SA95150616B1 - Body fluid absorbents having good wettability and relatively high concentration of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract: The present invention relates to absorbent members useful for containing body fluids such as urine, having at least one zone having a hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer in a concentration of about 60 to 100% by weight and providing a continuous gel transition zone in swollen condition. This absorbent polymer is a hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer. a) an SFC value of at least about 30 x 10-7 cm3 sec/g; b) a PUP value of at least about 23 g/g at a specific pressure of 0.7 psi (5 kPa); c) Basic weight at least about 10 gsm. In addition, the region where this hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer is located has, even when subject to normal conditions of use, sufficient wettability so that the continuous gel substantially retains its ability to acquire and transport body fluids through the continuous gel region.

Description

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Absorbents for body fluids having good wettability and a relatively high concentration of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer Full description Background of the invention Urine and menstruation having good wettability Jie This application relates to absorbents for body fluids with good wettability . This application also relates to absorbent members that have at least one region having a relatively high concentration of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer Jali. The development of members with high absorbent capacity for use as disposable diapers with gasket ends. Adult incontinence pads and menstrual products such as sanitary napkins are an item of real commercial importance. Thinness is a highly desirable characteristic of these products; Example; The diapers are one size to wear; Fits better under clothes and is less noticeable. In addition, JH is thin, which makes it easier for the consumer to carry and store the diapers. Compressing in the “Dall” so they can be compressed into 0 packaging also leads to lower distribution costs for the manufacturer and distributor including less storage space per unit diaper. The ability to provide thin absorbents such as diapers depends on the ability to Relatively thin or formulations that can acquire and store large amounts of absorbent core from excreted body fluids; Especially urine. about this; The use of some vo polymers referred to as "hydrogel"; “strong absorbents” or absorbent polymers (FRAG) oF eg; US Patent No. lal “hydrocolloid” of particular interest (NAVY Patent Jun 11 et al.); Published in Harper (U.S. Pat. No. 3699103 Published “Harmon” (Harmon U.S. Pat. No. 3770731 79/709771) Special U.S. Patent No. (hereinafter) polymers that use these NAVY Polymers unites Yo.V in 'hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers' in sorbents. Certainly, the evolution of thin diapers is the direct result of thin absorbent cores that have the ability to These a all hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers US Patent No. 42774507 are typical when used with fibrous tissue. See; Yo

S U.S.

Pat.

No. 4673402 (Weisman et al.) published June 11, 1949 US Patent No. 5978677 4935022 U.S.

Pat.

No. (Lash et al.) posted Jun 19; 19400 demonstrating structures with a bilayer core of fibrous tissue and hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers used in the design of a thin, compressed, low-volume diaper. a

Before using these chydrogel-forming absorbent polymers, it was usual to form absorbent structures; The compositions suitable for use in baby diapers are made entirely of wood pulp fluff. Given the quantity

Relatively few for wood pulp absorbent fluids per gram of absorbent fluid per gram ce

0 lumber; It became necessary to use large amounts of wood pulp fluff. Which calls for the use of thick absorbent formulations of relatively large size. The presence of these hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer (llll) in these formulations led to

To use less wood pulp fluff. These hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers are stronger than fluff in the ability to absorb volumes of

1 significant body fluid AS such as urine (i.e., at least about V0 g/g); That's how I made it

Smaller, thinner absorbent formulations.

The hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers

Beginning with polymerizing unsaturated carboxylic acids

or derivatives from this source; Jie acrylic acid “acrylic acid is an alkali metal

alkali metal ~~ ¥- (eg sodium and/or potassium or ammonium salts of “acrylic acid” alkyl acrylates and their analogues. These polymers are transformed into 2 soluble in water; but water-swellable by slight reversible connection of polymer chains containing a carboxyl group with conventional di- or multifunctional monomer materials; Jie

Yo 2007 Methylene Disacrylamide (NN'-methylenebisacrylamide) trimethylol propane triacrylate or tri-allyl amine These slightly reversible absorbent polymers are still formed in many

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Anionic (charged) carboxyl groups (sais) attached to the polymer stem These are charged carboxy groups

which enables the polymer to absorb body fluids as a result of osmotic forces; component of the mount

watery.

> Not only does the degree of inverse connection determine the water insolubility of these Jall-forming chydrogel-forming absorbent polymers, but it is also an important factor.

In combination two other properties of these polymers are absorbent capacity and Jal strength. Absorbency capacity or "gel volume" is a measure of the amount of water or body fluids absorbed by a given amount of hydrogel-forming polymer p170:0861-07108. Gel strength is related to the hydrophilic tendency of the gel

0 component of these polymers to change shape or "flow" under pressure. Hydrogel-forming polymers used as sorbents in formulas and absorbents such as disposable diapers need to have a gel volume as high as

enough In addition to; High gel strength including SH and the gel volume needs to be as high as

Sufficient to enable the hydrogel-forming polymer Sell to be adsorbed in quantities

1 Certain of the corresponding aqueous body fluids while using the absorbent. The strength of the gel needs to be such that the formed Al gel does not change its shape Says to an unacceptable degree the voids of the capillary gaps

in the absorbent formulation or applicator; blocking the absorption capacity of the instrument/formula; In addition to distributing the fluid throughout the tool/formulation. see example; US Patent No. 54,074; ‎U.S.

Pat.

No. 4654039 (Brandt et al.); Posted on YY Mar; VAAY acl) 0 published April 19th” by VAAA as Republished US Patent No. 37144 (US.

Pat.

No.

Re. 32649 and US Patent No. EAVEVYO

NAAR May 01 Published in cp ATs Alemany U.S.

Pat.

No. 4834735

The former sorbents generally included relatively small amounts (eg; less than about 75 wt.) of

These hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers, I think

Alemany U.S.

Pat.

No. 4834735 4/87 49/75 Example; US Patent No. Yo Mayo 1484 (preferably from about 4 to about 780 from Te et al.) published in hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer.

° There are several reasons for this. The hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers used in the above absorbent formulations do not generally have an absorption rate that can allow them to rapidly absorb body fluids; Especially in the Jal yd flow "and this necessitated the introduction of fibers, typically wood pulp fibers, to act as a buffer 0 to hold the sedimented fluids until they were absorbed by the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer, many of the absorbent polymers forming the water mountain dal The most well-known has the ability to prevent gelation. 0 more absorbent formula. These other areas of the sucking organ become wet during a very slow diffusion process. In practical terms; This means that the fluid gain of the absorbent formulation is much slower than the rate of fluid ejection; Especially in the flush position. Leakage from the sorbent can occur before the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer particles are completely saturated or before the ald) in the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer ve fluid can spread or pass through the particles "to prevent To the rest of the absorbent organ. And the process of preventing gelation can be an acute problem if the gel-forming absorbent polymer particles do not have enough gel strength, so they deform or scatter under hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer 28747750 pressure when the particles swell with the fluid absorber. See US Patent No

AAAS Mayo 00 and others); Published in Alemany (Alemany US. Pat. No. 4834735 v. The gel blocking phenomenon typically requires the use of a fibrous tissue where the absorbent polymer particles are immersed, and this fibrous tissue maintains the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer that forms the hydrogel. The hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer molecules separated from one another, and this fibrous tissue also extends the capillary structure that allows the fluid to reach the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer present in the hydrogel-forming polymer. 28,747,750 areas remote from the original fluid outlet point (see US Patent No. May 1989. However, 71 et al.); Published in Alemany (US. Pat. No. 4834735

Dipping the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer into the fibrous tissue at a relatively low concentration in order to reduce or avoid gel blocking can lower the total fluid storage capacity of thinner absorbent formulations. The use of a lower concentration of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers Jl determines to some extent the true characteristics of these materials; Namely, their ability to absorb and retain large amounts of body fluids for a given volume. In addition to increasing the strength of the gel; Other physical and chemical properties of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers are treated to reduce gel inhibition. One of the properties is the particle size; Especially the molecular size distribution of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer 0 used in fibrous tissue. Example » hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer particles that have a molecular size distribution such that the particles that have ABS average particle size greater than or equal to about 500 microns are mixed with hydrophilic fibrous materials to reduce gel blocking and to help maintain An open capillary structure within the sorbent fitting that increases the surface transport of fluids away from the original excretion zone 1 to the rest of the sorbent. add to that; The molecular size distribution of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer can be controlled to improve the capacity and efficiency of the alia ie! particles used in the absorbent formulation. See US Patent No. 5.47077e (Berg zw) U.S.

Pat.

No. 5047023 published Sept 1, 19951 However, even adjusting for the molecular size distribution; lonliness; Does not indicate absorbent formulations that can have a relatively high concentration in 0 of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers (Ala). See US Pat. #047077 5047023 Pat.

No. 17.5 higher (the most suitable fiber-to-molecular ratio on a cost/performance basis is from about 70:75 to about 80:00.) Another characteristic of these hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers is the level of extracts contained in the polymer vo itself. See US Patent No. 41654074 4654039 U.S.

Pat.

No. (Brandt et al.) published WY Mar 19897 (republished April 19; VAAA as US Patent No. 777495 32649 .(U.S.

Pat.

No.

Re

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Many of the Jall hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers contained significant levels of the extracted polymer. These extracted polymeric materials can be filtered from the hydrogel produced by the body fluids (such as urine) during the period in which the body fluids are in contact with the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer 0 #Tsraah absorbent p0l100p17008. It is believed that these polymeric materials extracted from body fluids in this way can alter both the chemical and physical properties of the body fluids to such an extent that the fluid is absorbed more slowly and is retained worse by the hydrogel in the absorbent. Among the properties that have been taken into account to reduce the gel blocking is the improvement of the capillary ability of these hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers. Specifically, it has been suggested that the molecules of these hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers Forms a major combination between lay sal for a backwards connected assembly; Typically in the form of layers or pieces. See US Patent No. YOY 01 U.S. Pat. No. 5102597 (Roe et al.) Published Apr 7.” VARY US Patent No. U.S. Pat. No. 5124188 0) Y£1AA (Roe et al.) published in YY cig No. 9997; and US Patent No. 58,149,744 5149344 U.S. Pat. No. (Lahrman et al.); Posted on YY Sept; 1997. And because it maintains the special nature of the absorbent polymer, these major structures have holes between the contacting ali al, which are connected so that the major structure is permeable to fluids (that is, it has capillary transport channels) and as a result of the inversely connected bonds between the constituent molecules. molecules; The resulting bulk formulation also has improved formulation integrity properties; Increasing fluid gain and distribution rates and preventing gel. There is still a feature that art has known for a while as a measure of preventing Jal. It is the need for wetness or the ability to absorb gravity for these hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers. See; Exemplary US Patent No. U.S. Pat. No. 5147343 ©147747 vo (Kellenberger published V0 Sept. 7 & US Patent No. U.S. Pat. No. 5149335 0) £4¥Y0 (Kellenberger et al.) published Sept. 77 1997 where these polymers are referred to

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Hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers are 'strong absorbents' and where wettability is required/gravity absorbent capacity is referred to as Absorption Capacity Under Load (AUL). In these patents, “AUL” is defined as the capacity of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer. hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer for swelling against applied suppressing forces (see US Pat. 0 47 (US. Pat. No. 5147343 ©1477 above; at column OY lines 46-4). The AUL value is the amount (in milliliters/g or g/g) of 70.8 salt solution that is adsorbed by hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers while subjected to a load of 700011 dyne/sama (approx. (0 psi.”) sets AUL dad at 1 hour (see US Pat. No. 47 1497© 5147343 (U.S. Pat. No.) or © minutes (see 0 US Pat. No. 5149335 0V£3YYo .17.8 Hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers are believed to have the desirable AUL properties if they absorb at least about YE milliliters/g (preferably at least about YY milliliters/g ) of the salt solution after 1 hour (see US Patent No. (US. Pat. No. 5147343 ©1777 or at least about VO g/g (preferably at least ve about YA g/g) in the salt solution after 0 minutes. The US Patent No. U.S. Pat. No. 5147343 ©1497 EY (see column © lines (TNE) "Although powerful sorbents in prior art and sorbent components made from them have the ability to swell freely with fluids and retain such fluids against applied pressure, the benefits of this property are somewhat hydrophilic The aim is to gain improved performance in vs. use; Lad the strong absorbent material must have the ability to initially absorb fluids and swell while subjected to a load. dynamic compound and/or torsional stresses; eg during leg movement while wearing a diaper containing the absorbent compound.” Finally, it was claimed (see column 1 (lines 7?-27) that “ay sil” sorbents have these AUL af minimum after one hour; as described by vo before; "will be able to do the amount of work necessary to overcome the unbridled forces applied when the component of the present invention is applied to the personal care products of Jie diapers; incontinence garments; sanitary pads and the like. As a result of the use of strong sorbents having an AUL of at least about YE q [milliliter/g]; It has been found that personal care products with strong absorbents have a better performance. High It has been found to have a lower number of AUL especially; Diapers with strong absorbent materials that leak during the night

OVEVY EY as known in the US patent AUL numbers and can give the index to any of the U.S. absorbent polymers. Pat. Nos. 5147343 and 5149335 01495778 and oo will avoid gel blocking in hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers AUL is sometimes insufficient to determine which of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers. However, it will provide the necessary absorbent properties so that hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers can increase the concentration of these polymers in the absorbent formulation without preventing gel-forming or some other undesirable effect. It was discovered that the permeability or flow conductivity of the aqueous gel formed when it swells 0 in the presence of body fluids is of utmost importance to facilitate absorbent polymers in specific areas or through absorbent polymers in the presence of a high concentration of these absorbent polymers sucking member. The differences in the permeability or flow conductivity of the polymer may directly depend on the ability of the resulting hydrogel layer to absorb and distribute body fluids. Absorbent polymer certainly; Some hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers showing in US patents satisfactory AUL numbers for hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers that have US values. Pat. Nos. 5147343 and 5149335 008 1770 and 01477 will have insufficient permeability or flow conductivity for use at a high concentration in absorbent membranes. The aqueous content of Jal is high; It just has to be of AUL class and to get a value of any significant degree. The minimum 0.7 psi is the minimum permeability so that gel blocking does not occur under pressure specified by the required degree of permeability. Simply avoid gel blocking much lower than this required to provide good hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers fluid transport properties. The hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers that avoid gel-forming can be severely compromised by the handling properties of other fluids. The permeability/flow conductivity of these hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers can be defined in terms of hydrogel-forming salt flow conductivity values. absorbent polymers ve capacity of the hydrogel-forming layer Jie the ability of the material to transport brine fluids; SEC measures the swelling (SFC) of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer of the hydrogel-forming

Ye Relatively high air-stretched mesh of wood pulp fibers. SFC body fluids. An example of an item of value

Typical SEC has a value of (Tau g/ 1.1 g. An air-stretched network of pulp fibers (example) has a density of cm "sec/g. On the contrary, the absorbent polymers forming hydrogels" are about 0.177000 ( Models manufactured by Aqualic 1-74 such as hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers and 112160-1180 (manufactured by Nalco (LTD) Nippon Shokubai 0 cm" sec/g. Accordingly, 011 SFC has values (Nalco Chemical) It would be highly desirable to be able to use hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers that approach an air-stretched network of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers core fibers, and this will be true, especially if a specific higher concentration of SFC polymers is used. Wood in relation to the absorbent member. Hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers. Hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers. 0 highest. The ability of the resulting hydrogel to acquire body fluids under conditions of use SFC af (and reflects normal). And another problem using the values of ‎ AUL measured according to US Patent Nos. 297727 1 (US. Pat. Nos. 5147343 and 5149335 0) £4YYe is that it does not reflect all the inherent stresses ve that the Jall hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer can be subjected to. polymer in the absorbent formulation. As noted before; The AUL in these patents is measured at a pressure of about 0,” psi and it is believed that a much higher specific pressure of about 1.7 psi would more efficiently reflect the full range of specific mechanical pressures (cu shall Jie) sleep; squatting; Walking; flexibility; clad motions) and other twisting and pulling motions) on the absorbent formula. Ye see US Patent No. 8146977406 5147345 U.S. Pat. No. (Young et al.) published September 11, 1997 additionally; Many sorbent compositions consisting of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers may include sal components as an acquisition layer to receive the first exit of body fluids. see example; US Patent No. 45977407 4673402 U.S. Pat. No. (Weisman Yo | et al.) posted June 11; 19897 and US Patent No. 4,976,077 U.S. Pat. No. 4935022 (Lash et al.) posted Jun 19; .19908 The acquisition layer consists of fibers; Like some chemically stiffened fibers that have a high capillary suction capacity

1 et al.) Relatively Young. see example; US Patent No. 7,174,459* (Young) Considering these additional capillary compactors that VAY Uthio A published in can affect fluid gain with hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers, it is more realistic to measure the required adsorption performance. chydrogel-forming absorbent polymers and this will take into account not only the 0.7 psi mechanical stresses i.e. about 0 lef under the specified pressure acting during use, but also the additional capillary stresses generated by other components. (eg gain layer) present in the absorbent composition. In order to take full advantage of the permeability/flow conductivity AT factor has to be taken into consideration.

Jl is the integrity of the absorbent polymers of the aqueous gel layer composed of these absorbent polymers and of the polymers of a region or regions in the absorbent member containing these polymers 0

SFC, which has a value of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers, has a high polymer wettability; It is very important that these areas where the polymer is present are good. By “good wettability” we mean that the region or regions of the absorbent member having the high concentration have sufficient integrity hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer All of the gel-forming polymer. In cases of dryness, partial wetness and/or wetness so that normal contact is (and thus the ability to 1 acquire and transfer fluids through the adjacent interstitial gaps / capillaries) of the hydrogel formed upon swelling in the presence of body fluids, uninterrupted or changing even when subjected to normal conditions of use. during normal use; Absorbent cores are exposed in absorbents; Typical to tensile and torsion forces in different degrees and directions. Tensile and torsional forces include stretching in the groin area; tensile and torsional forces when a person wears a suction cup; He walks; squats; Yenshi © and similar ones. If the integrity of the wettability is not sufficient, the tensile and torsional forces can effectively cause a real change and/or rupture in the natural connection of the hydrogel so that its ability to transfer fluids to the aqueous is diminished. ; layer can have gaps; Have areas that are significantly thinned and/or break into many substantially small pieces. This change can reduce or completely eliminate any Yo-hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer's flow conductivity/permeability properties characteristic of tvs hydrogel-forming polymers.

In addition to daa, it would be desirable to be able to provide an absorbent member consisting of (1) a region or regions having a relatively high concentration of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer (Y) ¢ hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer with better permeability/flow conductivity properties. Jie in a water-bearing fibrous mesh; (1) in a say that easily gains fluids in even high capillary suction layers that induce typical application pressures; ( ) in a fabric that gives sufficient wetting integrity so that its ability to acquire and transport fluids is not reduced or diminished even when Exposure to normal forces of use General description of the invention The present invention relates to absorbent organs used for the absorption of bodily fluids such as urine These absorbent organs consist of at least one zone having hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer 0 in a concentration of about 01 to 7001 by weight and providing a gel-linked fluid transition area in case of swelling.This hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer has: ded () Brine Flow Delivery (SFC) of at least approx. 70*70 cm" sec/g; ve (b) rated performance value under pressure of at least about YY g/g under a specified pressure of lap ¢(kPa©) psi (c)_basic weight at least about 01 gsm in addition; The area in which this hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer resides, even when exposed to conditions of use. Glad © Safety JL is sufficient so that the contact area with the gel essentially maintains its ability to acquire and transfer body fluids through the contact area gel. Brief Explanation of Drawings Fig. 1 Cross-section view of an absorbent device showing an absorbent core according to the present invention. appearance ? Cross-section view of an absorbent device showing another absorbent core according to the present invention. FIG. * Cross-section view of an absorbent device showing another absorbent core according to the present invention. appearance ; Cross-section view of an absorbent device showing another absorbent core according to the present invention. Fig. © Cross-section view of an absorbent device showing an alternative absorbent core to that shown in FIG. 4.

VY

Fig. + Cross-sectional view of an absorbent device showing an absorbent core. Another alternative to that shown in #. Jay (SFC) Graphic view of the Jig V value conductivity meter. Hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers. For hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers 7. An enlarged sectional view of the piston/cylinder device shown in Fig. + JRE 0. Figure 9 represents a surface view of the bottom of the piston head of the piston/cylinder device shown in Fig.

A

Figure 01 of the polymers (PUP) represents a graphic view of the device for measuring the performance capacity under pressure. Figure 01. Hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers, the absorbent polymers forming a water gel. 01. It represents an enlarged cross-sectional view of the piston / cylinder device shown in Figure 11 Fig. 0 of the invention ail Description (a) Definitions of menstruation and secretions (Jal) include “body fluids” as used herein, the term “vaginal body fluids.” Refers to dimensions perpendicular to The length of the "Z-dimension" as used here is the "2-vo" dimension and the width of the core member or tool. The 7-dimension usually corresponds to the thickness of the core member or tool. To the plane perpendicular to the "X-Y dimension Y-X" as I use Hana refers to the dimensions of the thickness of the organ, the heart or the tool. The dimensions 57-56 usually correspond to the length and width of the member, the core or the tool. Refers to the components of the “absorbent core.” Hana uses the term “absorbent core.” Ly (dil) Essentially responsible for the fluid-handling properties of the tool, including acquisition, distribution, and storage of fluids. As it is, the absorbent core does not typically include the upper or lower layer of a tool to the “absorbent member.” The term “absorbent member” cla refers to absorption as Use absorbent cores that typically give one or more fluid handling properties; Example; fluid distribution acquisition; fluid transport; fluid storage; etc. The absorbent organ may include the entire absorbent cad gal heart or only a portion of the absorbent core; Any absorbent heart can be one or more vo absorbent organs

Ve or 'region(s)' as I use here The terms 'region(s) refer to parts or sections of an absorbent member. 'zones(s) to an absorbing member having initial dimensions "layer" As I use Hana, the term "layer" means; along its length and width. It must be understood that the terminology must not limit YX to a single layer or fold of material. Accordingly, the layer may consist of folds or the combination of many layers or networks of the desired type of material. Thus the term “layer” includes the terms “layers.” 1576160 and “layers.” to "upper" and for the purpose of the present invention. It must be understood that the term "upper" absorbent organs; like layers; close to the person wearing the suction cup; Conversely, to the absorbent members farther from the wearer of the trimmer “lower” the term “lower” refers to the lower layer. Lad gad and facing means components; members; Steps etc. “comprising” I also use here the term “comprising” which may work together depending on the present invention. On this term “component” and “comprising of” includes the more specific terms “comprising essentially of” More specific terms have their standard meaning as understood in the field.‎ consisting of 0 All skew ratios used herein are by weight unless specified elsewhere. Absorbent member materials and components Absorbent gel-forming polymers Hydrogel-1 a- Chemical Composition Hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers The hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers Y. used in the present invention include many polymers 58 that are insoluble in water but swellable in water capable of absorbing large quantities of These polymeric materials are commonly referred to as “hydrocolloids” or “strong absorbents” and may include carboxymethyl polysaccharides carboxymethyl starch carboxymethyl starch Jie non-ionic species such as shydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose cellulose Yo Positive Ionic Species polyvinyl ethers polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl alcohol cpolyvinyl pyridine Charge like polyvinyl pyridine

Vo or N,N-dimethylaminoethyl ethyl sisal methyl 3 “NN 5 polyvinyl morpholinione and mechacrylates N,N-diethylaminopropyl acrylates diethylaminopropyl acrylates - 7 Corresponding from the same source. Typically, the quaternary salts and quaternary salts 8 used hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers The hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers Fo sulfonic acid of the present invention have many functional negatively charged ionic groups and include examples of polymers carboxy groups and more precisely carboxy groups “unsaturated polymerizable sulfonic acid monomer suitable for use here This is prepared from the monomer of 8 unsaturated acids monomer This monomer includes dda and on .acid contains acid which contain at least anhydrides and anhydrides and olefinically unsaturated acids

0 carbon double bond to one carbon olefinic carbon. More specific: This monomer can be selected from olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids, cacid anhydrides, olefinically unsaturated sulfonic acids, and a mixture of the same source.

