RU63829U1 - MULTI-FUNCTIONAL CONSTRUCTION OBJECT, INCLUDING THE OCEANARIUM AND GROUP OF OBJECTS OF COMMERCIAL AND ENTERTAINMENT PURPOSE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of construction, namely to multifunctional construction facilities - buildings that combine premises for temporary stay of people - office, retail, cultural and entertainment facilities - cinemas, restaurants, clubs and other premises, for example, underground parking lots, as well as an aquarium - an engineering and biological complex for the maintenance of marine and / or river flora and fauna, including special tanks - tanks, as well as rooms with special temperature and humidity parameters mi A multifunctional construction object is made in the form of a building with a multilevel arrangement of floors, preferably contains at least three ground floors, a basement or a basement floor and includes a foundation that makes up the volumetric-layout diagram of the construction object, which form the supporting frame, as well as the enclosing structures, covering, not less than one staircase and / or staircase-elevator unit, engineering systems, communications, which together form at least two enlarged blocks, one of which contains a function economically and structurally grouped commercial and entertainment facilities, associated technical and service facilities, as well as at least one underground parking lot located below them, which contains at least one shopping gallery made in the form of an atrium, paired with constructive nodes - namely, the main entrance to the building and the system of exits to the ground and basement or basement floors, and communicated with another block, while the shopping gallery is made mainly with

vaulted overhanging other areas of the building’s cover, and at least part of the area of the lowered building’s coverage is structurally designed to accommodate, mainly, an open parking lot and is equipped with an elevator lift and / or serpentine ramp for lifting, entering and leaving cars , and at least another enlarged block includes a volume engineering-biological complex - an aquarium, made at least in part of the area in plan and, preferably, not less than t Rech level along the height of the building and includes connected to life support and maintenance systems equipped for biocenoses of compatible inhabitants, mainly including hydrobionts, different-sized demonstration tanks, the largest of which is the main tank equipped with at least one observation tunnel with wall fencing, floor and translucent coating , as well as at least one freestanding tank, functionally made for the biocenosis of waterfowl mainly, such as penguins. The technical result achieved by this technical solution is to increase the efficiency of operation of a multifunctional construction object achieved by combining a spectacular volume engineering and biological object - an aquarium with a multidisciplinary object for shopping and entertainment and the found combination of the structural design of the construction object as a whole, volume-structural solutions of compositions from groups of tanks on the principle of uniformity and mutually information enrichment of ex positions forming voluminous and almost circular panoramic systems with a demonstration of the underwater world and inhabited by exotic aquatic organisms - inhabitants of the seas, oceans and fresh water bodies of various latitudes and local water-climate zones of the globe with a two-stage life-support system, the first of which is optimal and at the lowest cost due to centralization and the association of filter systems provides comprehensive water treatment for all tanks, including mechanical, chemical and osmotic cleaning, as well as integrated into a centralized water disinfection system with ultraviolet and ozone and at the same time allowing the most economical way to vary the creation of a whole range of biotopes localized in individual tanks and their groups with the possibility of creating the most comfortable for a very wide range of diverse

hydrobionts, and at the same time, the association of the aquarium as an interesting, demonstrative and spectacular engineering and biological object made in a utility model capable of independently providing cost-effective and high-performance operation of a multifunctional construction object with a large shopping and entertainment center provides another economically important function of primarily attracting visitors, which ultimately account increases the turnover of goods sold in the trading sector of the building, and visitors, puzzled by the purchase retention of goods, other shopping malls prefer to visit this complex, because with greater time savings, they can also visit the demonstration displays of the aquarium, which increases and mutually enriches the economic performance of the construction project as a whole and accelerates the return on invested capital for its creation. 1 n.p., 15 w.p. f-ly, 21 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to construction, namely to multifunctional construction objects - buildings that combine premises for temporary stay of people - office, retail, cultural and entertainment facilities - cinemas, restaurants, clubs and other premises, for example, underground parking lots, and also an aquarium - an engineering and biological complex for the maintenance of marine and / or river flora and fauna, which includes special tanks - tanks, as well as rooms with special temperature and humidity parameters.

The following technical solutions are known from the prior art.

There is a well-known water park that includes functional complexes, namely, a complex of water entertainments, a complex for relaxing relaxation, a sports complex, a complex of children's games and recreation, a health complex, a cultural and educational complex, a complex of support services, a complex of basic services and a management system for functional complexes, to which signals are received from all the above-mentioned functional complexes (RU 17142U1, A63G 31/00, 03.20.2001).

A well-known complex for recreation and entertainment, comprising an indoor water park, equipped with areas for entertainment and recreation, located around the water park, while some of the zones are located in the protruding parts of the premises, and part of the zones, at least between the protruding parts of the premises, the complex has a cinema with one or more halls, a bowling alley, a bar, a restaurant, a gym, an indoor ice rink, a rollerdrome,

rides, arcade, pool, sauna, etc. (RU 2282477 C2, Е04Н 3/00, 07.27.2006).

There is a well-known attraction containing a rotating greenhouse, a central bar adjacent to the bar and having a fixed ring area, a restaurant adjacent to the fixed ring area of the restaurant, a rotating ring of the greenhouse with lamps and glazed side walls. In one of the sectors of the rotating ring there is a free dance zone (RU 2183490 C2, A63G 31/00, 06/20/2002).

