SA97180006B1 - Method and apparatus for manufacturing an extruded plastic product - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION RELATES TO A METHOD AND AN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AN EXTRUDED PLASTIC PRODUCT, THE APPARATUS COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE ROTOR (1) AND AT LEAST ONE STATOR (2, 3) WITH A FEED GAP (4) PROVIDED BETWEEN THEM, A GROOVE (7) BEING SITUATED ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE FEED GAP (4), THE GROOVE PRESSING THE MATERIAL TO BE EXTRUDED OUT OF THE APPARATUS WHEN THE ROTOR (1) IS ROTATED. THE CROSS-SECTION OF THE GROOVE (7) REMAINS SUBSTANTIALLY UNCHANGED. AT THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE FEED GAP (4) THERE IS POSITIONED A COUNTERGROOVE (8) IN SUCH A WAY THAT A PROCESSING CAVITY CONSISTING OF THE GROOVES (7), THE COUNTERGROOVES (8) AND THE CLEARANCE BETWEEN THEM DECREASES AT LEAST PARTIALLY CONTINUOUSLY ALONG THE AXIS OF THE EXTRUDER. THE DEFORMATION ENERGY OF THE MATERIAL CAN THUS BE KEPT AS SMALLAS POSSIBLE DUE TO THE UNCHANGING CROSS-SECTION OF THE GROOVE (7), AND THE MATERIAL STAYS IN THE GROOVE (7) DUE TO THE PLACEMENT OF THE FLIGHTS (7A, 8A). THE MATERIAL IS MADE TO MOVE ROTATABLY, WHICH ENABLES THE MANUFACTURE OF A LAMINAR PLASTIC PRODUCT (11). FURTHER, MATERIALS THAT WOULD OTHERWISE BE DIFFICULT TO PROCESS CAN ALSO BE EXTRUDED EFFECTIVELY.(FIG. 1)

Description

x — Method and apparatus for making an extruded plastic product Full description BACKGROUND:- The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the manufacture of extruded products; Leds charge the material to be extruded in powder form; in the form of pills or granules; using one or more means of supply; Inside an extruder that includes at least one rotating part© and at least one stator and a gap for feeding or charging between them. Cavities in the rotating part are on one side of the feeding gap to compress the material to be Leyed or formed by extrusion outside the device when the rotating part rotates where there is In the stator there are counter-grooves on the other side of the feed gap at a distance from the feed gap; The threading of the counter-grooves is in the opposite direction of the thread of the cavities.

01 It is difficult, lan, to process plastic materials, which have a high iia weight, by means of a traditional extruder (extruder) consisting of a long screw and a cylinder, so the output of the extruder remains small, as the temperature rises very easily as a result of the heat generated from friction. Among the polymers that are difficult to process, for example, are fluoroplastic and polyethylene, which have a molar mass and a large molecular weight of more than 000001.

Vo g/mol In very hard plastics it is also more than 0000010 g/mol. There are a number of similar materials that are difficult to process and have a high molecular weight, so the melting flow rate is low, the melting point is high, and in some cases the cure rate is poor. In other words, for example, the decomposition temperature of plastic is close to its melting point.

7 Adee extrusion is difficult, especially at low temperatures, when the extrusion temperature maintains only twelve degrees above the melting point of the crystal. Meaning, AT, that the temperature is approximately from “+0” to 40, then lower than normal

net

cm so that the optional interactive components do not react prematurely. This situation is particularly common when producing pipes of the chemically cross-linked type. And there are problems. Others occur since there are five different related functions that depend on the movement of the screw and it operates on the same axis as well as on the same Ae ju rotation; Feeding «glean SY] Mixing 0 Homogenization and pressure generation. In a conventional extruder is a long screw and the ratio of screw length to drop is usually about 70 to ye; and the screw comprises one and sometimes two or three threads. The bore of the screw has been divided into different sections by varying the cross-section of the cavity in the screw and in this way the threads are usually dark and set at long intervals from one another in the section in which the supply takes place; The cross-section remains constant all the way through the melting zone, but in general it is much larger at the outlet end. Thus, the material does not flow easily through the cavity and peripheral suffocation, which causes an increase in heat caused by friction. In the mixing region sale the cavity often has its own geometry; At tip 1 the bore becomes more diminutive and pressure generation begins. With this compression it is possible to compress AES through a sophisticated tool. On the other hand; The overall length of the cavity around the screw of a conventional extruder is very long and in this case the ratio of the length of the cavity to its cross section is very large and therefore it is not entirely suitable for poor flowing plastics. US Patent No. 30610108 describes an extrusion apparatus comprising a conical rotor 0 and conical stators located on the outside and inside of the rotor. The rotor includes flat, rectangular cavities to press the material to be extruded out of the extruder by rotating the rotor. However, it will be difficult to process easily moldable materials with the aforementioned device. ey

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General description of the invention: - US Patent No. 477047 shows an extrusion device comprising several conical stent parts and several conical rotors placed between them. The rotating parts and/or the stator parts are equipped with small dome-shaped recesses for compressing the material to be extruded out of the machine.

Extrusion at rotating cycles. It is possible, by means of the device, to manufacture useful multi-layered plastic pipes (Jam), but the processing of materials is not easy in practice, as it causes a problem. Also, the mold pressure is generated in the device at the outlet end, noting that the device is completely sufficient. Also, the material to be extruded melts with the heat that is supplied from the outside, so it is difficult to control the temperature

0 and the energy consumption is relatively large.

