RU84089U1 - HEATING AND COOLING BOILER WITH VERTICAL LAYING OF SOLID FUEL WITH A DENSE LAYER - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Heating and cooking roaster with a vertical laying of solid fuel in a dense layer containing a grate, characterized in that the grate is provided with a side wall and is made in the form of a glass with the possibility of laying fuel briquettes in it in the form of composite cylindrical rods parallel to the axis of the glass, in from 3 to 7 pieces, and the height of the cup Hst is selected from 3d to 14d, where d is the diameter of the briquette of solid fuel, m, and the ratio of the height Hst of the cup to its inner diameter Dst is from 0.857 to 6.482, in addition, the takan is installed inside a prismatic or cylindrical protective case, and the wall with the bottom of the glass and the cylindrical wall of the protective case or at least one of the walls of the prismatic protective case are made of metal mesh with a mesh size of at least 0.002 m.! 2. The heating and cooking roaster according to claim 1, characterized in that the area of the bottom of the glass Sst is selected from 3.66d2 m2 to 9.62d2 m2. ! 3. The heating and cooking roaster according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the surface F of the composite cylindrical rods to the mass G of the solid fuel masonry is selected from the ratio! ! moreover! ! where f is the specific radiation surface of the masonry of solid fuel, m2 / kg; ! d is the diameter of the fuel briquette, m; ! k1 is an experimentally determined coefficient equal to 125, 1 / m; ! k2 is an experimentally determined coefficient equal to 16.6, 1 / m. ! 4. The heating and cooking roaster according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel briquette is made in the form of a tablet (cylindrical checker) with a diameter d selected from 0.04 to 0.06 m, and the ratio of the height δ of the tablet to its diameter d is from 0.4 to 2.0. ! 5. The heating and cooking roaster according to claim 1, characterized

Description

The utility model relates to the field of burning solid fuels, mainly solid fuel briquettes based on carbon-containing materials, and can be used for autonomous, environmentally friendly and economical heating of residential and utility rooms, greenhouses and hotbeds, especially in areas that do not have natural fuels (gas, stone coal, firewood, peat, etc.). The utility model can find especially practical application in heating residential premises, including cottages, utility units, railway cars, cabins and tents for workers and military personnel.

State of the art

A technical solution is known for burning solid fuel, which provides the regime of burning solid fuel in a fixed dense layer on the grate (see Schegolev M.M., Gusev Yu.L., Ivanov M.S. Boiler installations. M. Stroyizdat 1972 p. 92 96, 384). Solid fuel is loaded onto burnt focal fuel residues from the previous load. Under the grate, air is supplied, which is the source of oxygen necessary for the combustion process. Fresh fuel ignites below the focal residues

the entire area of the layer. The combustion front extends from bottom to top in the thickness of the fuel layer. The thickness of the layer of fresh solid fuel loaded at a time should not exceed 5 particle diameters (about 5 cm). At this height of the fuel layer, all oxygen from the air entering the grate is consumed for combustion. At a higher height of the loaded solid fuel, the recovery process of the formation of products of incomplete combustion (carbon monoxide and soot) begins. This is unacceptable when using the specified technical solution for heating and / or cooking in residential premises that are not equipped with special forced ventilation to remove products of incomplete combustion. Therefore, when implementing the known technical solution, the permissible thickness of the loading of a layer of solid fuel, for example coal, should not exceed 5 cm, which burns out in 5-7 minutes, after which the next coal loading is performed. The main disadvantage of the known technical solution is the need to load solid fuel, for example coal, after 5-7 minutes, that is, almost continuously.

The closest in essence the technical solution to the claimed heating and cooking roaster with vertical laying of solid fuel in a dense layer is the device according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2267700, MKI F23B 70/00, publ. 01/10/2006, containing a grate for loading solid fuel in a dense layer. In the known device, the ignition of solid fuel is produced at individual points on the area of the grate. From flammable fuel, neighboring sections of the layer gradually ignite and the fuel burns out in the form of at least one combustion front moving over the area of the layer from the ignition point.

Moreover, before each loading of fresh solid fuel, the grate is cleaned of burning out focal residues, and

the permissible loading thickness of a layer of solid fuel, for example coal, should not exceed 30-50 cm, which burns out in 3-5 hours, after which the next coal loading is performed.

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the need to have a grate with an area of more than 2.25 m ² so that the duration between loads of fresh fuel, such as coal, is from 3 to 5 hours. In addition, when implementing the known technical solution, the process of formation of products of incomplete combustion of solid fuel occurs. The main disadvantage of the known technical solution is the insufficient duration of the combustion time of the fuel load necessary for continuous sleep of a person (at least 8 hours).

