SI9200184A - Composite fibre material based on natural fibre webs and process for its production and further processing into extruded mouldings - Google Patents

Abstract

Composite fibre material based on natural fibre webs in which the natural fibre webs have a basis weight of 200 g/m<2> at the most, and a process for its continuous production and further processing.

Description

EMPE-WERKE Ernst Pelz GmbH & Co. KG KG

Natural fiber-based fiber composite material as well as a process for its continuous preparation and further processing into presses

The invention relates to a fiber composite material based on a run of natural fibers, as well as a process for its continuous preparation and further processing into multilayer presses.

The range of applications for fibrous composite materials as well as for compression molding is extremely diverse. Such materials are used e.g. in the automotive industry as elements for interior finishes of any kind, such as crude door lining brackets, hat dumps, pillar lining, trunk lining, etc., or in the packaging or construction industries. The range of raw materials for such materials includes elastomers, raw materials wood fibers, textile fibers, fiberglass supports and reinforced thermoplastic plastics, such as e.g. For the aforementioned field of application in the automotive industry, the following raw material characteristics are decisive: noise and comfort attenuation, compliance with safety regulations, wear resistance, moisture insensitivity, rational workmanship, light weight, ability to dismantle (service) and environmental portability, to name a few of cases.

DE 32 39 732 discloses a process for preparing an intermediate of essentially two different types of fibers, namely cellulose base fiber and thermoplastic carrier fiber. The carrier fibers and the base fibers are mechanically pre-cured and mixed together in advance with the heat-cured constituent in a dry state in a mixing device suitable for this purpose. The finished intermediate is from the beginning a mixed, heat-cured ingredient in its original, unmolded state. The decisive disadvantages of this process, on the one hand, are the high energy requirement for drying the fibers, which are mainly made of wood fibers, and the high temperature for pre-curing the thermoplastic fiber mat. Furthermore, high air humidity, which intrudes uncontrollably, can significantly interfere with the manufacturing process.

In another known process described in DE 28 30 320, coconut mats of a surface mass of about 1000 g / m ² are wetted with artificial resins, predominantly curable polyester resins. Other known methods, such as e.g. described in DE 31 50 906, DE 28 43 139, or DE 28 17 271, use artificial resins as fiber bonding agents. The disadvantage of these processes is the low volatility of some of the constituents of the copolymers used, such as monostyrene for unsaturated polyester resins and formaldehyde in phenolformaldehyde formulations. In particular, work-related physiological and emulsion reduction measures are needed here. In addition, wetting and impregnation of fibrous mats (at mat thicknesses of about 10 mm) requires excess wetting resin and wetting of the resin mixture in an air-conditioned atmosphere. Intermediate storage by winding wetted mats results in a significant difference in the density of the mats due to the sedimentation of the aqueous liquid resin into the lower layers and the uneven evaporation of the volatile components of the copolymers on the surface. This leads to material defects in molding as well as significant environmental stresses.

It is an object of the invention to provide such a fibrous composite material as well as a process for its continuous preparation and further processing, which would avoid the above defects.

According to the invention, this problem is solved with a fiber composite material based on a run of natural fibers, in which the runes of natural fibers have a surface mass of no more than 200 g / m ² . This new fiber composite material can be prepared as cost-effective as described below, and further processed in a continuous process into supporting molds, e.g. parts of interior linings in the automotive industry or load-bearing parts for the packaging and construction industries. Compared to other known products, the extremely low surface mass of the run of natural fibers proved to be advantageous, and thus significantly simplified handling of e.g. in storage and transport. In addition, based on this new starting material, it has been possible to develop optimized fabrication processes for fibrous composite materials and further compression molding processes and to achieve improved sound attenuation properties, strength, fracture toughness at -20 ° C, dimensional stability, variable surface planar designs, smaller wall thicknesses at higher strength, more favorable recycling quotas and higher hydrothermal stability than for comparatively prepared natural fiber composite materials, mainly based on wood fibers. Due to the low surface mass, less energy is required for evaporation to expel moisture.