A known oceanarium elevator containing a container, which is equipped with a transparent passage located inside the tank and equipped with devices and devices to ensure the comfort of finding people inside the passage. The tank is divided into sections, each of which is equipped with a water outlet, and is located vertically, while the passage is made vertically and is located inside the tank and is equipped with guides for the elevator drive cabin, made with transparent walls and a sealed door (RU 2279300 C1, A63G 31/00, 10.07 .2006).

A well-known educational and educational complex, which includes a system of containers equipped with transparent passages located inside the tanks and equipped with instruments and devices to ensure the comfort of finding people inside the aisles. The containers themselves are divided into sections and are located at different levels, some of them are located horizontally, the other part is inclined, and the third part is located vertically. At the same time, the vertical, inclined, and part of the horizontal passages are equipped with guides for elevator drive cabins. Some sections of the tanks are made in the form of aquariums and equipped with outlets, and some in the form of an arboretum (RU 2279301 C1, A63G 31/00, 10.07.2006).

A well-known sports complex containing swimming pools, as well as various service rooms and a recreation area (DE 2358920 A1, ЕНН 3/16, 06/05/1975).

A building is known that contains a swimming pool, as well as an aquarium with marine fauna, systems for cleaning and preparing water for the aquarium, as well as relaxation areas for visitors, the walls of the aquarium being transparent (DE 2910999 A1, Е04Н 3/16, 09/25/1980).

Known water tank, made with the possibility of installing it inside the building and filled with an aqueous medium in its parameters close to the sea. An extended transparent tunnel is placed inside the tank, in which it is possible to equip, for example, a restaurant (JP 8312174, A01K 63/00, 11/26/1996).

None of the listed sources of information contains the prevailing complex of commercial premises, in addition, the indicated sources do not disclose or lack a connection between the volume-constructive solution of the construction project and the inclusion of a volume engineering-biological complex - an aquarium with a system of water-filled tanks with sea or fresh water.

The task to which this technical solution is directed is to create and combine in one building object, with a single foundation and common building envelopes, office, retail, as well as entertaining and educational sectors with sectors in which various representatives of fauna and flora are contained and exist .

The problem is solved due to the fact that the multifunctional construction object, according to the utility model, is made in the form of a building with a multi-level arrangement of floors, preferably contains at least three ground floors, a basement or basement and includes a foundation constituting the volumetric layout of the construction object supporting and enclosing structures forming the frame, as well as covering, at least one staircase and / or staircase elevator unit, engineering systems, communications forming together there are at least two enlarged blocks, one of which contains functionally and structurally grouped retail and entertainment facilities, associated technical and service rooms, as well as at least one underground car park located below them, and contains, at least one atrium-made shopping gallery paired with structural units - namely, the main entrance to the building and the transition system to the ground and basement or basement floors, and communicated another unit, wherein the shopping mall is formed, advantageously coated with a vaulted, protruding over other portions of the building covering, and at least a portion of the reduced portion building area is formed with the coating constructively

the possibility of placing on it, mainly, an open parking lot and is equipped with an elevator lift and / or serpentine ramp for lifting, entering and leaving cars, and at least another enlarged unit includes a volume engineering-biological complex - an aquarium, made at least in part of the area in plan and, preferably, at least three levels in height of the building and includes connected to life support and maintenance systems equipped for biocenoses of compatible inhabitants, mainly in including hydrobionts, multi-sized demonstration tanks, the largest of which is the main tank, equipped with at least one observation tunnel with wall fencing, floor and translucent coating, as well as at least one freestanding tank, functionally designed for the biocenosis of waterfowl mainly penguins.

In this case, the block containing the aquarium, preferably, can be separated from the block containing the premises for shopping and entertainment, by at least one made at least in the foundation of the temperature-expansion joint, the foundation is rigidly connected to the reinforced type of beam-wall supporting and enclosing structures of the basement or basement with the formation of a spatial foundation system, stair and stair-elevator nodes are located mainly in the perimeter zone of the building with the formation of each stiffener nucleus node, and at least within a part of the area of bearing of the aquarium, the foundation includes a bearing foundation plate made with variable stiffness and moment of inertia with respect to at least two mutually displaced parallel conditional vertical planes, with at least a part of the framework load-bearing structures, at least within the basement or basement floor includes columns forming the frame, girders and half-timbered structures, and the frame, at least within the basement the ground or basement floor contains at least one column of reinforced concrete, the upper part of which on the ground floors of the building is made mainly of load-bearing metal profiles, while the overall spatial rigidity and stability of the frame is ensured mainly due to the rigid conjugation of the frame elements, at least least, in terms of nodes, and nodes supporting the metal part of the columns on

their lower reinforced concrete parts are made by means of joints in the form of hinges that are boundedly rotary in the plane of the frame of the frame.

A multifunctional construction object can be made of different floors or, at least partially with different levels of arrangement of part of the main or built-in floors and in the area of the temperature-expansion joint separating the blocks, at least part of the columns is equipped with at least two asymmetrically located supporting platforms for bearing crossbars of different levels of overlap.

Part of the area and volume of retail and entertainment facilities can be designed with the possibility of placing in them, mainly, a multiplex cinema.

In the block containing the aquarium, indoor trading pavilions and commercial premises can be equipped with expositions and the possibility of selling mainly souvenir products that are thematically corresponding to the profile and purpose of the aquarium.

Different-sized demonstration tanks can be made with a bottom and vertical wall fences, including those containing at least one opening with translucent filling, while some of the tanks are made in the form of open airtight baths with a side height of preferably 0.8-1, 1 m and are designed to fill the appropriate habitat inhabited in the tank by the habitat, and at least the bottom and at least part of the vertical wall fences of the demonstration tanks are structurally and functionally tionally combined or combined with fencing and / or load-bearing structures of the building.