Utility Model Disclosure

The objective of this utility model is to develop a brazier for the environmentally friendly burning of solid fuel (without using a chimney), used both for heating rooms, including residential and sleeping rooms, and for preparing and / or heating food without affecting its organoleptic properties.

As a result of solving this problem during the implementation of the roasting pan, new technical results can be obtained, consisting in increasing the time between loads of solid fuel (at least 8 hours) while reducing the weight and overall characteristics of the brazier for burning solid fuel, as well as reducing the amount of ash and providing flue gas in strict accordance with sanitary standards.

These technical results are achieved by the fact that in a heating and cooking roaster with vertical laying of solid

fuel in a dense layer containing a grate, which is provided with a side wall and made in the form of a glass with the possibility of stacking fuel briquettes in it in the form of composite cylindrical rods parallel to the axis of the glass in an amount of 3 to 7 pieces, and the height of the glass N _article selected from 3d to 14d where d - diameter of the solid fuel briquette, m, and the ratio of the height H of glass _article to its internal diameter d _v is from 0.857 to 6.482 moreover glass is mounted within a cylindrical or prismatic container body, and a bottom wall with Akana or cylindrical wall of the container body, or at least one of the walls of the prismatic container body made of metal mesh with a mesh size of not less than 0.002 m.

A distinctive feature of the inventive heating and cooking roaster is that the grate is provided with a side wall and is made in the form of a glass with the possibility of stacking fuel briquettes in it in the form of composite cylindrical rods parallel to the axis of the glass in an amount of 3 to 7 pieces, and the height of the glass N _{st is} selected from 3d to 14d, where d is the diameter of the solid fuel briquette, m, and the ratio of the height H _{ct of the} glass to its internal diameter D _article is from 0.857 to 6.482, in addition, the glass is installed inside a prismatic or cylindrical protective housing, and the wall with the bottom of the cup or the cylindrical wall of the protective housing or at least one of the walls of the prismatic protective housing is made of a metal mesh with a mesh size of at least 0.002 m. As a result, the time between charges of solid fuel can be increased up to 7 , 5-11 hours at a specific heat output of the heating and cooking roaster of 1.5 kW / h - 2 kW / h (height

composite rods 5 cm × 10 pcs. = 50 cm and the grate area of 3.14 × (2.16 × 5) ^2/4 = 91.56 cm ² to (2 × 5) × (2 × 5) = 100 cm ^2, d = 5 cm), which allows a person to sleep in the heat and cook and / or warm his own food without fear of poisoning during sleep by the exhaust gases generated during the combustion of solid fuels. Moreover, it was experimentally established that the above-described masonry of catalytic combustion fuel briquettes made in the form of tablets or cylinders, with a dense vertical layer in the form of three or more vertical composite rods in contact with each other by their side surfaces, provided a time for continuous heating of the room with a specific heat output of 3 , 0 kW / h to 3.5 kW / h for 7.5-11 hours (the height of the composite rods is 5 cm × 13 pcs. = 65 cm, and the area of the grate is 3.14 × (3.0 × 5) ² / 4 = 176.63 cm ^2, d = 5 cm) to isolate thodyaschih gases in accordance with the sanitary regulations. It should be noted that failure to fulfill at least one of the above conditions may lead to the burning of solid fuel with the release of an unacceptable amount of exhaust gas. Thus, from the above it follows that new technical results can only be obtained by implementing all the essential features characterizing the claimed heating and cooking roaster. Therefore, the present utility model meets the patentability condition “inventive step”. In addition, the analysis of solutions known from the prior art did not reveal a device that matches the described utility model for the entire set of essential features included in the independent claim of the utility model formula, which indicates that the present utility model meets the patentability condition “novelty” .

It is advisable the area of the bottom of the glass S _article to choose from 3.66 d ² m ² to 9.62 d ² m ² .

It is advisable that the ratio of the surface F of the composite cylindrical rods to the mass G of masonry briquettes of solid fuel was selected from the ratio:

moreover

Where

f is the specific radiation surface of the masonry of solid fuel, m ² / kg;

ρ is the density of solid fuel, kg / m ³ ;

d is the diameter of the fuel briquette, m;

k ₁ - experimentally determined coefficient equal to 125, 1 / m;

k ₂ - experimentally determined coefficient equal to 16.6, 1 / m.

It is also advisable to make the fuel briquette in the form of a tablet (cylindrical checker) with a diameter d selected from 0.04 m to 0.06 m, and the ratio of the height δ of the tablet to its diameter d was from 0.4 to 2.0.