Preferably, the natural fiber fleece has a maximum thickness of about 5 mm.

In order to prepare the run of natural fibers, preferably fibers with a diameter of less than 10 μιη and a total fiber length of more than 100 mm are passed over and solely mechanical.

Preferably, mainly flax fibers are used to prepare the run of natural fibers. Particularly noteworthy is the new raw material base, which not only has a far-reaching prospect in terms of ecology and economics. In addition, there is a strong political interest in promoting and promoting projects with natural fiber products that support national agriculture. It is self-evident that other vegetable fibers, such as jute, coconut, straw, reed, sisal, wood fibers, etc., can also be used for the fleece of natural fibers of the invention.

Alternatively to plant-based or natural fibers. in combination with these, animal-based fibers such as e.g. sheep wool, vegetable hair from waste products, etc.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a binder is applied to the fleece of natural fibers to achieve the ability to press into the molds. In this connection, a possible binder is a reactive artificial resin such as e.g. a two-component polyurethane resin, preferably in a polyol / isocyanate mixing ratio of 100: 160 to 100: 200, or a foamy epoxy resin, with the use of such binders, preferably, an additive which causes effective venting of the fibrous composite material before compression, as further described below below.

The reaction resins used for wetting the run of natural fibers and the additives are specifically geared to the specific properties of the run of natural fibers, such as the cellular moisture involved and the ratio of fiber thickness to fiber length. Furthermore, the reaction behavior of artificial resins is optimized in particular to the fiber surfaces and fiber density of natural fibers. This precise alignment of the natural fiber fleece binder and the application process described in more detail below make it environmentally sound and hygienic work.

Another alternative to the binder required to achieve the ability to compress run from natural fibers into molds is a thermoplastic plastic. This melts at a suitable temperature rise, thus forming a suitable wetting of the runes surfaces, with the melting point and the point of hardening of the thermoplastic binder being properly adjusted to the requirements of the intended product and process. As thermoplastic material, they come into consideration in addition to polypropylene, polyethylene or the blend formulation of these compounds as a compound based on vegetable oil, whereby the basic vegetable oil obtained from Euphorbia lathyris, rape, High Olec-Sunflower or other materials with a high proportion of C _lg -fatty acids in a known manner.

A further alternative to the useful binder of the invention, which is particularly interesting in terms of providing a new raw material base for this component of the product, is a two-component plant-based system comprising lignin (a waste product in the preparation of wood paper) and a white fungus as its main component. mold capable of reacting with lignin, wherein this new-type binder system preferably further comprises a pulp which is mixed from the potato peel, which is mixed, dried to a fine powder, lignin resin.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized by the addition of inorganic or organic reinforcing materials based on glass fibers, synthetic fibers and / or natural fibers on a plant and / or animal basis, such as e.g. jute, coconut, straw, reed, sisal, wood fiber, sheep wool, hair, etc .. In order to integrate effective material recycling into the manufacturing process of the invention, which is explained further below, reinforcing material for fibrous composite material is preferred according to the invention recyclates from the fibrous composite material itself.

Preferably, the reinforcing material is pre-bonded as a fiber support, e.g. in the form of yarns, threads, filament yarns, spinning fibers, etc. or as a textile fabric or fiber mat.

The invention further proposes that the pre-bonded reinforcing material is pre-cured with a binder.

The invention further relates to a process for the continuous preparation of a fiber composite material based on a run of natural fibers, in which a fleece of natural fibers with a surface mass of not more than 200 g / m ^{2 is} prepared.

In this case, the fibers of the natural fibers preferably have a maximum thickness of about 5 mm and are preferably spun from fibers with a fiber diameter of less than 10 μια and a total fiber length of more than 100 mm and solidified exclusively mechanically.

Preferably, linen fibers are used to prepare the run of natural fibers (for the reasons stated above).

It is further proposed in the invention that mainly animal-based fibers are used for the preparation of natural fiber runes.

Preferably, sheep wool, animal hair from waste products and the like are used as animal-based fibers.

In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the natural fiber fleece is pre-dried to a residual moisture content of not more than 8% before further processing.

