RU87219U1 - PNEUMATIC HYDRAULIC CONVERTER - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A pneumatic-hydraulic converter containing vertically placed floats placed below the level of the aquatic environment, a transmission, a current generator, a compressor and a pneumatic line, characterized in that it is made in the form of a wheel with vertically radial placement of floats on its rim and placed valves for supplying compressed air through hollow spokes-holders equipped with valves, cam followers, cam followers and a valve box with a cam for controlling valves and a fitting for supplying compressed air to the valve the box, the shaft of the pneumatic-hydraulic converter is kinematically connected in series with a multiplier, a magnetic coupling, a gearbox and a Segner wheel type hydraulic turbine with positive feedback located in a box below the level of the water medium, the second gearbox output is connected to the current generator through the shaft, the current generator output is connected to the unit switching and control, a float is placed inside the caisson, connected to a shut-off valve controlling the pneumatic air supply line to the separator. ! 2. The pneumatic-hydraulic converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit is connected by an input to an external electrical network source, for the initial start-up of a pneumatic-hydraulic device, the output of the control switching unit is connected to a compressor, to which a compressed air cylinder is connected to which a pressure sensor is connected , the output of which is connected to the switching and control unit, the outlet of the cylinder with compressed air is connected through the pneumatic line to the valve box fitting and the pneumatic valve ali feed

Description

Application area

The utility model relates to devices for converting low-potential thermal energy of an aqueous medium, when exposed to the gravitational, inertial and lifting forces of Archimedes, into mechanical and electrical energy.

State of the art

A method of converting the potential energy of water in hydroelectric power plants to the energy of rotation of various types of hydroturbines located at the lower level of a reservoir and connected to a reservoir is known from theory and practice (Polytechnical Dictionary. Edited by A. Ishlinsky - Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1989, p. .123.)

However, this method allows you to use only the potential hydraulic energy of the water and does not allow the use of thermal energy stored in the volume of water of the reservoir.

There is also a method of converting liquid and gas energy into mechanical energy by supplying compressed gas under bucket floats immersed in a liquid filling a bucket pneumatic hydraulic motor tank, moving bucket floats with gas in a tank upward under the action of buoyancy force of Archimedes with gas expansion as it ascends ( Patent FP N 2241998, class F03B 17/02, published 1975 and the application of Germany 2408682, class F03B 9/00, 1975).

The disadvantages of this method are reduced torque and power, and increased hydraulic losses due to the movement of bucket floats along a circular path with reduced shoulders of Archimedes forces relative to the axis of rotation and premature turning and emptying of bucket floats, as well as the fact that thermal conversion is not provided liquid energy into useful work.

Closest to the proposed invention in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of converting the energy of a liquid and gas into mechanical and electrical energy by compressing the gas with a compressor and feeding it under bucket floats immersed in a liquid filling a bucket pneumatic hydraulic motor tank, moving bucket floats with gas in the tank upwards under the action of the buoyancy force of Archimedes with the expansion of the gas as it ascends until the bucket floats are completely filled with gas and with the transfer of heat from the liquid expanding gas, bucket floats moving the infinite vertical transmission associated with it, rotation of the electric energy generator rotor transmission and bucket bucket flooding when gas is turned over (USSR Author's Certificate N 23697, class F01K 13/00, published in 1931 and RU , 2070665, M. cl. 6: F03G 7/06, 1992 and RU 2059110).

The disadvantages of the prototype method (RU 2059110) are its low efficiency, due to the non-isothermal process of gas compression in the compressor and insufficient regeneration of the heat generated during this compression, the conversion of heat accumulated in water, and the fact that it is not intended to convert the liquid pressure energy into useful work.

Another disadvantage of this method is the uncontrolled supply of air volume from the compressor, which does not determine the average effective air volume and does not allow to determine the optimal parameters of the pneumohydraulic converter, and also does not use the kinetic energy of the water displaced by the air from the floats, which also reduces the efficiency.

The purpose of the utility model is to create a device for converting the energy of a compressed air source, low-potential thermal energy of the aquatic environment, the gravitational, inertial and lifting forces of Archimedes into mechanical and electrical energy and increasing the efficiency of the device.

Technical result: the device allows you to convert the energy of a source of compressed air, utilize low-grade thermal energy of water, does not require the use of a high-level tank, while the temperature of the aquatic environment is reduced, the ecology and gas composition of the water are improved due to its saturation with oxygen.