In addition, it is advisable to provide a protective housing with a perforated lid and an ash pan.

It is advisable that the ratio of the inner diameter of the cylindrical wall of the protective housing D _cor to the inner

the diameter of the cup D _st ranged from 1.05 to 1.35, and the ratio of the inscribed diameter of the prismatic wall of the protective housing D ' _core to the inner diameter of the cup D _st was from 1.05 to 1.35.

It is also advisable that the ratio of the height of the protective casing H _cor to the height of the glass H _{ct should} be from 1.10 to 1.30.

List of drawings

In Fig 1. shows a General view of the heating and cooking roaster with vertical laying of solid fuel in a dense layer, FIG. 2 shows the cylindrical protective casing of the heating and cooking roasting pan, FIG. 3 shows the heating and cooking roaster in a disassembled state, in FIG. 4. shows a cross section of the masonry of three vertical composite cylindrical rods of briquetted solid fuel, Fig.5. shows a cross section of the masonry of four vertical composite cylindrical rods of briquetted solid fuel, Fig.6. shows a cross section of a masonry variant of five vertical composite cylindrical rods of briquetted solid fuel, Fig.7. shows a cross section of a masonry variant of five vertical composite cylindrical rods of briquetted solid fuel, Fig. 8. shows a cross section of a variant of the masonry of six vertical composite cylindrical rods of briquetted solid fuel, Fig.9. shows a cross section of a variant of the masonry of six vertical composite cylindrical rods of briquetted solid fuel, figure 10. shown transverse

section of masonry of seven vertical composite cylindrical rods of briquetted solid fuel.

Utility Model Implementation

The heating and cooking roasting pan with vertical laying of solid fuel 1 in a dense layer contains a grate equipped with a vertical side wall designed primarily for reliable fixation of ordered masonry of solid fuel briquettes and made in the form of a glass 2 made of metal mesh (see Fig. 1 and 3) with a glass height H _article from 3d to 14d, where d is the diameter of the solid fuel briquette. Moreover, in the wall of the glass 2, at least the mesh size is made smaller than the diameter d of the solid fuel briquette 1, but not less than 0.002 m (see FIG. 1). In addition, the inner diameter D _{article is} made from 2.16d to 3.5d, and the ratio of the height H _{ct of the} glass to its inner diameter D _article is from 0.85 to 6.67. For safe operation of the inventive heating and cooking roaster, the glass 2 can be installed in a protective metal case 3, consisting of a perforated cover 4 and walls 5 of the protective case, and also including an ash pan 6 (see figure 1 - figure 3). The protective housing 3 in cross section may have a circle or a polygon (preferably a regular polygon, for example, a square or a hexagon), with at least one wall made of metal mesh 7 (see figure 1). It is advisable to glass 2 to perform a cylindrical shape of a metal mesh (see figure 3). Moreover, the ratio of the inner diameter of the cylindrical wall of the protective casing D _cor to the inner diameter of the cup D _st is from 1.05 to 1.35, and the ratio of the inscribed diameter of the prismatic wall of the protective casing D ' _cor to the inner diameter of the cup D _st is

from 1.05 to 1.35. In addition, the area of the bottom of the glass, it is advisable to perform from 3.66 d ² up to 9.62 d ² . It is also advisable that the ratio of the height of the protective casing H _cor to the height of the glass H _{ct should} be from 1.10 to 1.30.

As solid fuel used fuel briquettes of catalytic combustion 1 (see figure 1), containing crushed charcoal, binder and water. Moreover, as a binder, the fuel briquette contains carboxylmethyl cellulose, or sodium hydrogenated silicate, or sapropel in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

- starch and / or carboxylmethyl cellulose from 4 to 8, or sodium hydrogenated silicate from 2 to 5, or sapropel from 2 to 10,

- water less than 3,

- crushed charcoal - the rest is up to 100.

The fuel briquette 1 can be made in the form of a tablet or a cylindrical block with a diameter selected from 0.04 m to 0.06 m, and the ratio of the height δ of the tablet to its diameter d is from 0.4 to 2.0.

The formulation and basic characteristics of fuel briquettes, preferably used in the inventive heating and cooking roaster, can be illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. Fuel tablets with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 50 mm. The composition of the fuel tablets, wt.%: Charcoal 92, potato starch 6 and water 2. The resulting fuel tablets are easily ignited by a match, burn with a faint red glow without the formation of flame, smoke, soot, toxic substances and odorless for 2 hours and emit large amounts of heat sufficient to heat greenhouses and other premises, including residential premises, in the cold season. Fuel pills have

density of 0.7 g / cm ³ , specific heat of combustion 7000 kcal / kg, and thermal power of more than 2 W / cm ² under normal conditions.