For the further processing described below, compression molding according to the invention provides for the application of a binder to the fleece of natural fibers in order to achieve the compression capability.

As mentioned above, reactive synthetic resin can be used as a possible binder, especially two-component polyurethane resins or foamy epoxy resins. Particularly preferred is a two-component polyurethane resin with a mixing ratio of polyol / isocyanate between 100: 160 and 100: 200. Such thermal synthetic resins do not have any easily volatile constituents resulting from the manufacturing process and the further processing process. Immediate homogeneous bonding of the binder into the fiber matrix avoids the occurrence of sedimentation leading to the density differences mentioned above.

*

The use of such reactive artificial resins is particularly advantageous if, at the same time as or with the application of the reactive artificial resin, an additive is added which causes an effective venting of the fibrous composite material prior to compression, such as e.g. 2 to 4 mm diameter blown glass beads. With the use of such additives and inorganic or organic reinforcing materials, the prepared fibrous composite materials can be permanently molded and solidified into three-dimensional molds, having a temperature effect of about 90 to 110 ° C and pressure. In this case, such presses, as explained below in more detail, are preferably multilayered, whereby the fleece used in the impregnation step or in the impregnation stage is used. at room temperature, it is wetted with reactive artificial resin and coated with additives in a further processing step. The adjustment of the binder and the additive to the fleece made from natural fibers described above and the process of application condition the environmentally sound and hygienic work.

An alternative binder for reactive synthetic resin is a thermoplastic plastic that is introduced into the fleece of natural fibers during the process of melting. Thermoplastic plastics include, in addition to polypropylene, polyethylene or a mixed formulation of these compounds, vegetable oil based compounds, e.g. compounds in which the base material is a vegetable oil obtained from the Euphorbia lathyris, rape, High-Olec sunflower or other material with a high proportion of C ₁₈ -fatty acids.

With regard to the processing of thermoplastic plastics, there is a difference for the processing of the reactive synthetic resins described above in that the fleece of natural fibers is usually pre-heated to the melting point of thermoplastic plastic, thereby expelling the placement into the fleece of natural fibers. Optional reinforcement additives are then preferably applied in the next steps of the process. Considering further processing into multilayer presses, there is definitely nothing to change compared to using reactive artificial resin as a binder.

Another possible binder is, as described above, a two-component plant-based system comprising as its main component lignin and a white mold fungus capable of reacting with lignin, with this new-type binder system being preferred over natural fleece application the pulp obtained from the potato peel is added to the fibers.

Preferably, the energy consumption for carrying out the process with immediate thermal recovery of the remaining substances and integrated energy recovery can be kept low.

Natural fiber runes can be reinforced by the addition of inorganic or organic reinforcing materials based on glass fibers, synthesis fibers and / or natural fibers on a plant and / or animal basis. Preferably, recycled material from the fiber composite material itself can be used as a reinforcing material. The reinforcing material can be used in a pre-bound form as a fiber carrier, e.g. in the form of yarns, threads, filament yarns, spinning fibers, etc. or as a textile cloth or fiber mat, and the pre-bonded reinforcing material, if desired, is pre-cured with a binder. Finally, the invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of multilayer presses based on fibrous composite materials on which a binder is applied, as described above, characterized in that the runes are made of natural fibers, on which binders are applied and are optionally provided with reinforcing and / or venting additives and, if appropriate, pre-concentrated, pre-confined, with the cut being made according to the dimensions of the press to be prepared.

In this case, lay the strips of strips of natural fiber runes in 3 to 6 layers so that each other so that the surface to which the binder is applied is followed by an unpaved surface.

Preferably, the multi-layer natural fiber mats are pre-compacted over the entire surface via a roller line or plate compacting to about 50% of the final thickness of the material, and then with a pressing tool, the temperature and pressure-oriented binder are permanently molded into presses.