US Patent No. 597,877 states that the extruder comprises a long screw with threads and a stator placed outside the screw with similar hand threads. Lg all manual oblique stator produces backflow; As the material is mixed, the amount of heat generated by friction easily rises to a loose stage. Yo German Patent No. YOOAYYA indicates an extruder with a mixing area at the end of which there are either corresponding hand grooves; reverse or direct. This machine mixes the material very efficiently. But it can never be applied in devices where the material temperature is too efficient. But it can never be applied in devices where the temperature of the material must be precisely controlled. As the amount of heat produced by friction increases a lot easily.

Y. US Patent No. FYI shows YVAY extruder with spaced feeding area. After feeding area the material is pumped into restricted area. Later the mass is pumped resulting in extrusion through the outlet. The installation of the device is very complicated. And the installation of the device causes very high friction and causes high extrusion pressure near the outlet, so the output of the device is very SLB.

EP No. cand 117808649 shows multilayer extruded © layers made of cross-linked polyethylene. The first step involves the swallowtail Nt

This is the middle layer of the tube, and then the middle layer is covered with leather. Whereas, the skins are only used to improve the flow characteristics of the tube when the tube is passed through a heat tool. A particular drawback to the device is that it needs a tool that has spider legs because spider legs cause weld lines. ° showing US Patents Nos. 41,914,584 and 47,177,197; for buoyant devices with cylindrical inlet and exit zones and transition zones arranged there between several recesses in the rotor and in the barrels; The rotor and barrel have low cross-sections. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for the process of converting poor materials with relative ease into plastic products with excellent properties. Ve accordingly; The present invention provides a method as defined in claim 1 and a device defined in claim 11 separately. Preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the appended claims. The basic idea of the invention is that the material being extruded into the processing cavity consists of rotor and stator cavities and a space between them; Thus, the cross-section of the rotor bores becomes completely unchanged along the rotor and the size of the cavity is partially reduced in the axial direction; Thus, the material is pushed in the axial direction to a position with a smaller cross-section, and thus we find that the heat generated from the shear melts the material, at least Lia; This results in an increase in pressure at a distance before the tip of the device. Also, it is important in this invention that the plastic can be processed to a small extent at the mouth of the GUY apparatus, and if there are no heat means, the mass flow contains particles that do not completely melt. For example in polyethylene these molecules are visible as the luminous particles in the translucent mass. According to the tests done (gal), the non-fused parts do not impair the properties of the product in any case. It is much preferred that at least one part of the counter-socket group YO aligns with each group of holes on the AY side of the nutrition gap and in

In this case the corresponding recesses are narrower than the groups between the recesses prepared on the other side of the feeding vacuole; In a preferred embodiment the width of the counter-recesses is approximately F = .75 less than the recesses on the other side of the feed-slit. Another preferred embodiment is that the counter-cavity is approximately equal to the half-mile cavity on the other side of the feed gap. In a third preferred embodiment the size of the counter cavity or the size of the process cavity is varied in such a way that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the initial part of the cavity to the cross-sectional area of the final part (Call) is approximately equal to the ratio of the solid mass density to the bulk density of the mass to be extruded. In a fourth preferred embodiment, we find that the feed gap is annular and decreases uniformly in diameter; In other words, it has the shape of 0 conical at least some distance from its length. Therefore, the diameter of the feeding gap at the end where the material is fed is greater than the diameter near the end of the material outlet; The ratio of the diameter of the cross section of the cone to the diameter of the narrow section is approximately equal to the ratio of the solid mass density of the material to be extruded to most mass density. In a fifth preferred embodiment is that the material supply bore has a cross-section that is either perfectly or semicircular. Also, the ratio of extrusion screw length to large diameter screw 5 ge is preferred to be equal to 1 and less than 10; eg. It is preferred that the ratio of the cylindrical extruder be between ? and 6. Also, in an extruder in a previous field, the ratio of the length of the screw bore to the cross-sectional area of the cavity is more than −1 Yo) J since the device according to the invention, the ratio of the bore length to the cross-sectional area of the cavity is less than 1/10 mm. Ve and this invention has the advantage that the melting and homogeneity of the mass requires forming energy as little as possible and when the pressure rises high enough at a relatively early stage, the output of the device can be completely improved and it is possible to set the theoretical output of the extrusion device indicating the ideal amount of material and accordingly the The device produces when the rotor rotates one cycle. In previous devices, the actual yield is few Lobes with respect to the theoretical maximum deny Yo to about 01 to V0 by the current device, it is possible to obtain a high output

a

by 750 of the theoretical upper limit product using anti-cavities and reducing the cross-sectional surface of the cavity. Do not change the cross-section of the cavity carrying the melt does not change

plastic away from the bore area even at the last section of the bore. when there is a counter cavity on the other side of the feed gap; The © group between the supply cavities can be wide. Lay that the counter cavities rule the material to be extruded. Therefore, it travels efficiently forward in the device, in other words, the amount of energy lost is completely reduced. When the escaping portions of the counter-cavities are positioned in a manner similar to the escaping portions of the recesses at the other side of the feed gap, backflow is efficiently prevented and the material is circulated immediately with benefit. by means of a device provided with a geometric 0 screw shape according to the invention; Blocks that are difficult to process can be well extruded. It is possible to process, for example, crosslinked polyethylene having a molecular weight greater than felon Yoyo mol and in hard plastics higher than Tonnes haram/mol. Also with these materials the output of the device can be set eg more than 0 kg/h. While the output of a conventional piston (ram) extruder for example is about Yo NO kg/h approx. When making the counter bores, the processor size or the feed gap change in a ratio equal to the solid mass density of the material to be extruded to the bulk density of the material; It is possible to prevent air from passing with the mass flow. Also, overfeeding will not lead to such excessive pressures, which in traditional machines lead to breaking or at least running out of the metal collar. The flow of material into a triangular or semi-circular cavity is quite easy as the 0_ temperature slope is small and the circular motion of the material within the cross-section of the cavity is very effective. With a conical screw, it is possible to shorten the overall length of the screw bore in order to reduce the amount of heat generated by the friction generated by the flow. Also the conical screw surface being approximately 0 75 larger than that of a conventional cylindrical extrusion screw has an equal yield. This is very useful for mastering the need for cooling or heating. When equipped with a single round yo screw with counter recesses; As a result, the extruder needs cooling in the feeding area