Example 2. Fuel tablets with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 50 mm. The composition of the fuel pellets, wt.%: Charcoal 92, carboxyl methyl cellulose 6 and water 2. Fuel pellets are not inferior in quality to the above, have a density of 0.7 g / cm ³ , specific heat of combustion 7000 kcal / kg, and thermal power more than 2 W / cm ² under normal conditions.

Example 3. Fuel tablets with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 50 mm. The composition of the fuel tablets, wt.%: Charcoal 94, sodium hydrogenated silicate 4 and water 2. Fuel tablets have increased mechanical strength and are not inferior in quality to the above, have a density of 0.7 g / cm ³ , specific heat of combustion of 7200 kcal / kg, and thermal power of more than 2 W / cm ² under normal conditions.

Example 4. Fuel tablets with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 50 mm. The composition of fuel pellets, wt.%: Charcoal 90, sapropel 4 and water 2. Fuel pellets are not inferior in quality to the above, have a density of 0.7 g / cm ³ , specific heat of combustion of 7200 kcal / kg, and thermal power of more than 2 W / cm ² under normal conditions.

The inventive heating and cooking roaster operates as follows. During the initial kindling, fuel briquettes of catalytic combustion 1 are placed in a glass 2 (see FIG. 1) in such a way that three to seven vertical composite rods are obtained from cylindrical fuel briquettes (see FIG. 4 - FIG. 10). Each fuel briquette with both end surfaces contacts adjacent briquettes, with the exception of extreme end briquettes, and composite rods (fuel

briquettes) come into contact mainly with one (see Fig. 7 and Fig. 8), two (see Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 9), three (see Fig. 10) side surfaces of adjacent composite rods, as well as four (see Fig.7), five (see Fig.8) or six (see Fig.10). Fuel briquettes ignite from the lower end of the masonry of the composite fuel rods. From the ignited fuel briquette, the ends of adjacent composite rods are ignited, and the front of flameless and smokeless combustion gradually moves in the vertical direction along the layer area from one end of the masonry of the composite fuel rods towards the other end. So, for example, 39 fuel briquettes with a diameter of 0.05 m and a height of 0.05 m burn up over a period of 9 hours 49 minutes to 14 hours 6 minutes, and a heating and cooking roaster for burning briquettes of catalytic combustion will emit a specific heat output of 1, 5 kWh. To obtain a specific power of 2 kW / h or 3 kW / h, fuel briquettes are laid in a dense vertical layer, comprising four or six composite fuel rods of 13 fuel briquettes in one composite rod. Burnt slag from ashpit 6 is removed and the above process can be repeated again. Fuel briquettes can be ignited simultaneously from two ends, then two combustion fronts will move towards each other. Moreover, in this case, the specific heat capacity will increase to 3.0 kW / h, and the duration of the combustion of 39 fuel briquettes will be reduced and will last from 5 hours 52 minutes to 8 hours 20 minutes. It is also possible to increase the thermal power obtained by burning fuel briquettes by increasing the number of composite fuel briquettes, for example, from 39 to 91 fuel briquettes. In this case, the specific heat output of 3.5 kW / h will be allocated, and the burning time of the briquettes will be at least 11 hours.

It should be noted that the ratio of the surface F of the composite cylindrical rods to the mass G of stacking briquettes of solid fuel is selected from the ratio

moreover

Where

f is the specific surface area of the radiation stacking solid fuel, m ² / kg;

ρ is the density of solid fuel, kg / m ³ ;

d is the diameter of the fuel briquette, m;

k ₁ - experimentally determined coefficient equal to 125, 1 / m;

k ₂ - experimentally determined coefficient equal to 16.6, 1 / m.

Thus, in a heating and cooking roaster with a vertical laying of solid fuel in a dense layer, the choice of the parameters of the composite cylindrical rods is made depending on the new criterion, namely, the specific surface of the radiation of the fuel load “f”, which links the basic characteristics of the composite rods, such as density and the diameter of the rods, taking into account experimentally determined coefficients.

