RU81532U1 - COMBINED ENGINE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention for a utility model relates to mechanical engineering, namely to engine building and can be used to more fully use the energy of fuel burned in a reciprocating internal combustion engine. The proposed combined engine contains: a piston internal combustion engine 1 with an exhaust manifold 2 and a double-acting free-piston thermoelectric generator for utilizing the heat of exhaust gases 3. A double-acting pneumatic double-acting thermoelectric generator 3 contains: a cylinder 4, the upper and lower parts of which are surrounded by cavities 5 and 6 filled with heat-accumulating material, and cavities 7 and 8 for the passage of exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine. The caps of the cylinder 4 are equipped with an exhaust valve 9 and 10 and pneumatic nozzles 11 and 12 with electromagnetic valves 13 and 14. The nozzles 11 and 12 of the intake manifolds 15 and 16 are connected to the receiver 17. A piston-armature 18 is placed inside the cylinder 3. On the middle part of the outer side cylinder 4 is an electrical winding 19 for generating electrical energy. The generated electrical energy through the connecting panel 20 is supplied to the power of consumers and the compressor 21 having an electric drive. The compressor 21 is connected by a discharge line 22 to the receiver 17. 1 pp f-ly, 1 ill.

Description

The invention for a utility model relates to mechanical engineering, namely to engine building and can be used to more fully use the energy of fuel burned in piston ICEs.

Combined engines are known, consisting of a piston internal combustion engine and an engine with an external supply of heat for utilizing the heat of exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine.

Known combination engine. (Utility Model Patent RU No. 31611 U1 7 F02G 5/02, publ. 08.20.03) containing a reciprocating internal combustion engine and a reciprocating steam utilization engine with internal steam generation. In such a recovery engine, the hot exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine enter the cylinder. Then the gases are compressed, their temperature rises significantly. When the piston approaches the top dead center, water is injected into the cylinder through the nozzle. Intensive vaporization occurs. The steam overheats and expands, producing work. The generated additional mechanical energy is transmitted via a gearbox and a fluid coupling to the ICE crankshaft.

The disadvantages of this design are:

1. The complexity of the energy transfer system generated by the recovery engine to the engine crankshaft.

2. Large overall dimensions of the utilization engine, the system for transferring energy generated by the utilization engine to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, and hence the combined engine as a whole.

3. Relatively low efficiency, due to significant losses due to mechanical friction in the crank mechanism of utilization

engine and in the transmission system of energy generated by the recovery engine to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine.

A combined engine is also known (Utility Model Patent RU No. 35844 U1 7 F02G 5/02 publ. 02/10/04), comprising: a piston internal combustion engine with an exhaust manifold, a thermal battery and a thermoelectric generator for utilizing the heat of the exhaust internal combustion engine. The thermoelectric generator contains: a free-piston steam engine operating on a two-stroke cycle and containing a cylinder, with inlet and outlet windows providing a periodic change of the working fluid. An anchor piston and a nozzle are placed in the cylinder, through which water is injected from the tank into the cylinder. Under the armature piston there is a buffer cavity filled with air. On the top of the cylinder is an electrical winding for generating electrical energy.

The disadvantages of this combined engine are:

- high water consumption necessary for the production of work as a result of its evaporation, exceeding the mechanical loss in the engine, which requires the organization of a closed loop of water circulation;

- significant energy costs for the organization of water circulation and the creation of high pressure for its effective atomization in the cylinder;

- serious problems associated with the need to create a water purification system in a closed loop of its circulation.

This design of the combined engine is the closest to the proposed technical essence and adopted as a prototype.

The objective of the proposal is to exclude water as a working fluid and, as a consequence, to exclude:

- energy costs for the organization of water circulation and the creation of high pressure for its effective atomization in the cylinder;

- problems associated with the need to create a water purification system in a closed loop of its circulation.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in a combined engine containing a reciprocating internal combustion engine and a dual-piston dual-action thermoelectric generator for utilizing the heat of exhaust gases, which includes: a cylinder closed with caps on the top and bottom, in which the armature piston moves, each cap contains a pneumatic nozzle that provides an inlet compressed air alternately in the supra-piston, then in the sub-piston cavity. Each cover has one exhaust valve, which ensures the release of the working fluid. On the outer part of the cylinder there are cavities for heat-accumulating material and the exhaust gas passage of the piston ICE, as well as an electric winding for generating electrical energy.