- For excessive pressure and friction. An important improvement over the current machine is that no additional cooling is required and the operation is very stable and compact. No overcooling (cooling fans) required in the machine barrel. Despite getting very high outputs. a Brief description of the drawings:- 0 Fig. 1: A schematic drawing showing a cross-section view of a device according to the invention. Figure ?: A schematic drawing showing a cross-section view of another device according to the invention. Fig. *: Shows the detail of the device shown in Fig. 1. Fig. ;: A schematic drawing showing a view of a cross-section of a third device according to the invention. Fig. to is a side view of a part of the rotor of an apparatus according to the invention. 0 Fig. 1: A cross-section view of a part of the rotor shown in Fig. 0 Fig. “: A schematic drawing showing the movement of the material inside the rotor cavity. Fig. A. A schematic diagram showing from an inclined direction a cross-section of a plastic tube made with a device according to the invention. Fig. 14 A schematic diagram showing a side view of a rotating device according to the invention VO Fig. 01: a schematic diagram showing the pressure function of a device according to the invention Fig. 11: a schematic diagram showing a cross-section view of a device according to the invention Fig. Y) 1 A schematic drawing showing a cross-sectional view of another device according to the invention Detailed description:- Fig. 1 shows an extrusion apparatus comprising a conical rotor capable of being rotated 1; an external conical Yo-stator located outside the rotor and a conical jab stator placed Jala Rotor. Shows rotor 1 and stators 1 and ©” There are feed gaps; narrow or conical back. Feed gaps; shown in Fig. 1 are considerably wider than they really are for the sake of clarity. Rotor rotates By means of turning © in a way known by itself. The device Lad includes 6 supply means for supplying the material to be extruded into the gap of the feeding Yo. The device includes several +7 supply means and in this way the material can be supplied

and - for the desired portion of the feed gap eg for the purposes of a portion of the rotor or for the narrowest portion of the rotor nearest the outlet end. There may also be more than one supply in the circumferential direction. The problem with a conventional extruder is that it is only ideal for one type of material and one output. For example, Jal, when the 0 device was designed for powder and used for granules, the output was clearly reduced, as it is at least 7 + 0, but it is usually as much as Jou in terms of cs AY) If the screw is designed for an output of 500 kg / h, it works In a very bad way if the extrusion rate remains at 7080 kg/h. The apparatus according to the invention includes several means of dad due to the fact that the density of most of the plastic to be extruded is greater than 0 density than that for which the screw 0 is designed. Where the means of supply are placed closer to the end of the outlet. The rotor includes cavities oF meaning GAT The screw retracts causing the material to be extruded out of the extruder when the rotor rotates 1 on the other side of the feed gap; There are consonants in 1 and ? Counter-A Cavities Counter-A Cavities facilitate the slitting of practicable Yo bad materials through the extruder. The threads of the counter-grooves A worked in the opposite direction of the grooves 17 in the rotor 1. When the counter-grooves A were placed in the feed and shear zone; They create additional friction as the pellet or powder to be fed touches the counter bores 4. This is desirable at the beginning of material processing. After the counter-cavities feed-in zone A judges the material to be extruded in such a way that it is directed efficiently forward in the extruder Yo. Therefore, the counter-cavities reduce the amount of energy lost and make the material flow efficiently without any increase in temperature. If the material to be extruded does not stick to the soft stator, for example, as a result of the movement of friction, then the material can easily flow through the extruder even at low temperature through anti-cavities 8. It is possible to provide a suitable stage for friction by choosing the correct coating agents YO for the rotor the resting part; The stator is preferably coated with nanoceramic coating materials or on Nit

L.L

For example, Synthetic diamond (DLC) rotors are preferably coated with a low-friction material such as Chrome-PTFE-Plating, i.e. blacknitration, as described in European patent application 160778601. When the device is provided with the above-mentioned beneficial coating, it will have excellent abrasion resistance. . © Therefore, the softer material conducts heat better; For example, beryllium bronze has the ability to conduct heat more than © times compared to a metal tool that can be used in the rotor and/or in the stator. If the device is conical in shape, the short structure of the device will provide the advantage that heat can be efficiently conducted from the outlet end of the device to the cooled space in the primary zone where Ve the device can be cooled to prevent melting of the material too early. In this Alla mass flow with temperature inclination can be more advantageous than conventional extruder. The conical shape is also advantageous since the ratio of the screw's length to its larger diameter is advantageous in such a way that the fastener is equipped with couplings enabling it to be made strong by placing the coupling arrangement for example in the widest part of the extruder and here the screw does not exhibit large tilts. So; 0. For example, metal-to-metal connections prevent LS, which is a condition not found in a conventional roller extruder. For plastics with a high molecular weight; The seam is the weak point. Therefore, this screw has an inner hole which provides the possibility to increase the strength of the product obviously as the tool can be attached to the frame of the extruder without spider legs. 1 SEY shows spindle 01 with the thread open within an inner stator © and that is supported by the inner stator 7. In this way the spindle 01 remains secure in place even if no spider legs are used; The material can be fed to spindle 01 without being divided into any part of the extruder. In this method especially since the unfused particles are allowed to embed outside the tool the spider legs will cause very weak wrinkles. :