The time between the periods of laying the briquettes of solid fuel in a glass of the inventive heating and cooking roaster is determined from the dependence:

τ = k · (n · m · L / V _{vol. fp} + n · (N · δ · -m · L) / V _rep. + R / V _depth ), where

L is the average linear size of the boundaries of the surface combustion front of the vertical masonry of fuel briquettes, mm;

δ — tablet thickness or cylinder length of fuel briquettes, mm;

R is the radius of the tablet or cylinder of fuel briquettes, mm;

N is the number of fuel briquettes in the composite rod, pcs .;

V _obr.fr. - the rate of formation of the surface combustion front of the vertical masonry of fuel briquettes, mm / min;

V _pov - the velocity of the front surface combustion of the masonry of fuel briquettes, mm / min;

V _depth - the rate of deep burning of fuel briquettes, mm / min;

k is a coefficient taking into account the features of the laying of fuel briquettes and the design features of the device for burning fuel briquettes (0.8≤k≤1.1);

n is a coefficient taking into account the number of ignited ends of the composite rods (n = 1 when igniting one end or n = 0.5 when igniting two ends);

m is a coefficient taking into account the characteristics of fuel briquettes (0.85≤m≤1.15).

The inventive heating and cooking device uses the property of fuel briquettes to burn without flame and smoke. The combustion (oxidation) of fuel briquettes of catalytic combustion according to this invention occurs with the formation of a moving front of surface combustion. The burning time of the above vertical masonry of fuel briquettes (see figure 4. - figure 10.) is determined by three components:

n · m · L / V _obr.fr - time of formation of the surface combustion front of the vertical masonry of fuel briquettes .;

n · (N · δ · -m · L) / V _rep. - travel time of the surface combustion front of the masonry of fuel briquettes;

R / V _deep - time of deep burning, i.e. combustion (oxidation) from the surface to the center of the fuel briquette.

The following was established experimentally for the vertical masonry of the above catalytic combustion fuel briquettes.

The rate of formation of the surface combustion front of the vertical masonry of fuel briquettes of catalytic combustion lies in the range:

2.0 mm / min≤V _vol. ≤3.0 mm / min.

The velocity of the surface combustion front of the masonry of fuel briquettes of catalytic combustion lies in the range:

0.9 mm / min≤V _dressings ≤1,1 mm / min.

The rate of deep burning of fuel briquettes of catalytic combustion lies in the range:

0.18 mm / min≤V _depth ≤0.22 mm / min.

The average linear size of the boundaries of the surface combustion front of the vertical masonry of fuel briquettes of catalytic combustion is 175 mm.

The use of the proposed heating and cooking roaster with vertical laying of solid fuel with a dense layer compared with

existing devices allows you to increase the period between fuel downloads up to 10 hours or more, which eliminates the constant presence of maintenance personnel, as well as reduce the weight and overall characteristics of the heating and cooking roaster and solid fuel, while reducing the amount of ash and providing exhaust gases in strict accordance with sanitary -hygienic standards.

Claims (8)

1. Heating and cooking roasting pan with vertical laying of solid fuel in a dense layer containing a grate, characterized in that the grate is provided with a side wall and is made in the form of a glass with the possibility of stacking fuel briquettes in it in the form of composite cylindrical rods parallel to the axis of the glass, in an amount of from 3 to 7 pieces, and the height of the glass H _article selected from 3d to 14d, where d is the diameter of the briquette of solid fuel, m, and the ratio of the height H _{article of the} glass to its inner diameter D _article is from 0.857 to 6.482, in addition, the glass is installed inside the prismatic or cylindrical protective case, and the wall with the bottom of the glass and the cylindrical wall of the protective case or at least one of the walls of the prismatic protective case are made of metal mesh with a mesh size of at least 0.002 m. 2. The heating and cooking roaster according to claim 1, characterized in that the area of the bottom of the glass S _{st is} selected from 3.66 d ² m ² to 9.62 d ² m ² . 3. The heating and cooking roaster according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the surface F of the composite cylindrical rods to the mass G of the solid fuel masonry is selected from the ratio

moreover

where f is the specific radiation surface of the masonry of solid fuel, m ² / kg; d is the diameter of the fuel briquette, m; k ₁ - experimentally determined coefficient equal to 125, 1 / m; k ₂ is an experimentally determined coefficient equal to 16.6, 1 / m. 4. The heating and cooking roaster according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel briquette is made in the form of a tablet (cylindrical checker) with a diameter d selected from 0.04 to 0.06 m, and the ratio of the height δ of the tablet to its diameter d is from 0.4 to 2.0. 5. The heating and cooking roaster according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective casing is provided with a perforated lid and an ash pan. 6. The heating and cooking roaster according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the inner diameter of the cylindrical wall of the protective housing D _cor to the inner diameter of the glass D _article is from 1.05 to 1.35. 7. The heating and cooking roaster according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the inscribed diameter of the prismatic wall of the protective housing D ' _core to the inner diameter of the glass D _article is from 1.05 to 1.35. 8. The heating and cooking roaster according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the height of the protective casing N _cor to the height of the glass H _st is from 1.10 to 1.30.