The main tank and a group of different-sized demonstration tanks located in the basement or basement of the building in the block in which the aquarium is located can form an overview exhibition dedicated to sea and ocean hydrobionts, while the main tank is supported mainly directly on the base plate of the building, and the observation the main tank tunnel is made, for example, in a U-shaped or loop-shaped configuration in plan and with the entry and exit of it in one or two wall enclosures of the tank, while visual coverage of the viewing tunnel

the main tank is made in the form of a vaulted shell, for example, in the form of an extended arch and with a longitudinal axis, broken or curved in the area of rotation or bending of the viewing tunnel, and includes mounting vaulted elements, preferably of single curvature and tapered in at least , in the bending zone, while the docking plane of the two adjacent adjacent vaulted elements is aligned with the bisector of the angle formed by two adjacent sections of the longitudinal axis, made in a broken line in the area of rotation or bending of the survey tons spruce, or formed by two tangents to the axis points equidistant from the intersection of the curved section of the longitudinal axis and the specified docking plane when the latter is in the turning or bending zone with the curved section, in addition, the tunnel is equipped with at least a part of the passage section of the floor with a transport mechanism in form, mainly, of an endless treadmill, structurally made with the possibility of repeating turns or bends of the observation tunnel of the main tank, while the main tank is made about with a volume of 750-1200 m ³ , preferably 900 m ³ and is intended to fill the marine habitat for large free-floating representatives of marine and ocean hydrobionts.

The main tank and a group of different-sized tanks can make up an overview exposition and can be arranged with the formation of at least two panoramic panoramic architectural and structural compositions, united by a central viewing platform located between them, with vertical wall fences of demonstration tanks united by their viewing platform, at least at least, in one of the panoramic panorama compositions, mainly curved and / or combined configurations are made in plan and provided with mutually completing each other curvilinearly concave into the tanks sections and / or made within, for example, one enclosure of a convex-concave configuration with a transition from concavity to the tank volume to convexity towards the viewing platform, together reinforcing the effect of volumetric perception of the underwater world’s environment enclosed in tanks, and another panoramic panoramic composition, also united by its viewing platform, is equipped with at least one columnar, autonomously located on the viewing platform, eimuschestvenno, circular cylindrical or cylindrical-conical, or tapered frustoconical tank group and

framing the observation deck of the demonstration tanks, at least one of which is made predominantly angular and has, mainly, cylindrically bent into the tank volume, containing an opening with translucent filling, a wall enclosure, and the remaining tanks included in this panoramic panoramic composition are spaced along its perimeter and are made mainly with flat wall fences containing openings with translucent filling, and at least part of the demonstration tanks of both panoramic Zorn compositions formed adjacent and contain at least one common two fences tank, separating and aquatic habitat respective tanks.

A group consisting of no less than three tanks for marine hydrobionts, included in one of the panoramic overview compositions, is architecturally and structurally made in the form of a common composite unit having a panorama-curved carrier conjugated to each other in the form of a single combined into the tank volume and / or the enclosing structure formed by the wall enclosures of tanks equipped with openings with translucent filling located at the corners of the center of curvature, and the internal habitats that separate them Citizens are made panoramic in common for every two adjacent tanks adjacent to each other, moreover, the tanks are mounted on a common base, preferably on a foundation plate, and are designed for biologically close and complementary aquatic animals, so one of these tanks has a quasi-trapezoidal configuration in plan and made in volume 3-8 m ³ , preferably 5 m ³ , and the adjoining tank is made with an angular volume of 10-15 m ³ , preferably 12 m ³ , the third tank closing this composition group is made with structurally the inclusion of a rocky shore with a volume of 12-20 m ³ , preferably 15 m ³ .

Opposite the above group of tanks, the demonstration tank thematically can be made in the form of a rocky reservoir with a volume of 20-33 m ³ , preferably 25 m ³ , with the tank wall facing the observation deck containing an opening with translucent filling, made mainly of translucent plastics, for example, acrylic glass, can have a curved-broken configuration in plan with a transition, mainly through a kink of the section facing

concavity in the tank volume to the area facing the convex side of the panoramic panorama composition, and the transition section of the fence, combining sections of equal curvature, is made with the possibility of reinforcing the fence, for example, by intermediate resting on the vertical supporting structure built into the tank volume, preferably in a concrete or reinforced concrete column, the material and configuration of which complement the compositional solution of the tank as a rocky reservoir.

A demonstration tank that closes one of the aforementioned panoramic panorama tank compositions can be placed on the transition between the viewing platform of the panoramic panorama composition and the main tank, while the tank wall is translucent in general convex in plan, combined shape consisting of alternating alternating each other rectilinear and curved sections of at least one convex to the viewing platform, while located between one extreme and intermediate straight in curved sections, the curved section faces the center of the viewing platform of the panoramic overview composition, and the other, located between the end and intermediate straight sections in the plan, the curved section is convex, mainly towards the main tank, and the tank is also made in volume 20-33 m ³ , preferably 25 m ³ and mounted on a concrete base, preferably on the foundation plate of the building.

On the observation deck between the main tank and the aforementioned group of demonstration tanks can be installed two additional column-shaped tanks, each 0.3-1 m ³ , preferably 0.6 m ³ , placed on an area commensurate with 0.5 m ² , mainly in the form of a pipe, for example, of acrylic glass, and are intended for autonomous placement of marine aquatic organisms.

