RU93847U1 - SYSTEM FOR COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL OF SOLID DOMESTIC WASTE FROM MULTI-STOREY BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

The solution relates to waste disposal systems from residential buildings. The technical task of the proposed system is to create a facility that implements directly in a multi-story building the possibility of separating solid household waste by type of material with compacting by pressing at least some of them and obtaining marketable briquettes suitable for recycling, as well as the possibility of centralized disposal of food waste without accumulating them outside the building and without transporting them out of the building, as well as sorting food waste for recycling. This is achieved by the fact that the system for collecting and removing solid household waste (MSW) from a multi-storey building includes a garbage chute, loading devices located on the floors of the building connected to a garbage chute, a receiving chamber located below the end section of the garbage chute trunk and equipped with sewage, while it is equipped with a semi-automatic system of separation by type, collection and disposal of solid waste, in which when a user loads a certain type of solid waste into a garbage can connected to the trunk of the garbage chute the handling device and the subsequent user exposure to the control device, made preferably in the form of a control panel located on the floor of the building, it is ensured that the automatic device in the receiving chamber guides this specific type of MSW into its corresponding container or the container corresponding to the type of this MSW is loaded with the possibility of subsequent unloading from it and pressing and / or packaging for their further recycling, while for those with the ability to grind solid food waste, there are means for their grinding directly in the users premises, with the subsequent transfer of the crushed solid food waste to the sewage system, and if there is no means for grinding directly in the user's premises or for those not subjected to grinding, solid food waste suitable for further processing - there is a system for supplying them through the chute to a container for collection with the subsequent direction directly to otreblenie for animals or for processing to feed them. In addition, the system for collecting and removing solid household waste from a multi-storey building is equipped with a centralized chopping device for the garbage collected through the trunk of the garbage that is not suitable for further processing of solid food waste for directing the resulting product to a sewer whose capacity exceeds the capacity of the means for grinding them directly in the user's premises. In the system for collecting and removing solid household waste from a multi-story building, a container intended for solid food waste may have an unloading dispensing device or communicate with an unloading dispensing device for subsequent submission of solid waste to a receiving device designed to sort suitable for further use solid waste and fraction separation solid food waste for their subsequent packaging and distribution to the consumer as a marketable product. In this case, the lower part of the said receiving device can be configured to calibrate the rest of the food waste. The system for collecting and removing solid household waste from a multi-storey building is equipped with an automatic device located in the receiving chamber, preferably a rotary type or in the form of a system of branched pipelines connected to the lower part of the garbage chute, with shutters automatically controlled for sorting of MSW, providing targeted delivery of various types of MSW, including solid food waste, in appropriate containers. At the same time, means for pressing and packaging certain types of solid waste can be placed outside the receiving chamber.

Description

The proposed technical solution relates to the field of waste disposal systems from residential buildings.

A known installation for collecting and sorting solid household waste, including a manual sorting station, a device for separating ferrous metals, mobile containers and a waste briquetting press, the installation includes a non-capital building equipped with a receiving window and an unloading opening, and a manual sorting station, a device for separating ferrous metals, mobile containers and a press for briquetting waste are placed inside the building, in which there are compartments for placing sorted and briquetted waste approaches (RU No. 66697, V03V 9/06).

The closest known one is the garbage chute for multi-story buildings, including separate barrels for food and non-food waste with loading valves and unloading devices, in which the barrel for non-food waste is equipped with supply fans installed in increments of height and a mesh hopper and a working one located in its upper part a chamber with a device for packaging paper waste, and the unloading device of the barrel for food waste is made in the form of a grinding device and a mixture connected to it a container of flexible material, and in the upper part of the barrel for food waste is connected to the water supply network of the building (SU No. 15474760, E04F 17/10, 1990).

The technical task of the proposed system is the creation of an installation that implements directly in a multi-story building the possibility of separating municipal solid waste by type of material by compacting by pressing at least a portion of them and obtaining commodity packages suitable for recycling, as well as:

a) The possibility, using a special device articulated with a container of solid food waste, to sort the recyclable solid food waste suitable for recycling, packaging and subsequent sale. The remaining food waste in this device, unsuitable for recycling, is crushed on special equipment built into this device and discharged into the sewer (≈5-10%).

b) Alternatively, complete processing on a special grinder and discharge into the sewer is possible.