The cross-section of the bores 7 in rotor 1 remains substantially unchanged from the feeding area to the screw end. In this way the forming energy is consumed by melting and the homogeneity of the material is kept as small as possible. In the apparatus according to the invention, the pressure of the material to be extruded is preferred to be generated at the beginning of the shear zone, after which it remains at a completely constant level. If the diameter of the rotor at its maximum is, for example, 5060 mm and at the minimum is Yoo mm, then the rotor includes approximately about a cavity of width > mm. The output of this machine is about ≈4 kg/h. It is very surprising that the output and quality of the extruded material can be kept good in a variety of materials. It can be said that the conical extruder includes several conventional 0 cylindrical extruders connected in parallel. In this case; The flow can be better controlled. It was found in the tests that the difference in the dwell time of the material is less than the normal GH sll and this is especially important in reactive extrusion where for example peroxide has been mixed with plastic and the dwell time of the material must be short and the distribution must be narrow to prevent cross-linking within extrusion device. Also, such small gaps provide No guidance for particles in the direction of the cavity, and then the friction of the material in the cavity decreases. Also, the contact surface between the plastic device is large and the heat exchange is very efficient. For example at the average dwell time of a conventional extruder; The heat transfer surface by which the plastic becomes bonded in a conical device is more than doubled in good design condition. This means that the temperature of hard-to-process plastics can be controlled very effectively by means of cooling and heating. when the apparatus according to the invention is used to process a material; The density of the material changes as it passes from the feed to the tip of the screw. This is due to the fact that the material that is supplied to the device is often in the form of powder or granules and the density is then from Yo to 77850 usually from the density of the solid. Therefore the porosity of the product and the usually low yield cus Yo are problems. Since the device shown in Figure 1 has a conical shape, so the +

The circumferential velocity of the rotor 1 changes so that it is high in the feed region close to the output nozzle. The ratio of the diameter of the rotor in the initial region to the diameter in the end region preferably equals the ratio of the density of the solid mass of the material to be extruded to the bulk of the material. In other words, the initial section of rotor 1 has a diameter from 1.75 to © times greater than the diameter of the end section of rotor 1, and the much preferred ratio is about ?. if the device is not conical; Almost a similar effect as mentioned in the previous paragraph can be available so that the cross-sectional size of the counter-cavities A changes between the last and initial regions of the device, and thus the ratio of the cross-section of the beginning of the counter-cavities A to the ratio of the cross-section of the end of the counter-cavities is approximately equal 0 The ratio of the density of the solid mass of the material to be extruded to the bulk density of the material. in devices according to the invention; The feeding area in the axial direction is as wide as the diameter of the feeding hole. It can be determined in the axial direction by measuring by a pressure sensor when the cavity is filled with material. After the shearing zone, there is the homogenizing and mixing zone, which runs the length of the instrument. A separate stress increasing region is not required since the VO of the material is fused in the shear region to a small extent and the pressure is increased immediately. And the device can create pressure equal to the lost pressure of the tool in the cutting area. After the shear zone, the direction of the anti-cavities (cA) changes, meaning AT. The cavities are similar manually, thus increasing the mixing effect. The device in this space can be either conical or cylindrical. Also, the opposite surface can be provided in this area 0 for example with hemispherical rolled slits which improve the tightness as shown in the international patent application PCT/FI9600658 It was found in the tests carried out that the conventional extruder; which for example has recesses directly in the feeding area; Overfeeding is done easily; Therefore, the pressure can be measured at a height of 100 bar from the device. In the invention, it is possible to reduce the volume of the treated Yo while reducing the shear rate, which results in the rapid formation of a plug consisting of material and particles.

dsl

Partially not fused. Therefore, the material must flow faster out of the cavity; Since the cross-section of the cavity is preferably constant; The material can flow very quickly and efficiently out of the machine. And not very high pressure inside the device. It has been found in tests that it is nearly possible to create stresses which lead to machine breakage or non-critical rotation in an apparatus according to the invention. Also, since the overall distance is short in the extruder according to the invention, the counter pressure cannot rise. As a consequence when the rotational speed is increased it is possible ont a decrease in the temperature of the material; In the sense of AT, the machine provides a very wide processing window, especially for the purpose of cross-linking, as the range of possible rotational speeds to create a constant counterpressure by changing screw ratios and forced feeding is quite wide.

01 Fig. ¥ showing a side view of a cross-section of the details of another device according to the invention and the figures indicated in Fig. ? Corresponding to that in Figure 1. We find that the group TA placed between the anti-gaps A is designed to be located substantially everywhere in the ola) feeding gap meaning AT for example in the form of Y In the direction of arrow A at least part of group TA of anti-holes A aligns with every other group V

TV in this case the back flow can reach after group 1 a for rotor bores Vo at most. 1 for rotor bore

The form ¥ shows for example; A material to be extruded in the upper cavities, and they represent the shear zone where a small part of the plastic material is melted by means of shear force; And the pressure increases immediately. The goal is to melt as quickly as possible; by means of force

0 friction; Only an amount of the substance is sufficient to raise the pressure; occur rapidly when the material is compressed; At least it's melted to the surface. Surprisingly, the amount of molten matter should be in the range of about 701. The recess placed near number 1 is filled with dry powder and there will be no indication of pressure. In terms of os AY) the cavity positioned near the number 1 is filled with powdered granules and some molten plastic

Yo is enough to generate pressure. The particular aim of the invention is that the pressure is generated very early

Cys in the coil and since that pressure is high enough to overcome the lack of pressure cio on the tool. and much further in the direction of the spiral; The material is carried very quickly through the cavity. “0” and the numbers referred to in Figure 1. It shows details of the device in the form iY and Figure ?. The feeding gap appears; wider than the truth and that 1 corresponding to that in the form of ©