Utility Model Implementation

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that the pneumohydraulic converter containing vertically placed floats placed below the level of the aquatic environment, a transmission, a current generator, a compressor and a pneumatic line, characterized in that it is made in the form of a wheel with vertically radial placement of floats on its rim and valves placed in them for supplying compressed air through hollow spokes-holders equipped with valves, valve pushers, pusher rollers and a valve box with cam for control by valves and a fitting for supplying compressed air to the valve box, the shaft of the pneumatic-hydraulic converter is kinematically connected in series with a multiplier, a magnetic coupling, a gearbox and a Segner wheel type hydraulic turbine with positive feedback located in a box below the level of the aqueous medium, the second gearbox output through the shaft is connected to to the current generator, the output of the current generator is connected to the switching and control unit, a float is connected inside the caisson connected to the interrupt valve, I control pnevmomagistralyu them to supply air to the separator. In addition, the control unit is connected to the source of the external electrical network, for the initial start-up of a pneumohydraulic device, the output of the control switching unit is connected to a compressor, to which a compressed air cylinder is connected, to which a pressure sensor is connected, the output of which is connected to the switching and control unit, the outlet of the cylinder with compressed air is connected through the pneumatic line to the fitting of the valve box and the valve-breaker of the pneumatic line of the air supply to the separator.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows a structural diagram of a pneumohydraulic device, where 1 is a Switching and control unit. 2 - Pressure sensor. 3 - Generator. 4 - Compressor. 5 - Cylinder. 6 - The reservoir. 7 - Generator shaft. 8 - Float. 9 - Nozzles. 10 - Pneumatic line. 11 - Caisson. 12 - Rim. 13 - Jet turbine. 14 - Conoidal nozzles. 15 - Reducer. 16 - Magnetic clutch. 17 - Multiplier. 18 - Float valve interrupter. 19 - Separator. 20 - Interrupt valve. 21 - Val. 22 - Valve box. 23 - Fitting. 24 - The output of the control and switching device. 25 - Input control device and switching. 26 - Pressure sensor circuit. 27 - Compressor control circuit. 28 - Generator circuit.

Figure 2 shows a structural diagram of a pneumohydraulic converter with vertically radially placed floats, where 29 is the spoke holder. 30 - Valve. 31 - Valve pusher. 32 - Roller pusher. 33 - Fist. 34 - Sealant. 35 - Channel.

Utility Model Implementation

By combining the kinetic energies of rotation of a pneumatic-hydraulic converter and a hydraulic turbine using a kinematic chain that includes a multiplier, gearbox and magnetic clutch, the use of a high-level reservoir is not required, while the temperature of the aqueous medium is reduced, the ecology and gas composition of the water are improved due to its saturation with oxygen and the production efficiency is increased mechanical and electrical energy.

The pneumatic-hydraulic converter can be made in the form of a wheel with floats vertically radially placed on its rim and valves placed in them for supplying compressed air through hollow spokes-holders equipped with valves, valve pushers, pusher rollers, and a valve box with a cam for controlling valves and a fitting for supplying compressed air to the valve box, the shaft of the pneumatic-hydraulic converter is kinematically connected in series with a multiplier, a magnetic coupling, a gearbox and hydrot Segner type wheel with positive feedback located in the box below the water level, the second gearbox output is connected to the current generator through the shaft, the current generator output is connected to the switching and control unit, a float is connected inside the box connected to the valve-valve that controls the pneumatic line air supply to the separator.

The control unit is connected to the source of the external electric network input, for the initial start-up of the pneumohydraulic device, the output of the control switching unit is connected to the compressor, to which the compressed air cylinder is connected, to which the pressure sensor is connected, the output of which is connected to the switching and control unit, the cylinder output from compressed air is connected through the pneumatic line to the fitting of the valve box and the shut-off valve of the pneumatic line of the air supply to the separator.