Further features and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, which are explained in more detail in the accompanying schematic drawing. It shows:

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the positioning of the fiber substrate and the roller traction device, as well as the continuous drying of the fiber substrate by a flow device and a transport laugh;

FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the reaction resin mixer, indicating the change of direction and transport device for the fibrous substrate, as well as an alternative dashed layout for the application of thermoplastic plastics in this step;

FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a cutting device for additional reinforcing fibers and deposition devices for the application of auxiliary substances, as well as a conveyor device for a fibrous substrate, and a schematic representation of the pre-thickening of the material;

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the separation device, indicating the degrees of freedom of the cutting head and the device for separating the separation medium as well as the conveyor device for the fiber cuts, and a schematic representation for the placement of layers of individual flat fiber cuts as well as the positioning of the individual layers;

FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a subsequent thickening device indicating the direction of delivery; and FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a device for automatic insertion of cut-outs of plate semi-finished products into a connected compression model with indication of the direction of movement and a schematic representation of the compression model itself.

Individual images - Considered in the sequence of their sequential numbering, represent the course of the invention for the continuous preparation of multilayer fiber mats as semi-finished products as well as their further processing into presses.

This process begins as shown in FIG. 1, by positioning run 1 of natural fibers (eg flax) with a surface mass of about 150 g / m ² , which are exclusively mechanically cured without additional binder and have a thickness of about 4 mm. With a favorable fiber diameter ratio (less than 10 gm) to the total fiber length (more than 100 mm), a plurality of joining points and anchorage points are obtained in the spinning process, which gives very good mechanical strength. Since the tensile strength is sufficient, no additional synthetic or other reinforcing fibers or fibers are required. other auxiliaries for the transport of runes in a conveyor unit 3.

In the right half of FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the preparation of a natural fiber filament unwound runner 1 from a supply roll. Natural fibers, such as flax, jute, etc., are taken up naturally because of their cellular structure, i.e. with suction and capillary effects, moisture throughout the entire surface on the broad front and in the direction of the thickness of the fiber laminate from ambient air. The order of magnitude of the moisture uptake varies depending on the type of fiber and the composition of the fiber fleece between 10 and 20% by volume. An essential advantage of the invention is that the fiber web 1 with a small surface mass, ie also a small thickness of layering and a fine fiber distribution, forms a larger surface area than in the case of coarser, more densely layered fiber webs. The fiber fleece can therefore be fed continuously and at high speed to the pre-drying line 2 via a conveyor belt.

Drying expires with turbulently produced and dried hot air (temperature of about 80 to 100 ° C), the flow direction being chosen so that the flow of hot air is directed vertically relative to the surface of the fibrous fleece and crosses the transport direction of the fibrous fleece 1, thereby forcing to flow through the fiber fleece from the top down. The humidity-coated air under the fibrous fleece 1 is continuously drained and further guided to prepare the prereaction (reaction) with the reaction resin. Fresh air from the outside is continuously fed into the drying line 2. The air supply and the drying process provide a precise control of the residual moisture content of fiber fleece 1, which is not more than 8% according to the invention.

In FIG. 2 are alternatively presented side by side with the second processing step in the use of reactive artificial resin or. thermoplastic plastics, the essential elements for thermoplastic plastics processing being shown dashed to the right next to the actual drawing.

In this production phase, spray the pre-dried fiber fleece 1a with a two-component reaction resin. The molten thermoplastic artificial resin is introduced into the fiber fleece 1a. In FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of an injection head 5 with feed ports A and B for a two-component reaction resin, which is preferably a polyurethane resin with a mixing ratio of polyol / isocyanate 100: 160 to 100: 200. The injection head 5 is guided by traverse motions in the transverse direction to the transport device. 3 for fiber fleece.

The polyurethane resin binder described above with the newly developed polyester-polyol mixture has, due to the polarity of its ester groups, a high specific adhesion on the surface of the fibrous fleece and optional fiber reinforcing fibers 9a (see Fig. 3) as well as on further excipients. The directional formulation of the invention for a medium-speed reaction system is such that the binder surface is desired after leaving the reaction mixture from the mixing chamber 5 in about 1.5 minutes. The moment of glowing, and thus the increase in viscosity of the binder, is directed to the manufacturing process because homogeneous incorporation of the binder into the fiber web 1 and wrapping of reinforcing fibers and / or auxiliaries is a prerequisite for a homogeneous layer composite. Variation of the exit velocity (with pressure in the mixing chamber 4) influences the wetting intensity of the individual fibers.