An analysis of the proposed solution and the known ones allows us to conclude that it meets the patentability conditions of the utility model.

The proposal is illustrated in the figure (figure 1), which shows the basic structure of the combined engine.

The proposed combined engine contains: a piston internal combustion engine 1 with an exhaust manifold 2 and a double-acting free-piston thermoelectric generator for utilizing the heat of exhaust gases 3. A double-acting pneumatic double-acting thermoelectric generator 3 contains: a cylinder 4, the upper and lower parts of which are surrounded by cavities 5 and 6, filled with heat-accumulating material, and cavities 7 and 8 for the passage of exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine. The caps of the cylinder 4 are equipped with an exhaust valve 9 and 10 and pneumatic nozzles 11 and 12 with electromagnetic valves 13 and 14. The nozzles 11 and 12 of the intake manifolds 15 and 16 are connected to the receiver 17. A piston-armature 18 is placed inside the cylinder 3. On the middle part of the outer side cylinder 4 is located electric

winding 19 for generating electrical energy. The generated electrical energy through the connecting panel 20 is supplied to the power of consumers and the compressor 21 having an electric drive. The compressor 21 is connected to the discharge line 22 with the receiver 17.

The proposed combined engine operates as follows.

When the piston-armature 18 of the free-piston thermoelectric generator 3 is in its highest position, air is supplied under pressure through the nozzle 11 from the receiver 17 through the intake manifold 15 to the over-piston cavity of the cylinder 4. Here, it expands under conditions of heating from the walls of the cylinder 4 (which is heated by heat-accumulating material located in the cavity 5 and receiving heat from the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine passing through the cavity 7) and does the work of moving the piston-armature 18 down. At this moment, the beginning of the movement of the piston-armature 18 down, the exhaust valve 10 opens and air is released from the sub-piston space. When the piston-armature 18 reaches its highest position, the valve 10 closes

After the piston-armature 18 reaches its lowest position, pressure is supplied to the piston cavity of the cylinder 4 through the nozzle 12 from the receiver 17 through the intake manifold 16. Here, it expands under conditions of heating from the walls of the cylinder 4 (which is heated by heat-accumulating material located in the cavity 6 and receiving heat from the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine passing through the cavity 8) and does the work of moving the piston-armature 18 up.

At this moment, the exhaust valve 9 opens and air is released from the over-piston space. When the piston-armature 18 reaches its highest position, valve 9 closes and the duty cycle repeats.

In the process of performing the described duty cycle in the cylinder 4, the piston-armature 18 moves inside the winding 19 and excites an emf in it, acting on the principle of a linear generator. The generated electrical energy through the connecting panel 20 is supplied to consumers and a compressor 21 having an electric drive from an electric motor.

The generated electricity can be used to drive ICE 1 units (a cooling fan, a liquid pump and a lubrication pump, etc.), eliminating the cost of driving a standard generator available on ICE 1. All this allows you to unload ICE 1 from energy costs on the drive units and, thereby, increase the power removed from the crankshaft of the engine 1 by 15-20%.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed combined engine due to the lack of a water supply system for the engine that utilizes the heat of exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine excludes:

- high water consumption necessary for the production of work as a result of its evaporation, exceeding the mechanical loss in the engine, which requires the organization of a closed loop of water circulation;

- significant energy costs for the organization of water circulation and the creation of high pressure for its effective atomization in the cylinder;

- serious problems associated with the need to create a water purification system in a closed loop of its circulation.

Claims (1)

A combined engine containing a reciprocating internal combustion engine with an exhaust manifold and a free-piston thermoelectric generator for utilizing the heat of exhaust gases with an armature piston and nozzles placed in its cylinder and an electric winding on it, characterized in that on the outside of the cylinder there is a free-piston thermoelectric generator in its upper and lower parts are cavities filled with heat-accumulating material, and cavities for the passage of exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine; exhaust valves, pneumatic nozzles with electromagnetic valves are located in the upper and lower covers of the cylinder, and the nozzles are connected to the receiver by the intake manifolds, while the free-piston thermoelectric generator is equipped with discharge manifolds, a connecting panel and a compressor that is connected by the injection manifold to the receiver.