When starting the pneumohydraulic device, the compressor - 4 starts, the compressed air enters the cylinder - 5 and through the pneumatic line - 10 enters the nipple - 23 of the valve box - 22, the cam - 33 acts on the pusher roller - 32 and opens the valve - 30. In the float occurs the exchange of thermal energy of the aquatic environment and air, which reduces the temperature of the aquatic environment and increases the volume of air due to its heating. An aqueous medium is ejected from the nozzle - 9 under excessive pressure, creating a reactive force F4 tangentially directed to the radius of the pneumohydraulic converter. Under the action of the arising moment M, the pneumohydraulic converter rotates on the shaft axis - 21, and then a similar process is performed with the new float - 30. In this case, the float filled with air in the previous phase is affected by the Archimedes force, and the torque M of the pneumohydraulic converter increases. The process of filling the floats and reactive discharge of water is repeated continuously. In this case, the air from the float located below the level of the water medium and reaching the upper point of the rim - 12 is in the position in which the air leaves the nozzle - 9. Thus, all the floats on the right side of the pneumatic-hydraulic converter are filled with water and have practically "zero buoyancy" and possess only an inertial mass equal to the mass of the aqueous medium placed in the floats. And, the floats placed on the left side are filled with air and have a lifting force equal to the weight of the displaced volume of the aquatic environment according to the Archimedes law. Thus, the pneumohydraulic converter has an unbalanced moment M of reactive and Archimedean forces relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft - 22, which leads to its constant rotation.

Shaft - 21 is connected in series by a kinematic chain containing a multiplier - 17, a magnetic coupling - 16, a gearbox - 15 with a jet turbine - 13 of a Segner type wheel with positive feedback, having an input, made in the form of a conoidal nozzle - 14 for an aqueous medium.

To ensure the operation of the hydraulic turbine in the air, in the caisson - 11 a float - 18 of the shut-off valve - 20 is placed, through which air is supplied from the pneumatic line - 10 to the separator - 19.

Regulation of the air supply to the floats - 8, and the caisson - 11, as well as to regulate the start of the compressor due to the control by the pressure sensor - 2, the air pressure in the cylinder - 5 allows to optimize the compressor power consumption, which significantly increases the efficiency of the compressor - 4 in the pneumatic-hydraulic converter.

Combining the moments of reactive and Archimedean forces with the possibility of utilizing the low-potential energy of the aqueous medium into a torque M, it can be used with the help of a kinematic chain - a multiplier - 17, a magnetic coupling - 16, a reducer - 15 as a source of kinetic energy to overcome losses during the spinning of a jet turbine - 13 types of Segner wheels with positive feedback on power and the creation of a stable mode of self-generation.

At the same time, the jet turbine - 13 is located below the level of the aquatic environment and the aquatic medium enters the conoidal nozzles - 14 under a pressure of height N.

In addition, a Segner wheel-type jet turbine with positive feedback provides an increase in the suction effect of the aqueous medium through the conoidal nozzle and the receipt and accumulation of mechanical energy of inertial rotation due to positive power feedback, that is, it performs the function of a flywheel - storage of inertial rotation energy. The output of the gearbox - 15 through the shaft - 7 is connected to the generator - 3, the output - 28 of which is connected to the switching and control unit.

An estimate of the power capacity of the pneumohydraulic converter can be obtained as follows.

The size of the pneumohydraulic converter is 2 meters in diameter.

The number of floats-12 (located after 30 arc degrees on the rim - 12)

Float volume -16 cubic decimeters

Overpressure 12 meters water column (10 meters atmospheric pressure).

The torque acting due to the forces of Archimedes is equal to:

Mark = 16 cubic dm. X 1 kg / cubic dm × 9.81 m / s per sq. × 1 m × 3.72 = 584 Nm

The coefficient 3.72 determines the sum of the projections of the lifting force of the float on the radius vector of rotation through the sines of the angle of each float placed on the rim after 30 arc degrees.

The reactive force of the ejection of the aqueous medium from the float - 8 is determined through the buoyancy force equal to the force of air pressure on the aqueous medium in the float -8 to the nozzle section - 9.

With a cross-sectional size of 15 cm × 5 cm = 75 sq. cm.

Given that atmospheric pressure additively spreads over the entire device, we will only consider the action of the excess force created to overcome the water column N = 2 m. That is, the force is 2 N per square centimeter. The force F3 acting on the shear nozzle - 9 is equal to:

F3 = 2 N / sq. Cm × 75 μs. Cm. = 150 N,

accordingly, the reactive moment Mr forces F3 = 1 m × 150 N = 150 Nm.

Accordingly, the total torque is

M = Mark + Mr = 584 Nm + 150 Nm = 734 Nm.

Without loss of generality of reasoning, it is possible to apply formulas for estimating the ascent of objects with different buoyancy (for example, for submarines), in the mode of purging ballast (see Agafonov S.A., German A.D., Muratova T.V. Differential equations. - section: Mathematical model of the ascent of a submarine - M .: Publishing house of MSTU named after N.E.Bauman, 2000. - 347 p.).