The residual moisture content of Fiber Fleece 1 mentioned above is crucial at this stage of the process, because terminal isocyanate groups immediately react with moisture and bring the binder to foaming. During the foaming process, the viscosity of the binder increases with irreversible crosslinking such that the bonding of the fibers and the adhesion of the coating layer can no longer be achieved when the flowability is exceeded. The foaming process is an important component of the wetting process, thus accelerating the intrusion of the binder into the fiber layers. In any case, due to the high ambient temperatures and the humidity of the fibers, the pre-reaction can be out of control, which would result in premature bonding and would not allow homogeneous bonding of the fiber layers.

For mixing and application according to the invention, the exact and fast-reacting two-component binder mixtures are particularly suitable for achieving high dosing accuracy with high-pressure piston pump machine systems (dosing range of about 6 g / s to 12 g / s). The traverse movement of the injection head 5 transversely to the direction of the fibrous fleece is adjusted to the stroke time of the compression process. The same manufacturing parameters are also used for expanding epoxy resin systems which can also be used in the invention.

When using thermoplastic plastics as a binder, the thermoplastic plastics must be rolled up when modifying the process steps just described via rollers 6, 7 and 8, as appropriate (in this case, heating). homogeneous wetting is achieved at the moment of application of the binder.

The process of the invention allows for the continuous preparation of a homogeneous natural fiber composite material at this stage. The clamping and glowing of the reactive resin or the cooling of the melt of the plastic cause the contraction forces to be released, which bind the individual fiber strands to a profile with a homogeneous distribution of fibers, but with different matrix materials.

The resulting shrinkage forces stretch or orient the previously organic fibers, thereby creating a partial excess of the binder on the fiber surface. This excess is necessary for complete impregnation in the subsequent aggregation of the individual fiber layers. In addition, further impregnation of additional fibers can be optimized by means of the binder deposition process, the amount and the geometric orientation of the fibers. fiberglass 9a. The degree of soaking or The penetration depth can also be adjusted.

FIG. 3 shows, in its right half, a schematic representation of a reinforcing material, in the specific case in the cutter 9 of a broken strand of glass roving (fiberglass) with a fiber length of e.g. 50 to 70 mm. The fibers fall in free fall to the surface of the binder-coated natural fiber fleece surface in strength-optimized layers. Instead of glass roving 9a, other organic and inorganic fibers can also be reinforced. Alternatively, reinforcing fibers in pre-bonded form are useful as fiber supports, such as e.g. in the form of yarns, threads, filament yarns, spinning threads, etc., as well as textile fabrics and fibrous fabrics.

The use of cuttei 9 requires precise adjustment of the rotational speed of its cutting rollers to the transport speed of the carrier fiber web la. The optimal distribution and the number of intersecting reinforcing fibers 9a are determined by the relative motion of the falling fibers in free fall relative to the longitudinal orientation of the fiber fleece velocity. At the time of loading of the reinforcing fibers 9a on the surface 1a of the fiber fleece, the excess binder homogeneously surrounds the reinforcing fibers and any further additions of Bg. When processing reinforcement mats or. The fabrics are connected by an additional roll through the roller 11 of the reinforcing matrix in a flat contact with the surface of the fiber fleece moistened with a binder.

At about the same time as the reinforcing fibers 9a, the Bg additives applied may be e.g. Blown glass beads dispensed via funnel 10. These blown glass beads are used in particular for polyurethane reaction resins to vent and prevent the air inclusions that eventually lead to the laminate (see Fig. 5). delamination in the system reinforcement matrix / binder matrix until complete dissolution of the individual fiber layers. Furthermore, the moisture involved in the later impact of pressure and elevated temperature can cause high vapor pressures, which later, when molding, at the moment of tool opening, cause the individual fiber layers to burst.