In another panoramic overview composition, a column-shaped tank mounted on a concrete base with a volume of 2-8 m ³ , preferably 5 m ³ , in the form of a translucent cylindrical pipe, for example, made of acrylic glass, and opposite to the right and left of the indicated tank can be placed at the entrance the sides of the observation deck are two of the same type, mainly rectangular in terms of demonstration tanks with a volume of 2.5-10 m ³ ,

preferably one tank with a volume of 5 m ³ and another 7.5 m ³ , and between these tanks around the perimeter of the panoramic panorama composition there are structurally-united corner demonstration tank with a curved curved translucent fence and attached to it, having a common fence for two tanks demonstration tank rectangular configuration fencing wall with an opening which is formed with translucent filling, for example, made of acrylic glass, the first of said tank is made volume of 10-20 m ^3, redpochtitelno 15 m ^3, and the second demonstration tank volume, preferably ³ to 5 m, in addition to the transition region between said panoramically-Review composition and the main tank are arranged, preferably at least two independently established columnar tank with a preferred volume of 0,5- 0.6 m ³ , and in the specified panoramic overview composition is additionally installed a demonstration tank of rectangular shape in plan with a volume of 7-13 m ³ , preferably 10 m ³ , having at least two, preferably opposed wall fences, made translucent.

In all demonstration demonstration tanks, the habitat temperature can be taken 24-26 ° C, while all demonstration tanks are installed on a concrete base, preferably on the foundation plate of the building.

A freestanding tank for the biocenosis of waterfowl, mainly such as penguins, can be made to combine habitats - water, coastal and air, and includes a bottom, vertically and / or obliquely and horizontally oriented supporting and / or enclosing structures, including at least than one with an aperture with translucent filling and no less than one non-translucent fencing with a variable, mainly stiffness and load-bearing capacity that changes stepwise, and the tank is mounted in a block containing an aquarium on one of the ground floors of the building, while the supporting and / or enclosing structures of the tank are at least partially structurally and functionally combined with the corresponding supporting and / or enclosing structures of the building, with an abrupt change in stiffness and bearing capacity vertically and / or obliquely oriented fences are made in the zone of closure of the aquatic, coastal and air habitats and along

the height is located at a level exceeding the upper mark of the aquatic environment, while the set of underlying sections of non-translucent and at least partially translucent fences, mainly vertically oriented, as well as the floor or foundation of the building, are hermetically connected and / or at least partially combined with the bottom of the tank, form a water-filled bath and combine the function of the supporting and / or enclosing structures of the tank and the building, while sections above the bath are vertically about oriented and / or inclined fences, separating the internal air environment of the tank, which is homogeneous by mechanical influences for exposition inhabitants and the external environment of visitors, are made mainly in the form of self-supporting partitions or walls, including lightweight ones, structurally, at least partially common to the tank and the building, as well as at least one fence containing openings with translucent filling, having at least one section that increases the volumetric visual connection medium coupled to adjacent sections of a curved or broken section connecting a curved or rectilinear sections or a combination thereof, while the penguinarium tank is made in a volume of 80-100 m ³ , preferably 90 m ^3, to fill the marine aquatic environment with a temperature of preferably 14 ° С for a penguin population living in middle or subtropical latitudes, or a temperature of 0-10 ° С - for Antarctic penguin populations.

The life support system of demonstration tanks may include a water treatment system, a sewer system, process tanks, at least one, mainly, an annular pipeline for sea water and at least one, mainly, an annular pipeline for fresh water for supplying and filling the living environment with prepared water from a water treatment system, a sewer system for the removal of liquid wastewater from waste, waste and replaceable water, and technological tanks that respond to demonstration tanks, while building tanks are connected to energy supply systems for thermostatic control of water and lighting, mainly the living environment, as well as communicated with the sewer system, and the response technological tanks contain mechanical and chemical cleaning filters, including protein skimmers, sensors and control and measurement

equipment for measuring the temperature of the aquatic environment, as well as at least for measuring the redox potential and pH of the aquatic environment.

The technical result achieved by the given set of features is to increase the efficiency of operation of a multifunctional construction object achieved by combining a spectacular volume engineering-biological object - an aquarium with a multidisciplinary object for shopping and entertainment and the found combination of the structural design of the construction object as a whole, volume-structural solutions of the compositions from groups of tanks on the principle of the same type and mutually informational enriched I have expositions that form voluminous and almost circular panoramic systems with a demonstration of the underwater world and inhabited by exotic aquatic organisms - inhabitants of the seas, oceans and fresh water bodies of various latitudes and local water-climate zones of the globe, with a two-stage life-support system, the first of which is optimal and at the lowest cost centralization and integration of filter units provides comprehensive water treatment for all tanks, including mechanical, chemical and osmosis ical treatment, as well as combined in a centralized system of water disinfection with ultraviolet light and ozone, and at the same time allowing the most economical way to vary the creation of a whole range of habitats, localized on individual tanks and groups with the ability to create the most comfortable for a wide range of a variety of aquatic organisms. At the same time, the association of the oceanarium made in a utility model as an interesting, demonstration-spectacular engineering and biological facility capable of independently providing cost-effective and high operation of a multifunctional construction facility with a large shopping and entertainment center provides another economically important function - attracting visitors, which ultimately increases turnover goods sold in the building's trading sector, and visitors, puzzled by the acquisition of goods, other shopping complexes prefer a visit to this complex, because with greater time savings, they can simultaneously attend the demonstration displays of the aquarium, which increases and mutually enriches

the economic performance of the construction project as a whole and accelerates the return of invested capital on its creation.