0 and may include some non-acidic monomer usually in amounts of ALE in the preparation of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer. This monomer includes: © the non-acidic example; water-soluble or immersed acid-containing ester monomer; In addition to the monomer, which does not contain carboxylic or sulfonic acid groups at all. Non-acidic monomer

© Optional can include a monomer containing the following types of functional groups: “carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid esters” hydroxyl groups “camide groups” amino groups “camino groups” nitrile groups 010116 groups “quaternary ammonium salt groups” aryl groups (eg).

Jie phenyl gruops Yo these derived from styrene monomer non-acidic 69 monomers are very well known substances and are described in detail “Jia” Sl in US Patent No. 4071357 4076663 U.S.

Pat.

No. (Masuda

and others); Posted on YA Feb; 99/8 and in US Patent No. 017817 U.S.

Pat.

No 4062817 (Westerman) published in VAVY “rama 11 Both are incorporated here by reference. The ll monomer includes ll Sg Sl pal aad monomer olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid 0 and carboxylic acid anhydride acrylic acids defined by acrylic acid candi acrylic acid methacrylic acid ethacrylic acid ca-chloroacrylic acid a-cyanoacrylic acid yas ca-caynoacrylic 40 8- Methacrylic J -0 aes B-methylacrylic acid (crotonic acid) 00 a-phenylacrylic acid 8- acryloxypropionic acid B-acyloxypropionic acid sorbic acid a-chlorosorbic acid a-chlorosorbic acid cangelic acid cinnamic acid ccinnamic acid p-chlorocinamic acid aes 00-00100010001 acid 8- Stearylacrylic acid B-sterylacrylic acid citaconic acid citroconic acid ve cmesaconic acid glutaconic acid cglutaconic acid caconitic acid maleic acid fumaric acid and tricarboxyethylene anhydride and maleic acid tricarboxyethylene and maleic acid anhydride. It includes the monomer of olefinically unsaturated sulfonic acid monomers aliphatic or aromatic vinyl sulfonic acids 0 such as wvinylsulfonic acid callyl sulfonic acid aulfonic acid vinyl toluene sulfonic acid and styrene sulfonic acid Je acrylic and methacrylic sulfonic acid sulfoethyl acrylate sulfoethyl methacrylate sulfopropyl acrylate sulfopropyl acrylate Ye SS Jug gl Mechaacrylate “sulfopropyl metharcrylate Tp Span -” methacrylate oxypropylsilonic acid

No 2-hydroxy-3-methacyloxypropyl sulfonic acid and Y=acrylamide--7"-methylpropane sulfonic acid. 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid hydrogel-forming absorbent The polymers preferred for use in the present invention contain carboxy groups. Partially neutralized neutralized hydrolyzed starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymers 02710117 starch-acrylic acid graft copolymers cpartially neutralized starch-acrylic acid graft copolymers Saponified vinyl acetate-acrylic ester copolymers Acrylonitrile or acrylamide copolymers Hydrolyzed polymers Reversible polymers Thin lattice of any copolymers Aa te Partially neutralized and former polyacrylic acid polymers; Polyacrylic acid 1 Partially neutralized. polyacrylic acid An inverse lattice of polyacrylic acid These polymers can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more different polymers. Examples of these polymeric materials are shown in the US Patent No. 1 of CNLTEC cf VITIY as exudate cETTTAAY and a U.S. Pat. Nos. 3661875, 4076663, 4093776, 4666983, and 47344758 0 The most preferred polymeric materials for use in the formation of constituent sorbent polymers are hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers of partially neutralized starch derivatives and polyacrylic acid starch derivatives. trace amounts of polyacrylic acid from the same source. It is more preferable to form absorbent polymers that form aqueous gels

I've preferred about Zao 0 to about 00 of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers Yo reversely attached to a thin lattice (i.e. polyacrylic acid lias sodium acrylate/acrylic acid). Acrylates/acrylic acid

Ya

Intrinsically insoluble in water polymer The retinal reverse connection transforms the polymer extracted for absorbent polymers Determine the absorbent capacity and properties of the polymer content (Wi Jag). Hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers all gel-forming processes have been described. The lattice reverse of these 5 polymers and typical lattice reverse contact agents in detail .17.5. Pat. No. 4076663 40177157 largest in US Patent No. 0 The sorbent polymer forming the watermount Odea HL ay is of a single kind (i.e. homogeneous A mixture of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer may also be used in the present invention. acid polyacrylic (pa asl) thin lattice Luke crosslinked copolymers pH-0 is partially equivalent in the present invention. The hydrogel-forming adsorbent copolymers used in the present invention can have size; shape and/or or hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers, a variable landscape over a wide range. These polymers can be in the form of particles that do not have a powder ratio; Intergranular aggregates; BiB granules; (Jie) wide from the largest dimension to the smallest dimension 1 call intergranular aggregates are reverse connected etc.) and can be in the form of layers; Films » foams etc. The hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers may be a low-level mixture of one or more hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer additives; Example 811168 Silica Powder » Surface Active Agent; glue; links and their analogues. The components in this mixture can combine naturally and/or chemically in a form such that the polymer component 0 and the additional hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer are not naturally separated. The aqueous Jall and the constituent absorbent polymers can be non-porous or have true internal porosity. For the particles as previously described; The particle size is defined as the dimension determined by filter size analysis. A Micron Yo (example; 701 is an example; Molecular Filter 17.8.8 is reserved for the standard test with micron apertures; Molecular 1701 Series Alternative Filter Design) is considered to have a size greater than (US Yo No.

49p. Passes through a 0 micron VY filter and is caught on a 5.00 micron filter (example; No. (US YO Alternative Filter Design Series) is considered to have a particle size between 900 and 1107 microns and the particle passes through the filter 000 μm and is considered to have a size JH of 500 μm.The mass of the average molecular size of a given sample of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer particles 0 is defined as the molecular size that the sample is halved on a mass basis; Half of a sample by weight has a particle size less than the mass of the average volume and half of the sample has a particle size greater than the mass of the average volume Typically used is the standard molecular size plotting method (where the weight ratio of the particle volume trapped on or that passes through a given filter aperture is plotted in front of the aperture of the filter size on Probability sheet) to determine the AS mean molecular size where the value of 750 ALES 0 is the offset particle size of the USA standard test filter. These methods are described to determine the molecular size of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer (Stall In US Patent No. 80561784 5061259 U.S.

Pat.

No. (Goldman et al.) published in 1991 “esl YA” and merged herein by reference. For the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer 1 particles used in the present invention the particle size ranges generally from about 1 to about 1 yorn micron; Preferably more than about 1 to about 0001 microns. The average molecular size mass generally ranges from about 71 to about 15010 microns; preferably from about ± to about 0 µm; Preferably more than about 1001 to about Are microns. And within these sizes; It may be preferable to select larger or smaller particles depending on the need for a faster absorption motion, or af for example; for non-porous particles; The swelling rate decreases with increasing particle size. It may also be preferable to choose larger or smaller particles or narrower volume sections (fractions) of larger or smaller particles of the block polymer to increase the permeability of the gel layer (i.e. increase the value of the SFC) and for particles of some gel-forming sorbents aqueous polymers, it was found that sections in a narrower size range contain larger ve particle sizes in the previously specified size range a higher SFC af without any significant decrease in the properties of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer The other Jie is the capacity of performance under pressure (PUP) and the level of the extracted polymer.

Al) from about 701 microns to about 0000 using a volume section that has an average mass size in the range of about 701 microns or less where only the least mass fractions of a molecule have sizes greater than about the molecules have a pan size in Cus microns as a substitute; A section size wider than 00 microns can be used. Ave microns to about 30800 range from about B- Physical properties 0 Local solution flow conductivity (1)

adel MA dad als The hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers used in the present invention is ada or the delivery of flow when swelling with body fluids so that it forms a region or a watery gel layer. This 0 defines the permeability or flow conductivity here in the form of the value of the conductance of the brine flow (SFC) of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer Jd. Or the distribution of body fluids under pressure of use. It is believed that when the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer is present at a high concentration in the absorbent member, then it swells to form the Ale gel under the pressure of use; The boundaries of the water mountain ve are connected; The interstitial vacuoles in this highly concentrated region become surrounded by the hydrogel. when that happens; It is believed that the permeability or flow conductivity properties of this region generally reflect the permeability and flow conductivity properties of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer alone. It is also thought to increase the permeability of these highly concentrated bulging regions to levels approaching or even exceeding the usual acquisition/distribution materials; © Like wood pulp fluff; It can give fluid handling properties of the absorbent organ and core (ald) so that the chances of leakage are reduced; Especially at high fluid loads. (High SFC values reflect

Also the ability of the aqueous gel component to absorb body fluids under normal conditions of use). The values of 570 for the Jala SSA ald hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers used in the present invention are at least about TY XT vo cm sec/aa preferably at least about TV x00 cm sec/can More preferably at least about 100,710 cm sec/g. typical; The SFC values are in the range from about Tr to about 017001 cm sec/g. More accurate from about 0 to about 7 0178060 cm sec/g.

dribble and more accurate from about 100 to about 0177250 “cm” sec/g. There is a method for determining the SFC value of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers in the test methods section. (7) Performance under pressure (PUP) Another important property of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer used in the present invention is the capacity (aba ie) required under a specific high pressure. The required absorption capacity is defined as the performance capacity of the polymers: 5 at pressure ( PUP) Capacity (PUP) measures the capacity of an area or weight layer on a raised basis of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers. absorbent polymer in the absorbent member at a high concentration, the polymer needs to be able to absorb large amounts of body fluids in a reasonable period of time under application pressures, otherwise the absorbent member will be less efficient to absorb cad sal, for example, by blocking the fluid A component of the acquisition that gives temporary holding capacity to these fluids.When this happens; It is believed that the absorbent core is left with insufficient temporary holding capacity to contain the subsequent flow of body fluids and that leakage can occur early. Also in order to get a high storage capacity of the absorbent core with minimal thickness and weight. Hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers need to have a relatively high PUP capacity. Lad needs a relatively high PUP capacity of the hydrogel-forming absorbent Jall polymer 0 to provide an economical absorbent core. Application pressures applied to the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer include both mechanical stresses (eg, positioned by the weight and movement of the user; walking forces, etc.) It is absorbed by the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer ve. It is believed that a total pressure around psi +, V (0) (kPa) reflects the sum of these pressures on the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer. When body fluids are absorbed, conditions of use are prompted.

YY

The capacity of 1106 for the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers used in the present invention is generally at least about 77 g/g; preferably at least about Yo g/g; Preferably more at least about 4 g/g. Typically, this PUP capacity value is in the range from about 77 to about yo g/g more typically than about ©? to TY g/g and more typically than about 4? to about TY g/g. A method for determining the value of the PUP capacity of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers in the Test Methods section. (©) Ali dadal extracted polymer of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers 0 used in the invention Jab is the level of the sed sl polymer extracted present here. See US Patent No. 154,079 U.S. Pat. No. 4654039 (Brantt 71 et al.) published Mar 1” VAAY (republished Apr 114; Re 32649 777149 Re VAAA Many hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers contain Significant levels of the polymer extracted 1. Say the filtration of the polymer extracted from the gel (SL) produced by the body fluids (such as urine) during the period of time in which the body fluids remain in contact with the polymer The hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer. It is believed that the extracted polymer can change both the chemical properties (eg osmosis) and the physical properties (eg; viscosity) of body fluids to the extent that the fluids are absorbed very slowly and retained. © Poor degree of hydrogel This fluid-contaminated polymer is also poorly transported through the absorbent organ This situation can lead to undesirable and premature leakage of body fluids from the absorbent Hence it is desirable to use hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers absorbent polymers at lower levels than the extracted polymer. The importance of not having the adverse effect of absorption/retention of body fluids by the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer or the surface Jail of body fluids through the regions of the absorbent member that contains the “absorbent polymer gal oll” It is believed to be true in particular: (1) oY increases the amount of polymer in the absorbent member; (b)

yy Decreased amounts of other absorbent components (eg fiber); and/or (c) increasing the specific concentration in the absorbent organ. For example; It is believed that at a high specific concentration of the polymer in the absorbent member; The hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer is the hydrogel-forming absorbent. There is a smaller volume of fluid in the interfacial regions (i.e., outside the hydrogel) to dilute the polymer extract; So that it tends to increase its concentration in these areas between. This increases the effect of the polymer © between BLU extracted on the body fluids absorbed through this polymer. This is unusual for SFC, PUP 0 hydrogel-forming polymers that have elevated levels of hydrogel-forming absorbent. polymers decrease with time (eg less than 775 min PUP was deduced to have a capacity value of polymer min). It is believed that this decrease in absorption / retention of the fluid with time; At least 10 to 100% due to higher levels of polymer extract being present to alter the chemical properties of the interfacial fluid. And it is also unusual for the hydrogel-forming oe polymer, which has levels of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer that are lower at the beginning and then rise with time to a greater degree than the extracted SFC polymer, to have a hydrogel-value. forming absorbent polymer hydrogel forming absorbent polymer low initial SFC extract. The comparative polymer value that has a low level of polymer extract high is thought to be produced; at least partially of a high initial viscosity of sald 0 polymer for the interfacial fluid. hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers therefore; For the aqueous gel-forming absorbent polymers the extract is about the polymer used in the present invention; Preferably a polymer level of or less and strongly preferred about 77 or less of the total polymer. Part of the test methods. Hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers forming the hydrogel

Jl (;) the porosity of a region or layer of the gel

AA

Another important property of J alld Sal A ala cl pels hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers used in the present invention is the porosity of the layer or region of the hydrogel formed when the polymer is swelled by body fluids under a specified pressure. I also use the term porosity to mean a partial volume (not yet) that is not filled with a solid. See © 1. Colson JM.

Coulson et al. Chemical Engineering Fo all 3rd ed.; Pergamon Press 0978 Pergamon p.VY And for the (Jad) zone or layer composed entirely of chydrogel-forming absorbent polymer, the porosity is the partial volume of the zone/layer not filled with hydrogel. and for the region of the absorbent organ containing the hydrogel; In addition to other components. the porosity is the partial volume of the region (0 denoted by Lad as the interfacial volume and the volume of the interfacial regions) that is not filled with the hydrogel; or other solid components (such as fiber). The porosity of the absorbent zone is equal to the ratio of the intra-area volume to the total area volume. The porosity of the hydrogel zone or layer is measured under a specific pressure psi oY. It is primarily significant due to its dependence on the permeability (ie; SFC ad) of the hydrogel zone/layer. The high porosity 1 is an important cause of the high permeability. On the coal The hydrogel-forming region or layer that has a relatively low porosity has a very high permeability.On da, it is preferred that the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers of the present invention swell with bodily fluids having high porosity. Relatively under a specific pressure 0.7 psi (©) Gel volume 7 Another potentially important property of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers used in the present invention is the gel volume. For the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer, the absorption capacity is free to swell when it swells heavily with the manufactured Jayco urine.It gives a measure of the maximum absorption capacity of the polymer under the conditions of use, Yo, where the pressures on the constituent polymer are relatively few.Methods have been shown to determine The gel sizes for these hydrogel-forming polymers are given here in the Test Methods section.

Yo and it is preferable that the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer has a relatively high gel size. This allows the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer to absorb a larger amount of body fluids under conditions of use where pressure on the polymer is low. Preferably, the gel size for hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers of 0 g/Yo in the present invention is at least about 0 g/g hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers. Typical of these Yo g/g; Better is at least about Yo more preferably at least about to Yo more typically than about can g/01 to about 10 gel sizes in the range of about g/g Vo to about 0" about 80 g/g and more typically than about gel strength (1)

Sal Another potentially important property of the gel-forming absorbent polymer is the gel strength. As the Mall used in the invention hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer was used here, the “gel strength” relates to the tendency of the aqueous gel consisting of the absorbent polymer to change its shape or the aqueous “flow” that does not change and fills to the degree of Jal under the pressures of use. The gel strength needs to be such that gap voids between the hydrogel and other components in the absorbent core are not acceptable. In general, increasing the strength of the gel leads to an increase in the permeability and porosity of the region or layer of the hydrogel forming 1. hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer of the hydrogel-forming polymer. hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers although maximizing gel strength is not as critical as the properties, it is preferred that other PUP 5 SFC hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers have a similar capacity of the present invention Relatively high gel strength. And this, 4 hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers, increases the ability of the hydrogel-forming component to resist change in shape under the pressures of use. And that for hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers, Jal, the strength of 00001 dyne/cm in the present invention is preferably at least about hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer 0000 dyne/cm, and the best is at least about 00001. least about Tan ve

J dyne/cm C- Manufacturing methods

The basic hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer can be made in any usual way. Cd ag exemplary and preferred processes for the formation of these polymers are reproduced in US Patent No. FYE U.S.

Pat.

No.

Re 32649 (Brandt et al.); Published in OV AAA “Jind 11” © US Patent No. 57,175,447 4,666,983 U.S.

Pat.

No. (Suba Kimoto Tsubakimoto et al.) published May 19 09897 and US Patent No. 0) £7Y00 (Suba Kimoto Tsubakimoto et al.) published YO November; VAAN are all merged here by reference. Preferred methods for forming the basic hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer are those dealing with methods for polymerization of aqueous 0 solution or other solution. As described in the aforementioned republished US Patent 77749 32649 U.S.

Pat.

No.

Re. Aqueous solution polymerization consists of using an aqueous reaction mixture to polymerize and then subjecting the aqueous reaction mixture to sufficient polymerization conditions to result in a minimally intrinsic water-insoluble cross-linked polymer in the mixture. The component polymer block can be crushed or cut into separate particles. > More Specific Methods for aqueous solution polymerization to form a hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer consist of the preparation of the aqueous reaction mixture in which the polymerization takes place. One element of the reaction mixture is a monomer containing an acidic group that will be the stem of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer to be formed. The reaction mixture generally consists of about 100 parts by weight of 0 .monomer and the AT component of the aqueous reaction mixture consists of a lattice reverse contact agent. The mesh back-contact agents used in the formation of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer of the invention Mall are described in greater detail in the foregoing republished US Patent No. 3644 (U.S.

Pat.

No.

Re. 32,649 US Patents The opening numbers of the cake permeated the U.S.

Pat.

Nos. 4666983, 4625001 0 The lattice reverse contact agent will generally be present in the aqueous reaction mixture in an amount from about 0001 mol C to about 0 000 1 mol C on a mole basis (ASH) of the monomer present in the aqueous mixture (0.00 Joa) to about 10 parts a

YY

The optional component (monomer) consists of a fraction by weight of monomer 001 by weight, depending on

Jie peroxygen for the aqueous reaction mixture of a free element catalyst includes; Example; ammonium persulfates potassium potassium sodium hydrogen benzoyl peroxide ccaprylylperoxide caprylyl peroxide butyl ccumene hydroperoxides hydrogen peroxide peroxide 0 butyl perbenzoate ctertiary butyl diperphthalate ALS sodium percarbonate tertiary butyl perbenzoate and their analogues. The various other optional components of the aqueous reaction mixture consist of sodium percarbonate; Non-acidic ester co-monomers of non-acidic covalent monomers include a monomer containing a basic unsaturated acid functional group or a 0-covalent monomer on another carboxylic or sulfonic acid that does not contain a carboxylic or sulfonic acid functionality Release. Connected polymers The aqueous reaction mixture is subjected to sufficient polymerization conditions to form substantially water soluble but reversibly lattice ALE polymers that form non-aqueous gels in greater detail in patents Lad for swelling in water into the mix. The three polymerization conditions referred to have been discussed previously. Polymerization conditions include heating (thermal activation techniques) to a polymerization temperature from about 0*C to about 100*C; Preferably more than about *"Celsius and also include polymerization conditions in which the mate reaction mixture is preserved; Asif to about or part of the same source to any of the usual forms of Jeli irradiation Ex. Activated radioactive, electronic, ultraviolet or electromagnetic radiation are the usual alternative polymerization techniques. Neutralization of the acid functional groups of the hydrogel forming absorbent polymer formed in the aqueous reaction mixture is also preferred. absorbent polymer is a mole yo; more preferably YO than the usual methods that result in at least about sly (the total equation used to form the monomer) at least about 00 moles of the monomer VO from the containing monomer Acidic groups neutralized by a positively charged ion ©: alkali minerals (Jie csalts) and include positively charged ions that form salts

Ya

The substituted ammonium amines “ammonium” alkali metals are discussed in greater detail in the previously cited republished US patent LS amines

U.S.A. Pat. No. Re. 32649 YY1£4 to No. The particle quality of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer Lain is preferably manufactured using an aqueous solution polymerization process; It also enables hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer 0 Jia emulsion polymerization processes to perform the polymerization process using reverse multiphase polymerization process techniques or reverse suspension polymerization and in reverse emulsion polymerization processes or reverse suspension polymerization; the aqueous reaction mixture is suspended as Described before in the form of fine droplets in the background of an organic solvent. The resulting particles are formed from cyclohexane. Dicyclohexane. Inert, non-miscible with water. Spherical pans. Hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer All. the shape. The reverse suspension polymerization processes are described in greater detail in US Pat. 01 et al.) published in Obaysashi (U.S. Pat. No. 4340706 57509505 (Fleischer US. Pat. No. 4506052 54905067). US Patent No. VAAY Jul 7754897 and US Patent No. 1988 March V4 et al. (published in Flesher all AAA April Vo et al.); published in Morita (Morita U.S. Pat. No. 4735987 ve incorporated herein by reference. Preformation is a preferred process for obtaining surface contact polymers that have hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers on constituent absorbent polymers). The hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers PUP SFC have capacitance values that are surface reversible in general have higher values of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers 0 than those that have a comparable level of "functional" reversible contact. But PUP SFC without surface reverse contact, and without being bound by theory, it is believed that surface reverse contact increases the resistance to change the shape of the surfaces of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers, and thus reduces the degree of contact between the surfaces of the chydrogel-forming absorbent polymers pressure The degree to which the Cad is adjacent when the shape of the hydrogel polymers Yo and 7117 changes by surface reverse contact depends on the levels and relative distributions of SFC at which the capacitance values of the internal and surface reverse contact, chemistry specialization and the surface reverse contact process rise.