According to the invention, the intended application of Bg additives and the precise positioning on the surface of lb of fibrous fleece is crucial. This is solved by extending these additives evenly into the binder matrix and the reinforcing fiber matrix over the entire surface of the fiber fleece 1 through the collecting groove 10 and the oscillating hole plate lOa (the size and number of holes are adjusted to Bg).

Then, pre-thickening is carried out via the roller 11 to achieve sufficient homogeneity. At this stage of the process, a defined backpressure is produced by using expanding reactive artificial resins, such as two-component polyurethane resins or expanding epoxy resins, to orient the expansion direction of the binder with respect to the fiber fleece structure and the reinforcing matrix. In this way, the moment of delivery of fiber fleece lb to the roller pair 11 is crucial, since insufficient viscosity of the binder (time in the crucible, the moment of gluttony) can lead to the connection of the reinforcing material 9a and the accessories Bg with the roller surface 11. Also, additional coating of the roller surfaces 11 does not would help because the adhesive forces of the binder to the metals and plastics are very high. Too high a viscosity, i.e. any drying of the surface of the lb binder is also not desirable, since then there is no longer any bonding of the individual layers (see Fig. 4). The feed speed of conveyor belt 3 is therefore adjusted to the rotational speed of the roller pair 11, with the lower roller lla not driven separately but rigidly positioned.

In FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the preparation of clippings of fibrous composite material according to the invention and its further processing. At this stage, we separate the continuous coated fiber web lb 'into the sections x, y, given by the respective shape of the crude carrier. Therefore, in the transport direction, the exact width of the cut of its fleece is reached. A water-jet cutting system 12 has proven to be a practical separation device. It is advantageous that in the case of reactive polyurethane systems, the edges of the cuts are immediately affected by the reaction of the binder with moisture, and further, the free reinforcing and runic fibers 9a and / or respectively are not conditionally dissolved. 1 at the edges of the runes and thus lead to material defects.

The cutting of the raw material can be minimized in this separation process. The edges of the cuts are immaculately smooth and clean with no residue of dust. In the course of cutting, the obtained water is collected through the catch groove 13, purified or. filtered and again run into a circuit. The cutting course is related to the progressive movement and speed of conveyor belt 3, i.e. running a head 12 with a cutting jet has four degrees of freedom.

In the next stage of the pre-fabrication process, we fabricate coated and sliced layers x, y from fiber fleece into multilayers, e.g. 3- to 5-layer, fibrous composite mats. In FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a stacking device 14 that continuously supplies sections x, y of fibrous run exactly in multiple layers. This manufacturing step is carried out by placing pieces of x, y of fibrous fleece on top of each other with height-adjustable scissors and, when reaching the desired number of layers, with a fully pressed compression pedal 15, press each other briefly. Roller conveyor belt 3 transports mats as semi-finished products to the next stage of the process. The compression pressure and holding time depend on the desired final material thickness of the crude support material finally compressed (example: a final crude carrier thickness of about 2 mm requires a compression preload of about 50 bar and a holding time of 2 s). Here, too, the tact must be adjusted to the overall rhythm of the work.

Compression pressure and retention time are important factors for the homogeneous bonding of individual layers x, y with each other, because - assuming accurate positioning of the layers - the material properties depend to a large extent on the impregnable penetration and the connection of the respective material components with each other. Inaccuracies can lead to serious material or material defects. defective sites in the finished raw load-bearing part.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic post-condensation of layered sections of x, y fibrous run into mat 17 as a semi-finished product. As described above, the pre-pressed, stacked run sections x, y are compacted in this processing stage to the final dimension of the semi-finished product. This subsequent thickening expires via the roller pair 16, which is made according to the pre-thickening roller pair 11 of FIG. 3. It should be emphasized that we are now striving to achieve 50% of the final thickness of the material in the finished work, because otherwise the optimum homogeneous bonding of the respective individual fiber layers is not achieved. Continuous production means a smooth, economical and environmentally friendly production process that can be seamlessly integrated into various pre-existing compression processing processes. With this new process for the preparation of fiber composite materials based on the run of natural fibers, the greatest possible automation can be conceptualized for the production of lining carriers and damping materials.

