.5 cm ^ / g, can adsorb mycotoxins particularly effectively and thereby inactivate to a large extent . Such minerals preferably have a pore diameter of from 10 nm to 1 µm and a surface pH of from 4.5 to 7.5. Such minerals are usually prepared in such a way that it is particularly advantageous to calculate the minerals at about 800 ° C to 900 ° C without the addition of flux, whereby a uniform distribution of the pore surface structure can be achieved. For example, mineral mixtures of 80% clinoptilolite and 20% muscovite, 80% chabasite and 20% muscovite, 75% clinoptilolite and 25% kaolinite as well as 80% chabasite and 15% kaolinite may be used.

Finally, the feed additive according to the invention is used for the inactivation of mycotoxins in feeds. in the gastrointestinal tract of animals essentially characterized in that it is a mixture of 1 to 65% by weight, in particular 5 to 50% by weight. % of an enzyme preparation and 99 to 35 wt.%, especially 95 to 500 wt. natural or synthetic porous minerals with a large inner surface. By using relatively large amounts of 1 to 65% by weight, in particular 5 to 50% by weight, of the enzyme preparation, it is ensured that the degradation of the mycotoxins present in the feed is achieved to a large extent. Furthermore, the abundance of natural or synthetic, porous minerals with a large internal surface area ensures that those mycotoxins that are not available for chemical degradation by enzymes are essentially bound to the surface of these minerals and thus also no longer available for metabolism and can no longer adversely affect animals.

In this connection, it has proven advantageous to adjust the activity of the enzyme preparation by mixing natural or synthetic porous materials for epoxidase at 470 to 600 [mu] g / g and for lactonase at 280 to 400 [mu] g / g.

The feed additives according to the present invention with or without the addition of natural or synthetic porous minerals with or without a large inner surface can be used in a particularly advantageous manner for inactivation or inactivation. degradation of aflatoxins, T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, monoacetoxyscirpenol, H-T-2 toxin, verrucarin, roridine, satratoxin, baccharinol, trichodermol, diacetoxyscirpenol, fumonizine, fumonizine, ochratoin, ochratoin in the digestive tract of animals.

Due to the wide range of mycotoxins that can be inactivated or inactivated. degraded by the enzyme preparations of the present invention, the use of the feed additive of the present invention is a particularly convenient and effective method for removing toxic substances from feed. The use of a feed additive ensures that also strongly mycotoxin-contaminated feeds can no longer be detrimental to livestock and that in particular crops that have been subjected to a comminution, drying treatment or mainly processing to allow storage or feed mixtures, after mixing with the feed additive according to of the present invention without deliberation and without further examination by scientific institutes can be fed either directly or after treatment with water adjusted to a slightly acidic pH of the domestic animals.

The present invention further relates to a process for the production of feed which is characterized in that the optionally ground and / or dried crops are mixed with the feed additive according to the invention as well as with water which is adjusted to a pH suitable for the reaction for 3 to 30 minutes. at 15 ° C to 40 ° C and after adjusting to a pH suitable for feed and removal of liquid components, they are dried under the introduction of a stream of warm air. Adjustment of pH the acidification can be carried out with pharmaceutically acceptable acids such as, in particular, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid or the like, the pH being preferably adjusted to between 1 and 4.5, in order to achieve a corresponding rapid inactivation of the mycotoxin-containing feed. According to the invention, the temperature range is set between 15 ° C and 40 ° C, i.e. essentially to room temperature to body temperature, for a period of from 3 to 30 minutes, to achieve further inactivation of mycotoxins. Since feed with a pH in the above strong acid range cannot be fed directly by the animals, neutralization can be carried out after inactivation, for example by adding sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate or the like, to a slightly acid to neutral pH. Further, after the liquid components have been withdrawn, the feed is dried by supplying a stream of warm air to obtain a mycotoxin-free, long-term storable feed. In this case, it is particularly advantageous to compress the feed slurry into pellets in a manner known per se before drying. Such pellets allow reduced feed nutrient oxidation due to reduced surface area with satisfactory shelf life and transportability.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention will be explained in more detail by means of the following examples.

Example 1 w

Study on the clinical effect of the feed additive of the invention on mycotoxins

Feed additive: 60 wt. % yeast preparation containing epoxidases and lactonases 10 wt. % kaolinite 30 wt. % clinoptilolite

48 hybrids of both sexes with an average starting weight of 8.16 kg, a coefficient of variation of 20.83%, and an average age of 28.6 days were used for the experiment. Comparable piglets were selected for each stage of the experiment. Throughout the experiment, the temperature and humidity of the piglets were controlled.

The experimental groups were fed a diet containing three different mycotoxin contents and two different types of mycotoxins. In addition, 4 experimental groups received a feed additive according to the invention. One experimental group received neither mycotoxins nor the feed additive according to the invention.

The feed contains mainly soy, millet and milk powder and was administered 4-5 times a day, water was available ad libitum. Mycotoxins were dissolved in ethanol, then mixed with a small amount of diet for subsequent mixing into the feed. The groups formed are shown in Table 1, where the pigs of both groups with the same mycotoxins have the same age and the same origin.