The functional reverse connection is the elastically active connection and contributes to an increase in the modulus of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers. Gel size generally gives a reasonable measure of the overall level of 'functional' back contact in a chydrogel-forming absorbent polymer on the basis that the only 0 - significant variable is the level of back contact. Hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers with surface inverse contact have a higher level of inverse contact deeper in the surface As I use here 0 "surface" describes the outward-facing boundary of the molecule, fiber, etc., and for hydrogel-forming absorbent porous polymers, the exposed inner boundary can be added. With a higher level of reverse contact on the surface The level of functional reverse contact of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer in the depth of the surface is generally higher than the functional reverse contact level 1 of the polymer inside. The sequence in the reverse connection may change from the surface to the inside; in both depth and shape. Thus (Jie) the surface backcontact depth can be shallow with a relatively sharp transition to a lower level of reverse contact. Alternatively, for example, the surface backcontact depth can be a significant part of the hydrogel-forming polymer dimensions. absorbent polymer 0 with broader transition.The degree and gradient of surface inverse contact in hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer can change depending on the canal shape; porosity in addition to functional considerations. The surface inverse contact of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer molecules can change with the particle size; porosity; etc. 0 based on changes in the surface:volume ratio in the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer (clinical between small and large molecules); It is not usual to change the overall level of reverse connectivity in a material; (Example; larger for smaller particles). AA

Ye The surface reverse contact is made after the end of the final borders of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer (eg; crushing; extrusion; foaming, etc.). However, hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer can also influence the ongoing surface reverse contact while creating final borders. In addition; Some additional boundary changes can occur even after the surface reverse contact has begun. 0m

A number of processes have been demonstrated to introduce surface reverse communication in this field. This includes those where: (1) A bifunctional or multifunctional agent is added (eg; cglycerol 1-Dioxolane-"-UN 1,3-4010"0120-2-08; polyvalent metal ions") polyvalent metal ions polyquaternary amines capable of reacting with the functional groups present in the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer to the surface of the hydrogel-forming polymer (Y) ¢hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer A bifunctional or multifunctional agent is added that is able to interact with other additives and possibly with functional groups present in the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer so that it raises the level of ve reverse contact at the surface; to the surface (Jha ) add monomer plus Lule conjugate and catalyze Jeli a second time); (1) multifunctional coefficients (Al az) are not added but additional reactions are triggered between the components present in the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer during or after the initial polymerization process so that it is at a higher level of reverse contact or near the surface (eg; heating to trigger the formation of anhydride 0 and/or esters (reversibly crosslinked between the polymer carboxylic acid and/or hydroxyl groups and the suspension polymerization process where the crosslinked base is present in ef levels at the surface); and (;) other materials are added to the surface that induce a higher level of reverse contact or reduce surface deformation of the resulting hydrogel. (Say) Use to join back-connection operations together or in series. In addition to the operators (Yo) reverse-connection (Say) Add other components to the surface to assist/control the distribution of back-connection (Jia)

Diffusion and penetration of surface reverse communication coefficients).

vy

Z. Appropriate general methods have been shown to conduct the surface reverse contact of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers according to the current invention in US Patent No. 4,841,791 4,541,871 U.S.

Pat.

No. Obayashi published September 17 ¢4A0 PCT Application published 92/16565 WO Stanley published October 1

1440 published Aug 4 Tai 170 90/08789 published PCT alla 195957 Mar 0 1447; VA published in ¢(Stanley itis) WO 93/05080 published PCT request

US Patent No. 487446001 4824901 «(ALexander aia SU) U.S.

Pat.

No. published in Yo April 1984; US Patent No. 781851 U.S.

Pat.

No. 4,789,861 Johnson Published Jan 17 $V AAS US Patent No. 0 U.S.

Pat.

No. 4587308 £0AVY +A Makita published 1 May 1 7 US Patent No. 59,774,498 4734478 U.S.

Pat.

No. (suba isa (Tsubakimoto) published March 4?, 1488; US Patent No. 80164454 5164459 U.S.

Pat.

No. (Kimura et al.) published on November 17, 1447; German patent application published 40709780

published German patent application 4020780 eo (Dahmen) published Aug 79 N44 and European patent application 504708 published European patent application 509708 (Gartner) published 71

Oct 997; They are all incorporated here by reference.

J-all hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer particles

© The sold preparation of the present invention is essentially dry. The term "substantially dry" is used here to mean that the particles have a fluid content; Lind gai Water or solution content

AT Less than about 750 preferred Less than about 7718 More preferred Less than about 701 by weight

of particles. Generally the fluid content of the absorbent polymer particles is in the range from about 7050 to about 75 by weight of particles: the separated particles can be dried in either

0 Usual methods Jie heating. Alternatively, "when the particles are formed using the aqueous reaction mixture," the water can be removed from the reaction mixture by non-transformation distillation by boiling. The aqueous reaction mixture can be processed

Which contains a polymer, also a water-removing solvent, Jie, methanol, and Lad can be

Etihad use of these drying methods. Then the block from which the water is removed from the polymer can be crushed or cut to form essentially dry particles of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer D- Specific Examples ° Here are some specific examples of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers Suitable for use in the present invention: Example 1: Surface treatment SIU 1181 with ethylene carbonate Nalco 1180 with Ethylene Carbonate The gel-forming polymer is used hydrogel-forming polymer (Stall has an ail a connected 0 inversely Surface sodium polyacrylate is partially equivalent. Available from Nalco Chemistry Company, Naperville 7 Naperville TIT (Nalco 1180 1 Lot No.: (NCGL G3C 920E) and has the listed properties. Sample 1- 1 in Table 1 below Divide evenly 01 body part of this hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer into two Say polystyrene petri dishes 0 Disposal pete Weigh from Before 16971600 mm, the polymer is spread in each of the Petri dishes on the bottom so that the particles do not clump on top of each other. The Preval (Precision Valve Corporation; NUY Yonkers) machine gun is used to precipitate ?g of a 00 by weight aqueous solution of ethylene carbonate (?-dioxolane-7-1,3- dioxolan-2-one Aldrich cat. (E2,625-8) on © particles. This corresponds to 711 weight added to the starting polymer. Spray about half of the total amount onto the exposed surfaces of the particles. In the two petri dishes this leads to the adhesion of the particles generally in a structure similar to the layer The covers of the petri dishes are inverted and tapped so that each Petri dish the similar structure of the layer is transferred to the inverted lid of the 3 Petri dishes and the bottom surfaces are exposed to the particles Adhering particles are scraped in The bottom of the petri dish and ve transfer to the inverted lid Then add the other half of the quantity Cover the inverted lid of the petri dish 3 with the inverted bottom of the petri dish Weigh the whole system (bottom of the petri dish) Lid of the petri dish 0607 Polymer The gel component is hydrogel-forming polymer Sl and ethylene solution

YY

added). Determine the total weight of the ethylene carbonate carbonate solution with a gravimeter; By the difference of the weight petri deposited in both petri dishes ethylene carbonate federation before spraying. The like composition 850 (USA No. Yo hole) is stirred into the standard test filter 0 of the layer gently with gentle pressure using a wooden spatula and a plastic scoop so that the polymer mass passes through the screen and is collected in a container. Some natural loss occurs during this process. ©: The molecule is transferred to a dropper glass vessel and covered with a glass watch. The sample is placed in the polymer temperature set by LED after in a forced air furnace pre-heated by a rapid at 10 0 * deg. It is removed after one hour, placed in a drying box on a desiccator and re-weighed after 0.717.7 cooling to the ambient temperature. Most of the Ye molecules pass delicately with a wooden spoon and are transferred back to the filter (#AS) through the filter with motion and gentle pressure and collected in a vessel. Some slight natural loss of surface treatment to the additional polymer bottle occurs during this process. Then the polymer particles, ae tar, are transported for weighing and storage, resulting in a product weighing 17.4 gm. FC PUP value Average mass gel volume Extractions 7 Capacity maf

ONY (fe) (los) (ele) (009) cm" sec/ AA AA 7 AR 1 FNL 1-10

By year 7 81 to. Y- to (“Mean of the three determinations © for sample preparation 1-? (before surface contact) base polymer!”) (The manufacturer has extended by 11 hours for this sample Jayco the absorption time for Jayco urine 00

Ye

Nalco 1180 with ethylene carbonate SIU 1181 Example: Surface treatment at different levels g Yo on two additional parts 1 The surface treatment process described in the example of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer was repeated Nalco 1180 118318 of Nalco molecules, ethylene solution 725 0, but with a change in the added percentage of chydrogel-forming absorbent polymer 0 The polystyrene petri 01 times a second; each of the parts is divided The samples are heated ethylene carbonate to precipitate a polystyrene petri solution to treat the surface again for one hour.The results are shown in a table as follows: 1 Table Ve Code Ethylene Solution Loss Weight Average Gel Volume Extractions Capacity Value m PUP (os) Sample Carbonate at mass (g/g) cm (01 C | (μm) (g/g) 088 ethylene sec/g) 7 carbonate ( x (weight) te Yo 7 YAY 2 VY 8 10-1 4 8 7 7 £1.17.1 7 7-7 Average of the three determinations )( From hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers Sali Example ©?: Gel-forming absorbent polymers Commercial sources Partially equivalent sodium polyacrylate The properties of some sodium polyacrylate molecules produced from hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer sources for the polymer Aqueous gel component _1:7-+3 and Table 1-7 Trademark used in the present invention in Table 1-17 Table Sample Code | For sample design factory share no

W52521 Stockhausen Stockhausen;! A0-1

W52503 "for W52523" + aaa aaa aaa vb an vai rr aaa aaa aaa s_v 000 a XP-30 Nalco Chemical Nalco Chemical Company! A Ev 1-8 XP-30 oY —r—— es rao TT aaa oe what TYVY ASAP-1001 Chemadal Chemadal! A 1-1 va AEY !! V-Y

vo: () Stockhausen oS (Stockhausen) GmbH Chemische Fabrik Stockhausen from Krefeld ckrdfeld Germany Germany 0 Nalco Chemical from Naperville Illinois Jllinolis 00 Chemdal Company of Palatine, Illinois, Jllinois ° Table 1 v= 7.7 (00%) (g/g | weight) | (g/g) 011 cm sec/ : g) 0 \-¥ 1.1 ee yi Yo,4 71 Ou Y-v l Yo,¥ d »m 1 Y4, 4 ° Yov Ye F 11 yey ¢ ¥4.4 £9 ag ov 4 1 YoY v4.qy YY Vo Yo,¢ on. 1-0 “l .£6 yy A 7 7 () Average of the three determinations Example 4: A selected volume fractions Jail ll The aqueous component Jall hydrogel-forming polymer obtains selected volume fractions of sodium polyacrylate molecules partially equivalent to the polymer pal al The component of the water gel is 0 # straum, hydrogel-forming absorbent, and by volume division of the polymer mass through the USA standard test filter. SFC 0 ied specimen | (microns) (skulls) 01( PUP (Toss) 7 hm (ele) th/g);-1 * dl ¢.¢$ Ye 8m Yo 1 7-6 -.except 91 1 1 (Ty :- ?- otherwise YAY ¢ no Yoo 1 95 1 "8 0+.—Yoo0 u $—¢ v.¥ Yoo —Yo. 1 o—¢ 1 4 1 : ‎YV,Y 1 Ye You—\A. ! 1-¢ .9

( ) average of three determinations ( ) determined from the sample source value (Y-F jae number * unfractionated sample is 1-7611 lot number 2112; produced by Nippon Shokubai from Ozaka Japan. The source polymer has The following characteristics: mass © average 7900 can μm; fon fan 51.6 (Ja pan extracts”); 01 weight 7; PUP capacity 4 g/can value 01711 (SFC “cm” t/g.*- fibrous materials (Say) The absorbent members of the invention Mall are composed of fibrous materials to form a fibrous network or fibrous floor. The fibers used in the present invention include those naturally occurring (0-modified or unmodified); Examples of suitable natural fibers include unmodified/modified cotton Esparto grass bagasse kemp flax flax silk wool wood pulp Modified wood pulp (Wiles) polyvinyl fluoride polytetrafluoroethylene cpolytetrafluoroethylene polyvinylidene chloride 001771037110608 Polyacrylic Jw polyacrylics Orlon© ORLON® polyvinyl acetate polyethylvinyl acetate cpolyethylvinyl acetate polyvinyl alcohol Insoluble or water soluble » polyvinyl polyolefins such as polyethylene (example PULPEX® ©) and polypropylene 0017070071608 Jie polyamides nylon polyester 6 such as dacron© DACRON® or KODEL® polyurethanes, polystyrenes, and their analogues. The fibers used can only consist of natural fibers; Manufactured fibers (eda) or any compatible combination of natural and synthetic fibres. The fibers used in the present invention may be hydrophilic; Hydrophobic or union of yo are hydrophilic and hydrophobic fibers. As used by Hana, the term "hydrophilic" describes fibres; or fiber surfaces; Wetted with aqueous fluids (eg aqueous body fluids) deposited on these fibres. Hydrophilicity, wetness in the form of contact angle, and surface tension of joint fluids and solids are typically defined. vv This was discussed in detail in the Bulletin of the American Chemical Society entitled Angle of Contact; Wetness is said about (19764). (Copyright Robert F.

Gould and adhesion; Posted by Robert 7 Gould The fiber or surface of the fiber is wet with the fluid (i.e. hydrophilic) when the angle of contact between the fluid and the fiber or its surface is less than 960”; or when the fluid tends to spread spontaneously over the surface of the fiber; Both cases naturally exist together. on the contrary; A fiber or surface is considered hydrophobic if the contact angle is greater than 0" and the fluid does not spontaneously diffuse over the surface of the fiber. The specific test for hydrophilic or hydrophobic fibers will depend on the fluid handling and other desirable properties of the resulting absorbent; For example, for absorbent members used to replace a hydrophobic non-woven upper layer; at least one of the absorbent members Lia or (typically LIS) the absorbent member of the absorbent wearer may incorporate as desired hydrophobic fibers. The hydrophobic fibers in at least one of the absorbent members can be of benefit where the member containing the hydrophobic fibers is adjacent to a sufficiently permeable substrate and the constituent member (JE) is not 'breathing' of the absorbent such as Cut pants for hydrophobic fibers are an impermeable barrier to fluids. For many of the absorbent members of the present invention, the use of hydrophilic fibers is preferred. This is especially true of absorbent members that are required to efficiently absorb body fluids ejected. Then quickly transport and distribute The fluid acquired to other distant regions of the absorbent organ or the absorbent core. It is preferable to use hydrophilic fibers for those absorbent organs that include hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers. Hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers. Hydrophilic fibers suitable for use in the present invention include cellulosic fibers. 7 crayon rayon “modified cellulosic fibers” cellulosic fibers polyethylene terephthalate polyethylene terephthalate Jie polyester fibers jiu hydrophilic nylon DACRON® (Example “Dacron©” and similar ones. Suitable hydrophilic fibers can be obtained by converting hydrophobic (HYDROFIL®) fibers into hydrophobic ones such as fibers treated with a surfactant or plastic fibers vo polyethylene Jie polyolefins derived from, for example, thermoplastic polyolefin silica treated with silica Or polypropylene 0017070031606 polyacrylic 0017801108 polyamide polyethylene

Ya

and their analogues. Polyurethanes, cpolystyrenes, polystyrene. 8 Especially wood pulp fibers “cellulosic fibers” and for reasons of availability and cost; Cellulose fibers are preferred for use in the present invention. Suitable wood pulp fibers can be obtained from well-known chemical processes such as the wolsulfite process ©50151. It is especially preferable to bring wood pulp fibers from southern softwood kraft over wood pulp fibers from Lad processes, and Ld can be obtained as a result of its high absorption properties mechanically (Aes bottom wood pulping processes; mechanical purification; thermomechanical; Jie mechanical; and chemical thermomechanical wood pulp. Recycled wood pulp fibers can be used or secondary to discolored and undiscolored wood pulp fibers. 0 and a desirable source of hydrophilic fibers for use in the present invention especially For absorbent members that give both the properties of gaining and distributing fluids, it is cellulose fibers that have been chemically stiffened.As used here, the term “chemically stiffened cellulosic fibers” means cellulosic fibers that have been hardened with chemical fluids to increase the stiffness of the fibers under dry conditions. These fluids include 1 the addition of a chemical hardening agent, for example, surrounds and/or coats the fibers, and these fluids may include the hardening of the fibers by changing the chemical composition, such as the reverse connection of polymer chains, and include polymer hardening agents that can surround or Cellulosic fibers encapsulate positively charged ions modified starch having nitrogen-containing groups (eg; Amino groups such as those available from ve National Starch and Chemical Company; NUT Bridgewater USA; Latexes wet resistant polyamid-epichlorohyrin resin ( eg “Kymene®© 55711 (Kymene® Hercules, Wilmington, Del. USA) polyacrylamide resins described” eg in US Patent No. AVY Jan. 19 and others) published in Coscia U.S. Pat. No. 3556932 7057477 ro Polyacrylamide 505 Commercially Available Marketed by Cyanamid Corporation of America; AY “Conn” Stamford, Inc. USA; under the trade name va gil yy curea formaldehyde formaldehyde Lid tParez® 631 NC 6311 resin © Cad polyethylene resin 061737176 formaldehyde resins Melamine formaldehyde used JL and a general article can be obtained About the resistant polyethylenimine resins No. TAPPI monograph TAPPI in the art of paper and generally used here in the monograph series 'Wetting resistance of paper and paperboard' Technical Society of Paper and Pulp (New York; 74 0 (Yate) agents can be added elie connection These fibers can also be hardened by a chemical reaction; bonds back-connect within the fibres. Wha reverse bonds to fibers that; after addition; The reverse connection can increase the stiffness of the fibers. While it is preferable to use reverse bonds within the fibers for the chemical hardening of the fibers; However, it does not mean that it excludes other types of reactions 0 of the chemical stiffening of the fibers. The cross-linked cross-linked fibers are shown in a separate form (i.e. the separate stiffening fibers; in addition to their preparation processes); Example; In US Patent No. £1970 Dec 71 published in Bernardin U.S. Pat No. 3224926??? 71 published Chung U.S. Pat. No. 3440135 74401748 US Patent No. 1

U.S.A. Pat. No. 3932209 74,777,084 US Patent No. VATS April YY in and US Patent No. VAY January TY published in “Chatterjee (Chatterjee July VY et al.) published in Sangenis (Sanginis US. Pat. No. 4035147 5078149 4,877457 Preferred sclerotic fibers are described in US Patent No. 19/7 Apr 9849 9; VA Pat. et al.) published in Dean U. 5. Pat.No. 4822453 v.

V4 and others) published in Dean U.S. Pat. No. 48880933 £AAA+AYY US No. Moore U.S. Pat. No. 4898642 5/5485 47 Dec 9891; US Patent No. 5177577 Published + Feb 1400 & US Patent No. (cn ATs Moore Aug 1947; all incorporated here by reference. 11 et al.) published in Herrow Reverse Connection Into Fibers Spain Including chemical processes for cross-linked fibers Most Yo with reverse bonding agents while these fibers are in a state of relative dryness; lack of fibrous (i.e. separated); Cs dialdehyde monomeric Cp-Cy dialdehyde but not limited to; Cp-Co polycarboxylic acids having digestive function especially C,-Cg 220002107065 and 0-02 These compounds are capable of reacting with at least two ene of Polycarboxylic acids alone or on a cellulose chain in a cellulose chain hydroxyl groups Certain hydroxyl groups of reverse bonding agents, but one AB Aid includes almost cellulose chains in 0 formaldehyde eglyoxal glyoxal cglutaraldehyde is not limited to glutaraldehyde oxydisuccinic acid cglyoxylic acid ya 4a formaldehyde The reverse connection effect under these conditions citric acid and oxydisuccinic acid to form stiff fibers which tend to recover their twisted curly shape During use in thermally bonded absorbent formulations here. These fibers and their manufacturing processes have been described in 0 previous patents

The number of curly preferred stiff fibers can be determined by reference to both the 'twist count' of the fiber and the 'curl factor' of the fiber. As used here, the term 'twist count' refers to the number of knots in a length. A given part of the fibre. The number of vos is used as a means of measuring the degree to which the fiber rotates about its longitudinal axis. The term “twist node” refers to a true axial rotation of OVAL about the longitudinal axis of the fibre. Where part of the fiber ( i.e. the knot) is dark compared to the rest of the fiber when you look under the microscope with transmitted light. The knot of the nightshade appears dark at places where the transmitted light passes through an additional fiber wall as a result of the aforementioned rotation. The distance between the nodes corresponds to the axial rotation VAL and the number ld © indicates the nodes in A specific length of the fiber (i.e. the number of fibers) directly to the degree of warp All, which is a natural measure of the fiber The processes for determining the knots of fibers and the total number of fibers are described in the patent

US No. 49843547 4989642 Pat.

No. 11.5. Preferred stiff fibers shall have an average dry fiber number of at least about LV preferably at least about £0.00 torsion; knots per millimeter. add to that; The average axe of the wet fiber fibers for these fibers is preferably at least about VA preferably at least about FF and preferably at least about 0.0 knot twist per millimeter less than the average number of dry fiber fibers . It is even more preferable that the average number of dry fiber fibers be at least about 0.0 warp

the

Cay: knots per millimeter and the average number of loops of wet fiber should be at least about £ 0 knot warp of knots per millimeter less than the average number of 1 loops per millimeter and should also be at least 1.0 kilos of dry fiber strongly preferred; The average number of loops of dry fiber should be less than about knot twist per millimeter, and the average number of wet fiber loops should be at least about knot twist per millimeter less than 1 knot twist per millimeter and it should also be at least 0 The average number of dry loofahs. > 1 Description of the loofah curl (Says, these stiff fibers are also curly. col AY) In addition to the partial shortness of the loofah as a result of bottlenecks; Bends and/or folds in the loofah. For the purposes of the invention, it is possible to determine how much the degree of curling of the fiber is measured. The fiber on a flat, two-dimensional basis by means of a fibrous crimping agent. determines the loofah's wrinkle factor; Two-dimensional measurement of a fiber by looking at 0 two-dimensional plane. to determine the wrinkle factor; measured no; The projected length of the fiber as the longest dimension of the fiber wrinkle factor Ly and the true length of the fiber is calculated; Lp is a two-dimensional rectangle surrounding the fiber; from the following equation: (A1m/m)-1 = the wrinkle factor that Described in the patent Lag Lr image analysis method can be used to measure the Vo of preferably stiff fibers having a factor (U.S.

Pat.No. 4898642 5894747 American No. Cellulosic fibers co wrinkle at least about 0.7 and preferably more wrinkle agent at least chemically hardened have certain properties that make them particularly useful in some absorbent organs according to the present invention in relation to non-stiffened cellulose fibers . In addition, it is hydrophilic; These sclerotic fibers have a unique combination of stiffness and elasticity. This enables absorbent formulations that have © aa iY! The thermal bond formed by these fibers maintain high levels of resilience and have high levels of resilience and an extended reaction to wetness. especially; The flexibility of these stiff fibers allows the absorbent member to better maintain its capillary structure in the presence of both the fluid and the compressive forces naturally encountered during use, and therefore it is more resistant to folding. of the present invention; The member includes Alls in thermoplastic in addition to the fibers. at fusion At least part of the material migrates

: thermoplastic to the point where the fibers meet; Typically resulting from a capillary gradient between fibres. The junction points are bonding points for the thermoplastic material. At cilia Tay al these thermoplastic materials at the points of contact form bond centers that hold the floor or fiber network together in each of the successive layers.:

Among its various effects; The bonding at the fiber connection points increases the total pressure coefficient and the strength of the resulting thermally bonded member. In the case of continuous cellulosic fibers (Liles), the melting and migration of the thermoplastic material also has the effect of increasing the average pore size of the resulting network, while maintaining the density and basal weight of the network as originally formed. This can improve the fluid gain properties of the connected member. thermally at the beginning of the discharge, as a result of the improvement of the fluid permeability;

0 and at the next output; As a result of the ability of the hardened fibers to maintain their stiffness when wet and the ability of the thermoplastic material to remain attached at the points where the fibers meet when wet and when wet. Generally, the sclerotic fiber webs retain the original overall size; But while keeping the volumetric regions previously occupied with thermoplastic material open so as to increase the size of the capillary hole between the fibers.

The thermoplastic material used in the present invention may be in any of the various

ve shapes that include particles; Fibers or a collection of particles and fibers. PVC fibres

Refractory is a particular shape preferred for its ability to form bonding centers between fibres. Materials can be configured

A suitable thermoplastic is made of any thermoplastic polymer that can be melted at

Temperatures that do not lead to severe destruction of the fibers that make up the fabric or the primary floor of each layer.