FIG. 6 shows the final withdrawal and filing as well as the compression of the mat 17 as semi-finished products, with a schematic representation of the automatic feeding of the mat 17 as semi-finished via suction systems 18 or the gripper mechanics for the compression model 19. Alternatively, further logistically optimized interfaces can be provided. pre-distribution systems in order to be able to batch multiple presses in one case at a time.

In the foregoing description, as well as in the claims and the accompanying drawing, the characteristics of the invention described may be essential both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments.

For

EMPE-WERKE Ernst Pelz GmbH & Co.KG:

Claims (51)

1. Fiber composite material based on a run of natural fibers, characterized in that the runes of natural fibers have a surface mass of no more than 200 g / m ² . 2. Fiber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the runes of natural fibers have a maximum thickness of about 5 mm. 3. Fiber composite material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fibers of the natural fibers are spun from fibers with a fiber diameter of 10 μτη and a total fiber length of more than 100 mm and are exclusively mechanically cured. Fiber composite material according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that flax fibers are predominantly used for the preparation of natural fiber runs. Fiber composite material according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that animal-based fibers are predominantly used for the preparation of natural fiber runs. Fibrous composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that sheep wool, animal hair from waste products and the like are used as animal-based fibers. Fiber composite material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a binder is applied to the fleece of natural fibers to achieve the ability to press into the molds. 8. Fiber composite material according to claim 7, characterized in that the binder is a reactive artificial resin. 9. Fiber composite material according to claim 8, characterized in that a two-component polyurethane resin or a foamy epoxy resin is used as the reactive artificial resin. Fiber composite material according to claim 8, characterized in that a two-component polyurethane resin with a polyol / isocyanate mixing ratio between 100: 160 and 100: 200 is used. 11. Fiber composite material according to one of Claims 8 to 10, characterized in that an additive is added which causes an effective venting of the fibrous composite material before compression. 12. Fiber composite material according to claim 11, characterized in that the addition of a ball made of blown glass is 2 to 4 mm in diameter. 13. Fiber composite material according to claim 7, characterized in that the binder is a thermoplastic plastic. 14. Fiber composite material according to claim 13, characterized in that the thermoplastic plastic is polypropylene, polyethylene or a mixed formulation of these compounds. 15. Fiber composite material according to claim 13, characterized in that the thermoplastic plastic is a vegetable oil based compound. 16. Fibrous composite material according to claim 15, characterized in that a vegetable oil from euphorbia lathyris, rape, High Olec-Sunflower or other materials with a high proportion of C _lg -fatty acids. 17. Fiber composite material according to claim 7, characterized in that the binder is a two-component plant-based system containing as its main components lignin and a white mold fungus capable of reacting with lignin. 18. Fiber composite material according to claim 17, characterized in that the binder system further comprises a pulp obtained from the potato peels. 19. Fiber composite material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that inorganic or organic reinforcing materials based on glass fibers, synthetic fibers and / or natural fibers on a plant and / or animal basis are added. 20. Fiber composite material according to claim 19, characterized in that the reinforcing material is recycled from the fibrous composite material itself. 21. Fiber composite material according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the reinforcing material is present in a previously bound form as a fibrous carrier, e.g. in the form of yarns, threads, filament yarns, spinning threads, etc. or as a textile fabric or fiber mat. 22. Fiber composite material according to claim 21, characterized in that the pre-bonded reinforcing material is pre-cured with a binder. 23. A process for the continuous preparation of a fiber composite material based on a run of natural fibers, characterized in that a fleece made of natural fibers with a surface mass of not more than 200 g / m ^{2 is} prepared. Process according to claim 23, characterized in that a fleece made of natural fibers with a maximum thickness of 5 mm is prepared. A method according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the fiber fleece is spun from fibers with a diameter of fibers of less than 10 μτη and a total fiber length of more than 100 mm and is exclusively mechanically cured. Method according to one of Claims 23 to 24, characterized in that flax fibers are predominantly used as fibers for the preparation of natural fiber runes. Method according to one of Claims 23 to 25, characterized in that mainly animal-based fibers are used to prepare the run of natural fibers. 