The solution of this problem primarily requires ensuring a safe and comfortable stay in this complex of people and animals, i.e. ensuring the necessary strength and insulation of structures, as well as the availability of utilities and equipment to provide the necessary microclimate, different for different rooms and sectors of a multifunctional building.

It is also necessary to ensure the biological safety of people - visitors and maintenance personnel, and animals kept in the building, which is achieved by the presence of special isolated rooms - quarantine zones, disinfection chambers, waste disposal complexes, etc.

Combining the listed premises and complexes in one multifunctional construction facility - the building is a complex multi-level task, some aspects of the solution of which are disclosed by the present technical solution.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 shows a floor plan of a building with staircase and staircase elevator nodes;

figure 2 is a building plan indicating the location of the main tank and the penguinarium tank;

figure 3 is a fragment of the foundation system of the building;

figure 4 - the combination of the walls of the basement or basement with the foundation system of the building;

figure 5 is a section aa in figure 2 with a system of different-sized demonstration tanks;

Fig.6 is a section bB in Fig.1, including a complex of premises for shopping and entertainment, passage and an aquarium

in Fig.7 - section bb in Fig.1 for the main tank of the aquarium with a viewing tunnel;

on Fig is a fragment of the plan with a system of tanks and the main tank with a viewing tunnel;

figure 9 is the main tank with a viewing tunnel, top view;

figure 10 is a fragment of a survey tunnel of the main tank in the turning or bending zone;

figure 11 is a section along G-G in figure 9;

in Fig.12 is a section along DD in Fig.9;

on Fig is a plan of the first panoramic panoramic composition, top view;

on Fig is a plan of a second panoramic panoramic composition, top view;

on Fig is a fragment of a building plan with the main tank and the penguinarium tank;

in Fig.16 is an enlarged fragment of the plan of the penguinarium tank;

on Fig - section EE in Fig.16;

on Fig - section FJ in Fig.16;

on Fig - section II in Fig;

in Fig.20 is a view of L in Fig.5;

on Fig - view K in Fig.7.

A multifunctional construction object is made in the form of a building 1 with a multilevel arrangement of floors 2, contains at least three ground floors 3, a basement or a basement floor 4 and includes a foundation 5 that make up the volume-layout diagram of the construction object, forming the frame 6 of the supporting and enclosing structures, respectively 7 and 8, as well as covering 9, at least one staircase and / or staircase elevator assembly, respectively 10 and 11, engineering systems, communications, which together form at least two enlarged units 12 and 13. The first enlarged block 12 contains functionally and structurally grouped premises 14 for shopping and entertainment purposes, associated technical and service rooms 15, as well as at least one underground parking lot 16 located below them, mainly, and contains one made in the form of an atrium trading gallery 17, coupled with structural units - namely, the main entrance 18 to building 1 and the transition system 19 to the ground and basement or basement floors, respectively 3 and 4, and communicated with the second block m 13. Shopping gallery 17 is made with vaulted coating 20, protruding above other sections 21 of the covering 9 of building 1.

At least part of the area of the lowered coating section 9 of building 1 is structurally designed to accommodate, mainly, an open parking lot (not shown in the drawings) and is equipped with an elevator elevator and / or serpentine ramp (not shown in the drawings) for lifting, entering and departure of cars. The second enlarged unit 13 includes a volume engineering-biological complex - an aquarium, made at least

in part of the area in plan and, preferably, at least three levels in height of building 1 and includes connected to biocenosis systems equipped with biocenoses of compatible inhabitants, mainly hydrobionts, different-sized demonstration tanks 22. The largest of the demonstration tanks is the main tank 23, which is equipped with a viewing tunnel 24 with wall fencing 25, floor 26 and translucent coating 27.

Also, in block 13 containing the aquarium, there is one freestanding tank 28, functionally designed for the biocenosis of waterfowl, mainly penguins, including a bottom 29, vertically and / or obliquely and horizontally oriented supporting and / or enclosing structures 30, including at least than one fence 31 with an opening 32 with translucent filling and no less than one non-translucent 33 fence with a variable stiffness and load-bearing ability that changes stepwise in height.

Block 13, containing the aquarium, is separated from block 12, containing the premises for commercial and entertainment purposes, by at least one temperature-expansion joint 34 made at least in the foundation 5. The foundation 5 is rigidly connected to the walls reinforced by the type of beam-wall 35 basement or basement floor 4 with the formation of a spatial foundation system. The staircase and staircase-elevator nodes, respectively 10 and 11, are located mainly in the perimeter zone of building 1 with each node forming stiffeners 36. At least within the limits of the area of abutment of the aquarium, the foundation 5 includes a supporting foundation plate 37 made with variable stiffness and the moment of inertia with respect to at least two mutually displaced parallel conditional vertical planes (not shown in the drawings). At least a portion of the supporting structures forming the frame 6, at least within the basement or basement floor 4, includes frames 38, columns 39, beams 40 and half-timbered structures 41. Frame 6, at least within the basement or basement 4 contains at least one column 39 of reinforced concrete, the upper part of which in the ground floors 3 of building 1 is made mainly of supporting metal profiles. The overall spatial rigidity and stability of the frame 6 is provided, mainly

due to the rigid conjugation of the frame elements, at least in part, the nodes supporting the metal part of the columns on their lower reinforced concrete parts are made by joints in the form of hinges (not shown in the drawings), limited-rotation in the plane of the frame of the frame.