It is preferred that the melting point of this thermoplastic material be less than about 190*C

© Between about 75*C and about Asi VO and under any conditions, the melting point of this substance

Thermoplastics must not be lower than the temperature of the absorbent fittings

thermally bonded when used in an absorbent; The melting point of the thermoplastic material is typically stored at no less than Aeon

Thermoplastics can be configured; especially thermoplastic fibers; from many

Ye thermoplastic polymers, including polyolefins such as polyethylene

polyethylene (eg PULPEX®) and cpolypropylene co-ester

5 copolymer ccopolyesters Polyvinyl acetate

P 17

Polyethylvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylic 5. Polyamides «covalent polyamides ccopolyamides polystyrene cpolystyrenes | Polyurethanes and copolymers of any of the previous materials © such as vinyl chloride on vinyl acetate and the like. A preferred thermoplastic binder is PLEXAFIL® polyethylene microfibers (manufactured by DuPont) which is also available in 7710 blends with 780 cellulosic fibers sold under the brand name AS KITTYHAWK© (Manufactured by WireHesser Inc. 0 177©026085).Depending on the desired properties of the resulting thermally bonded absorbent member, suitable thermoplastics include hydrophobic fibers that are transformed into hydrophilic ones such as an agent-treated thermoplastic fiber Surface activator or treatment with silica derived from polyolefins such as polyethylene or polypropylene polyacrylic polyamide polystyrene 00135176068 polyurethanes Ve and the like. The thermoplastic fiber is hydrophobic to hydrophobic by treating it with a surface activator such as a non-ionic or negatively charged surface activator e.g.; spraying the fiber with a surface activator; placing the fiber in a surface activator or incorporating the surface activator as part of the molten polymer in the composition of the thermoplastic fiber . Upon melting and re-hardening, the surfactant tends to remain on the surfaces of the thermoplastic fibre. Suitable surfactants ve include non-ionic surfactants such as Brij® 76 V1© manufactured by ICT USA Wilmington Corporation Del. delaware Various surfactants sold under Pegosperse© Trademark by Glyco Chemical, Inc. Greenwich .conn «SiS »Greenwich In addition to non-ionic surfactants, negatively charged Yo surfactants can also be used. This surface-active Jal gall can be added to thermoplastic fibers at levels; Example; From about 1.7 to about 1 g/cm" of thermoplastic fiber. L

£1 Suitable thermoplastic fibers can be made from a single polymer (one-component fibre); Or it may be made from more than one polymer (eg two-component fibres). As used herein “two-component fiber” refers to a thermoplastic fiber having a fiber core made of one polymer enclosed in a thermoplastic sheath of another polymer. The polymer that makes up the sheath often melts at a temperature of different, typically oJ of the polymer core. As a result, these two-component fibers give thermal bonding as a result of the fusion of the shell polymer while maintaining the desired strength properties of the polymer core. Suitable bi-component fibers for use may include In the present invention shell/core fibers having polymer conjugates: 0017006: polyethylene polypropylene 001701700166 polyethylvinyl acetate polypropylene 001017071606 polyethylene polyester polypropylene [polypropylene polyester : 00176816 covalent polyester [copolyester polyester] etc. Two-component thermoplastic fibers particularly suitable for use here are those that ve have a polypropylene or polyester core and a lower melting point poly (jiu) covalent ccopolyester polyethylvinyl acetate or polyetnylene (eg DANAKLON® CELBOND® or CHISSO® two-component fibres). These two-component fibers can be either centralized or non-centralized. As I am using here, the terms "concentric" and "eccentric" | 00 denotes whether the coating has a flat or uneven thickness within the cross-sectional area of the two-component fiber. Two-component off-centre fibers may be desirable to provide greater compressive forces at a lower fiber thickness. Two-component fibers suitable for use here can be uncurled (ie not bent) or crimped (ie bent). The two-component fibers can be crimped with typical weave methods such as; For example, the raw material bin method or the gear crimping method to obtain a two-dimensional curly Ye or Neo, and in the case of thermoplastic fibers, its length can vary depending on a certain melting point and other desired properties of these fibers. Typically these thermoplastic fibers have a length of AA go (Job) to about ¥ cm ¥ to about 7.5 cm long; preferably from about 1.7 al grade includes about ga cm long. Thermoplastics can also be adjusted from 1.7 or better from about 7 to about 7 by changing the diameter (gauge) of the fibers. Typically the melting GUY diameter of these is known as g/decitex or decitex. denier This thermoplastic fiber is either denier m).A suitable two-component thermoplastic fiber can have decitex of 00001 preferably of 01 to about 04 to about 10; preferably of about 1 in a range of about *

HF to about 1.7 intensities of about. The compression modulus of these plastics, especially those of thermoplastic fibers, can also be significant. The coefficient of compression of thermoplastic fibers is affected not only by their length and diameter, but also by the components of the final shape and composition of polymers or polymers, by the component and properties of the polymer 0 the fibers (eg central or non-centric; wrinkled or non-wrinkled) and similar factors. Variations in the compression modulus of these thermoplastic fibers can be used to alter the properties, especially the density properties, of the corresponding absorbent members during the preparation of the absorbent core. vo is found in absorbent networks. For example, a reinforced cloth can be placed inside the absorbent member or between the successive absorbent members of the absorbent core. This reinforced cloth must be in a specific shape so that it does not form barriers between its two sides for the transfer of fluids, especially if it is placed between the successive absorbent members of the absorbent core. Also, when the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers are present in one or more of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers core, the corresponding absorbent membrane or the total absorbent core can be encapsulated in a membrane permeable to fluids such as a free absorbent polymer. Paper texture layer to avoid user concern in terms of polymer particles Other optional components that can be included are odor control materials; Adhesives; contain fecal matter; etc. The absorbent members of the present invention may also include foam-based sorbents. Suitable foam absorbents include those described in Yo

DesMarais i) U.S. Pat. No. 5260345 ©7707 48 US Invention No

OVEVYE0 and others) published November 9, 19599 US Patent No.

£1 Young zis) U.S.

Pat.

No. 5147345 and others) published on VO September 19597 Both merged here by reference. C- Sorbent members containing gel-forming absorbent polymers SL hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers GSH base weight and fluid handling properties At least one of the absorbent members of the present invention consists of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers hall prepackaged with or without other optional ingredients such as fiber; thermoplastics; etc. These absorbent members consist of absorbent polymers that can act as fluid storage organs in the absorbent core. 0 The primary function of fluid storage organs is to absorb body fluids exited directly or from other absorbent organs (such as fluid acquisition/distribution organs). Then you keep these fluids; Even when subjected to pressures that correspond naturally as a result of the wearer's movement. It must be understood though; These polymer-containing absorbent organs can perform functions other than fluid storage. An important aspect of these absorbent members, according to the present invention, is that they contain one or more regions that have a high concentration of these hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers. In order for Bal to provide an absorbent film capable of absorbing and retaining a large amount of body fluids; It is desirable to increase the level of these gel-forming absorbent polymers. Hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers and to reduce the level of x. GAY components, especially the fibrous components. In order to use these hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers at a relatively high concentration, the important thing is that these polymers have a relatively high permeability under pressure (i.e. the SFC value) in addition to the high need for absorption capacity. Under a high specific pressure (i.e. the capacity value of this PUP so that the Cus polymer swells in the presence of body fluids gives sufficient capacity to gain the output Yo body fluids and then transport these fluids through a region or layer of gel-linked fluid transition to other regions from the absorbent organ and/or the absorbent core.

ty

And by measuring the concentration of the pale concentration of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer in a specific area, the percentage by weight of the hydrogel-forming polymer is used in relation to the addition of the weight of the hydrogel-forming polymer and any other component. Ju) fiber; thermoplastics 0; etc.) present in the region containing the polymer and taking into consideration that the level of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers All in a certain region in the absorbing member La of the present invention can be in a range of about To to 700 is preferred from about 71 to 5000 is preferred over from about 880 to 7001 and the best

From about 00 to .7001

0 Another important aspect is the base weight of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer in a given region of the absorbent. The permeability properties of the gel and the strongly required absorption capacity of this hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer depend on the absorption performance of the absorbent member and the absorbent core at certain minimum base weights of the polymer and in measuring the base weight of the absorbent polymer.

1 _ The hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer in a specific area of the absorbent organ. Grams of polymer per square meter (8801) of area are used. And taking into consideration that the base weight of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer in a specific region of the absorbent member of the present invention is at least about 01 (gsm) preferably at least about 71 (gsm) more preferably than

The least is about ©0 (gsm) and the best is at least about 001 (gsm) Typical values for these base weights are in the range of about 01 to about 0001 (gsm) more precisely from about 0 to about (gsm) 0 and more accurate from about 0.01 to about 600 gsm).

And when the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer is included

In the absorbent storage organ at a sufficiently high concentration and base weight, swelling with body fluids is below

Yo is a pressure that leads to the adhesion of the borders of the resulting hydrogel in a specific area (that is, the hydrogel in

area is contiguous). Legs between these highly concentrated extended/bulging regions are surrounded by vacuoles

And the capillaries are generally with aqueous gels; Thus, a fluid transport region or layer is attached to the gel. for this

£A : areas; It is believed that the fluid permeability approaches that of a comparative hydrogel layer under pressure from the polymer alone. add to that; The use of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers described before, which have relatively high SFC values, gives higher permeability and thus the acquisition of fluids and good transport properties for these regions or layers to transport o fluids connected to the gel. The integrity of the wetness of the absorbent member and/or the absorbent core during the acquisition of the first fluids; the use of the absorbent core is in the case of Ad flow. There are different ways to use the absorbent core after this point to acquire the initial fluids. The fluid can move through the layer Ll It enters the heart over a larger area. This is an undesirable situation as this fluid comes into contact with the skin and becomes vulnerable to leakage from the aba device SY) Some features of the suction device such as leg-flexion barriers can help with the latter. Also use of fluid acquisition organs Specific to move the fluid under the upper layer before entering the storage areas of the absorbent core.Despite these methods to improve fluid handling performance, there is a need for lu CY more outward fluid movement (i.e. dimensions (XY) whenever possible in the storage areas of the core especially The thinner and thinner the absorbent core becomes 1. The inherent improvement in fluid outward movement gained from the absorbent members composed of the relatively high permeability hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers (Jal) previously described require a certain amount of natural contact in the containing region. On the aqueous gel (i.e., the fluid transition layer or region attached to the gel) for the possibility of sufficient fluid movement through the gaps 0 and adjacent intercapillaries. It was easy to identify the benefits of these highly permeable hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers with absorbent organs and absorbent cores designed to reduce or minimize the appearance of tears in the fluid transition areas or layers connected to the gel formed when the polymer sed sl swells with body fluids. Sorbent members and/or cores that provide these qualities are herein referred to as having good wettability. By "good wettability" we mean that a region or ve regions of the absorbent body having a high concentration of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer have sufficient integrity in dry conditions; Wetness (eal) and/or wettability so that the natural integrity (and thus the ability to acquire and transport fluids through the gaps/

contiguous intercapillaries) of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer bulge of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer in the presence of body fluids is not substantially interrupted or altered even when subjected to normal conditions of use during normal use; The absorbent cores in absorbents are typically subjected to tensile and torsion forces of varying degrees and directions. These stretching and torsional forces include stretching in the groin area.” tensile and torsional forces Jie the person wearing the suction cup; Walking; Squatting, bending and the like. And if the safety of wetness is not enough; Tensile and torsional forces can cause substantial change and/or rupture in the normal integrity of the hydrogel as its ability to transport fluids through adjacent vacuoles and capillaries decreases, for example; The region or layer attached to the gel can be partially separated (LIS) have 0 gaps; have areas thinned by Alle and/or ruptured into many small pieces daa This change can reduce or reduce the permeability properties/ Characteristic flow delivery of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer described above Good wetting integrity according to the invention Jal can be achieved with designs JE different components etc. in the absorbent member having a high concentration of the absorbent polymer The component of the 0d chydrogel-forming absorbent polymer Other components of the absorbent core (eg fluid-acquiring organs); Other components of the absorbent (eg top and/or bottom layer); or any combination of these components, including: Modification of components in The fibrous components of an absorbent member can be modified naturally, chemically or otherwise, to increase vo resistance to wetting The fibrous components can also be modified to form interlocking fibers; fragments of fibers; or irregularities in surfaces that overlap or add integrity to the absorbent member Cf . US Patent No. 44,725,077 4935,022 U.S.

Pat.

No. (Lash et al.) published June 19, 19560. The hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer itself may also be modified such that it is in a fibrous state or by a twist; Yo Curl Adjust loofah length; or adjust surface properties that create interference or add integrity to the absorbent member. 08 US Patent No. 4,831,874 4,861,539 USS.

Pat.

No. (Allen et al.) published Aug. 74 AAR 6) US Patent No. 49417714

‎U.S Pat.

No. 4997714 (Farrat et al.) published * Mar 19199; US Patent No. 49571177 4962172 U.S.

Pat.

No. (Allen et al.) published October 9, 1998 U.S. Patent No.

Pat.

No. 147956 1497487 (Allen et al.) published September 11, 1987. © b Locating the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer in specific regions of the absorbent. Example; The absorbent material can have a well-shaped polymer concentration that provides areas containing little or no polymer and thus reduces the intermittent dependence of polymer swelling on wettability. Compare with US Patent #5,047677 U.S.

Pat.

No. 5047023 00 (Berg published Sep 01) 149 US Patent Application Serial No. U.S.

Pat.

No. 141156 1511976 (Richards et al.) Listed 71 Oct 597 J- Addition of fibrillar components to the Jal hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer containing a hydrolynelene absorbent member. vo These fibrous components can contribute to interlocking integrity; Alternatively, with proper heating, bonds can be formed between the olefins, for example; thermal bonds, especially when using two-component thermoplastic fibers. © Patent Universal Application (PCT) 11/167 (Lash” (Published Aug A 144) US Application Serial No. 11166 application Ser.

No. 141156 .17.5 (Richards et al.); Listed 1 October 0 19597. It may also include stabilized fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers in other absorbent members of the absorbent core. Compare with US Order U.S. Serial No. application Ser.

No. 08/153739 08/157774 (Dragoo and others); Listed Nov 11 9997; and US Application Serial No. 6646441/8; application Ser.

No. 08/164049 .17.5 (Dragoo and others); Listed on A Dec vo Aa D - Adhesive use

hut

This includes ol ad loofah flour; Wet sealing resin (eg wet resistant resin) and hot melt adhesive is eg flexible hot melt adhesive. Compare with U.S. Application No. application Ser.

No. 08/153739 » 8/1579774 Ju Lud (Dragoo and others); degree on November 11, 1447; US Application M Serial Number U.S. application Ser.

No. 08/164049 08/164644 (Dragoo and others); Listed A Dec 9997; and US Application Serial No. 8/4764 U.S. application Ser. 110.4 (Ashton et al.); Listed on YU Jul

7E - Use of single or multiple fold-like components or layers that maintain integrity. For example, one or more non-woven permeable layers and/or wet-resistant fabrics may be used. These layers or non-woven fabrics can be adjacent or not adjacent to the absorbent member that contains the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer and can be connected with one or more components of the yo absorbent member containing the polymer: 0017006 or to other organs of the absorbent core with thermal or adhesive bonding for additional safety. Gann with US Patent No. 748507 U.S.

Pat.

No. 4,798,603 (Meyer et al.); Published January 17, 1484 U.S. Application No. application Ser.

No. 08/153739 18/1679774 Ju Ludll (Dragoo and others); Listed November 11 VARY US Application Serial No. x.4 to date November 08/164049 U.S. application Ser.

No. (Dragoo and others); inscribed in

.997 Dec A to hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer | F- The connection of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer with one or more fold-like components or layers or between these components or layers (eg These layers can be treated to give an appropriate wetting resistance. For example, textile layers can be wetted with water Yo from Dew to wet the polymer When dry, the laminated absorbent member has ALB or shifted to absorb quantities of dryness and stability so that the polymer is not loose and difficult to filter. The absorbent organ can also be configured so that the polymer contains or is coated with a glue fixed with wetness or bonded in a fixed way, thus giving als ll to wetness with the layer or layers of tissue around the edges of the containing area additional dryness and wetness safety and preventing the migration of the polymer outside As an alternative, the absorbent organ can be configured to encapsulate the polymer again, collect in specific areas, or remain in place 0 with fixed bonds of wetness at certain points or spaces between tissue layers, which better improves the safety of dryness and wetness of the organ and prevents migration The hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer outside the organ. Compare with the patent of Lash et al. (Lash et al., U.S.). Pat. No. 4935022 49578077 US Patent No. June 14560; US Patent No. 14775 1H 119 published in

YY (Published in Kellenberger et al. et al. san Kellin USS. Pat, No. 5149335 00 © 1447 Sept. D) Absorbent Cores The absorbent cores of the present invention form a high concentration of absorbent polymers component used alone or in combination with hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers for hydrogels other absorbent members in many absorbent cores other absorbent members may include those used primarily to acquire body fluids excreted before these fluids are distributed into Fluid storage member of the absorbent core This includes absorbent members that provide multiple properties for fluid handling

Says the acquisition and distribution of fluids) or the properties of a single fluid treatment (eg » fluid distribution). aqueous absorbent polymers ¥. Relatively high as described in (1)(b) previously) or may include PUP 5 SFC (eg capacitance values having the properties of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer Jall lower component absorbent polymers) . PUP and/or SFC different normal (eg upper assembly capacitance values having: (a) layer (1) and one suitable absorbent core according to the present invention: ¢hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer gain not having a hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer vo and (b) an absorbent polymer layer consisting mainly of a hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer cm "V x at least about; SFC having a value of Jf hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer 1745 º oy

Vex 4 cm” sec/g; preferably more at least” 7 01 + sec/g; Preferably at least about cm sec/g and present in a quantity of at least 11 x 10 cm sec/g is preferable at least and (7) a bottom assembly that includes: (1) an upper layer with gaps for storage and return 71 gsm is approximately the distribution of body fluids and (b) a substrate containing a high concentration of gel-forming absorbent polymer.

Another PUP 5 SFC having at least the capacity value of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer Salle described in (i)(b) above and where at least about 9670 of the total quantity of the second polymer contained in the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer Salle is The hydrogel component of the upper and lower layers is present in the lower half of the thickness collected from the upper and lower layers. (aba icy) showing a cross-section of a tool 1 Fig. 1. One of these absorbent cores is shown in Fig. Ve is available Between 01 and an absorbent core indicated 11 bottom layer VY having a top layer 01 indicated Yo of Yo as shown in this figure; The NT core and bottom layer 11 upper layer consists of YE layer and bottom assembly 78. YE upper assembly consists of a top assembly including hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer fo and an FY acquisition/distribution top layer With the first VY tissue layer separated from the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer 1 acquisition layer.

YA lower layer off of upper fibrous layer YA lower assembly consists of LZ having two folds in the © direction and a chydrogel-forming absorbent polymer layer that forms the absorbent polymer forming the hydrogel or 1 and 40 can be They are separate layers as shown in Fig. TY and the layers of texture can be combined into one layer and act as a storage and redistribution assembly. As shown in Figure 1; It is YS that the layers do not have to be equal in span. The VY layer in the upper assembly 74 is the upper affecting layer in the absorbent core, and it typically does not contain the absorbent polymer P137010861-507 (108). If the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer is included The amount should be kept relatively low and preferably not vo containing substantially a strong adsorbent; at least in the top half layer FY and generally through most or all of the thickness. See US Pat. Young et al.) published in June A VAY and US Application No. Judie 6765776.

of | U.S.A. application Ser.

No. 625776 (Cook et al.) listed on 117 December 1996 and incorporated by reference. The layer YY can be foam or other suitable porous or capillary material but is usually of a fibrous material. The fibrous material can be any fibrous material that has an appropriate resistance in the case of wetness, that is, it is able to maintain the size of a satisfactory gap under these conditions. 0 and a particularly preferred fiber material for the FY layer is chemically stiffened fibers as described in B(Y) preceding typically in amounts from *0 to 77,000 wt. of layer 77. The layer can be 4 lbs in the upper assembly YE can be complementary to the lower part of the layer YY, but it is preferable that it be a separate layer and can be separated from the layer TY with a tissue or other component that acts as a containment barrier for the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer. It is important that Layer + allows body fluids acquired in layer TY to pass quickly through it and is distributed after layer £0. The amount of the first hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer in layer must be 500 enough to provide a water gel layer when it swells by absorbing body fluids. during use. The first hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer is usually in the form of particles and is usually present in an amount of at least about 71 8900; more typically in 1 quantity at least about 8800 00. Generally the 0 pound layer should not be too thick; Naturally, the amount of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer is less than about 771 gsm and more typically under about 001 gsm. The lower YA assembly acts as a storage and redistribution component for the Yo core and includes (ble Ada). usually fibrous; and a layer of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer All© ii. Generally the upper £4 layer of the YA bottom assembly is fibrous but may be formed of foam or other suitable capillary or porous material; Ales or different from layer FY and the top layer £4 may not contain substantially or WIS the absorbent polymer P07L(0200?-1©P03:0:08). However, it is often It is preferable that the upper and lower layers be; Jha from about 71 to about 00 more typically than from about Vo to about 798 of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer all Jall

} ’ this second is in the lower 7560 of the combined layers £6 LEA and there may be some; Example to about 0 of the second hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer ld in the upper half of the combined layers ;; EAs and hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer I are available; © and sometimes hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer (all) as the second layer consisting primarily of absorbent polymer. "predominantly" means at least about do and more typically at least about 71 or about 780 One of the Ee or EA layers is the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer. These layers of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer can be attached to <hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer or 0 supported by a support layer. The distribution between the layers 560 or EA can be uniform or can be changed Jie to give a design with the shape of the layout or formation of the Jala layer. (Jide lai US Patent No. 44786077 4935022 U.S.

Pat.

No. (Lash and others); published. The layers may be 50 or EA hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer interleaved with or immersed within the backing layer; Such as textile 0 _ based on cellulose or any non-woven material. The hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer Al can be interwoven with the support layer by bonding or by mechanical means such as by embossing or pressing. as an alternative; The £0 or EA layers can be substantially only hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers. Additional layers can be incorporated into the absorbent core 010. As mentioned before, the Tissue © layers can be incorporated. Example; The textile layer can be used to encapsulate the first hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer, Ss, and the second hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer. A suitable absorbent core AT according to the present invention includes a multilayer composition preferably consisting of: (1) an acquisition layer; (¥) a storage layer wherein the absorbent layers consist of a high concentration of vo hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer. A forming absorbent polymer with previously defined physical properties (including a high PUP capacity value of 5 SFC) is located below the acquisition layer; optionally a stable fluid permeable interfacial integrity layer is located between the acquisition layer and the storage layer.

on

The acquisition layer and storage layer consist of at least some moisture insensitive fibers (ie

Fluid) Jie is a curly synthetic fiber that increases the wettability of these two layers and forms a stable bond

For fluids to other components of the absorbent core or absorbent applicator. See US Application No

U.S. series

Applications under No. 08/153739 +A/Yo¥V¥a (Dragoo and others);

F Listed November 01, 1947 and U.S. Application No. Supplementary CAVE ES

US.

Applications under No. 08/164049 (Dragoo and others); Listed on Dec

19" and merged here with reference. The addition of manufactured curly fibers in the acquisition layer is an improvement

safety acquisition rate; Absorption capacity and elasticity of the acquisition layer. It provides manufactured fibres

Crimped Both improved integrity within the layer and improved integrity between the layer. This is due to the meeting of the fibers

0 Creased manufactured within the acquisition layer and storage layer and the availability of crimped manufactured fibers on

The surfaces of these layers to form stable bonds of the fluid to the fluid components of the absorbent core. and on

This gives the absorbent core many layers consisting of interlocking floors of fixed fibres

A fluid that is bound by fixed fluid bonds to fixed adjacent components of the fluid. It is also associated with the heart

The absorbent bonds the liquid firmly between the upper layer and the lower layer of the absorbent to prevent sagging

1 The hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer between the layers

The upper and lower layer (in other words, sagging within the absorbent body).