TV is less than the width « of the set set A for the purpose of illustration. And that the width of the cavities, despite the narrow dla Af, thus prevents back flow with good efficiency. On the LY between the cavities, it helps the material to be extruded efficiently to move forward in the form of A anti-cavities approximately 750 less than the 0 to A extruder. The width of the counter-recesses is preferably 17 in the opposite direction of the thread A. of the width © of the recesses 7. The counter-recesses are 0 to 48" m; the preferred is often approximately 1 of the slope of the counter-recesses A. 1. In the rotor, that cavity Ca if the inclination 1. Half the inclination opposite the grooves 7 in the direct rotor improves the forward supply of the material during normal use of the material. The device of the invention may be used as a plastic unit for compressing Injected and when preventing the forward flow of the material into the device is still able to 1 injection tip for example by using 1800 m rotor 1 continuous rotation as the material to be melted can flow backward in the device along the direct bores and compress the material It is not raised too much at the end of the outputs outlet. 01 of the device. in absolute terms; The appropriate inclinations for the counter cavities vary between? to

A in the rotor 1 preferably greater than the number of cavities A and the number of anti-rotor cavities as it is V and it has been found in the tests that when the cross-section of the cavities remains 0 there will be no material to extrude between the stator and set 7a placed between the recesses 1,4 mm. Although the recess is large enough for example, it is preferable to be triangular in such a way that one side of it 17 the cross-section of the recesses is axial in direction and the other side is perpendicular them as shown in Fig. The material flows easily and the temperature tendencies are smaller in the triangular shaped cavity. at YO nit

1 - - bore; Matter ALU flows and circulates at once; This modified rotating flow reduces Lad loose formation from heat generated by friction. Assembly 7a placed between recesses 7 in rotor 1 can be sloped in such a way that the gap between rotor 1 and the stator? greater than the leading edge © of the TV group than the trailing edge of the group 7a. Group 7a was subjected to compression as the axial flow was insignificant. The preferred embodiment design of the cavity assemblies is contained in a related application which is presented by Finnish patent application 11964988. fig.; Side view of a cross-section of another device according to the invention. The numbers denoted 0 in the form £ correspond to those in the form 1 and the LY form ; shows only one feeding gap; Out Where is the stator? And inside where the roundabout is located 1. And for clarification; the figure does not show the means of supply; Rotor Rotation Means Yoo) Rotor front recesses 1 include conical screw 4 rotating by means of © rotation. and the tip of the feeding gap; be tubular. After screw 4 it is possible to have a guiding mandrel 01 where the product 11 to be extruded expands; This enables the production of oriented products 11. When manufacturing normal non-orientated products 11, the cross-section does not naturally change. The product 11 to be extruded could be for example a plastic tube, film or wire sheath. The conical rotor 1 is easy to move in the axial direction, thus clearing the feed gap -; It can be set without difficulty. By adjusting the winding, it is possible to control the output Ys, the pressure capacity generated by the device, and the amount of heat generated by friction without changing the rotational speed of the rotor. It is possible to move the screw 9 in the axial direction, so that the device can be easily converted into a syringe pressure. output ordinary piston extruder Lu jis about ©kg/h; Whereas, a device according to the invention easily provides an output exceeding 100 kg/hr. When the length of the cylindrical screw varies in the axial direction; It is easy to optimize YO just the level of pressure required to compress the block through the tool. Screw 9 and guide spindle 01

-11- They may have associated channels and small openings through which lubricating oils and/or cooling agents can be supplied in this case; Lubrication may take place in the molten plastic device and cooling for example in the last section of the tool may be done by another medium.

8 After the extruder nozzle out of product 11, it is possible to have a VY heat tool working with oil or electricity; For example, in order to obtain the cross-linking, it is preferable that the part 11 be made of quartz glass, so that the part VY becomes transparent, and it is possible to use infrared heating for the cross-linking, as shown in the application for an accessory known by the calla patent International 01169 PCT/SF/Degree

0 heat of output and time of presence of the material in the heater; In other words, dwell time; It can be set for example by designing the heating tool with a length that helps the material to be heated sufficiently and with the transition, eg Lad. The temperature of the tool and the dwell time of the material are set to such a level that most parts of the material coming out are uniform.

The aim of such a device, Cus, is that the formation energy J is small and that the mass Ve of the plastic particles does not have to fuse dS, but the action of friction settles at a level where the particles are bonded from the surface. So it is possible to make ABS clearly unmolten particles pass through the extruder which does not include heating means. This process calls for continuous concentration especially when curing Lae bonded polyethylene with molecular weight Je at low temperature; meaning GAT for example in the range from 140 Ye to “VAL” where the peroxide does not react in a reasonable time the unmolten particles are insignificant Fo properties of the final product; anyway; Where, according to the invention, the extruder is connected to a thermal unit where the temperature of the mass rises rapidly to, for example, 0075 °C; where the unfused particles are completely melted; in another meaning. Sal flows uniformly at the tip and peroxide decomposes quickly.

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As stated above; It is highly preferred in this process to support the spindle 01 without spider legs as in this case the material flow to it can be extruded at any stage. 3 in case; The use of a long mandrel 01 creates problems in controlling the tolerance of the wall and the centrality of the mandrel. For example, a wall with a thickness of about 10 mm in a tube with a diameter of 01 mm requires o a heating tool more than *m in length in this case; Spindle 01 bends easily and center position cannot be obtained; This ASA can be solved by providing a VE torsion bar in

Spindle tip 01 has a smaller diameter than the largest diameter of spindle 01 to reduce friction. At the end of the torsion bar 4 there is a plug 0 made of a very slippery material such as ethylene 001716020010 in the part placed opposite the output VY) so that the plug 11

0 slides against the inner wall of the output 11 at the extension of the "Ye" plug eg to the front of the coolant 11 or even to the puller 17 if desired; The stopper 11 is settling

Against a wall that was put up on the spot. In this case; The centering of the spindle 01 in a fluid area can be easily adjusted to the exact correct position. For example, by deflecting the axial position of the dragline 117, the long torsion bar VE flexes

1 _ The spindle 01 is thus centered in the correct position.