Building 1 is made of multi-storey or at least partially different levels of part of the main or built-in floors 2 and in the area of the temperature-expansion joint 34 separating blocks 12 and 13, at least part of the columns is equipped with at least two asymmetrically located supporting platforms (not shown in the drawings) for supporting the crossbars 40 of different levels of overlap.

Part of the area and volume of premises 14 for shopping and entertainment purposes is designed with the possibility of placing in them, mainly, a multiplex cinema (not shown in the drawings).

Block 13, containing the aquarium, is equipped with internal trading pavilions and commercial premises (not shown in the drawings) with the placement of expositions and the possibility of selling mainly souvenir products that are thematically corresponding to the profile and purpose of the aquarium.

Different-sized demonstration tanks 22 are made with a bottom 42 and vertical wall fences 43 containing at least one opening 44 with translucent filling, while some of the tanks are made in the form of open airtight baths 45 with a side height of preferably 0.8-1, 1 m and are designed to fill the appropriate habitat settled in the tank hydrobionts. At least the bottom 42 and at least a part of the vertical wall fences 43 of the demonstration tanks 22 are structurally and functionally combined or integrated with the enclosing and / or supporting structures of buildings 8 and 7, respectively.

The main tank 23 and a group of multi-volume demonstration tanks 22 located in the basement or basement 4 of building 1 in block 13, in which the oceanarium is located, form an overview exposition dedicated to sea and ocean hydrobionts. The main tank 23 is supported, mainly directly on the foundation plate 37 of the building, and the viewing tunnel 24 of the main tank 23 is made, for example, in a U-shaped or loop-shaped configuration

and with the placement of the entrance 46 and exit 47 from it in one or two wall fences 25 of the tank 23. The translucent coating 27 of the viewing tunnel 24 of the main tank 23 is made in the form of a vaulted shell 48, for example, in the form of an extended arch with a broken or curved longitudinal axis, respectively 49 or 50 in the turning or bending zone of the viewing tunnel 24, and includes mounting vault elements 51, preferably of single curvature 52 along the arch, and wedge-shaped in plan, at least in the bending zone. The joining plane 53 (mainly vertical) of the two adjacent adjacent vaulted elements 51 is aligned with the bisector 54 of the angle formed by two adjacent sections 55 of the axis 49, made by a broken line in the turning or bending zone of the viewing tunnel 24, or formed by two tangent 56 to the curved longitudinal axis 50 at the points 57 equidistant to a distance L from the point of intersection 58 of the curved longitudinal axis 50 and the docking plane 53 in the bending zone with the curved section. The viewing tunnel 24 is equipped, at least in part of the passage section of the floor 26, with a transport mechanism in the form of a predominantly endless treadmill, structurally designed to repeat the turns or bends of the viewing tunnel 24 of the main tank 23. The main tank 23 is made with a volume of 750-1200 m ^3, preferably 900 m ³ and is intended to fill the marine habitat for the largest free-of marine and oceanic aquatic organisms, such as the zebrasoma, butterfly fish, angel fish, puffer, fish, -sobachka, sharks, rays Remora, Poliprion-foreclosure, Fish-bat. Moray eels, alecta, snappers.

The main tank 23 and the group of multi-volume tanks 22 constitute a panoramic exposition 59 and are combined to form at least two panoramic panoramic architectural and structural compositions 60 and 61, united by a central viewing platform 62 located between them.

The vertical wall fencing 43 of the demonstration tanks 22, united by the viewing platform 63, in one of the panoramic overview compositions 60 are made mainly curved and / or combined configuration in plan and equipped with mutually complementary sections curved into the tanks and / or made within, for example, one fencing of a convex-concave configuration with a transition 64 from concavity 65 to the volume of the tank to the convex 66 towards the viewing platform 63 in total

enhancing the effect of volumetric perception of the habitat of the underwater world enclosed in demonstration tanks 22.

Another panoramic panorama composition 61, equipped with its viewing platform 67, is equipped with at least one columnar-shaped, predominantly circular cylindrical demonstration tank 68 and a group of demonstration tanks framing the viewing platform 67, autonomously located on the viewing platform. One of these tanks - tank 69 is made angular and has, mainly, cylindrically bent into the tank volume, containing an opening 44 with translucent filling, a wall fence 43, and the remaining tanks 22 included in this panoramic panorama composition 61 are spaced around its perimeter and are made with flat wall fencing 43 containing openings 44 with translucent filling. At least part of the demonstration tanks 22 of both panoramic panorama compositions 60 and 61, respectively, are adjacent and contain at least one common fence for two tanks 43, dividing the habitats and hydrobionts of the respective tanks.

A group consisting of no less than three demonstration tanks 70, 71, 72 for marine hydrobionts, included in one of the compositions 60, is architecturally and structurally made in the form of a common compositional unit, paired with each other in the form of a single panoramic concave combined into the tank volume - a curved supporting and / or enclosing structure formed by wall barriers of 43 tanks equipped with openings 44 with translucent filling located at a common center of curvature, and the internal media separating them about wall fencing 43 is made panoramic common for every two adjacent adjacent tanks. Demonstration tanks 70, 71, 72 are mounted on a common base, preferably on a foundation plate 37 and inhabited by biologically close and complementary aquatic organisms. So one of these tanks 70 has a quasi-trapezoidal configuration in plan and is made in the volume of 3-8 m ³ , preferably 5 m ³ and is intended for the Nanny Shark and / or Cat Shark fry, and the adjacent demonstration tank 71 is made in an angular volume of 10 15 m ³ , preferably 12 m ³ , and is intended for mainly small sharks, for example. Cat Shark, Zebra Shark, and Guitar Stingray. The third tank 72 closing this composition group is made in a volume of 12-20

m ³ , preferably 15 m ³ with structural and artistic inclusion of a rocky shore and is intended for aquatic organisms such as Pomacenter, Gubany, Pescari.