The limiting value of the ascent rate of objects with different buoyancy, taking into account the resistance to movement in the aquatic environment and the structural stability of objects, is taken as a rate of climb of 2-4 meters per second. For the proposed pneumatic-hydraulic converter, this corresponds to a rotation speed of about 0.3-0.4 revolutions per second. The power rating of the pneumatic-hydraulic converter can be determined by known formulas from the passport data of any rotation motor. N = 60 sec × (M Nm × 0.3 rpm / sec) / 1000 W = 60 (734 × 0.3) / 1000 = 13, 212 kW. Let us estimate the energy consumption of the compressor to create the necessary volume of air for a pneumohydraulic converter and supply air under a water column 2 meters high.

We use a compressor as a source of compressed air. The most suitable are volume and dynamic compressors. A piston compressor consumes energy several times less than dynamic, therefore we will stop our choice of a volumetric type compressor - a piston:

- The source of compressed air is a piston compressor VP2-10 / 9.

- Productivity - 0.167 m ³ / s

- Final pressure, MPa - 0.9 (9 Atmospheres).

- Power on the compressor shaft - 56.5 kW

We will judge the efficiency of a pneumohydraulic turbine by comparing the power expended and received, i.e. amount of work per second. Compressor performance - the volume of air entering the compressor at atmospheric pressure, i.e. productivity of 0.167 m ³ / s - the volume of air before entering the compressor and after the floats.

Of the 12 pneumohydraulic converter floats, only 6 floats will be filled with air. In this case, the excess part of the air will be stored in a cylinder for compressed air, and the reciprocating compressor will be periodically disconnected from the electrical network, which significantly increases the efficiency of the device as a whole.

When air is supplied to the valve box, an air volume of 0.096 m ³ / s will displace the same amount of water from the float and rotate the pneumohydraulic converter.

The value of 0.096 m ³ / s corresponds to the water flow when calculating the power of the pneumohydraulic converter to create conditions for reactive discharge of the aqueous medium from the float, which corresponds to the air supply under the water column with a height of 2 meters. The calculation is carried out according to the formula for calculating the required power of a reciprocating compressor for a hydraulic turbine:

N = 9.81 · Q · H · Efficiency

Q is the flow rate in m ³ / s;

where 9.81 m / s ² - acceleration of gravity;

N - head in m;

The efficiency of the pneumatic-hydraulic converter is determined to be about 0.5-0.6, We get the power in kW.

Air from the compressor displaces 0.095 cubic meters of water from the float and works like a piston.

N = 9.81 · 2 · Q · 0.5 · N · Efficiency = 9.81 · Q · N · Efficiency

With a water column pressure of 2 m, we determine the necessary compressor engine power for supplying air water under this column, taking into account atmospheric pressure based on the compressor technical data:

N = (2 m 56.5 kW) / (90 m + 10 m) = 1.13 kW

Thus, the required power of the reciprocating compressor for operation of the pneumohydraulic converter is 1.13 kW of electric energy. The above estimate of the power of the pneumatic-hydraulic converter equal to N = 13, 212 kW was created provided that the required air volume was equal to 0.096 cubic meters, which is two times lower than the required amount of air for the prototype (0.167 cubic meters).

At the same time, the efficiency of the pneumohydraulic converter was determined to be about 0.5-0.6, which is to say that it is underestimated in comparison with the efficiency of jet hydraulic turbines.

Thus, energy was obtained on the pneumatic-hydraulic converter, which is 11.69 times higher than the spent:

13,212 kW / 1.13 kW = 11.69

Let us evaluate the effectiveness of using a Segner Wheel type turbine with positive feedback as an inertial storage of mechanical energy in a pneumohydraulic device.

We take the efficiency of mechanical energy transmission through the kinematic chain, the multiplier - 17, the magnetic coupling - 16, the gearbox - 15 from the shaft - 21 of the pneumatic-hydraulic converter to the jet turbine -13 equal to 0.5.

The turbine rotation speed is defined as 15 revolutions per second.

The torque transmitted to the jet turbine will be equal to

M BP = (M × 0.6 × 0.5) / 15 = (734 Nm × 0.6 × 0.5) / 15 = 14.67 Nm,

at a rotation speed of n = 15 revolutions per second.

Let us determine the laminar velocity of water flowing into the conoidal nozzle according to the formula given in (Kudinov V.A., Kartashov E.M., Hydraulics, - M, Vyssh. Shk., 2006, 175 pp .; ill., Pp. 164-167) .

where H is the height of the water pressure equal to 1 meter.