Table 1

Experimental groups with different mycotoxin contents with and without supplementation

feed additive T2-toxin + aflatoxin Bj feed additive 1 0.3 ppm + 0.1 ppm 0 kg / t 2 0.5 ppm + 0.1 ppm 0 kg / t 3 1.0 ppm + 0.1 ppm 0 kg / t 4 0.3 ppm + 0.1 ppm 2 kg / t 5 0.5 ppm + 0.1 ppm 2 kg / t 6 1.0 ppm + 0.1 ppm 2 kg / t 7 0.0 ppm + 0.0 ppm 2 kg / t 8 0.0 ppm + 0.0 ppm 0 kg / t

The parameters measured were body weight, food intake, average daily weight gain and rate of food conversion.

The results of the production parameters are shown in Table 2.

Table 2

Average food intake, daily average weight gain, food conversion rate of 8 experimental groups

Group Average income food Daily average weight gain Transformation of food 1 904 453 1.99 2 909 455 1.99 3 796 471 1.69 4 916 530 1.73 5 910 487 1.86 6 818 492 1.66 7 922 520 * 1.77 8 899 509 1.77

’) Corrected by eliminating one death

Clinical evaluation:

Group 1 (0.3 ppm T-2 toxin + 0.1 ppm aflatoxin B] and 0.0 kg feed additive):

Mild conjunctivitis, body condition and skin were normal, slightly reduced food intake was found.

Group 2 (0.5 ppm T-2 toxin + 0.1 ppm aflatoxin B and 0.0 kg feed additive):

Obvious and severe irritation of eyes, snouts and nose was observed, body condition was normal, appetite decreased.

Group 3 (1.0 ppm T-2 toxin + 0.1 ppm aflatoxin Bj and 0.0 kg feed additive):

All piglets show eye, nose and snout irritation and lateral throat and torax. All piglets show abdominal swelling and the first recording of a decrease in food intake began at week 2. One piglet died on day 12.

Groups 4 and 5 (0,3 ppm or 0,5 ppm T-2 toxin + 0,1 ppm aflatoxin Bj and 2 kg feed additive):

Light signs of conjunctivitis and skin irritation were observed, food intake and physical condition were assessed as normal.

Group 6 (1,0 ppm T-2 toxin + 0,1 ppm aflatoxin Bj and 2 kg feed additive):

piglets (of 6) show only mild conjunctivitis, all other findings were within normal range.

Group 7 (0.0 ppm T-2 toxin + 0.01 ppm aflatoxin B} and 2 kg feed additive):

Group 8 (0.0 ppm T-2 toxin + 0.0 ppm aflatoxin B] and 0.0 kg feed additive) (comparison):

The piglets were healthy.

From the above evaluations, there is a clear positive effect of the feed additive of the invention on food intake, weight gain and food conversion are evident at each of the three dose stages. Untreated groups exhibit much stronger clinical symptoms of mycotoxicoses than the groups treated with the feed additive. As in production parameters as well as clinically, there is a clear beneficial effect - in particular, more effective protection against T-2 toxin and aflatoxin contamination - of the feed additive of the invention.

five M V Z11

Claims (9)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Feed additive for the inactivation of mycotoxins in feedingstuffs or in the digestive tract of animals, when an enzyme preparation produced from enzymes producing organisms of the group of plants, bacteria, yeasts or protozoa, in an amount of 0,1 to 3 kg / 1 000 kg of feed, characterized in that the enzyme-producing organisms are selected from groups capable of forming epoxidases and / or lactonases. Feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the enzyme preparation is formed from a crude extract of an inactivated pure culture of enzyme producing organisms. Feed additive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the enzyme preparation used is an extract from strains of Saccharomyces, in particular from Saccharomyces telluris. The feed additive according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that it additionally contains a natural or synthetic porous mineral with a large inner surface in an amount of 0.5 to 8 kg / 1000 kg, in particular 0.7 to 4 kg / 1000 kg of feed. Feed additive according to claim 4, characterized in that diatomaceous earth, zeolites, 2- and 3-layer clays or mixtures thereof with a cumulative pore volume of 0.05 to 4 cm are used as natural or synthetic porous mineral with a large inner surface. ^ / g, especially 0.5 to 2.5 cm ^ / g, _and the surface has a pH of 4.5 to 7.5. Feed additive according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the feed additive consists of a mixture of 1 to 65% by weight, in particular 5 to 50% by weight. of an enzyme preparation and 99 to 35% by weight, in particular 95 to 50% by weight, of natural or synthetic porous minerals with a large inner surface. Use of a feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 6 for the inactivation of aflatoxins, T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, monoacetoxyscirpenol, HT-2 toxin, verrucarin, roridine, satratoxin, baccharinol, fichodermcirolin, trichodermonoline, diacetin moniliformin, fusarenone X and crotocin in feed or. in the digestive tract of animals. Method for producing feed, characterized in that optionally ground and / or dried crops are mixed with the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 6 as well as with water which is adjusted to a pH of 1 to 4.5 by addition of an acid For the reaction, it is stirred for 3 to 30 minutes at 15 ° C to 40 ° C and, after adjusting the feed to a suitable pH and withdrawing the liquid components, is dried while introducing a stream of warm air. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the feed slurry is compressed in a known manner into pellets consisting of natural or synthetic porous minerals with a large inner surface before drying in a manner known per se.