Oppositely located relative to the above group of tanks, the demonstration tank 73 is thematically made in the form of a rocky reservoir with a volume of 20-33 m ³ , preferably 25 m ³ , with the tank wall 43 facing the viewing platform 63, containing an opening 44 with translucent filling made predominantly made of translucent plastic, for example acrylic glass, has a curved-broken configuration in plan with a transition 64, mainly through a kink in a section facing concavity 65 into the volume of tan and to the section facing the convex side - convexity 66 to the viewing platform of the panoramic panoramic composition 60, and the transitional section - the transition 64 of the fence 43, combining sections of equal curvature, are made with the possibility of reinforcing the fence 43 by intermediate resting on the vertical support structure built into the tank 73 in the form of a concrete or reinforced concrete column 39, the material and configuration of which complement the compositional solution of the tank as a rocky reservoir. The tank is designed to inhabit a wide range of marine aquatic organisms, such as Lesser Sharks, Guban, Lucian, Sea Urchin, as well as Starfish, Crabs or aquatic organisms from the family of Sea Cucumbers.

A demonstration tank 74, closing one of the mentioned panoramic panorama tank compositions - composition 60, is located on the transition area between the viewing platform 63 of the panoramic panoramic composition and the main tank 23. The wall fence 43 of the tank 74 is made translucent in general convex in plan, combined shape, consisting of alternating successive straight sections and curved sections. One curved section faces a convex section towards the center of the viewing platform 63 of the panoramic overview composition 60, and the other curved section convexes mainly towards the main tank 23. The tank is 20-33 m ³ , preferably 25 m ^{3 in} volume, biologically equipped as a reservoir of stingrays for habitation, preferably stingrays of the Bycheryl type, and / or Blue-spotted stingrays, wherein tank 74 is mounted on a concrete base, preferably on the foundation plate 37 of the building.

On the observation deck 63, between the main tank 23 and the aforementioned group of demonstration tanks, two additional columnar tanks 75, 76, each 0.3-1 m ³ , preferably 0.6 m ³ , are placed on an area commensurate with 0.5 m ² , are made mainly in the form of a pipe, for example, of acrylic glass, and are intended for the autonomous placement of marine aquatic organisms, namely, in one of the tanks 75, for example, octopuses, and in the other tank 76, the Monkfish populations.

In another panoramic panorama composition 61, a columnar tank 68 with a volume of 2-8 m ³ , preferably 5 m ³ , is installed at the entrance, in the form of a translucent cylindrical pipe, for example, of acrylic glass, mounted on a concrete base, and is intended mainly for schools of fish , for example, of the Long-feather Alekt type, and to the right and left of the indicated tank 68, on the opposite sides of the observation deck 67 are two of the same type, mainly rectangular in terms of demonstration tanks 77, 78 with a volume of 2.5-10 m ³ , preferably one tank -77 volume om 5 m ^3, and the other - 78 volume of 7.5 m ^3, intended mainly for the type of aquatic organisms mollusks. One of the tanks 78, preferably the larger one, is intended for aquatic organisms of the Karakatitsa type, and is thematically equipped as a “cuttlefish” tank, the second of the mentioned tanks 77, the opposite of the previous one, is architecturally and structurally designed as a “cave mollusk” tank and is intended for various types . Between the tanks 77, 78 along the perimeter of the panoramic panorama composition 61 there are structurally integrated angular demonstration tank 69 with a curved curved fence 43 made of translucent and attached to it having a common wall fence for two tanks 43, a demonstration tank 79 of rectangular configuration, wall fencing made with an opening with translucent filling, for example, from acrylic glass.

Angle tank 69 is made with a volume of 10-20 m ³ , preferably 15 m ³ , thematically designed as a “cave” type tank and is intended for hydrobionts, for example, for a group of fish such as Squirrel Fish, Soldier Fish, Lion Fish, Allomicter, Gobies, Kuzovka, and the second demonstration tank 79 with a volume of preferably 5 m ³ , is designed as an ambush predator tank and is intended primarily

for a monovid of freely floating hydrobionts, for example, of the Spotted Flutoryfish type.

In addition, preferably at least two independently mounted columnar tanks 80 and 81 with a preferred volume of 0.5-0.6 m ³ are located in the transitional section between the panoramic panorama composition 61 and the main tank 23. One of the tanks - 80 is intended mainly for marine hydrobionts such as Seahorses, for example, such as the Yellow and Spotted seahorses, and the other tank - 81 is equipped to demonstrate the symbiosis of marine hydrobionts, namely, for combination, for example. Anemone and Clown Fish.

In this panoramic panorama composition 61, there is additionally installed a demonstration tank 82 of rectangular shape in plan with a volume of 7-13 m ³ , preferably 10 m ³ , and having at least two, preferably opposed wall fences 43 made of translucent, compositionally made for settling with hydrobionts of the type live corals, shrimp and fish such as Zebrasomes and Antias.