This is achieved by the fact that the system for collecting and removing solid household waste (MSW) from a multi-storey building includes a garbage chute, loading devices located on the floors of the building connected to a garbage chute, a receiving chamber located below the end section of the garbage chute trunk and equipped with sewage, while it is equipped with a semi-automatic system of separation by type, collection and disposal of solid waste, in which when a user loads a certain type of solid waste into a garbage can connected to the trunk of the garbage chute the handling device and the subsequent user exposure to the control device, made preferably in the form of a control panel located on the floor of the building, it is ensured that the automatic device in the receiving chamber guides this specific type of MSW into its corresponding container or the container corresponding to the type of this MSW is loaded with the possibility of subsequent unloading from it and pressing and / or packaging for their further recycling, while for those with the ability to grind solid food waste, there are means for their grinding directly in the users premises, with the subsequent transfer of the crushed solid food waste to the sewage system, and if there is no means for grinding directly in the user's premises or for those not subjected to grinding, solid food waste suitable for further processing - there is a system for supplying them through the chute to a container for collection with the subsequent direction directly to otreblenie for animals or for processing to feed them. In addition, the system for collecting and removing solid household waste from a multi-storey building is equipped with a centralized chopping device for the garbage collected through the trunk of the garbage that is not suitable for further processing of solid food waste to send the resulting product to a sewer whose capacity exceeds the capacity of the means for grinding them directly in the user's premises. In the system for collecting and removing solid household waste from a multi-story building, a container intended for solid food waste may have an unloading dispensing device or communicate with an unloading dispensing device for subsequent submission of solid waste to a receiving device designed to sort suitable for further use solid waste and fraction separation solid food waste for their subsequent packaging and distribution to the consumer as a marketable product. In this case, the lower part of the said receiving device can be configured to calibrate the rest of the food waste. The system for collecting and removing solid household waste from a multi-storey building is equipped with an automatic device located in the receiving chamber, preferably a rotary type or in the form of a system of branched pipelines connected to the lower part of the garbage chute, with shutters automatically controlled for sorting of MSW, providing targeted delivery of various types of MSW, including solid food waste, in appropriate containers. At the same time, means for pressing and packaging certain types of solid waste can be placed outside the receiving chamber.

Figure 1 shows the garbage chute of a multi-story residential building;

Figure 2 shows the garbage chamber, a view in plan.

Figure 3 shows a variant of an automatic device for separating solid waste streams.

The system of collection and disposal of solid household waste (MSW) from a multi-storey building includes an existing garbage chute with a separation system for types of solid waste, loading valves with controlled loading lock mechanisms, when you press a button on the control panel corresponding to a specific type of solid waste, the remote control is located on each floor buildings and in the garbage chamber.

Moreover, the said system incorporates an automatic device. The specified automatically controlled device provides a separate feed by type of solid waste in containers. Preferably, this device can automatically feed the appropriate container by circular rotation or by connecting to the end of the trunk of the garbage chute a piping system (the number of pipelines depends on the number of shared solid waste) in which shutters are installed that automatically provide separation by type of solid waste and supply to the containers.

The locking of the loading valves and the control of this system is preferably carried out from the control panel installed on each floor of the building, incl. and the garbage chamber.

A device for packaging or briquetting by types of solid waste, including food waste.

An automatic system for the types of solid waste (controlled by panels installed on each floor of the building) and loading into containers in a waste collection chamber contains a device articulated with a container for solid food waste, which provides sorting by type of solid food waste, as well as by size of fractions, with installed equipment for grinding food waste, connected to the sewer, preferably unsuitable for processing solid food waste or their complete grinding.

In this case, the container for solid food waste is equipped with a special mechanism that allows to dose the discharge of solid food waste into a device for sorting, calibrating the grinding of food waste, preferably unsuitable for recycling and flushing it into the sewer by supplying a jet of water to this device.

The system for the collection and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) from a multi-story building includes a garbage chute that has a barrel 1 made of sections located at a height that are equipped with loading valves 2. The loading valves have blocking mechanisms, the control of which 3 ensures blocking of the load at the same time or more early loading of solid waste on another floor, as well as during the passage of loaded and removed along the barrel 1 waste solid waste. The end section 4 of the garbage chute 5. The garbage collection chamber 6 is designed to collect certain types of solid waste separately collected and loaded through valves 2 on the floors. A press 7 is installed in the garbage collection chamber or in another room for compaction of disassembled non-edible solid waste. In the garbage collection chamber, automatic devices are installed that separate food waste by type of solid waste, for example, on a rotary device 8 or a piping system with automatically controlled dampers that ensure the separation of solid waste. Containers 9 for individual types of solid waste, for example, such as paper, metal, glass, and a container 10 for food waste installed there. A device 12 is connected to the sewer system (with a ladder 11) for grinding food waste to the extent that it can be removed into the sewer system and transported therein. The MSW collection and disposal system is equipped with a receiving device 13 for unloading, preferably food waste, into it from an appropriate container for their subsequent additional sorting, carried out both in a dry mode and in a mode with water supply for washing and wet classification of food waste being removed. To implement this process, the receiving device 13 and / or the container for food waste is equipped with a system with a pipe 14 for supplying washing water to them. The receiving device, in which manual sorting and rejection is carried out from the direction for subsequent use of food waste, has a shutter 15 with a calibrating grate, the gap between the rods located in its upper part corresponds to a predetermined size of food waste for introducing them into the device 12 for grinding food waste. The containers 9 have the ability to rotate, for example, on the axis of rotation for tipping them to the unloading position. The containers 9 are made with bottoms inclined from the axis of rotation of the turntable.