28. A method according to claim 27, characterized in that sheep wool, animal hair from waste products and the like are used as animal-based fibers. Process according to one of Claims 23 to 28, characterized in that the fleece of natural fibers is pre-dried to a residual moisture content of not more than 8% before further processing. Process according to one of Claims 23 to 29, characterized in that a binder is applied to the fleece of natural fibers to achieve the ability to press into molds. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein a reactive artificial resin is used as the binder. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein a two-component polyurethane resin or a foamy epoxy resin is used as the reactive artificial resin. 33. A process according to claim 32, characterized in that a two-component polyurethane resin with a polyol / isocyanate mixing ratio between 100: 160 and 100: 200 is used. 34. A method according to claim 32 or 33, characterized in that, at the same time as or with the application of the reactive artificial resin, an additive is added which causes an effective venting of the fibrous composite material before compression. A method according to claim 34, characterized in that 2 to 4 mm diameter blown glass beads are used as an additive. A method according to claim 30, characterized in that a thermoplastic plastic is introduced as a binder in the process of embedding in a fleece made of natural fibers. A method according to claim 36, characterized in that the thermoplastic plastic is a polypropylene, polyethylene or mixed formulation of these compounds. Process according to claim 36, characterized in that a compound based on vegetable oil is used as a thermoplastic plastic. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the vegetable oil is obtained from Euphorbia lathyris, rapeseed, High Olec-Sunflower or other raw materials with a high content of C _1g fatty acids. Process according to one of Claims 36 to 39, characterized in that the fleece made of natural fibers is pre-heated to the melting point of the latter before the thermoplastic plastic is applied. 41. The method of claim 31, characterized in that a binder is used as a binder, a plant-based system comprising lignin and a white mold fungus capable of reacting with lignin as a major component. 42. A method according to claim 41, characterized in that a pulp is obtained from the potato peels before being applied to the natural fiber fleece before the binder system is applied. 43. The method according to one of claims 23 to 42, characterized in that the energy consumption for carrying out the process is kept at a low level by immediate thermal recovery of the residual substances and integrated energy recovery. Process according to one of Claims 30 to 43, characterized in that the fleece is made of natural fibers by the addition of inorganic or organic reinforcing materials based on glass fibers, synthesis fibers and / or natural fibers on a plant and / or animal basis. A method according to claim 44, characterized in that recycled fibrous composite material alone is used as the reinforcing material. A method according to claim 44 or 45, characterized in that the reinforcing material in pre-bound form is used as a fiber carrier, e.g. in the form of filaments, filaments, filament yarns, spinning fibers, etc., or as textile fabrics or fibrous fabrics. 47. Fiber composite material according to claim 46, characterized in that the pre-bonded reinforcing material is pre-cured with a binder. Process for the continuous preparation of multilayer presses based on fibrous composite material according to any one of claims 7 to 22 or according to any one of claims 30 to 47 of prepared fibrous composite material, characterized in that prefabricated strips of fleece made of natural fibers to which a binder is applied and are optionally provided with reinforcing and / or venting additives and, if appropriate, pre-concentrated, the cut being made according to the dimensions of the press to be prepared. A method according to claim 48, characterized in that the cuts of strips of fleece made of natural fibers are thus laid in three to six layers of one another so that the surface to which the binder is applied is followed by an unplated surface. A method according to claim 49, characterized in that the multi-layer natural fiber mats are pre-compacted over the entire surface via a rolling line or by flattening to about 50% of the final thickness of the material. 51. The method according to claims 49 to 50, characterized in that the multi-layer natural fiber mats in the pressing tool are permanently molded into presses when applied to the binder of the set temperature and pressure. For EMPE-WERKE Ernst Pelz GmbH & Co. KG KG: 22l66-IX-92 / LJ