RU81720U1 - DESCRIPTION INSTALLATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The claimed desalination plant includes an evaporation chamber, a bubbler chamber, a condenser equipped with a distillate collector, a brine bath equipped with a sediment collector, a pump for supplying desalinated water through a deaerator to the brine bath, a feed pump for supplying concentrated brine from the brine bath to the evaporation chamber. The upper part of the evaporation chamber is connected through a filter-collector of dry particles to a mixer, which ensures the supply of superheated steam through the brine bath to the lower open end of the bubble chamber, located in a concentrated brine of the brine bath. At the upper end of the bubble chamber there is a separator for separating steam into two streams, a condenser is located along the first steam stream, a compressor, a steam superheater and a mixer are connected in series along the second steam stream. The desalination plant is additionally equipped with a heat pump that provides heat transfer from the condenser to the steam superheater.

Description

The claimed utility model relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to devices for desalting liquids by distillation, in particular to low-energy and environmentally friendly desalination plants, and can be used for desalination of sea, saline water and industrial effluents containing radioactive elements.

The problem of extracting dissolved impurities and salts from water can be solved by thermal distillation. An installation is proposed in which the transfer of heat to the evaporated water occurs by direct contact of the heat carrier (superheated water vapor) with desalinated water in the dispersed-dropping and bubbling modes.

Known desalination of sea water, containing a pump for the extraction of sea water, a block of chambers with condensers, dehumidifiers, mixers and heat exchangers, to which hot air and sea water are supplied by a compressor through a heater, and a water supply system with shut-off and non-return valves. See, for example, the description of the copyright certificate SU 1669468, published 08/15/91. Bull. 30. This desalination plant is difficult to manufacture, energy intensive, and requires significant operating costs.

The closest technical solution adopted for the prototype. It is a desalination plant, (see the desalination device according to the patent RU 2013315, published on 05/30/94. Bull. 10). The pump through the nozzles delivers desalinated water to the heater, where it is heated to the required temperature and enters through the nozzle into a cylindrical chamber, in which the effect of volume boiling occurs. The resulting steam enters the condenser, and the resulting distillate is collected in a separate chamber from which it can be supplied to the consumer. The brine is removed from the cylindrical chamber by a pump and can either merge or enter a secondary cycle. This method involves a difficult to manufacture installation, which will be energy-intensive and require significant operating costs.

Although compared to the analogue, this desalination plant is simpler and more economical to manufacture, its operation involves scheduled stops for preventive maintenance of the rotation mode. And productivity directly depends on the size of the installation. Moreover, an increase in the size of the installation leads to an increase in energy

costs, and ultimately increases the cost per unit volume of fresh water received.

The task to which the present utility model is directed is to obtain a distillate using a simpler and more reliable device. The technical result consists in reducing energy consumption per unit volume of the resulting product - fresh water; simplification of service; complete evaporation of dissolved salts and impurities; ensuring environmental cleanliness due to the absence of reverse discharges of solutions with increased salinity and temperature into the environment; reduction of thermal emissions of heat into the environment due to the use of heat pumps; lack of restrictions on the sizes and power of individual steps and the installation as a whole.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the claimed desalination plant includes an evaporation chamber, a bubble chamber, a condenser equipped with a distillate collector, a brine bath equipped with a sediment collector, a pump for supplying desalinated water through a deaerator to the brine bath, a feed pump for supplying concentrated brine from baths for brine in the evaporation chamber, the upper part of which is connected through a filter-trap of dry particles with a mixer, ensuring the entry of superheated steam through the bath I brine into the lower open end of the bubble chamber, located in the concentrated brine of the brine bath, in the upper end of the bubble chamber there is a separator for separating steam into two streams, a condenser is located along the first steam stream, a compressor and a superheater are connected in series along the second steam stream steam and mixer, additionally (installation) is equipped with a heat pump that provides heat transfer from the condenser to the steam superheater.

The evaporation chamber may be provided with a dispersant-sprayer and a steam generator.

The bubble chamber may be provided with a steam divider located at its lower end.

To ensure a technical result, a stream of superheated water vapor is introduced as a heat carrier directly into the evaporation and bubbling chamber, which causes boiling of the liquid. Water vapor gives off the heat of the phase transition in the condenser and turns into distillate, and the precipitate and impurities that turn into solid

state, delayed in the filter and sediment collector. The heat pump transfers low-grade heat from the condensation zone to the steam superheater.