The rate of laminar flow of an aqueous medium into a jet turbine is V = 4.4 meters per second (44 dm. Per second).

With a cross section of a conoidal nozzle equal to 0.1 square meter 1 square. dm., the second flow rate will be:

1 sq. Dm. × 44 dm. per second × 1 kg per cubic dm = 44 kg.

The power of a jet turbine is determined by the formula

N = 9.8 · Q · H · η,

where 9.81 m / s ² - acceleration of gravity; Q - water consumption, cubic m per second; N - pressure, m; η - efficiency, efficiency; N - power in kW.

The pressure of the aqueous medium in the nozzles of a jet turbine is accordingly determined through the equality of the kinetic and potential energy at the nozzle exit of the jet turbine with a radius of 0.4 meters.

H = (V × V) / 2 × g

N = [(2 × 3.14 × 0.4 × 15) × (2 × 3.14 × 0.4 × 15)] / 2 × 9.81 = 72.36 meters The power of a jet turbine will accordingly be -

N = 9.81 × 44 × 72.36 × 0.5 = 15.618 kW

If the rotational speed of the gearbox shaft - 15 and the jet turbine - 13 coincide in the self-sustaining mode, the transfer of rotational energy through the magnetic coupling - 16 does not occur from the pneumatic-hydraulic converter to the turbine. When reducing the speed of rotation of the jet turbine - 13 through the magnetic coupling - 16 is the transfer of additional rotation energy. A jet turbine is a flywheel accumulator of mechanical energy of rotation and an inertial pressure transducer of an aqueous medium.

Thus, energy was obtained on a jet turbine, 13.8 times higher than the amount spent on the operation of a reciprocating compressor:

15.618 kW / 1.13 kW = 13.8.

In total, on a pneumohydraulic device, due to the utilization of low-potential thermal energy of the aquatic environment, gravitational, inertial and lifting forces of Archimedes, a power equal to the sum of the capacities of a pneumatic-hydraulic converter and a jet turbine was reached

Nsum = 15.618 kW + 13.212 kW = 28.83 kW.

The effectiveness of the claimed device is defined respectively as the ratio of energy received to spent in a reciprocating compressor:

28.83 / 1.13 = 25.5

It should be noted that the volume of supplied air is two times lower than that of the prototype and the operation of the piston engine is cyclical, which indicates an increase in the efficiency - the efficiency declared by the pneumohydraulic device.

Thus, a Segner wheel type turbine with positive power feedback when applying a rotational motion power equal to N = 6.6 kW with a torque equal to M bp = 14.67 Nm converts the pressure energy of an aqueous medium 1 meter high into power own rotational motion equal to N = 15,618 kW.

In practice, this means that jet turbines of the Segner wheel type enter the self-sustaining process of rotation with the conversion of the pressure of the aqueous medium into inertial energy of rotation with a power greater than that supplied through the kinematic circuit from the pneumohydraulic converter.

The obtained effect of utilization of low-potential thermal energy of the aquatic environment, the gravitational, inertial and lifting forces of Archimedes into mechanical and electrical energy of the force gives the effect of a cascade increase in the efficiency of the device compared to the energy expended 25.5 times.

Claims (2)

1. A pneumatic-hydraulic converter containing vertically placed floats placed below the level of the aquatic environment, a transmission, a current generator, a compressor and a pneumatic line, characterized in that it is made in the form of a wheel with vertically radial placement of floats on its rim and placed valves for supplying compressed air through hollow spokes-holders equipped with valves, cam followers, cam followers and a valve box with a cam for controlling valves and a fitting for supplying compressed air to the valve the box, the shaft of the pneumatic-hydraulic converter is kinematically connected in series with a multiplier, a magnetic coupling, a gearbox and a Segner wheel type hydraulic turbine with positive feedback located in a box below the level of the water medium, the second gearbox output is connected to the current generator through the shaft, the current generator output is connected to the unit switching and control, a float is placed inside the caisson, connected to a shut-off valve controlling the pneumatic air supply line to the separator. 2. The pneumatic-hydraulic converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit is connected by an input to an external electrical network source, for the initial start-up of a pneumatic-hydraulic device, the output of the control switching unit is connected to a compressor, to which a compressed air cylinder is connected to which a pressure sensor is connected , the output of which is connected to the switching and control unit, the output of the cylinder with compressed air is connected through the pneumatic line to the valve box fitting and the pneumatic valve or supply air to the separator.