Fig. so is a side view of a part of the rotor in an apparatus according to the invention. indicated numbers

to it in the form of © corresponding to those in Figs 1 and 4. Fig. 0 shows the rotor 1 in the area of the material feeding area. In the case shown in Figure 0 the material to be extruded is fed by one feed both outside and inside the rotor 1 at the feeds; Vertigo

1 0 includes 1" feed slots through which material may flow from the feed to the front of the rotor. The edges of the feed slots are provided with 1" bevel angles in such a way that each corner

Inclined yy directed to the outer perimeter of the rotor and all others towards the inner perimeter. As rotor 1 rotates the material thus given moves through each singe slot 1 further out of rotor 1 and through another slot inward. this way; Oblique angles 11” a include

+

M1 - The material that will be given is distributed both inside and outside Roundabout 1. In the form of the slanted Lolo 11a, which directs the material to the inside of Roundabout 1, illustrated by broken lines. Fig. +1 A cross-section view of part of the rotor shown in Fig. 0. The figures indicated in Fig. 1 correspond to those in Figs. 1 through #. Feeding Means © Highly favored screw feeding force which provides high enough pressure in the material to be fed when it moves to the extruder. By using the screw feeding force means and directing the bevel angles 1”a of the feeding holes 1” sequentially towards the outside and inside of the rotor 1. It is guaranteed that there is sufficient amount of material to be extruded into the bores 7; Which guarantees the efficiency and output of the extruder. Figure 6” shows in broken line the oblique angle that guides the material into the 1” 0 feed slot placed next to the cross-sectional point. Naturally, it is not important to provide a hole in the places where the inclined angle 1”a is directed towards the outer circumference of the rotor 1. But it is sufficient that there are recesses in this place through which the material flows into the recesses outside the rotor. Fig. V Cross-sectional view of the rotor cavity 1 In the case shown in Fig. V V0 cross-sectional view of a perfectly semicircular cavity as a result of the placement of the TV-sections of the rotor recesses according to the invention and the +A-sections of the counter-recesses + the material to be extruded It stays in the V cavity efficiently and thus moves in a rotary manner. The semi-circular shape shown in Figure 7 is very useful for rotational motion. The rotational motion of the material is shown by arrows in Fig. 7. The cross-section shape of the triangle shown in Fig. “ of sal Ye material is also useful; In other words, 0 the material has been provided with a corresponding rotational movement as shown in Figure 7 with arrows. the rotary flux in the screw bore created by friction against the cylinder of a conventional slotting device; It creates a large temperature slope in the cavity which is an unbalanced temperature and is harmful in two ways: Nt

-1and-

YJ distributes the extrusion of temperature sensitive agents as it is evident when the actual temperature eg 00;C is higher than the set temperature of the extruder; eg in crosslinked polyethylene Alls the result is a block with bound areas On the other hand, the presence of an uneven temperature makes processing more difficult, as most plastics readily change their viscosity as a function of temperature. In the range of polyethylene shear rate, an increase of 10 ºC in temperature reduces the supply of the cavity in a triangular or semicircular shape, the material flows more easily and the temperature tendencies are smaller. The improved ye circulation flow is important to reduce the non-Saal generation of heat due to friction. The distance between the edges of the screw cavity in a conventional extruder is approximately equal to the diameter of the screw; This results in an aspect ratio of more than 10 for the bore of more than 10 for the screw bore. at any rate; when processing high molecular weight plastics; the formation energy should be as small as possible; In other words, AT, the heat generated by friction 1 should be as low as possible. It is assumed that it is more difficult to make matter flow in a cyclic manner in a small cavity for example a semicircular cavity; and a triangle. The ball ratio of cavity width to depth is preferably between 7 and 7 for a conical notch device if used.

Rectangular grooves. Fig. A Sectional view of a product made by means of a device according to the invention where the rotary flow 0 in a screw cavity according to the invention is das easy. There are two benefits: the total friction between the stator and the rotor is much smaller than expected; It is partly a consequence of the counter-cavities and also of the flowing material and the circuit is provided with a lamellar structure; in another meaning. The rod-like material passing into the cavity is similar to a sheet wound in a roll. This results in a plastic tube as shown in figure A for example; Tube section showing dozens of YO -_ transversal bands resulting from circulating flow in the bore more than 500 layers

4

Cy. For example. Laminated cae££ fittings can be set from a wall of preferred thickness shown by thin lines in Fig. 8. This laminated installation provides values of 1 laminated plastic pipe gle to 770 out of 1 with considerably good effect. And improved permeability values, especially if it is added to a plastic mold to be extruded. Laminated compounding, such as polyamide or LCP, is available more easily when the plastic mold does not mix with the plastic sealer, but they have good mutual adhesion. And it was discovered that the plastic sealant has a greater viscosity preferred at the same temperature (under the name aliphatic polyketone). Among the polypropylene of 711 manufactured, for example, by extruding a type that includes A in the form of polyethylene | 0 low molecular weight azo or peroxide compounds when using unacceptable-tasting A compounds and/or an odor that forms within the plastic and migrates to polyethylene surfaces.During conventional manufacturing, the tube must be rinsed or heat treated before being used with foodstuffs.By means of the apparatus according to the invention it is possible to manufacture a cross-linked VO-polyplastic product. polyethylene layers, as the thick outer layer is made of plastic, and therefore the rest of the products resulting from the cross-linking abe and the inner layer of the product by the barrier layer. Jalal for the outer layer prevents from leaving to the surface in Led) A side view of the rotor of the device according to the invention, and the indicated figures sd Fig. 1 with a medium cavity 1 Rotor A to 1 Fig. 4 corresponding to those in figures from YS to "L" and it is perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotor. Intermediate cavity / “” Provides additional uniformity to the material to be extruded. At the intermediate cavity, the block can travel a few recesses in the radial direction before it is placed either in the 1 eV rotor and moves again to the recesses 7. The intermediate recess