One of the multi-layered absorbent cores is shown in the form of ¥ showing the shape of ? Cross-section

For the absorbent indicated 011 has an upper layer 11 lower layer 117 and an absorbent core 01011

Located between upper layer 111 and lower layer LY VT as shown in this ISN Preferably

Ye 071 Ql consists of acquisition/distribution layer Aik (“acquisition layer” core layer

Storage Ak”) Storage 1171 (“storage layer) Preferably coexist in VY acquisition layer and VY layer

Fixed fluid interface (or “integrity layer”; 17 is located between the acquisition layer 01

storage layer 77; They are all in fluid contact with each other. The acquisition layer can be any

suitable size; The total length or width of the storage layer does not need to span 117

Yo acquisition 101 to be; Example; in the form of a strip or patch. In the embodiment shown as oF shows

Acquisition layer 11 as a single patch (ie mesh or layer) of non-woven material. It must be understood though; The acquisition layer 181 does not need to be a single layer.

A 174 ov In addition; in other embodiments. Instead of being separate and located on top of the storage, it can be an overlapping layer (or component) that includes the upper layer 111, the acquisition layer 17 and in this regard; It must be understood that the ITY absorbent core of the laminated storage layer can be used as a complete core or it can be used as one or more layers in combination 171 multilayer

AY Without Acquisition Layer 171 Layer Inversion. 6 hydrophilic multi-layer absorbent core can also be installed; But it can contain 11 components and it is preferable that the total acquisition layer be a woven material; non-woven material; or any type 11 hydrophobic. The acquisition layer may include a non-woven material. And when 111 is another appropriate article. It is preferred that the acquisition layer be formed by a number of different operations. and this (Say non-woven; Bale of 11 layers acquisitive bulging fusible bond yarn; carding ol sell dala includes but is not limited to; wet-bearing; 0 bonded"; solvent bonded SEY dad jo bonded through air; powder (ba (includes the latter; bonded or yarn bonded) and may prefer the latter processes (eg bonded yarn and carding) if desired to place the fibers in the gain layer because it is easier to place the fibers In one of the preferred embodiments, the acquisition layer is formed as “fluid stable bonds” are used. The term “fluid stable bonds” ve Here to the bonds that are not affected by the presence of body fluids.One of the preferred fibers to form stable bonds is the ductility of 171 for the fluid.

VW and flexibility. Curly synthetic fibers are also preferred because they can be overlapped to give the gain layer of a mixture of fibers 1 shown in Figure 111 greater safety. The gain layer shall preferably consist of crimped and natural fibers or reverse bonded cellulosic fibres. © of an admixture layer consisting of carrier mixture 171 and in a preferred embodiment; The acquisition layer consists of polyethylene terephthalate fibers polyethylene terephthalate 00 for air homogeneity of about 780 air or chemically stiffened cellulosic fibers (PET) hydrophobic wrinkled non-wrinkled length about 0 inch cfr preferably That the 0151 fibers have dn per fiber approx cm) crinkle frequency approx > crinkles per linear inch (4 7.9 cm) and curl angle VY (approx Ye

CAA about oA Alternative embodiments could be PET while the material of choice for crimped fibers in this embodiment is Other suitable materials for use as fibers include JPET Non-aqueous absorbent material having similar wettability Polyethylene nylon Nylon “Crimped polypropylene but not limited to polypropylene in addition to that” it is preferable that Denier Lbicomponent fibers and two-component polyethylene fibers preferably range from 71 dpf or 7 01 L to about 1 1/7 fibers to be in Range of about 1 inch The uncurled length of the fibers ranges from about 78 inches (about 7 cm) to about

Ash crinkles per inch 115 (approx. cm). The wrinkle frequency is preferably between about © and about ©. The amount of fibers ranges from ©001 to about 01 ". The wrinkle angle is preferably between about 75 to about 7480 for practical use in 79010 tools. The absorption that can be discarded from the point of view of costs is preferably between about 0

Jt to about 771 preferably more than about fon to about can dy during the diaper manufacturing process. In embodiment 101, the acquisition layer density can be removed. g/cubic inch A by compressing it to densities ranging upwards from about 171 gain layer densities or more. Additional variations may be desirable when a layer of Tm (g/07) is used in some types of absorbents. In one embodiment preferred it is a 0111 gain 1 of non-woven mesh 171 sq. Absorbency sanitary napkin; preferably an absorbent layer

Yo) Bayly fama 70 IT with a bonding of permanent moisture fibres. It is preferable that the acquisition layer be made of spun-bonded tissues of this type PET (g/m') of non-woven mesh spun with bonding, and the net is Mass. Walpole, Massachusetts Veratec Company Walpole like direction cand non-woven spun with a tie in such a way that most of the fibers are in the direction ©

PET 111 longitudinal resin; By selection. This gain layer material fiber is preferred and is available from CCELWET. It is surrounded by a permanent wet finish known as Charlotte's Hoechst Celanese Corporation.

N.C. And layer 111 between the choice layer 14 and it is preferable to have the fixed interlayer of the optional fluid Yo supported by the acquisition layer Jeli as a material (1) two main purposes: 1174 and the ATT layer serves storage and; and (i) a composition in which stable bonds of the fluid can be formed with the 111 fibers and the adjacent 171 storage layer

od. Manufactured in the acquisition layer 171 and the storage layer ITY, and it is preferable that the WWE layer retain a high degree of integrity at (JL) and should not interfere with the movement of fluid 111 to the storage layer 177, and it is also preferable to be flexible So that the elasticity of the absorbent is not substantially affected by the presence of the IVE fluid fixed bed In another preferred embodiment the layer is 114 non-woven polyester mesh spun with bonding. The VTE fluid is a substance known as REEMAY® 2055 sold by Reemay, TN “Old Hickory”. This substance has a base weight of about e.00 ounces / Ba (about Ta fan). 7 Deniers per fiber of woven three-lobe fiber in cross-section 0. Reemay mesh is identical to the material used in the BOUNCE® dryer layers of Procter & Gamble Company of Cincinnati. Ohio urges US Patent No. TA 73766 CL AEYTY (U.S.

Pat.

Nos. 4073996, 4237155, and 5094761 An important factor for selecting a polyester woven 2 mesh is its permeability. The Reemay network (slay y) also contains spaces between ve fibers of sufficient size to allow some fibers in acquisition layer 11 to penetrate into storage layer 07 and some fibers in storage layer 197 to penetrate into acquisition layer AY. In an alternative embodiment, layer 14 may consist of other non-aqueous absorbent materials Allee of polyester and examples of materials suitable for use as the FE layer include but are not limited to polypropylene nylon cnaylon and polyethylene plus “lA©” in other embodiments instead of using synthetic materials; layer 174 may include a highly wet-resistant fabric; low tensile strength (gl) low stretch) present in a composition where interfabric bonds are Wet Resistant Adjacent Ac Layer 111 and Storage Layer 1” stays strong when wet. in alternate incarnations; HIGH WATTING RESISTANT ADHESIVE can be used with any of the other types in 4 17 fluid stable substrates including but not limited to REEMAY® in addition; In other alternative embodiments vo layer 174 may be a non-woven material manufactured by another suitable process. Example; Layer 174 can consist of cloth or mesh.

add to that; The place of the fixed layer of the fluid; 17 in the absorbent core can change in different incarnations. It is preferable that the class be present; 17 between the acquisition layer 171 and the storage layer 7. In another embodiment; Layer 14 can be adjacent to other faces of the Ye multilayer absorbent core components in addition; If the components of the multilayer absorbent core are 1171 µm©, the acquisition layer and the storage layer consist of more than one layer; A stable layer of WWE Fluid can be placed between the constituent layers of these components. and in other alternate incarnations; Layer 14 consists of more than one layer. In this case; Additional layers can be inserted between any of the absorbent components. In alternative embodiments eg the fluid fixed layer 71 can be removed; the fibers manufactured in the acquisition layer 171 and the VEY storage layer can be bonded directly together. In these latter incarnations; 0, the moisture insensitive fibers in gain layer 171 are bonded to the insensitive fibers

For other moisture fibers manufactured in storage layer 177. Storage layer 1717 is preferably placed between the acquisition layer 191 and the lower layer of the absorbent. The storage layer 171 provides ways of absorbing and containing body fluids and is generally at least slightly flexible; compressible (but preferably not ALE for introversion); A Blas and non-irritating to the skin of 1 user. Storage Adal 17 may be referred to as a “blended” layer and storage layer 0 consists of a grid or strip of fibers; preferably in the form of a homogeneous admixture of fibres. The blended storage layer 17 consists of at least two groups ( or two types) of fibers It includes a first group (or type) of fibers and a second group (or type) of fibers The first group of fibers includes relatively short, low Denier hydrophilic fibers The second group includes fibers of about Jo © preferably At least 01 or 770 to about 7960 fibers in the storage layer; synthetic fibers that are insensitive to moisture are longer and have a higher denier. (The percentage of fibers in storage layer 191 refers to the relative weight of the fibers only; it does not include the weight of any of the absorbent polymer component For aqueous gel, absorbent polymer 70108 070:08©1-55).The admixture ratio of the two groups of fibers can be changed to give specific properties required for different types of absorbents. Components and properties have been discussed.

vo storage layer 11” in greater detail below. The fibers of the first group of fibers may have different lengths and deniers on the basis that the properties of these fibers are less than those of the second group of fibers. Preferably

ER: fibers in the first group have a length less than or equal to about 1/7 inch (about VY cm); More preferably less than or equal to about 1/4 inch (about 0.7 cm). Preferably the fibers in the first group of fibers have dn per fiber (or per filament) less than or equal to about VO preferably less than or equal to about 10; more preferably less than or equal to about 7. ° and may be formed The first group of fibers is from natural fibers such as cotton or cellulose ©110105©. Cellulose fibers can be in the form of crushed hd pulp fibers known as Lairfelt of sb cork. The first group consists of fibers as an alternative or as an addition to manufactured fibers; Include and are not limited to; PET polypropylene polyethylene crayon chemical thermomechanical core (or “CTMP” or “TMP” wood cross-linker cellulose fibers or cellulose fibers Reversely connected (ground wood, ground 0), and the fibers in the first group of fibers are originally hydrophilic, or they can be converted into hydrophilic ones by treating them in any of the previously described methods. The performance is improved by choosing a relatively stiff fiber that maintains a real part of its resistance For the pressure when wet for the fibers in the first group (that is, the fibers must have a high compression coefficient). It is preferable that the selected fibers be resistant to pressure under wet and dry conditions; Laie chemically-stiffened fibers (i.e. tend to both compressive strength and return to these properties. The fibers in the second group of fibers are generally longer than the fibers in the first group of fibers. The fibers in the second group of fibers must also be of High compression modulus, and it must maintain a relatively high modulus when wet.It should also be preferred for the fibers in the second Yo group of fibers to be flexible when wet and dry. It includes fibers suitable for inclusion in the second group of fibers; but not limited to manufactured fibers consisting of any of those materials specified in what (fiber lengths; deniers; etc.) They do not have to be the same; to aid in fluid gain and for greater flexibility V0 can be 1 dn (eg; dn of about vo such as about 7. Some JB fiber lengths of fibers manufactured in the storage layer can have a dn of about vo preferences, etc., of the fibers processed in the storage layer (described later).

AA

A preferred. that the fibers in the second group of fibers have a non-curly length greater than or equal to about 1/4 inch (about 176 cm) in length; Preferably greater than or equal to about VV inch (about VY cm). It is preferable that the fiber denarii in the second group of fibers be larger than the fiber denarii in the (JY) group of fibers. It is preferable that the fibers in the second group have 0 Denier fibers per fiber between about 1 1/7 or ? and around Ve fon and preferably between about + and about 50. more preferred; Denair fibers in the second group of fibers are between about 1 or 15 and about Fe and the best is between about 11 and about Yo and the fibers of the second group of fibers are insensitive to fluids. in which; Fibers in the second group of fibers are essentially unaffected by the presence of moisture (and therefore do not fold when wet). This ys fiber though; Fluids move across their surfaces. The fibers in the second group may be hydrophilic; Hydrophobic or partially hydrophilic and partially hydrophobic. It is preferable for Group B fibers to have at least some hydrophilic component (which could be a cellulosic component). Fibers in Group B fibers with a hydrophilic component may be available in a number of suitable ways. These include, but are not limited to packaging or Treat the fibers 0 to turn them, or at least their surfaces, hydrophilic. Eastman Kodak Textile Fibers Division Kingsport NT as KODEL® 400 and 200 Series PET Fibers One suitable type of adhesive fiber manufactured is Fiber 20121.410. Suitable polyester fiber is KODEL® Fiber 431. This KODEL® fiber has a 11 denier per filament and a length of about 01.5 inches (about 0.5” cm) and is preferably wrinkled at a wrinkle frequency of about © (Ag preferably about 6; more preferred ,> a wrinkle per longitudinal Aap (i.e. per 0 cm). It is preferable that the fibers be wrinkled at a wrinkle angle between about “700” to about 04) more preferably around CAA The wrinkle gives the fibers an improvement in elasticity within desirable properties ve other. The fibers may be coated with a hydrophilic or hydrophobic finish by any of the suitable methods known in the art.

17+ In alternative embodiments it is possible to replace the natural fibers in the first group of fibers with very short synthetic fibers ALB (with hydrophilic surfaces). The blended stocking layer 07 in these embodiments consists of short, low-denier, hydrophilic group 1 synthetic fibers (such as polyester fibers with a CELWET® finish) and long, high-denier group 2 of crimped synthetic fibres. It contains Also the adsorbent storage layer 197 hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer in quantities as previously laid out in (1). / cubic inch (approx. fluids to other parts of the storage bed) while maintaining good elasticity and ductility. The 197-QUES adsorbed storage bed can be compressed to a height of about 5.1 g/Than to about WE g/ Thay (approx. YO g/cm" to about 1.4 g/cm (Tam) These high-density cores can be solid though. So if you compress the storage layer 17 to densities about YO ve g / cm" to about 1.4 g/cm", it is preferable to be mechanically ductile or treated to become more ductile before being put into use. (For simplicity, the previously determined density values do not include the weight of any of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer particles. Therefore, the total density of the storage layer is strongly affected by the amount of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer in the storage layer. Maha leads to the inoperability of the attempt (© - to express the total range containing the density of the storage layer). It is preferable to contain the three layers of the preferred multi-layer absorbent core (071), the acquisition layer (VY), the stable fluid layer (AYE), and the storage layer (17) together with an adhesive that is used between the opposite faces of the components and shows the specificity of the shape? The bonds between the components of the multilayer absorbent core AY Adhere the body-facing side of the acquisition layer 111 to the underside (or the garment-facing side) vo -_ of the upper layer 111 with adhesive 166. day the garment-facing side of the layer Acquisition 11 to the body-facing side of the VTE stator with adhesive 17. Attach the garment aa gall side of the VTE stator 174 thus; to the body-facing side of storage layer 137

IAA

+ With VTA adhesive, Lead preferably attaches the multilayer absorbent core 11 between the upper layer 0 and the lower layer 177 with the adhesive shown as layers 117 and 179. This adhesive is placed between the multilayer absorbent core 1 and the opposite inward-facing (or garment-facing) top layer 111 (as described before) and the body-facing side of the ANT bottom layer.

° The Lily adhesives are shown as layers in the form ¥ for simplicity. However, it is not necessary to apply adhesives only in layers. Adhesives may be applied by any of the methods described with the adhesives used to bond the acquisition layer to the top layer (eg »helical, etc.). In addition, other methods of communication can be used. Components of the multilayer absorbent core can be glued together by any of the previously described connection methods with the acquisition layer adhering to the top layer. And it should be

0 Understanding that the many different layers of a multilayer absorbent core do not all need to be connected to the same type of connection. The layers of the multi-contact absorbent core can be connected together by different connection methods

and/or if he uses adhesives; Different types of gluing position/method can be used between the layers.

Ag is a preferred embodiment shown in the form of ; It is preferable that the layers of the multi-layered absorbent core be connected together by the open network method of the adhesive capillaries, including multiple lines in the adhesive capillaries that wrap around

Helical shape.

The curly manufactured fibers in the acquisition layer 11 and storage layer 17 play an important role in

The wettability of the components of the multi-layer absorbent core 171. It is preferable that the curly synthetic fibers in the acquisition layer 0 and the storage layer 177 are long. Lay enough to form at least parts

surfaces of these successive components. Typically, the manufactured fibers are long enough to be

© The least surface part of a given layer if it has lengths ranging from lengths equal to the thickness of the layer it forms to lengths greater than or equal to 0 75 more than the thickness of the layer it forms. Manufactured fibers (or parts thereof) are available that are part of the surface of the acquisition layer and layer

Storage to bond adhesive materials with adjacent layers. And since the manufactured fibers are not sensitive to moisture; They are able to form stable fluid bonds (not shown) to the ANY upper layer

Ye This will ensure that the bonds do not fail when the absorbent 011 is wetted with bodily secretions. Fixed fluid bonds are also formed between the garment-facing surface of the acquisition layer 11 and the fluid constant layer; 17 (or, if there is no fixed layer of interfacial fluids; to the surface facing the body of a layer

Storage (VEY) The curly synthetic fibers are also fixed bonds of fluids between the surface facing the clothes in the fixed layer of fluids 71 and the surface facing the body in the storage layer AVY and are also fixed bonds of fluids between the surface facing the clothes in the storage layer 1171 The body-facing surface of the bottom layer AV ° upper layer; the fluid stable layer and the bottom layer are all fluid stable so that they generally resist tensile when wet and are able to act as a supportive Jeli for other layers such as the acquisition layer VY and the storage layer NPY The acquisition layer 11 and the storage layer 11 are subjected to tensile strength and are retracted under the forces associated with wearing and holding the absorbent 011 with the body fluids. 0 fixed. Therefore, the acquisition layer and the storage layer together adhere to the upper layer, the lower layer and the fixed layer of the interfacial fluid so that these bonds connect the non-woven layers to the fixed layers of the fluid. As a result (ll) the acquisition and storage layers become able to use the resistance to tighten the materials Adjacent interaction of segregation resistance within layers (eg; failure by lengthening or stress-related failure methods) due to forces associated with wearing the Jia 011 absorbent tool bending the tool; The activity of the wearer and the loading of the instrument with bodily fluids. The composition of the multi-layered absorbent core gives a stable texture to the fluid, Jaa To glia, an interlocking of synthetic fibers and the stable components of the fluids connected together and remaining connected during use. Accordingly, the multilayer absorbent core + VY is resistant to both compressive and tensile forces (i.e. the force related to the effort) so that it maintains the size of the gap and remains in its condition before use when wet and under associated load vs wear of the absorbent. It includes a suitable absorbent core AT of the present invention; primary heart safety layer; preferably consisting of a continuous web of swollen magma; surrounds the heart to give improved cardiac integrity; Especially when wet. See US Application Serial No. 47174 ./8. ‎U.S. application Ser. 116.4 (Ashton et al.) listed on 1? July 19949 vo and merged here by reference. The preferred primary core integrity layer is connected to a structural component of the absorbent; Preferably in direct contact with the upper layer. Preferably, the bond between the initial JL integrity layer and the structural component is relatively cohesive and therefore tends to retain its strength during use.

So that the absorbent core has a decreasing tendency to detach from the structural components. In addition to that, the components of the absorbent core have a decreasing tendency to slip and/or separate from one another (dala) at JL. It is preferred that the absorbent core coated with the primary core safety layer consist of multiple absorption layers (one of these absorbent layers consists of a high concentration of of a hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer having at least the PUP 5 SFC capacity values described in (1)(b) above) with at least one secondary core integrity layer sandwiched between one or more of the absorption layers. In a particularly preferred embodiment; This absorbent core consists of an acquisition/distribution layer; storage layer A texture layer between the acquisition/distribution layer and the storage layer. Preferably, the secondary cardiac integrity layer resides between the acquisition/distribution layer and the tissue layer. It is preferable that the primary and secondary core safety layers consist of a thermoplastic material; Preferred over Jia hot melt adhesive Core safety seams can be created immediately during the installation of the absorbent. AST prefers that the core safety layers consist of a thermoplastic fused adhesive. The flexible thermomelt adhesive tends to be so ductile that there is a decreasing tendency to fail ve adhesion and/or cohesion bonds affecting bonding in the tool (relative to a non-flexible adhesive). as a result; The absorbent core has an increased tendency to stay in place and maintain its integrity. Most preferably, the LIL safety layers consist of a pressure-sensitive adhesive.” Flexible thermoplastic fuse. The pressure sensitive adhesive method further reduces the tendency of absorbent core components adjacent to primary or secondary core integrity layers to separate from other absorbent components and is particularly effective in reducing slip/© separation from the acquisition/distribution layer from the storage layer. This single absorbent core has been shown in FY form. Figure ¥ shows a cross-section of the aforementioned absorbent “06” having an upper layer 711 and a lower layer 176 and an absorbent core referred to as YY located between the upper layer 711 and the lower layer YT as shown in this figure; between the core 7010 as a component of the storage layer 780 consisting of Yo high concentration of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer the tissue layer 7700 and the acquisition layer Distribution YO As also shown in the oF figure, the core YY© has a primary core integrity layer 771 and a secondary core integrity layer + VE and the core integrity layer is placed

Primary 7710 between the bottom layer 717 and the storage layer YAS A secondary core integrity layer 0? resides between the acquisition/distribution layer You and the fabric layer 7760. As shown in the oF figure the primary core integrity layer extends behind and surrounds the side edges of the acquisition/distribution layer (You) the side edges of the textile layer (YY) the side edges of the storage layer (YA) and the garment-facing surface of the absorbent core © .771 The figure ¥ Synthetic adhesive layers 740 VATS 71154 YAY is also shown as shown Shown in fig. oF The secondary core integrity layer YE layer is attached to the textile layer 770 with the synthetic adhesive layer 797. The secondary core integrity layer 740 is placed adjacent to the acquisition/distribution layer WYO depending on the bond strength of the secondary core integrity layer material 740 to Acquisition/distribution layer (YOu) The secondary core integrity layer YE can be attached to the acquisition/distribution layer YOu 00 with the thermofusion or pressure-sensitive properties of the preferred secondary core integrity layer material LS LYE shown in Figure 770. With storage layer YA with synthetic adhesive layer 794. Primary core integrity layer 771 is placed adjacent to storage layer 780. Depending on the bond strength of primary core integrity layer YY to storage layer 74868, primary core integrity layer 7710 can be attached to Storage layer YAS with the thermal fusion properties or 1 pressure sensitivity of the preferred core integrity layer material 00 7. As shown in the oF figure the Acquisition/Distribution You layer is attached to the top layer VAY with an adhesive layer SYNTHETIC 7930. The primary core integrity layer, YY., is attached to the lower layer 71 with the synthetic adhesive layer YT and to the upper layer 711 with the thermofusion or pressure sensitive properties of the primary core material YF 7 as shown in Figure “; The YA synthetic adhesive layer extends beyond the lateral edges of the You acquisition/distribution layer and into the lateral edges of the YY tissue layer The YA synthetic adhesive layer can be wider than the 70 tissue layer affecting the connection of the primary core safety layer .YY to top layer .711 except cad for economic reasons usually uses a separate method of applying synthetic adhesive to affect this connection. The synthetic adhesive layer TAY is shown in Yo in the form of ? To be extended in the same way as the YA synthetic adhesive layer The synthetic adhesive layer 194 extends within the lateral edges of the YAS storage layer preferably for economic reasons to extend for a maximum outer space to about the narrowest width of the YA storage layer in the crotch area of the absorbent core.