Schematic desalination plant is presented in figure 1. The installation is arranged in 2 circuits and consists of the following main elements:

(first circuit):

1 - Evaporation chamber of the 1st circuit;

1.1 - Steam generator;

1.2 - Feed pump;

1.3 - Dispersant spray;

1.4 - Filter trap for dry particles;

(second circuit):

2 - Bubble chamber of the 2nd circuit;

2.1 - Steam divider;

2.2 - Separator;

2.3 - Steam compressor;

2.4 - Steam superheater;

2.5 - Mixer;

2.6 - Capacitor;

2.7 - “Warm box”;

2.8 - Heat pump;

2.9 - Deaerator;

2.10 - Feed pump;

2.11 - Filter intake of desalinated water;

2.12 - Brine bath with sediment collector.

In the 1st circuit, concentrated brine, which is fed by a feed pump (1.2) from the brine bath 2.12 of the 2nd circuit, and dispersant (1.3) is sprayed in the form of droplets in the evaporation chamber (1) in a stream of superheated steam or a flame of a hydrogen-oxygen burner coming from the steam generator (1.1). Water from the droplets evaporates, as a result the droplets finally dry out, the solid particles of salts and impurities formed as a result of the droplets drying are carried away by the steam stream, collected in the filter (1.4) and then disposed of. After the filter, dry steam enters the mixer (2.5).

The bubble chamber (2) of the 2nd circuit is a cylindrical container open from the bottom. Part of the steam flow is directed to the condenser (2.6) from the chamber (2) after the separator (2.2). The other part of the stream is compressed by the steam compressor (2.3), heated in the superheater (2.4) and enters the mixer (2.5). The stream of superheated steam from the mixer (2.5) through the divider (2.1) in the form of bubbles is introduced into the lower part of the bubble chamber directly into the volume of salt water of the bath having a boiling point. Excessive heat of steam leads to the evaporation of water.

In the process of evaporation, the concentration of salts in the solution increases, the solution becomes more dense, and conditions are created in it for the precipitation of salts. The concentrated solution is pumped by pump (1.2) to the 1st circuit, and the sediment is lowered into the lower part of the bubble chamber, then into the brine bath and enters the sediment collector (2.12).

In order to increase the efficiency, the heat that is discharged in the condenser (2.6) during steam condensation is transferred through the heat pump (2.8) to the steam superheater (2.4). Thus, the heat that was expended for the phase transition from liquid to steam is utilized in the vapor-liquid phase transition in the condenser and returns to the duty cycle again. In the process of desalination, distilled water is produced, which is collected in a “warm box” (2.7).

In the sediment collector and in the filter, precipitated and dried salts and other impurities are collected. The collection of sludge is not difficult, since the bubble and evaporation volumes are open at the bottom. Sludge collects naturally at the bottom of the plant. Concentrated saline solutions and other contaminants are not discharged into the environment, which is very important for ensuring environmental cleanliness of production.

Precipitation on the walls of the working vessels and pipelines does not significantly affect the operation of the installation as a whole, since heat transfer in the evaporation zones is carried out directly through the vapor-liquid interface. The absence of the need to transfer heat through a solid wall significantly reduces the level of requirements for the choice of structural materials, it is possible to use inexpensive structural metal alloys, concrete, ceramics, plastics, wood, etc.

The use of a heat pump for the extraction of low-grade heat in the condenser and the release of high-grade heat in the superheater can increase the efficiency of the installation.

Claims (3)

1. Desalination plant, including an evaporation chamber, a bubbler chamber, a condenser equipped with a distillate collector, a brine bath equipped with a sediment collector, a pump for supplying desalinated water through a deaerator to a brine bath, a feed pump for supplying concentrated brine from the brine bath to the evaporative a chamber, the upper part of which is connected through a filter-trap of dry particles with a mixer that ensures the entry of superheated steam through the brine bath into the lower open end of the bubble chamber ry located in the concentrated brine of the brine bath, in the upper end of the bubble chamber there is a separator for separating steam into two streams, a condenser is located along the first steam stream, a compressor, a steam superheater and a mixer are connected in series along the second steam stream, the desalination plant is additionally equipped with a heat pump that provides heat transfer from the condenser to the steam superheater. 2. Desalination plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaporation chamber is equipped with a dispersant-sprayer and a steam generator. 3. Desalination plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the bubble chamber is equipped with a steam divider located in the lower end of the bubble chamber.