A in the stator or in both. especially cylindrical rotor 1; Counter cavity size Yo

1 It is preferred to reduce to the middle bore /" It is preferable to place it in the axial direction of the extruder after the middle. It is best at a point where it is from the length of the device in the axial direction. The medium cavity (Cole 7) is steeper; it is easy to obtain the same output with a device where the slope remains constant, but when the slope is steeper the total amount of heat generated by friction can decrease with a decrease in the length of the grooves. The cross-section of the bores 7 remains substantially unchanged, but the expression (essentially unchanged) includes the case where the rotor and/or stator includes an intermediate bore '" where Ln is rearranged

Cad particles of matter to provide in the case shown in Figure 9; The shear zone extends into the middle cavity Ve

Chad) Mixing takes place in the middle cavity. "The cohesive homogeneity after the cavity." The pressure function of a device according to the invention is shown in a solid line and the pressure function Fig. 01 in conventional broken line. Point A represents the location of the nozzle of the device. No In the device according to the invention; the pressure increases inside the device at an early stage in the shear zone and at the end the pressure may decrease towards the nozzle. Figure 11: Corresponding to those in the previous figures. Each of the 11 figures referred to in the figure has the same section 1_ Rotor and stator; cylindrical in shape. Cavities 7 Rotor 0 0 8 Cross-section of the cavities 1. The transverse antipodes along the total length of the rotor extending approximately to A are decreasing each time. The counterpores Y located in the stator is in the middle of the device and preferably at the point that represents ?/1 the length of the device. of a cross-section of a part of an apparatus according to the invention. Figures (pila view 11: Fig. Foo and the stator parts ? 1 of the previous Figs. Rotor ALE VY indicated in Fig. Ye

Neg

A cone shaped. Roundabout 1 is designed in such a way that in its last segment the distance Ae Jal is between roundabout 1 and the parts ? And ? grow substantially larger than valvular in the first section eg in the first section; The empty space can be about 5 mm and at the end about 1 mm Lad 7 recesses and counter recesses A ends in the last section of the rotor © and the material flows only the large empty space mentioned above. In such Aled the speed of rotation of the rotor can be increased; As the shear rate in the last section affecting the material is low due to the large void space. The score then increases; In the sense of AT, it is possible to obtain a large result even with a small les as well; At the end, it is possible to provide a flat cutting jin, thus making it possible to maintain a good temperature of the 0 material, which is important in the processing of PEX, for example. This also makes it capable of beginning cross-linking in the extruder, if desired. With this assembly also you provide the product with a lamellar assembly which normally does not contain any of the oval parts shown in the form cA but is entirely lamellar. It is small when the force remains constant Also Ve The production capacity of the device can be quite greater when one end of the rotor is on another Low manufacturing costs It is preferable that the thinnest part of the rotor 1 be at least half the length of the rotor and it is more preferable that the section The stator's counter bores A are made to extend to the point where the rotor is narrowed; in other words, the clearance distance is increased. The purpose of narrowing the rotor may be for the purpose of generating direction; 0 and it is possible to include the rotor on openings through which the material may flow i.e. AT. The structure of the last section of the rotor may be suspected of that disclosed in the patent application PCT/F196/00261. The accompanying drawings and description are intended for illustrative purposes only. Details of the patent may change within the scope of the claims. Therefore, for example, Yo the change (cone) also includes parabola and hyperbola shapes or a combination where the syllable “ed”

Y y -— _ the initial has the shape of a tapering cone and the final section has the shape of a cylindrical one. clad The device includes several rotors and/or stators and also the location of the rotor outside the stator if desired.

Claims (1)