TA

As shown in Figure ©, the synthetic adhesive layer 797 extends into the side edges of the Salama layer. The synthetic adhesive layer 797 can substitute; to extend beyond the lateral edges .77 0 of the primary core with upper layer 111 but affect the connection of lower layer 771 of the primary core integrity layer and 1976 on 794 YAY 74968 in a preferred embodiment »; Synthetic adhesive layers can be applied.?1

YY + Texture Layer (You are in at least one Acquisition/ Distribution Layer) Total Length (other than 0)

NOVY or Top Layer 701 Backing Layer (YA. Storage Layer Preferably encapsulates at least one layer of the core YY Primary and Continuous Core Integrity Layer; preferably direct connection to a structural component (example Top Layer 11 Or the absorbent layer 771 to improve the integrity of the layers 771 of the absorbent and tend the primary core integrity layer (YT bottom) which the absorbent 7710 encapsulates. Thus in a preferred embodiment; the primary core integrity layer (YT) 0 The following description is directed at the absorbent core integrity layer .7710 that surrounds each of the absorbent core layers. It should be understood, however, that the .771 that surrounds each of the absorbent core layers is an improvement in the absorbent core integrity. It can be obtained by using a composition where the core integrity layer, for example, can improve the .771 primary surrounding only one or some of the absorption layers of the absorbent core that it contains by encapsulating only the 771 layer, therefore, for the absorbent core, you can improve the integrity of the acquisition layer. Distribution 1 In addition, the YY integrity layer with the primary core integrity layer YOu acquisition/distribution primary core that does not encapsulate any of the absorbent core layers can be used to improve the integrity of the absorbent core. Example; The dimensions of the surface area of the primary integrity core layer can be less than those for each layer of the diamond core (so the primary integrity layer is placed and connected as described here to a layer of the secondary integrity ddl that does not envelop any of the layers absorbent heart). Except Ys activated absorbent core is achieved when the primary integrity layer envelops at least one layer of the absorbent core so that this embodiment is preferred. (or layer from the same source). In a preferred embodiment; The YY integrity layer surrounds part of the absorbent core and at least one 77180 part of the lateral edges of the YY absorbent core primary vo surfaces of the absorbent core.

The primary core integrity layer 770 typically surrounds the lateral edges of one or more layers in dimensions ZY and the primary core integrity layer 770 serves additionally to hold the absorbent core 771 at a relatively stable center where the absorbent core normally constrains to the primary core integrity layer. It is also believed that Layer 0 Primary Core Integrity 770 helps maintain the adhesion bonds that typically attach the absorbent core to the structural component of the absorbent; Example; A synthetic adhesive is used to connect these components. The primary core integrity layer is particularly useful in maintaining the integrity of the adhesive bonds that connect the cellulosic fibers of the absorbent core 771 to the polymeric framework; More specific is a structure composed of or surrounded by a synthetic polymeric material (hereinafter “synthetic polymeric structure”). Initial cores tend to lower the opposing forces of the polymeric adhesive structural bonds of a cellulosic fibre, such that the latter bonds have a low tendency to break. Relatively stable.Therefore, the absorbent li has a low tendency to detach from the structural component.This positive effect on adhesion can be significant when the absorbent gets wet.And when the cellulose fibers and hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer intertwined in the core expand absorbent when wet; the force caused by the expanded cellulose fibers and the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer © of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer tends to cause a loss of adhesiveness between the fibres; the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer and the structure (adhesive failure tends to appear between the fibers and / or hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer and synthetic adhesive; more than structure and synthetic adhesive)-Yo and by efficiently constricting the absorbent core also reduces the primary core integrity layer 71 the tendency of these layers in the absorbent core 770 to slip and/or separate from one another. This tendency to slip and/or detach is diminished when the primary core integrity layer is composed of a viscous pressure-sensitive material. And from

It is believed that the natural constraint described by J (structural stratified bond with relatively strong initial core integrity and/or viscosity reduces the tendency of the absorbent core or components of the same source to fall; Sha SY) and/or encircling. as a result; The absorbent core is used more efficiently so that the absorption properties are improved and the leakage from the absorbent is reduced.

° The primary core integrity layer 771 consists of a continuous fluid permeable network of thermoplastic material. It is preferred that the thermoplastic material be a thermally fused adhesive, and the most preferred is a thermally fused pressure-sensitive adhesive. A flexible thermoplastic material is also preferred.

By "mesh", we mean that the thermoplastic material is in the form of strips connected by Lah between them to form openings. As it was formed by a molten swelling process; The separate strips should preferably be zigzag (wave) 0 and located in substantially the same direction with at least some reverse connection to form a web of strips. "strands" means "to include fibres"; Threads »filaments and other shapes that have longitudinal dimensions to a relatively large cross-section. By "fluid pervious mesh" we mean that the mesh has a sufficient number of openings of sufficient size per unit area to allow relatively unimpeded fluid movement through the mesh. Thus, the network typically has a base weight, as described above. By "continuous mesh" we mean that essentially all the strips are connected to at least one other strip. clad gad, the strips are cohesive at each of the points at which the strips intertwine (as understood in this field; cohesion refers to the force that holds adjacent molecules of a single substance together. As I use here a relatively cohesive bond is thought to result from a force Attraction between two or more similar materials Example two or more synthetic polymeric materials Yes Many thermoplastics known in the art can be used to form the primary core layer YY Examples of thermoplastics include polymers from a monomer ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as polyethylene polypropylene polystyrene 001780760868 poly Jd chloride cpolyvinyl chloride polyvinyl acetate 001771071 polymethyl methacrylate 00 polyethylene 001760171 polyacrylonitrile and their analogues; copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as copolymers of ethylene

. | F

And propylene cpropylene styrene cstyrene or polyvinyl acetate styrene cmaleic anhydride methyl methacrylate Jay ethyl acrylate or tacrylonitrile methyl methacrylate methyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate and their chelates; 0 polymers and copolymers of dienes linked dienes Jie polybutadiene cpolyvbutadiene polyisoprene cpolyisoprene polychloroprene styrene butadiene rubber ¢styrene butadiene rubber ethene-propylene-diene rubber “ethylene-propylene-diene rubber acrylonitrile-styrene butadiene rubber and similar ones; saturated and unsaturated polyesters including alkyds and other polyesters; 0 nylons and polyamides ¢ polyamides polyesteramides and polyurethanes ¢ polyurethanes polyethers 01101102160; epoxy polymers < “hh”; and cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate butyrate and their analogues. A combination of thermoplastic materials can be used, including; and not limited to; Natural mixture and copolymers, including suitable thermoplastics 1, especially polyethylene, polypropylene, polypropylene

polyester ethylene vinyl acetate and a mixture of the same materials. Various hot melt adhesives such as those known in this field can be used. A typical hot melt adhesive relies on one or more types of thermoplastic material; Sia the ones described before. Accordingly, the hot melt adhesive used here can be a thermoplastic © material or a component that includes a thermoplastic material. Many hot melt adhesive

Known in this field is appropriate to use here. The thermoplastic material is preferably flexible. It is believed that elastic materials are particularly useful for maintaining the integrity of the absorbent core while the absorbent core is subjected to flexural and torsional forces such as facing when in use. In particular, the flexible adhesive is believed to have better adhesion to the vo absorbent components of the non-flexible adhesive; Especially under the kinetic conditions encountered in the use of the adsorption tool. By 'elastomeric' etc. we mean that the material is capable of being stretched to at least twice its original length and to return approximately to its original length upon letting go. Examples include thermally fused adhesive

YY

«ethylene vinyl acetate flexible thermoplastic such as a flexible of gall ethylene vinyl acetate blend of solid component (usually polyolefin polyurethane or crystalline polypropylene such as polyolefin Olefin ¢ (ethylene-propylene rubber) and the soft component (such as polyethylene rubber) as poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-ethylene azylates) copolyesters copolyester 0 elastic block copolymers copolymers ¢poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-ethylene azelate) elastomers designed as copolymers ABS thermoplastic end and one-half ABS thermoplastic having -8m; mixture of structurally different homopolymer or copolymers; eg; mixture of multiple AIS with -8-3 block copolymer; blend of polystyrene or polyethyelene ethylene thermoplastic elastomer and low molecular weight resin modifier; example blend of block copolymer 0 polystyrene with styrene-isoprene styrene-isoprene-styrene is a flexible, thermoplastic pressure-sensitive adhesive described herein. These types are described in greater detail (Korpman (Korpman) U.S. Pat. No. 4731066 57710367 in US Patent No. incorporated herein by reference. March 1988 Yo published in Hot Melt Adhesive Preferred as a Safety Layer The primary core is a hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive.The hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art has some degree of surface viscosity at application temperatures.These materials are RYE to approx. Viscous AY (eda) typically has a viscosity at room temperature aad below Jha (iY) sufficient to allow good surface contact but high enough to resist Ley's low central position as a result of surface viscosity; The pressure sensitive adhesive 01-01 typically in the © arrangement of the pressure sensitive used here tends to increase the coefficient of friction between the components of the absorbent that can adjoin the pressure sensitive adhesive; Example; Absorbent core layers. In addition, pressure-sensitive adhesives provide industrial flexibility where the conductor of the primary core integrity layer to other absorbent components can be found by extracting the pressure-sensitive properties of the adhesive after the adhesive has hardened. Many hot melt pressure sensitive adhesives are known in this field Yo and are suitable for use here.

The preferred thermo-fusion pressure sensitive adhesives are laf flexible. The flexible, thermally fused pressure-sensitive adhesives have been described in the previous references and the incorporated American patent No. U.S.

Pat.

No. 707 4731066 Including those based on thermoplastic block copolymers; Polyacrylate and ethylene Jud vinyl acetate 0 Attl. Suitable thermo-elastic pressure sensitive adhesives include A-B-A AES copolymer based adhesives specified aly 11-2085 and 11-2031 from Findlay.

Findley Adhesives, Inc. Inc. of Wauwatosa Wiss The 7710 Initial Core Integrity Layer can be formed using the fibrous molten swell process. Flay fuse processes and devices are generally known in this field. The material is generally heated

0 thermoplastic to and remains at a temperature sufficient to allow the molten swelling process; Typically at least until the substance is in a fluid state or a melting state (melting temperature/liquidity). (In general, the choice of any specific degree in the molten swelling process is limited to the decomposition temperature of the specific thermoplastic material on which it is conducted). The molten material is expelled under pressure (gun pressure) through holes in the molten swell glue gun. upon expulsion; exposed

1- The molten/liquefied material passes through the air under pressure (air pressure) which fibroses the material (strands are formed). The molten swelling glue gun and air are heated to desired gun temperature Led and air temperature respectively; In order to facilitate the formation of strips. During and/or after strip formation the thermoplastic material is cooled to form strips fixed to the thermoplastic material. The device is shaped so that the strips are placed on the desired reactant.

9 It is preferable to choose the measurements of the molten swelling process to give a network that has a position and a denier for a specific tape. These metrics include melting temperature/fluidity; cannon temperature; Air pressure and air temperature. In a preferred embodiment; These scales change so that zigzag strips in essentially the same direction can be formed with some reverse connection to form a braided network of strips. add to that; It is generally desired to form strips having relatively large deniers as the wetting point of the material

ve thermoplastics to the absorbent core and thus the degree of improvement in the integrity of the absorbent core tends to increase with increasing tape deniers. strips preferably have at least a denarius of about 01 microns; He prefers

Ve 001 microns; More preferred about 50 to about Yor μm to about Ar than about 001 μm to about 001 μm (a highly preferred for thermoplastic meltblown the sald composition) generally when decreasing The viscosity of the strips becomes easier as the resulting strips tend to have a finer density. The viscosity also affects the position of the tape, and the location tends to be random with the decrease in viscosity. Typically, the viscosity of a certain 0 material decreases with the increase in the melting/liquidity temperature, especially with the increase in the cannon temperature. Accordingly, the melting/liquidity and cannon temperatures are chosen to give the viscosity that allows the formation of strips as required. (750) “Fahrenheit) AV YY The melting/liquidity temperature is typically from about (00**F) to Asi £9 to about ;10*C (100?”F); Preferably around 0 090"C (775"F). The adhesives specified 2031-11 and 2085-11 hold at temperatures from about 0*C (775°F) to about 4007°C (600°F); preferably HALIYY (sled goo) to approx. (led efor) efor * 0.9 preferably about 0.9 (Tehnerhof 7701) efor * 0"* more than approx. The temperature of the cannon is typically at or above the melting point / fluidity preferably higher than the temperature The temperature of the cannon is typically from about (Tiahnerhof?01) AAT (1000°F) to about 4lb (75°F); more than about aN C (5©7”*F) to about 10” (Tiahnerhof” (7+01) AY) and air pressure affects both the position of the band and the denarius. For a given material and a range of degrees Ye process temperatures (particularly cannon and air temperatures), and as the air pressure is higher, the strips tend to form in a more random position and with finer deniers.It is preferable that the air pressure be at least high enough to form strips of molten thermoplastic material that touch and are therefore able to Le is in contact while the thermoplastic is sufficiently molten/fluid as described before. Air pressure is chosen to allow the formation of zigzag strips in essentially the same direction (Junie) and in the Yo embodiment with some reverse connection to form a woven network of streaks. Accordingly, it is preferable that the air pressure is not too high so that the strips are in a random position. Typically, the ve ol air pressure is of about pressure; psi to about 10 psi 17 psi; preferably more than about 01 Jha) to about 1 square pressure; Preferably about psi A to about 9 psi pressure; Preferably around a square pressure. m

o The air temperature is generally chosen in order to keep the expelled thermoplastic material in a melting/liquid state. Thus, the air temperature will usually be greater than or equal to the cannon temperature in order to stop any cooling effects that may occur. Preferably, the air temperature is sufficient to ensure the contact of the separate strips in the thermoplastic material onto the reactant (although the product need not be in the same melting/fluid state as when

0 JY graduated once; It is preferable that it be molten/fluid (Lay enough to allow contact between the strips). Typical air temperature from about 10107*C (40*F) to about AYA (07°F); preferably from about 0 (Slee +) BAY to about 777*C (540 ;"F); Most preferably about 177*C (007°F). When cooled to a temperature sufficient to re-harden the thermoplastic material, the resulting web of opposing strips is fixed.

yo The thermoplastic material is added to the reactant (Jia (absorbent core component) so that it does not substantially interfere with the absorption of the absorbent core. Thus the base weight of the web of the thermoplastic material is typically in about JY about A g/m² (g/m'); Preferably about To about 1 g/ To more preferably about ; to about 1 g/Co is highly preferred about © Tefen and the specific fused swelling device used here is typically chosen according to the width of the absorbent core (or the absorbent ©.Ql component) used. generals; The selected device will give in one step a thermoplastic mesh width sufficient to encapsulate the absorbent core. (Where the primary core integrity layer or the secondary core integrity layer as described herein is not intended to encapsulate at least part of the lateral edges of the absorbent core component; the molten swelling glue gun shall be chosen to give a mesh width less than the width of the absorbent core component). For clin absorption tools, the molten Yo swell glue gun coefficient oF width “Y” referred to AMBI-3.0-2 and the molten swell glue gun coefficient § width 1 referred to AMBI-6.0-4 All available Ms J Laboratories of Dawsonville, GA (Dawsonville) are suitable for use.

l

It is preferable that the primary core safety layer 771 be formed for the molten swell process in the process

continuous (on- (ladd) during sorbent manufacture. Alternatively, the primary core integrity layer can be formed by the previous molten swell process or by the usual methods in an interface process to enter into the absorbent. Thus the primary core layer can be a fluid permeable network not

© Preformed woven consisting of fibers of thermoplastic material. except cd since the use of preformed nonwovens tends to add to the final price of the absorbent and this alternative is not

As described by Jd, the primary core integrity layer 771 is best placed so that it closes the core

The absorbent .771 primary core integrity layer is in contact with at least one of the structural components

0 (example; top layer 711 and bottom layer (YI) of absorbent .701 and in a preferred embodiment the primary core integrity layer is directly contacted with the structural component” preferably top layer 7117 the primary core integrity layer can be contacted with Structural component with synthetic adhesive “pas” The primary core integrity layer can be attached to a structural component with the molten swelling properties or pressure sensitivity of the thermoplastic material of the primary core integrity layer where these materials are used.

In the (Janie) embodiment the primary core integrity layer bonds directly to the structural component with a synthetic adhesive and suitable synthetic adhesives include any such adhesives as are known in the art for bonding absorbent cores with structural components and include those described in Bottom Layer Connection Reference 707 and the Core Absorbent .771 Synthetic adhesive shall consist of any of the thermofusion adhesives described in References for Thermoplastic Materials to form the primary core integrity layer.

Y. The synthetic adhesive may be added to a specific reactant (such as the primary core integrity layer; the absorbent core component; or a structural component) in the usual ways as described here in reference for the connection of the substrate and the absorbent core. It is preferable to add synthetic adhesive in an open form of synthetic adhesive. I also use Hana means “open pattern of construction adhesive” that the synthetic adhesive is present on the reaction material in a form that allows for the transfer of fluids relatively unhindered

vo to and/or through the absorbent core. Suitable open methods and forms for the composition of the same substances are described in US Patent Nos. 41/9487 ref £VACAAT Pat.

Nos. 4573986: 3911173; 4785996; and 4842666 .11.58 and merged by reference. and on

vv | This open form of synthetic adhesive consists of a fine form of synthetic adhesive globules or grids in the fibers of the synthetic adhesive and includes spiral and/or spherical shapes. The spheroids or the filaments can have a diameter about equal in degree to the average acting diameter of the fibers that make up the absorbent core + YY. The synthetic adhesive can also be added by the melt-swelling process, including the processes described for the formation of the primary core integrity layer.

A preferred embodiment; The 7710's absorbent core consists of a secondary core safety layer of 50? present between the different absorption layers; Absorbent core nets or fibers are preferred. (As should be understood by those of ordinary skill at oll as absorbent layers, such as the absorbent core, can have a surface facing the garment; a surface facing the body; side edges and end edges.) And on this layer is placed

Secondary core integrity 7406 In the preferred absorbent 701 between the primary core integrity layer YY and structural component Cia the primary core integrity layer is attached. (Except of where the primary core integrity layer encapsulates only a portion of the 177 absorbent core layers; (Kad for the secondary core integrity layer YE to exist between the absorbent core layers that are not encapsulated by the primary core integrity layer). YE layer of a continuous web of thermoplastic material, as defined in ref

ve primary heart safety. The secondary core integrity layer “YE” attaches to a structural component and can be directly connected to “Example” where the secondary core integrity layer encapsulates the absorbent core layers located between the secondary core integrity layer and the chassis.

The YE secondary core safety layer may or may not encapsulate one or more layers

The absorption of the LYY absorbent core as shown in the oF figure is the outer width of a safety layer

© Secondary core 7406 Less than the outer width of each of the various absorbent layers of the absorbent core; any; The outer width of the secondary core integrity layer YE is less than the outer width of each acquisition/distribution layer (You Fabric Layer 7770 and storage layer (YAS) so the core integrity layer 746 does not encase the side edges; respectively; the acquisition/acquisition layer Distribution You Fabric Layer 7760 and Storage Layer XA

Yo The secondary core integrity layer YE may encapsulate the absorbent layers as described for the primary core integrity layer YF The degree of encapsulation may be the same or in different variations from that of the primary core integrity layer or any other secondary core integrity layer. Thus the cB safety layer can

VA

Relatively different longitudinal edges of the lateral edges of the absorption layer” and/or the secondary of Jaf 746 to encapsulate a different surface and/or a relative part in the surface of the absorbent layer. It is made of thermoplastic material and by methods described 7406 and a layer can be formed Secondary cardiac safety for the primary cardiac safety class. The secondary core safety layer may consist of the same material or another thermoplastic material. Thermoplastic 7710 as the primary core layer and for ease of operation; It is preferred that the secondary core safety layer consist of the same thermoplastic material as the primary core safety layer. add to that; The secondary core integrity layer can be configured using similar or different process metrics than those used to create the primary core integrity layer. It is preferable to use the same process measurements so that the secondary heart safety layer has a basal weight; and strips intrinsically of the primary core integrity layer. Silas thermoplastic material has a Denair and position 0 secondary 746 with one or more layers of absorbent core and/or QE structural component integrity layer can be attached. The connection is made using a synthetic adhesive and/or the hot melt and/or pressure sensitive properties of the secondary core safety layer material; The connection of the primary core integrity layer to the structural component is also described in the following manner. A safety layer 701 is formed and the absorbent can be configured yo The secondary safety layer YOu core attaches to the surface facing the garment in the acquisition/distribution layer which is preferably placed to YAY To the textile layer 7730 with a synthetic adhesive layer YE the core Secondary The garment facing surface of the textile layer YY + the body facing surface of the textile layer with the storage layer 780 is attached to the synthetic adhesive layer 794 which is preferably applied to the YY facing surface with the garment YVY adhesive layer of the textile layer 7760. Then the resulting sheets are connected to the upper layer _ © and the YY Y layer is formed to the upper layer You that connects the acquisition / distribution layer (YA. Synthetic) on the surface facing the clothes in the storage layer 7860 part of 770 Primary core integrity Garment facing surface of the fabric layer 770 (corresponding to the differential outer distance between the edges and lateral edges of the fabric layer 770) and part of the YAS side facing surface of the storage layer (corresponding to the differential outer distance between the side edges of the layer 111 for clothes on the top floor vo

YA, then the bottom layer is attached (77 10). Weaving 770 and the lateral edges of the primary core safety layer.

To the primary core safety layer 771 to the synthetic adhesive layer 797 and to the upper layer 711

Synthetic adhesive (not shown). Other suitable absorbent cores according to the present invention may be in the form of a hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer All layer sandwiched between two other fibrous layers eg a laminated absorbent core. Suitable laminated absorbent cores according to the present invention may be prepared using processes similar to those described in U.S. Patent No. 6771650447.

Pat No. 4260443 (Lindsay et al.); U.S. Patent No.

Pat No. 4467012 177 (Pedersen et al.) posted YY Aug 64 ; US Patent No. 49,716,418 4715,918 U.S.

Pat No. 0 (Lang) Published Dec 5 VAY US Patent No. 48510145 US.

Pat No. 4851069 (Packard et al.) posted on Yo Jul 4 ; US Patent No. 4,550,714 4,950,264 U.S.

Pat No. Osborn published Aug 71, 91940; US Patent No. U.S.

Pat No. 4,994,037 £44£. YY (Bernardin Published Feb 11) $199 vo US Patent No. 004580 5009650 US.

Pat No. (Bernardin Published YY Apr 199) US Patent No. 5004757 US.

Pat No. 5009653 (Osborn Published YY Apr 149) U.S. Patent No.

Pat No. 5128082 ©) YALAY (Makoui Published July V ¢)44Y US Patent No. USS.

Pat No. 5149335 01 £3YY0 (Kellenberger 0 et al.) published YY Sept $V AAY & US Patent No. US.

Pat No. 5176668 ©1/V111A (Bernardin published on © Jan 17 (all incorporated here by reference) but using a hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer having at least capacitance values of SFC and 1110 described in

B(1)(b) above. Other suitable laminated absorbent cores of the present invention include the thermal bond layers described in US Application No. 141156 151197 .17.5 (Richards et al.) listed on 71 October 19497 merged here by reference. These hearts are made

As

Thermally bonded absorbent: (1) a primary thermally connected fluid distribution layer; (Y) an optional but preferred secondary fluid distribution layer in fluid contact with; and capable of acquiring water body fluids in the primary distribution layer; (Y) a liquid storage layer In fluid contact with a primary or secondary fluid distribution bed consisting of a high concentration of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer having at least the © values of capacity PUP SFC described in b(1)(b) Lad above; 5 (€) optionally A dusting layer is adjacent to the storage layer. These absorbent cores are typically used with a thermally bonded acquisition layer.