According to the State Unitary Enterprise Mosvodokanal NIIproekt, the morphological composition of solid waste is approximately as follows:

- paper (cardboard) - 38.2%

- food waste - 26.6%

- polymeric materials - 4.4%

- glass - 0.5%

Separated (pre-sorted) according to the above types of solid waste that are interested in generating income from household waste removed by residents of the house are thrown into the garbage chute by loading them through a valve. Previously, the resident of the house presses a button indicating the type of solid waste and the rotary device automatically brings under the end section the container that corresponds to the type of solid waste, or, for example, through a piping system connected to the end section of the garbage bin with automatically adjustable shutters with the subsequent supply of a certain type of solid waste in the appropriate container. When a button is pressed at one loading valve, the other loading valves are temporarily blocked, which prevents mixing of the removed solid waste. The same locking system is available in the garbage chamber 6 and is used for the duration of the work with containers. The containers are unloaded either into a press (for example, separately - polymeric materials and paper), decreasing during pressing up to 15 times, or into a special device (food waste) for subsequent grinding of food waste and removal with a stream of water into the sewer or selection of solid food waste and their packaging.

Thus, the storage, accumulation and removal of food waste is completely excluded, which favorably affects sanitary and hygienic indicators, eliminating the basis for the distribution of rodents and harmful insects, and it also ensures the receipt of finished products for processing sorted secondary raw materials, paying back the costs of their production.

Claims (6)

1. A system for collecting and removing solid household waste (MSW) from a multi-story building, including a garbage chute, loading devices located on the floors of the building connected to a garbage chute, a receiving chamber located below the end section of the garbage chute and equipped with a sewage system, characterized in that it is equipped with a semi-automatic system of separation by type, collection and disposal of solid waste, in which when a user loads a certain type of solid waste into a loading chute connected to the trunk of the garbage chute e device and the subsequent user exposure to the control device, made preferably in the form of a control panel located on the building floor, it is ensured that an automatic device located in the receiving chamber of the direction of this particular type of MSW is placed in its corresponding container or a container corresponding to the type of the given MSW is loaded with the possibility of subsequent unloading from it and pressing and / or packaging for their further recycling, while for regional There is a means for grinding solid food waste that can be crushed directly in the user's premises, followed by the routing of crushed solid food waste into the sewage system, and in the absence of a means of grinding directly in the user's living room or for solid waste not suitable for grinding, there is a system supplying them through the garbage chute to a container for collection with subsequent directing directly to the consumer for animals or for processing feed for them. 2. The system for collecting and removing solid household waste from a multi-storey building according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a centralized grinding means that is not suitable for further processing of solid food waste received through a waste chute for directing the product to a sewer whose capacity exceeds the capacity of the means grinding them directly in the user's premises. 3. The system for collecting and removing solid household waste from a multi-storey building according to claim 1, wherein the container for solid food waste has an unloading dispensing device or is in communication with an unloading dispensing device for subsequent submission of solid waste to a receiving device for sorting suitable further use of solid waste and separation of solid food waste fractions for their subsequent packaging and distribution to the consumer as commercial products. 4. The system for collecting and removing solid household waste from a multi-story building according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of said receiving device is configured to calibrate the rest of the food waste. 5. The system for collecting and removing solid household waste from a multi-storey building according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an automatic device located in the receiving chamber, preferably of a rotary type or in the form of a system of branched pipelines connected to the lower part of the garbage chute, automatically controlled for sorting of solid waste of a flap providing targeted delivery of various types of solid household waste, including solid food waste, to appropriate containers. 6. The system for collecting and removing solid household waste from a multi-story building according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the means for pressing and packaging certain types of solid waste are located outside the receiving chamber.