Claims 1-1 A method of manufacturing extruded materials using an extruder comprising at least one rotor (1) OY and at least one stator (? and oY) and a feed gap (£) between them; and grooves (V) Y is provided in the rotor (1) at one side of the feeding gap (;) to compress the material to be cut. ; . Outside the apparatus by rotation of the rotor (1) “the cross-section of the bores (V) does not completely change over the length of the rotor (1); counter bores (A) are provided in the stators (Y) and “) On the other side of the feeding gap (;) at least at a distance from the cipal gap thread A _ counter-grooves (A) in the opposite direction of the grooves thread oY) where the material to be Ley A is fed in powder form ; a grain or granules using one or more feeding means (6); 4 into a processing cavity consisting of the sizes of the recesses (7) in the rotor (1) and for counter recesses 0 (8) in the stators (7 and ©) and the distance The blank opin, since the cross-sectional area 11 of the processing cavity decreases at least Wie by continuing along the axis of the NY extrusion device, and since the rotational movement is relative to the parts (FY) ASL and the rotor (1), it is said That “0” the material is forced to continue along the axis -6, as the heat of friction resulting from the VE shear that melts part of the material is a basis consisting of unmolten particles and some other b melted around them; which allows the formation of a completely filled processing cavity at a certain cross-section at a distance from the end of the apparatus and where the pressure has risen to a level higher than that required 117 _ to push the material through a die later along the X-axis = method of claim 1; characterized by the volume of the processing cavity being less than The length of the “_Xo-axis at least to the tip of the shear zone exactly at the midpoint of the total length” of the rotor (1); preferably from Y/Y to Y/Y the length of the screw. — Y m 1 “- A method according to the oY claim is characterized by the fact that the size of the machining cavity after the shear zone Y remains constant or increases. 1 4- A method pursuant to any of the foregoing claims; It is characterized by the fact that the material consisting of 1" molten and non-molten particles homogenizes and mixes in section after the shear zone; however, the Y groove geometry is designed so that the shear rate is lower than the shear zone. 1 0—method according to claim 4; It is characterized by the fact that the pressure of the material after the shear zone does not exceed La". 1 +- method under any of the preceding claims; It is characterized by the fact that the flow rate of the material along the (V) bores is varied by forcing the material through an annular cavity (V) into a new Y set of spiral bores. 1 7- A method pursuant to any of the foregoing claims; It is characterized by the fact that the material to be extruded is cured to a small extent where the material flow includes at the outlet end of the extruder before there are appropriate means to heat the material; partly unmolten particles are attached to the surface during calcination; - continuous occurs in this method. 1 +- method under any of the preceding claims; It is characterized by cooling of the rotor (1) and/or the “_ stators (? and ©) in the feeding area so that the heat flow from the outlet end of the device does not melt the material too early. 1 +- method according to any of the elements The above protection is characterized by the fact that the temperature of the material inside the VF is higher than the temperature inside the extruder. EV (OY) A method of claim 8 is characterized by the temperature of the heating media -1 01" and the residence time of the material in the zone of action of the heating media (VY) being set such that the resulting material flow ?_ is for the most homogeneous fraction.- 11 1 A method according to any of the BL claims is distinguished in that there is a mandrel (01) in the middle of the product (VY) that will be extruded at the end where there is a torsion bar (14). * Done Focusing the spindle (01) by bending it in place using a torsion bar (V8), which rests on ; . Jalal surface of the product (11) which is laid down. -11 1 Apparatus for making an extruded plastic product; the apparatus comprises at least one Y rotor Jes (1) at least one stator (? and ©); feed gap (£) between them; and grooves (Y)-” are provided in the rotor (1) at one side of the feed gap (£) to compress the material a; extrude it out of the machine by rotating the rotor.) 1) The cross-section of the grooves (V) does not change completely over the length of the rotor (1); counter-grooves (A) are provided in stator 7 parts (Y) and ©) on the other side of the gap feed (;) at least at a distance from the feed 1 gap; counter-grooves thread (A) in opposite direction to the recesses thread (7); where there is a + shear zone after the feed zone; counter-grooves (A) done positioned exactly over the total length 4 of the shear zone; and since the cross-sectional area of the machining cavity consisting of 0 sizes of the recesses (7) in the rotor (1); for the recesses (A) in the stators (¥ and 1 ©) and the space between them; decreases at least partially continuously along the axis of the extruder. The “-1” 1 apparatus of claim VY is characterized by the rotating ole (1) and the stator parts (? and 3). “The shape is cylindrical and the cross-section of the counter-recesses (A) is reduced quite as far as the edge of the zone Y shear.-14 1 A device according to any of Claims 1 or 17 is characterized by the width of the anti-cavities (A) being less than the width of the groups (TY) between the cavities (7). 1#1 device pursuant to any of Clauses 11 to VE characterized by the width of the anti-recesses Y (A) being approximately 750 Fe smaller than the width of the recesses (Y) -11-1 device according to any of the claims 11 to 15 characterized by the slope of the anti-Y recesses (A) being approximately from 1 to 009©; preferably half the inclination of the recesses (VY) OY Preferably from ? to .*01 Sea -117 1 According to any of the protection elements VY or from VE to 11, it is characterized by the fact that the feeding gap is “conical at least at a section of Its length is such that the diameter of the feeding gap (;) at the YY end of the material supply direction is greater than its diameter near the outlet end of the material; and the ratio of the diameter of the widest part of the cone to the diameter of the narrowest part is approximately equal to the ratio of the solid mass density of the material to be extruded to the bulk density . TVA) A device of claim 117 characterized in that the material may be supplied to the feed gap ¥ (¢) by several means of supply (76) located varyingly in the axial and/or circumferential direction ¥ of the device. — YA — 11-1 A device according to any of the elements of protection 117 or 18 is distinguished in that the ratio of the width of the cavities “(”) to the depth is between ? And . 701-1 is a device according to Clauses 11 to 149 characterized by (V) recesses having a perfectly semicircular Y cross section. -71 1 Gab device for protection elements 11 to 19 characterized by the recesses (V) having a cross-section Y, triangular, la (V) is distinguished in that at least some of the recesses of 71 apparatus of claim 77-1 (? and “) are ASL and parts (1) are inclined so that the blank space between the rotors is Y 0 is larger at the leading edge (7) characterized by the presence of an external stator YY to 11 according to the claims of les “?-1 (6) and inside that an internal stator (©); the material is supplied with the same means of supply (1) outside of the rotor Y at oblique angles ( 1 9 in both inside and outside the rotor ) \ ( ' rotor ) \ (includes feed gaps through every other feed gap (©); (1) (a) designed to supply material outside the rotor (11 SoA); and inside the rotor through each gap (© 1 74- A device according to Claims 11 to 77 that is distinguished in that the material is supplied to the feed Y gap (£) by means of dad (1), which is the force of the screw feed. 1 ©*?- A device according to the protection elements from 11 to YE. It is distinguished in that the rotor (1) and the “_ stator parts (¥ and “) are coated with a very used resistant vacuum coefficient, and the material from which it is made has a thermal conductivity of 7 Better than 31 metal. : Net — 5 7 __ YT) A device according to any of the claims from 17 to YO is distinguished in that the X-cutting area has grooves (Y) in the rotor (1) and grooves (A) in Stators (YY) are underlined ¥ manually.