(referred to as a 'secondary topsheet' dg An embodiment of these thermally bonded absorbent cores is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 shows a cross-section of an absorbent specifically suitable for menstruation indicated 901 having a permeable primary topsheet 0 FVY fluids have an impermeable bottom layer for VAT fluids and an absorbent composition located between the upper layer 0 and the lower layer 70 forming a fluid acquisition layer 7064 commonly referred to as the “secondary topsheet” and an absorbent core referred to .771 As shown in this figure The absorbent core 71 is shown in fig.; as a component of three components: a FYE fluid distribution layer a VY fluid storage layer and a “ddd dusting” layer 774. In the absorption core configuration; Layer 1 of “dusting” 778, the initial layer, Cus, the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer is deposited on the storage layer 777, then the distribution layer, YYE, is placed on the hydrogel-forming absorbent absorbent matciral precipitated laminated type composition Although it is possible to join the 748 dust layer and the distribution layer © through the use of adhesive; These two layers are typically connected together by the thermal bond, where YS each of these two layers consists of thermoplastic materials; Typically thermoplastic fibres

the Nexus. In an alternative embodiment of this thermally bonded absorbent core shown in Fig. 0, Fig. 0 shows a cross section of an absorbent device particularly suitable for menstruation indicated 401 having an upper layer VY a lower layer £171 and an absorbent core 0 £Y sandwiched between the upper layer £9 the bottom layer 17;. As Yo is shown in the form of ©; The absorbent core 471 consists of four components: a primary fluid distribution layer (EYE), a secondary fluid distribution layer (EV), a YT fluid storage layer, and a fibrous “dusting” layer 74. Again the “dust” layer gives €YA Dusting the deposition point of the gel-forming absorbent polymer

A

For the 477 storage layer. Then the matte hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer distribution layers are placed on the deposited absorbent polymer to form a laminate type EYE 5 470 primary and secondary, and this laminate is typically connected together by thermal bonds. collection of embodiments shown in the figures; and ©. Like the embodiment shown in dale a bottom layer 917 and combination 0 Y of an upper layer ©01 the absorbent cE consists of a © shape and an absorbent core ©1046 and the bottom layer 031 forming a secondary top layer ©11 is present Between the upper layer in Figure 6 are four components: 010 alll and as the embodiment shown in Figure #. The core consists of 0. The OY layer is a fluid storage layer (OF) a secondary fluid distribution layer OYE a primary fluid distribution layer

OYA fibrous 'dusting' Other suitable absorbent cores according to the present invention may be prepared from fused Ve cellulosic fibers and a blend of similar shape (i.e. a mixture of cellulose fibres, fused puffed synthetic fibers and their likes) as shown in US Patent No

YY et al.) published in Kellenberger (Kellenberger U.S. Pat. No. 5149335 ©0158) and incorporated with reference. Example » 775-like grid containing polymer september 1997 has at least a hydrogel-forming capacitance value absorbent polymer hydrogel-forming absorbent 1 described in (i)(b) previously and 7765 HYDROFIL® copolymer fibers* PUP SFC o fused puffy microfiber (diameter less than approx. HYDROFIL® LCFX copolymer fibers µm) and then This molten bulging net is covered on one surface with a layer of bulging net (see examples? and “in US Patent No. HYDROFIL® Molten Hydrofil*), then the formed absorbent core is placed between two layers of material (US. Pat. No. .5149335 0) £4¥Yo v. 3 ¥ ATW double-lobe spun-bond patent (see polypropylene with tie-spun material coated) (U.S. Pat. No. 5149335 0) £4YYo Invention U.S. No. thermoplastic around the tip of the absorbent composition. Molten swelling and absorbent polymer particles GU Absorbent cores containing a layer of

SFCs having at least the capacity values of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer lal Jall component vo described in (i)(b) previously may also be formed according to the process described in the patent of PUP et al., Kolpin (Kolpin U.S. Pat. No. 4429001 4474001 American Patent No

AY : published January 1, 1984 and incorporated by reference. Some say absorbents combine two or more separate layers of these fused swelling fibers and absorbent polymer particles to form a thicker absorbent core. Also, a stream of fused swelling fibers and absorbent polymer particles can be deposited onto another layer material such as permeable non-woven mesh in order to They are part of a real absorbent core Other fibers besides the fusible swelling fibers can be inserted into the absorbent core For example, crimp bulk fibers with GLI fusible swelling can be mixed together with polymer particles to make a thinner or lighter absorbent core E- Materials Absorbent Because of the unique adsorption properties of the absorbent cores of the invention (all) they are particularly suitable for use in duals, especially sorbents intended for disposal. As used herein, the term 'absorbent article' refers to materials that absorb and contain on body fluids; and more specifically refers to materials placed in front of or near the body of the wearer to absorb and contain the various fluids secreted by the body. the original absorbent material as a whole is not intended for washing or eo recovery or otherwise reused as an absorbent; Although certain materials or all of the absorbent material (cla ji) is reused or buried). A preferred application of the disposable absorbent material Wha of the present invention is a diaper. As used (ls) the term “diaper” refers to a garment generally worn by infants and persons with enuresis that is worn around the wearer's lower torso. It should be understood, however, that the present invention is applicable to other absorbent materials such as incontinence pads © urinary incontinence pads; pale inserts (alia) menstrual pads; sanitary napkins; facial tissues; paper towels; etc. These absorbent materials typically include an impermeable lower cad pall and an upper fluid permeable portion that connects to the cae or otherwise attached to the lower part; and an absorbent core according to the present invention placed between the lower part and the upper part. The upper part is placed adjacent to the surface of the body of the absorbent core. The upper part is preferably connected to the absorbent core and to the lower part by means of attachment such as those known in the art. As used Here, the term “joined” includes Cua shapes, an element directly connected to the other element by joining the element directly to the other element, and forms where the cue joins

AY

Indirectly to the other element by attaching the element to an intermediate member(s) which in turn are attached to the other element. in preferred absorbents; The upper part and the lower part are connected to each other at their outer perimeter. The upper part and the lower part can also be connected indirectly together, by connecting them directly to the absorbent core by means of attachment. ° The lower part is typically impermeable to body fluids and is preferably made of a thin plastic film, although other flexible impermeable materials can be used. As used here, the term "flexible" refers to materials that are malleable and easily conform to the general shape and contours of the human body. The lower part prevents the absorbent body fluids trapped in the absorbent core from getting wet in contact with items such as trousers; pajamas; underwear; etc. The bottom may include woven or non-woven material; Jia polymeric films are thermoplastic films of polyethylene or poly. Polypropylene or Jie composite materials Non-woven material covered with a film. He prefers; The bottom is a polyethylene (pli) pony film having a thickness from about 6.007 mm (10+ mil) to about 0.001 mm (¥ mil). Representative polyethylene films manufactured by Clopay Corporation of Cincinnati, Ohio, under code P18-0401 | Ethyl Corporation, Visqueen Division. From Terre Haute Indiana Ind. under code 700-39385 Preferably the bottom is embossed and/or matt to provide a more garment-like appearance Addition of lA allows the bottom to escape vapors From the absorbent core (meaning perforated) while continuing to prevent body fluids from passing through the lower part.0 The upper part is malleable, soft to the touch, and non-irritating to the wearer's skin.In addition, the upper part is permeable to fluids and allows body fluids to easily pass through its thickness. Suitable upper from a wide variety of materials such as woven and non-woven materials Jha polymer materials Perforated thermoplastic films Perforated thermoplastic films Hydroformed thermoplastic films Porous foams Mesh thermoplastic films Thermoplastic screens Woven and non-woven materials consist suitable woven Ge Yo natural fibers OB (wood or cotton fibers); Synthetic fibers (for example, polymeric fibers such as polyester fibers, polypropylene, polyethylene, or a combination of natural and synthetic fibers.

At

Preferred uppers for use in sorbents of the present invention selected from high-end non-woven uppers and perforated film uppers. Perforated formed membranes are particularly preferred for the upper because they are permeable to body fluids but are not absorbent and have a low tendency to allow fluids to pass back through and re-wet the wearer's skin. So; The surface of the film formed in contact with the body remains dry, thus reducing body contamination and creating a more comfortable feel for the wearer. Suitable formed diaphragms are described in US Patent No. 7979178 3929135 U.S.

Pat.

No. (Thompson) Dec. 1, 99975; US Patent No. EYYEY ET U.S.

Pat.

No. 4324246 (Mullane et al.); Issued April 1, 7 )¢ US Patent No. 4,747,714 4,342,314 (Radel Ja) U.S.

Pat.

No. 0 and others); Issued ¥ AUGUST ANY US Patent No. £0 EET Ahr al) U.S.

Pat.

No. 4463045 and others); Issued VY Jul;94484; and US Patent No. 8005744 5006394 U.S.

Pat.

No. (Baird) issued April 4, 1991. Both of these patents are incorporated herein by reference. Particularly preferred microperforated molded film uppers are disclosed by Lede in US Patent No. 604518 Pat.

No. 4609518 00.11.5 (Curro et al.); issued in ? September VAAT & US Patent #4,179,747 4,629,643 U.S.

Pat.

No. (Curro et al.); Issued Dec 11, 987; Merged here for reference. The preferred top for use in: menstrual products of the present invention is the diaphragm formed described in one or more of the above patents and marketed in Procter & Gamble Company Juels sanitary pads from

© Cincinnati Ohio “DRI-WEAVE®” aul; Ohio The body surface of the upper part of a membrane-forming membrane may be hydrophilic so that it aids in the movement of body fluids through the upper part faster than if the body surface is non-hydrophilic to reduce the possibility of the fluid flowing out of the upper part rather than flowing in and being absorbed by the absorbent structure. In an application (Junie) a surface activator is incorporated into the polymeric materials of an upper portion of a vo-membrane formed as described in US Patent Application Serial No. 17/744745 (U.S.

Patent application Ser.

No. 07/794745 'an absorbent material having a perforated membrane portion and not zr guia bound on November 1 11991 from Aziz et al.; Merged here for reference. JS can

Make the body surface of the upper part hydrophilic by treating it with a surface activator such as described in US Patent No. 49507854 4950254 (US.

Pat.

No. referred to above; Merged here for reference. 0 and - Test Methods “E-1 Saline Crop Flow Conductance (SFC) This test determines the conduction of the saline fluid flow (SFC) for a gel layer formed from a hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer Swelling in artificial urine “Gaeco 780” under specific pressure. The purpose of this invention is to estimate the ability of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer layer to acquire and distribute 0 body fluids when the polymer is present at high concentrations. In the absorbent member and its exposure to the mechanical stresses of use. Darcy's law and steady-state flow methods are used to determine the conductivity of the brine flow. 9988 p. 7; cd.by P.K.

Chattcrijcc, Elscvicr, 1985, Pages 42-43 and "Chemical Yo Engineering Vol.

II, Third Edition, J.M.

Coulson and J.F.

Richardson, Pergamon Press, 1978, Pages 125-127.) The hydrogel layer used in SFC measurements is formed by swelling a hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer with Jayco synthetic urine for 10 minutes. minute. © The hydrogel layer is formed and its flow conductivity measured under a mechanical constraining pressure of 3 psi (approximately 7 kPa). -forming absorbent polymers whose elevation is in Jayco synthetic urine against a time in which it was leveled; it was found that this concentration of NaCl kept the thickness of the aqueous gel layer substantially constant during measurement. For some Jall a vo aqueous absorbent polymers Say hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers Small changes in the thickness of the hydrogel layer due to swelling of the polymer Debulking of the polymer and/or changes in its porosity

m aqueous gel layer. A constant hydrostatic pressure of 55,710 dyn/cm (© cm) from SIVA Molecular NaCl (NaCl) is used for measurement. The flow rate is determined by measuring the amount of solution flowing through the hydrogel layer as a function of time. The flow rate may vary over measurement time. Include The reasons for the variation in flow are changes in the thickness of the hydrogel layer and changes in the viscosity of the vulvar fluid (such as the fluid initially present in the colloidal spaces) for example; may contain dissolved extract polymer) substituted with a solution of NaCl if flow rate is dependent on time; The initial flow rate is then used; Typically obtained by inferential estimation of flow rates measured at time zero; in the delivery account. The brine flow conductance is calculated from the initial flow rate; hydrogel layer dimensions; And the pressure is 0 hydrostatic. In systems where the flow rate is intrinsically constant, the combined effectiveness of the permeability of an aqueous gel layer can be calculated from the conductance of the brine flow and the viscosity of the NaCl solution. Apparatus 101 suitable for this test is shown in Figure 7. This apparatus includes a fixed hydrostatic head tank commonly referred to as “ 01 sits on laboratory riser commonly referred to as SVE Reservoir 0” has cap 1176 with plugged hole commonly referred to as TIA so that additional ve fluid can be added to tank IY Entering open end tube 710 through Cap 036 to allow air to enter the VY tank for fluid delivery at constant hydrostatic pressure. The base end of the tube 0 is placed so that the fluid remains in the cylinder 674 at a height of © cm above the bottom of the TIA hydrogel layer (see figure A). IVY is below the fluid © surface in the tank. It controls fluid delivery by the NYY tube via valve 177. The tube 177 delivers fluid from the VY tank to a piston/cylinder assembly commonly referred to as 1748. Below the manifold 78 there is a cementing screen (not shown) and an assembly tank “71” sitting on a YY laboratory balance with reference to Fig. 7; the accumulator TFA consists mainly of a piston TE cylinder commonly referred to as vo 176 and a cap 677 with holes for the piston 177 and connecting tube 177. As shown in Figure 7- The outlet 17171b of tube 77 is placed below the end of the bottom of tube 171 and thus is also below the surface of the fluid (not shown) in cylinder TYE as shown in figure oA The piston 177 consists of

AY

Co-Center Down Drilled Cylindrical 6408 Cylindrical Roller General has a LEXAN® +778 shaft bore and a 147. Weight NEY indicates the longitudinal axis of the column. Both ends of the column 778 have been prepared to provide ends perforated through its center. IEA Ag gland is on end 47 and has a TEA hole to it annular NOY generally circular has a bore 150 TET Teflon piston head inserted into The other side, as shown by TE at its bottom. The size of the piston head is 150 so that it slides moving inside the cylinder 0 hole YE with four co-centric rings of 1900 in particular in form 04 that supplies the piston head and 160. As we can see in the figure 8 joint rings 15/8 (ToT Tog) Each of them is indicated by du shad The holes in each of these TOY center 654 to 160 fit into the specified space in the bore The holes in each ring are spaced Non Center rings are bore from top to bottom of piston head 1 degree from holes in adjacent rings. Holes are every 17.59 degrees and offset by approximately 05 by approximately 0 1560 in.) to ring 17004 rings having a smaller diameter Ascending inwards from ring 664 (diameter TTY drilled in center inch). The 0+0 piston head also has a cylindrical bore 1.111 (diameter IPA) for the shaft TET to receive the tip Coated cylindrical glass fits inside the bore TUE disc A as shown in the figure for Fabric screen STAINLESS STEEL MESH NUMBER TYE ATTACHED TO THE END OF THE CYLINDER BOTTOM TOY ve stretched in two axes to tension before bonding.

STA supported on TTA referred to hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer transparent or equivalent having an inner diameter of + cm TEXAN® Cylinder bore 774 rods and a height of about 7 cm. cam head shapes 1,8 (area = 78,77 cm'); Wall thickness of about SUE inner diameter of inch and lesser diameter of 1.175 _ The piston is 150 solid Teflon rod of © height so that it fits inside the cylinder with minimal wall clearance but still slides freely. The YE of the cylinder is about 07 mm in diameter; mm depth. 177 hole in piston head center TOY bore IPA selects shaft TET (thread/inch) for YA end) 1.657" threaded orifice 01" CG-201-40 Catalog No. Chemglass (Ola) disc coated 64 for high permeability from piston head TOY rough) and polished so that it fits exactly inside the bore X-diameter; Porous as Yo of a TFA rod with the bottom surface of the disc flush with the bottom of the piston head. The column is 10 46 inches long. Tip +, Yo inch inner diameter AY outer hd and have LEXAN®

AA

The TEY is the toe end of the piston head TTY long and is threaded into a hole about 1.5 inches in diameter and forms an annular shoulder to support the ballast of steel No +, TY 5 is about one inch long May pass directly into TFA coated disc on shaft 6406 Fluid passage through bore TEA Rust has 0.175 inch inner diameter; So that it slides into the TEA weight of stainless steel 4. and rests on the annular shoulder formed there. The combined weight of the TFA disc is the end 147 of the shaft

OF equals 08 grams; Equipped with TEA pressure and weight TPN piston 1174 Coated glass a Bley or LEXAN® 777 cap is formed from Tam 78.77 psi for an area of WA 1 inch at its center For shaft +, AVY and whose dimensions cover the top of cylinder 174. It has a nozzle .177 and a second nozzle near its edge for connecting the piston tube TFT Retina eye (other than VT) The cylinder 674 rests on a solid stainless steel support screen Ve shown) or proverb. This support grid is sufficiently permeable so as not to impede the fluid flow into the 17 0 collecting tank. The shoring screen is generally used to support the 174+ cylinder when the brine flow rate through the 78 collector is greater than about 0.7 g/s. For a lower flow rate, it is preferable to have a continuous fluid passage between the cylinder 774 and the Al g/1507 tank of approx.

TY 170 collection tank and analytical balance cael assembly. This can be accomplished by replacing the vo screen and corresponding connecting tubes and valves from the VIA Tank 717 NT Coated Funnel with an analytical balance on the Coated Disc and TYE Coated Funnel (see Figure 10); Cylinder 701 placed the device MYA KCL used in this method by dissolving a mixture of ¥ gram Jayco to prepare artificial urine Jayco 1.0 grams 1111/3270 grams 00 grams B, 11:00B 111 +, AC grams, 50 yd; YY. liters with distilled water. 1 to MgCl 1.77 g and “CaCl 14 g” (NH4),HPO,4 (catalog number Pa. Reading Endvations Pa. “Reading”) can be purchased Salt from Induction. (JA-00131-000-01

NaCl by dissolving 1.857 grams NaCl 1.118 milligrams A solution is prepared with 1 liter of distilled water (or equivalent) to Beaker Analyzed Reagent) vo or equivalent) 21/4000 Mettler grams (eg Metler 1501 Analytical Balance 77 Accuracy to When the flow rate is about TTA is typical to measure the amount of fluid flow through the hydrogel layer (AR! SE

km 67 g/s or greater. A more accurate balance (eg Mettler AE200 or Mettler) may be needed for less permeable hydrogels with lower flow rates. Preferably, the scale should face a computer to monitor the amount of fluid against time. The thickness of the hydrogel layer 1768 is measured in cylinder 174 with an accuracy of about 1.01 mm. Any method with the required accuracy can be used; Lalla The weights are still and the addition of the hydrogel layer does not compress or disturb during the measurement. Use a gauge (eg 15-100-500 Manostat or proverb) to measure the vertical distance between the bottom of the stainless steel TEA ballast and the top of the AVY cap with respect to this distance. Without TIA hydrogel layer in cylinder 174 is acceptable. Lad It is acceptable to use a depth gauge (eg 225-256 Ono Sokki or eg) to measure the position of the TFA piston or 148 00 stainless steel ballast with respect to any mounting surface; Compared to its position without a hydrogel layer in an AYE cylinder the SFC measurement is performed at ambient temperature (i.e. » 17©-75*C) and is performed as follows: 4 grams equally divided of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer forming absorbent polymer (corresponding to a base weight of 0.077 = (Toms [od]) added to a TYE cylinder and distributed evenly on the screen VV for most 1e chydrogel-forming absorbent polymers Jal Moisture content is Less than 75. For this purpose, the amount of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer (Jl) added can be determined on a wet-weight basis (as is). For hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers with a content Moisture greater than about JO The weight of the moisture-added polymer © should be corrected (ie; the polymer added should be 1.4 g on a dry weight basis). The TFT (TEA weight-less) piston with the VUE disc inserted into the TOY bore of the 5+0 piston head is inserted into the cylinder 774 and placed on top of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer (dry lel VYYA when necessary; Jy vo the piston 177 gently to distribute more evenly the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer on the screen 111 Nae The cylinder 74 covered with the cap 77 and the weight TEA are placed on the TEY end of the CITA column

Coated disc (coarse or extra-coarse) having a diameter larger than the diameter of the IVE cylinder is placed in a wide/shallow flat-bottomed container filled to the top with Jayco synthetic urine. The piston/cylinder assembly 178 is then placed on top of this coated glass disc. The fluid passes from the container through the coated disc and is absorbed by the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer 0 64. When the fluid is absorbed by the polymer; A hydrogel layer forms in the TE cylinder after a time of 10 minutes; The thickness of the hydrogel layer is determined. Care must be taken not to lose the hydrogel layer of fluid or to take in air during the procedure. This accumulator then transfers piston/cylinder 78+ to the device .01 cementing screen (not shown) and any gap between it and accumulator piston/cylinder 178 is saturated with aqueous solution. If the VIA coated pall 0 of the PUP is used to support the AVE cylinder, the surface of the coated funnel must be raised to a minimum relative to the fluid height in the collecting tank, with the valves between the funnel and the collecting tank in the open position. (The height of the coated funnel must be sufficient so that the fluid passing through the hydrogel layer does not accumulate in the funnel.) The SFC measurement begins by adding a NaCl solution through the hole 1460 in the TFA column in order to expel 1 _ air from the piston head To, and then the plug 677 is rotated to the open position so that the connecting tube 77 delivers the fluid to the cylinder 1764 to a height © cm above the bottom of the STA hydrogel layer Although the measurement (fo) starts at the time of addition of the Yl NaCl solution, note the time at which a stable hydrostatic pressure corresponds to % cm of the brine; and a stable flow rate L(t) (the time should be about 1 minute or less.) The amount of fluid passing through the TTA hydrogel © layer against time is determined by a gravimeter for a time period of 10 minutes. after the elapsed time; The accumulator is still piston/cylinder 678 and the thickness of the hydrogel layer (TTA) is measured. Generally, the change in the thickness of the hydrogel layer is less than about .701. Generally, the flow rate should not be constant. flow rate based on time through the system; F(t) is specified in units of grams/sec; by dividing the excess weight of the fluid passing through the system (in grams) ve by the excess time (in seconds). Only data collected for times between 1 and 10 minutes are used for flow rate calculations. The flow rate between a and 10 minutes is used to calculate the value for

F(t = 0) The initial flow rate through the hydrogel layer. Calculate (©0 = F(t) by extrapolating the results for a least squares fit of F(t) against time to 0 - . for a very Alle permeable layer Ol) flow rate greater than 01 g/sec); It may not be practical to collect a fluid for a full 10 minute period. For a flow rate greater than 0,001 g/Al the collection time can be shortened in relation to the flow rate. For some aqueous gel-forming absorbent polymers having very low permeability. Fluid absorption by a hydrogel decreases with fluid transport through the hydrogel bed and whether there is no fluid flow through the hydrogel bed and into the reservoir or; Probably; There is a net fluid absorption outside the tank (PUP) for these layers of very low hydrogel; Optionally extend the absorption time of Jayco synthetic urine into longer periods (Ol 01 hour). in a separate measure; The flow rate through the 601 and the YA piston/cylinder manifold (Fy) is measured as described above; Except that there is no hydrogel layer. if ,7 is much greater than the rate of flow through the system when the hydrogel layer is present; (Fy) then no correction for flow resistance from the SFC device and piston/cylinder manifold is necessary. In this limit; (Fy = Fy where Fy is 1 the contribution of the hydrogel layer to the flow rate of the system. However If this requirement is not fulfilled, then the flow correction is used to calculate the value of Fg from 'Fay Fs af : 7-1 / q h The conductance of the brine flow (K) from the hydrogel layer is calculated using the following equation: K = {F(t 0( x Lo}/{p x A x AP} © where Fy(t = 0) is the flow rate in g/sec determined from the results of the flow rate retrospective analysis and any correction due to the collector flow resistance/ lead) What is the initial thickness of the gel layer SL in pcan is the density of the NaCl solution in g/cm”. A is the area of the hydrogel layer in cm AP is the hydrostatic pressure in dyne/sm and conductivity Brine flow; 1 is in units of cm sec/g. Yo The mean of three determinations should be recorded. For hydrogel layers where the flow rate is constant ca sa a co-permeability (k) can be calculated from the conductance of the brine flow salt using the following equation:

x | k=Kn, where 0 is the viscosity of the NaCl solution in equilibrium and the co-permeability; ck is in units of pu The following is an example of how the SFC is calculated according to the present invention:

° The measured values of ,17 are 407 g/min = LAY g/sec. For a single determination on sample =F of a Jall hydrogel-forming polymer (38) (example ¢(Y) the value derived for F(t = 0) is 7.4 g/min = 4,070 g/Ail with a very low rate of incline: Intercept 01 XQ “sec.” Correction for device resistance:

GW - .,0%0 — LAY) + 0.0% 6 X LAY) = F, 0.118 mole density of brine given 0.001 "g/cm" CRC) Chemistry textbook nature; Edition (1) (CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 61st Edition) Hydrogel layer thickness 1,174 cm; hydrogel bed area YAYY sama and hydrostatic pressure 54710 dyne/sama (01 x 2,111) = K L )171 X YAYY X J [fam TY Xx g estimation of intrinsically constant flow rate and brine viscosity 2.118 mol specific 0.0100156 CRC equilibrium) Textbook of Chemistry and Nature; Edition (VY: (CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 61st Edition) ive x (Te x 0) =Kn =k 2h Taw "Ve x0) 7- Performance Induced Pressure (PUP) ov This test determines the absorption Te min g/g of industrial urine of a hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer Alli specific Lua je in a piston assembly / cylinder iad specific pressure 1.7 Pounds per square inch (about © (kPa) The aim of the test is to determine the ability of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer layer to absorb body fluids; over a certain period of time; when the polymer is present at a high base weight, Ye and high concentrations in an absorbent member and subject it to the stresses of application stresses of use against which a hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer is forced to absorb urine in the face of mechanical stresses ay involved arising from the wearer's weight and/or movements; Flexible tapes and fixing systems; hydrostatic suction produced by adjacent capillary (i.e., porous) layers and/or structures when filtered from fluids. The Jag pd absorbent of this fluid under the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer that forms the hydrogel H0 is required at a near-zero hydrostatic pressure. At one end of this device is a tank 01. For this test, it appears in Figure 701. Suitable apparatus ad) On an analytical balance indicated 101 Reservoir rests VY E (like a petri dish) has a cap 701 Fluid piston manifold/VIA is coated funnel commonly indicated 701 Other end The VT device generally has a cylindrical plastic coated funnel cover referred to as VIA that fits inside the funnel 771 cylinders generally referred to as 0 and is open at the bottom and closed at the top; The apex has a hole VIA to it generally 777 that fits above the funnel that has a system for conveying fluid in both directions consisting of small capillary tube sections 701. device 1/1 inch; Tygon tube Oe) flexible plastic tubing; AJY 5 Diameter VIN Seal Assemblies and A771 and VY E Seal Assemblies for Glass Tube Connection VOY (Vou VEA Teflon eo 71) The 7770 Seal Assembly consists of a 3-prong valve 778 VTA glass capillary and;77 in main fluid system; and a section of a glass capillary tube 777 for a reservoir to complete the paralysis VIA manifold and equal front surface of the plated disc in a plated funnel 01 lack of a three-way valve 750 glass capillary 7;1 and 7471 in line Fluid VIA stopper acts as a system strainer. Main VEE; section of glass capillary tube 0

Al) from cylinder 754 cup-like piston indicated 771 The accumulator OY is formed with reference to the shape of a vos screen attached to the end of the bottom of the cylinder VO piston Jala and the weight of 158 fits VOT generally extended in two axes to tension prior to bonding. (VOR 46060) stainless steel fabric with mesh eyes, commonly referred to as hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer (or equivalent) and having LEXAN® on the screen. 709. Cylinder 754 is punched from a 260 vo bar with a wall thickness of approx. mm and a height of approx. ¾ cm. oan = 78.77 cm (area) 1 OD within Vor clearance and prepared to fit into the Teflon cylinder The piston 7576 is in the form of a Teflon cup

narrow. The 758 cylindrical stainless steel ballast fits exactly inside the VOU piston and has a handle on top (not shown) for easy lifting. The combined weight of the 757 piston and the VOA gravity is 0 g/ which corresponds to a pressure of 17 psi for an area of 18.71 cm. The 701 components are sized so that the rate of flow of artificial urine through it is under 0 Hydrostatic head can 01 at least 101 g/cm sec where the flow rate is determined by the area of the VIA coated funnel Particularly applicable factors to the flow rate are the permeability of the coated disc in the VIA coated funnel and the inner diameters of the 6 TC glass tube VEY said VY (VEN, stopper valves VYA and 7660) The tank YY is placed on an analytical balance VT accurate to at least 0501g with a deviation of 1.10 g/h. It is preferable to face the scale to a computer with software It can (1) monitor the weight change of the balance at specified intervals from the start of the test (PUP) and (7) is set to self-start on a weight change of 0.059-001g, depending on the sensitivity of the balance. Capillary tube; VY inside the tank VY must not touch its bottom or cap 64 VV The fluid volume (not shown) in the VAY tank must be sufficient so that air is not drawn into the capillary tube; 77 during measurement Level 1 _ fluid in the VY tank At the start of the coll it should be about 7 mm below the top surface of the coated disc in the coated funnel 778. This can be confirmed by placing a small drop of fluid on the coated disc and observing by specific gravity its slow flow back into the tank VY This level must not change Essentially, when a piston/cylinder assembly 771 is placed inside the VIVA funnel, the tank must have a sufficiently large diameter Ole (about VE cm) so that the reflux of parts is about 50 milliliters, resulting in a change in fluid height. less than ? millimeter. The Jayco artificial urine used in this option is prepared by dissolving a mixture of ¥ grams KCL ¥ grams in 50 ydl 1.88 grams, 1:00Ab11L #1 grams 1.1 “(NHy);HPOy grams “CaCly” 7 g MgCl to 1 liter with distilled water. Saline mixture can be purchased from Reading Endovations, Pennsylvania, Pa. (catalog no. JA-00131-000-01). Yo pre-measurement; Say combined with synthetic urine; level to surface The front of the coated tablet in the VIA coated funnel so that Day is filled with fresh synthetic urine. As far as possible, air bubbles q0 are removed from the surface of the bottom of the coated tablet and thus uniformly connects the funnel to the reservoir. The following procedures are carried out in a successive process of sealing With three prongs: from the coated funnel (ad Di) the excess fluid on the upper surface of the coated tablet Lazy-1 except for the correct value/level. VAY adjusts the height/weight of the solution in the tank -" °

VY At the correct height relative to the VIA tank, the coated funnel —¥ .777 is placed in the VIA coated funnel cap; the coated funnel is then capped with valves 7778 and 7460 of the VIA seal manifolds and the VAY coated funnel ©- The tank and 7778 are paralleled in the open connection mode. 7

VE YYA shuts the two valves Mae -“ 1

VEE so that the funnel of the drain pipe opens VEL The valve then turns -7" Allows the system to equilibrate in this position for 0 minutes. =A to the closed position. VEL The valve then returns - VIA Coated funnel surface 'dry Steps 5-7 temporarily' dry

Small hydrostatic VEE of about © cm. This suction is applied if the open end of tube 1 extends to about ¾ cm below the level of the coated disc in the coated funnel and is filled with artificial urine. Typically, about ¥ grams of fluid is drained from the system during this process. This process prevents premature absorption VIA into the coated funnel 771 premature urine when placing the piston/cylinder manifold (ad) funnel correction weight (car) the amount of fluid drained from the coated funnel in the process. 770 minutes without V0 piston/cylinder manifold (see below) for a period of time PUP by Ye test Basically all the fluid draining from the funnel coated with this process is very quickly absorbed into the funnel when the test begins. Thus, it is necessary to subtract this corrective weight from the weights of the fluid removed from the tank (see below). PUP during the test hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer 4,.; gram hydrogel absorbent polymer added to a 754 cylinder and distributed evenly (Taw g/1.77) (corresponds to a base weight of 760 ve for most hydrogel absorbent polymers Ved on a screen is Moisture content is typically less than 70 for chydrogel-forming absorbent polymer

these polymers; The weight of the added polymer can be determined on the basis of wettability (as is). For polymers having a moisture content greater than about 785 the weight of the moisture-added polymer should be corrected (ie; the polymer additive should be 155 grams on a dry weight basis). Care must be taken to prevent hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer 0111 from sticking to the inner walls of the Ved cylinder. The Vou piston slides into cylinder 754 and the hydrogel-forming 0101 adhesion absorbent polymer The plunger can be rotated gently to help distribute the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer 1078 (17008©1-0). The accumulator is placed piston/cylinder VY. On top of the coated part of the funnel VIA the weight slides Jala 7548 The VOT piston and then the top of the funnel #0 #1 is covered with the coated funnel cap 777. After checking the balance reading for stability, the test begins by opening valves 778 and 7450 to connect the funnel VIA to the tank VY with self-starting; data collection begins immediately with the start The VIA funnel in the fluid absorption. Data are recorded for a period of 10 minutes. The moisture content of the hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer is determined separately by measuring the weight loss after 7 hours at ©10*. Moisture content measured in dry weight calculation of hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer lal used in PUP test PUP rating (g/g) = (0 < 117,)1 - 0,117 = Wig } [Wiee-(3883 01 dry basis) where (0) (t= ,17 is the weight in grams of tank 701 pre-primary; ,17© = 01 min) ve is the weight in grams of the VAY tank at 1 min; Wee is the weight of the coated funnel correction in grams (measured separately); 5 Wingy based Gla is the dry weight in grams of the -hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer ¥— the gel volume for most hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer +0 is determined by the volume of dal ) in the manner described in Reissued Patent 771644 32649 U.S.

Pat.

No.

Re. (Brandt et al.); Reissued April 19, 1988 (merged here for reference) but with the use of ay This synthetic urine comes Jayco SynUrine A synthetic urine known as Jayco SynUrine 1 (NH4H,POy g 0.26 g B0qdl) 1 gram KCl (1 gram) by dissolving a mixture of 1 liter of distilled water. Each 1 gram 148012 to 177 “CaCly 119 gram “(NHg),HPO, LE can chemical substances Reactor grade SynUrine pH in the range of 6” to “Reading <Endovations from SynUrine Innovation Inc. Obtaining SynUrine Mixture © (catalog number 18-00131-000-1). Calculate gel volume On the basis of dry weight Pa. Pennsylvania dl The dry weight used in calculating the gel volume is determined by drying the gel-forming absorbent polymer for three hours 4 0) v0 in an oven at hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer to measure the volume Gel can be used for hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers (see Aly method) (see Blue Dextran hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers gel method 0 above) to hydrogel-forming surfaces (eg, polymers prepared from cationic monomers). < hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers For these hydrogel-forming polymers the absorbent ability test is used; However, the dry weight of the hydrogel forming polymer uses the calculation instead of the weight as is. See patent for hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer et al.); Issued in ?? Roe (Roe U.S. Pat. No. 5124188 0) Y£1AA American Patent ve (merged herein by reference) to describe the test of absorbent ability. 78-717 Jun 1997; Extraction column —£ carboxylic acid polymers The percentage of the carboxylic acid-base extracted polymer is determined by the 'determination' method hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers hydrogel-forming polymer content extract-carboxylic acid gel-forming polymers aqueous alkaline" YL

Extractable Polymer Content Determination-Carboxylic Acid Based Hydrogel-

Forming Polymers

U.S.A. Pat. No. Re. 32649 77744 described in the reissued US patent (merged herein for reference); but with 1988 Apr 19 and others); Reissued in Brantit (Brantit using 70.9 saline; filter the supernatant through a 7/07 glass microfiber filter for vo (ex. Catalog No. 87©51-0?1) or e.g.); The Whatman polymer extract was calculated on a dry weight basis. Note also that in the re-issued US patent aA should refer to Vi 7 indicates the base size of should be 17.5. Pat. No. Re. 32649 4 ' the volume of the acid.

Gell The percentage of an extracted polymer in carboxylic acid base non-carboxylic acid hydrogel-forming absorbent polymers was determined by the distilled water / specific gravity method called 'determination of the content of the extracted polymers' - aqueous component polymers containing a sulfonic acid Jal

Extractable Polymer Content Determination-Sulfonic Acid-Containing Hydrogel-

Forming Polymers

U.S.A. Pat. No. Re. 32649 77744 described in Reissued US Patent No. 32649 referred to but with the calculation of the polymer extracted on a dry weight basis. Described in the patent “Gel Strength/Shear Modulus etermination” U.S. Pat. No. Re. 32649 7771449 hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer (1) The following: 1 Use an oscillating current meter with a parallelplate configuration (Y) Jayco SynUring psiRin mm; (©) Modify the formula to calculate the coefficient of coefficient of parallelogram configuration 1 Set the gap at Cum of about 70.7 5 (0) grind the hydrogel-forming polymer JH peak tensile value (£) coded (such that it passes through an American standard hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer micron test sieve) if necessary; The aqueous gel formed at Yor filling factor £0 (0H holes) is filled between the plates of an oscillating current meter.

AA

Claims (1)

Protection elements “aqueous body fluids for containing aqueous body fluids” absorbent member “absorbent” mode-1 comprising at least one area comprising aqueous gel-forming absorbent polymer Y by weight; 7001 to 0 in concentration of About hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer 3 Zone hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer This hydrogel-forming polymer ¢ provides continuous fluid-gel transport when in the swollen state and has: 0 (a) value of brine flow conductance ( SFC) at least approx. 01*71 'cm"; v (b) rated performance under pressure (PUP) at least YY g/g under specific pressure 1" A psi square inch ¢(kPa©) (psi) 4 (c) _at least base weight of about 90 tgsm 0 Said zone has sufficient wettability that said continuous gel zone 11 substantially retains its ability to acquire and transfer said body fluids through said continuous gel area. 1 ?- The absorbent member of protection element 1, since the basic weight of the hydrogel-forming polymer Y in the mentioned storage area is at least v about 001 gsm 1?- The absorbent member of protection element 1, where the Y-component polymer of the aforementioned hydrogel-forming polymer has anionic functional groups .anionic functional groups ¥ 1 - The absorbent member of the protective element? Whereas, the aforementioned Y anionic functional groups of the aforementioned hydrogel-forming polymer 1 are carboxy groups. 01 #- the absorbent member of the protective element; Whereas, the Y-component polymer of the hydrogel-forming polymer is a cross-linked surface. 1 +- the absorbent member of the protection element © where the aforementioned hydrogel-forming polymer Y is selected from the group consisting of v copolymers grafted with starch-acrylonitrile hydrolyzed ¢ hydrolyzed starch- acrylonitrile graft copolymers Wile ¢ starch-grafted acrylonitrile copolymers - partially neutral hydrolyzed Yeo tpartially neutralized hydrolyzed starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymers ° «starch-acrylic acid graft copolymers 1 starch-acrylic acid graft copolymers 1 mainly grafted starch-acrylic acid graft copolymers 7 Siu} copolymers ¢partially neutralized starch-acrylic acid graft copolymers A ¢saponified vinyl acetate-acrylic ester copolymers 4 ¢hydrolyzed acrylonitrile copolymers Wile hydrolyzed acrylonitrile copolymers Ve cross-linked network products hydrolyzed acrylamide copolymers Lite hydrolyzed acrylonitrile copolymers 11 copolymers of any of the slightly network crosslinked products VY ¢partially neutralized polyacrylic acid copolymers mentioned above; Partially neutralized polyacrylic acid Vy slightly network crosslinked products Vi slightly crosslinked products and mixtures thereof. «partially neutralized polyacrylic acid Vo 0 7- The absorbent member of protection element 1, where the polymer component 7 of the hydrogel-forming polymer is in the form of particles. 01 “#- The absorbent member of the protection element Cua 1 The mentioned particles Y of the said hydrogel-forming polymer have a particle size in the range of 1 from about 01 to about 159500 microns .microns 1 4- Absorbent member Protective element Cua A The polymer component Y of the aforementioned hydrogel-forming polymer has a particle size with an average mass of about 0 ¢ to about Ave microns microns 1-01 The absorbent member of claim 1 wherein the Y component polymer of the said hydrogel-forming polymer Jal has an SFC value from about Ye to about 0 01 Tans v sec/g and a PUP multiple of about 77 to about yo g/¢g. -11 01 The absorbent member of claim 1 wherein the Y component polymer of the said hydrogel-forming polymer has an SFC value of at least about x ov 0 v ” cm"sec/g and a PUP multiple of at least about Yo g/g. 011 VY 1 The absorbent member of claim 11 wherein the Y component polymer of said hydrogel-forming polymer has an SFC value of about 00 to about 01 00 v “cm” sec/gram and a multiple value of PUP from about yo to about yy g/ ¢ gram — VY 0 the absorbent member of protection 1 where the Y-component polymer is The hydrogel-forming polymer in question has an SFC value of at least about 08 X YTV y cm sec/g and a PUP value of at least about 79 g/g. -14 1 The absorbent member of claim 1 wherein the Y component polymer of said hydrogel-forming polymer has about 719 or less extractable polymer and -extractable polymer -1# 01 The absorbent member of the protective element; Cua 1 being the Y constituent polymer of said hydrogel-forming polymer having about 701 or less extractive polymer .extractable polymer v -11 1 absorbent member of claim 1 wherein the Y component polymer of said hydrogel-forming polymer has a gel pas of at least about 01 g/0g. -117 1 The absorbent member of the protector Cua 11 The Y component polymer of the said hydrogel-forming polymer has a pas-gel from about Yo to about 0 v g / g. —YA 1 absorbent member of claim 11 wherein the Y-component polymer of said hydrogel-forming polymer has a gel pas of about 01 to about 0 ¥ no g/ gram. 1-01 The absorbent member of claim 11 wherein the Y-component polymer of the said hydrogel-forming polymer has a gel resistance of at least about 00001 v dyne / “ons 01 700- an absorbent member for containing aqueous body fluids comprising at least one Y-zone of a hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer in 11 by weight; Hydrogel-forming polymer 7000 to 100 concentration of about v mentioned provides a continuous fluid-gel transition zone in a swollen state and has: hydrogel-forming polymer 3 sec/” 01 x Fe at least approx. (SFC (Value of conduction of brine flow) (° tal ja 1 g/g under pressure YY at least about PUP) rated performance under pressure (b) v ¢(kPa©) psi 1.7 square inches specified A tgsm 01 (c) _basic weight of at least approx. a said zone shall have sufficient wettability so that the continuous gel zone substantially retains its ability 0. to acquire and transport body fluids through the continuous gel zone. 11 Whereas, the storage area of Yo of the protective element absorbent member -?71 1 of the hydrogel-forming polymer 7000 of the aforementioned fluid consists of about 80 to 1 of the aforementioned hydrogel-forming polymer 1 and where the basic weight is 01 of the protective element absorbent member 1-77 mentioned in the mentioned area hydrogel-forming polymer of the hydrogel-forming polymer Y gsm 71 at least about v The absorbent core —YY 001 comprises an absorbent layer for fluid storage comprising a fibrous tissue having at least one region containing Y hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer molecules Hydrogel-forming absorbent 7 “carboxy functional groups” cross-linked surface having carboxy functional groups 3 mentioned in the region mentioned in hydrogel-forming polymer Hydrogel-forming polymer ° by weight; This hydrogel-forming polymer 7001 provides a concentration of about 71 x that is in the swollen state Laie continuous gel-forming fluid JE zone hydrogel-forming polymer 7 and has: A “Vx 600 to about *0 of about (SFO) brine flow conductance value (1) i cm" sec/g; 0 g/g under YY to about Yo of about (PUP) Rated value of performance under pressure (b) 1 ¢ (kPa©) psi 17 specified pressure VY AA : 1 8800 Yo (c) _at least basic weight of about yy textractable polymer or less polymer extract 701 Ja (3) Ve g/g Av to about Ye gel volume of about ( 2) vo said zone shall have sufficient wetting integrity so that said continuous gel zone 5 substantially retains its ability to acquire and transfer body fluids through said continuous gel zone. Wy since said zone includes from YY of the absorbent core protection Absorbent core 74 1' hydrogel-forming polymer of hydrogel-forming polymer 7001 approximately 80 to Y as the main weight of the polymer YY of the absorbent core ©#?- absorbent core 0 The aforementioned hydrogel-forming absorbent polymer Aldi gel-forming absorbent Y gsm 001 is at least about v which includes the addition of a YY acquisition layer of the protective element absorbent core -71 0 Liquid Y, where the fluid storage layer YU is from the protective element absorbent core 7?- The absorbent core 01 is chemically reinforced. The mentioned cellulosic fibers include cellulosic fibers, as the fluid storage layer VY Of the protective element, the absorbent core – the absorbent core – YA 0, is present – hydrogel-forming polymer. The aforementioned includes a layer of hydrogel-forming polymer Y again. A fibrous layer first and a fibrous layer between the fibrous layer v Whereas, the fluid storage layer YY is from the absorbent core 4? absorbent core The aforementioned -710-1 is thermally bonded. Y, as thermoplastic material is HMI 71 of the protection element. absorbent core -YY-1. thermoplastic binder fibers Y Jall, as the polymer constituent YY of the protective element absorbent core YY 01 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogel-forming polymer (Ala Y shydrolyzed starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymers inlaid with starch-acrylonitrile decomposes Hydrolyzed ¥ starch-grafted copolymers-acrylonitrile-partially neutral hydrolyzed Yof tpartially neufralized neutralized starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymers ° «starch-acrylic acid graft copolymers 1 Ld hls LS starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymers 7 Auf ¢partially neutralzed strach-acrylic acid graft copolymers A ssaponified vinyl acetate-acrylic ester copolymers 9 ¢hydrolyzed acrylonitrile copolymers Hydrolyzed acrylonitrile copolymers Ve Cross-linked network products thydrolyzed acrylamide copolymers Wile Acrylamide hydrolyzes 11 copolymers of any of slightly network crosslinked products Sl VY ¢partially neutralized polyacrylic acid copolymers aforementioned; 3 slightly network crosslinked products Ve and mixtures thereof ¢partially neutralized polyacrylic acid vo —¥Y 0 absorbent core of claim YY as the aforementioned hydrogel-forming polymer Y has a gel size of about 0 to about Veo Y g/g. =Y¢ 0 the absorbent core of claim 1 wherein the aforementioned hydrogel-forming polymer Y has about ZV or less as an extracted polymer .extractable polymer v —Yo 1 absorbent core Cus YY The hydrogel-forming polymer Y has an average molecular size of about 100 to 1 About Ave μm Jal Whereas, the polymer component YY of the protective absorbent core —¥T 1 00001 mentioned has a gel resistance of at least about hydrogel-forming polymer (Jal . ¥ ans ) Dyne/v = YV 0 absorbent article comprising an upper part of all gall Mia an impermeable lower part Y to fluids; and the absorbent core of protector YY placed between said upper part and the lower part Bottom mentioned. 1 8”- The absorbent article of protection element YY that makes up the diaper. 1 “0 1 ¥4~ absorbent article of protection element VV which is an absorbent pant. 0 46- The absorbent material of protection element YY, which is a menstrual pad.