In all demonstration tanks 22 of the overview exposition 59, the habitat temperature is adopted at 24-26 ° C, while all demonstration tanks are installed on a concrete base, preferably on the foundation plate 37 of building 1.

A freestanding tank 28 is designed for the biocenosis of waterfowl, mainly of the penguin type, made for a combination of habitats - aquatic, coastal and air, and is mounted in block 13 containing an aquarium on one of the ground floors of building 1. Buildings and / or enclosing structures tank 30, at least partially structurally and functionally combined with the corresponding load-bearing and / or enclosing structures 8 and 7, respectively, of building 1. A spasmodic change in stiffness and bearing capacity vertically and / or on string-oriented fences 30 are made in the closure zone of the aquatic, coastal and air habitats and are located at a height exceeding the upper mark of the aquatic habitat. The set of underlying sections of non-translucent 33 and at least partially translucent fences, mainly vertically oriented, as well as the overlap 2 or foundation 37 of the building, sequentially

hermetically connected and / or at least partially aligned with the bottom 29 of the tank 28, form a water-filled bath 83 and combine the function of the supporting and / or enclosing structures of the tank 28 and building 1. The sections of vertically oriented and / or inclined barriers 30 located above the bath homogeneous in mechanical influences, the internal air environment of the tank of the exposition inhabitants and the external environment for visitors to stay, made mainly in the form of self-supporting partitions or walls, including lightweight type, structurally, at least partially common for the tank 28 and building 1, as well as at least one enclosure containing openings 32 with translucent filling, having at least one that increases the volumetric visual connection of the shared media, paired with adjacent sections of a curved or broken section 84 connecting the curved or rectilinear sections, respectively 85 and 86, or a combination thereof. The 28 penguinarium tank has a volume of 80-100 m ³ , preferably 90 m ^3, for filling the marine aquatic environment with a temperature of preferably 14 ° C for a population of penguins living in middle or subtropical latitudes, or a temperature of 0-10 ° C for Antarctic penguin populations.

The life support system (not shown conventionally in the drawings) of the demonstration tanks includes at least one, mainly, an annular pipeline for sea water and at least one, mainly, an annular pipeline for fresh water for supplying and filling the habitat with prepared water from the water treatment system , a sewerage system for the removal of liquid wastes of treatment, waste and displaced water, and process tanks that respond to the demonstration tanks, while the demonstration tanks are commutated from the source energy supply systems for thermostatic control of water and lighting, mainly the living environment, as well as communicated with the sewer system, and the response technological tanks contain mechanical and chemical filters, including protein skimmers, sensors and instrumentation for measuring water temperature habitat, as well as at least for measuring the redox potential and pH of the aquatic environment.

During the operation of the aquarium, pumping equipment of the water treatment system is used, mainly multicomponent systems

life support (not shown in the drawings). In this case, the species composition of the demonstration inhabitants of the aquarium is established or adjusted, primarily from marine and / or freshwater aquatic organisms, themed expositions are separated from individual or grouped into demonstration tanks, and biotopes and biocenoses of each tank are formed from hydrobionts and / or other inhabitants, carry out water treatment, prepare sea water, or at least partially deliver natural sea water, fill the working volume of the medium inhabited tanks using sea or fresh water, they activate the life support system, include recirculation processes of mechanical, biological, chemical, protein cleaning, sterilizing water and regulating the redox potential and water temperature in the tanks, populate the tanks with hydrobionts, maintain recirculating cleaning in the operational mode and carry out periodic adding fresh water to the tanks. Combined mechanical and biological water purification is carried out, as well as protein purification and sterilization of water combined in a single process, and suspended protein particles are removed from the water by flotation, passing in a countercurrent flow towards the downward flow of water bubbles containing a mixture of air and ozone.

The structure of a multifunctional construction project made in the form of building 1 includes:

- Engineering-biological complex-oceanarium, in which, through a system of tanks 22 (pools and aquariums) located at different levels and / or floors 3 and 4 of the building, the underwater world of various regions of the Earth - freshwater rivers and reservoirs, is represented. The Mediterranean Sea and the World Ocean, including tropical areas;

- premises 14 for shopping, entertainment, technical and service purposes: a supermarket, specialty shops, catering establishments, a parking lot in the basement and on the roof - covering the building.

Building 1 mainly contains three floors, including a basement or basement. The planned dimensions of the building, mainly, are 110.0 × 85.0 m along the extreme center axes; the height from the planning level of the earth is up to 15.5 m or more. The height of the 1st floor, mainly 6.6 m, the height of the 2nd floor,

mainly 4.8 m, the height of the intermediate floor in the axes, preferably 3.3 m, the height of the basement is 3.5 m

The building is equipped with a shopping gallery 17 (passage), made in the form of an atrium. This is the main entrance to the building and the distribution hub of the flow of visitors. From it you can go to the supermarket, to the aquarium, to the shops of the 1st and 2nd floors, to the basement parking 16 on the main stairs located here, escalators and elevators.

All gallery levels are illuminated with overhead light through a glazed lantern.

On the roof - covering 9 buildings there are technical rooms - ventilation chambers, machine rooms of elevators, as well as a glazed lantern of the shopping gallery.

The main area of the 1st floor is a supermarket. Trading floor - an area of preferably 2736.5 m ² . It is adjoined on both sides by production, storage and utility rooms, premises of engineering and business services, a closed unloading and loading ramp. Office and domestic premises of the supermarket are located on the intermediate floor, preferably at elev. 3.300 m.

The engineering and biological complex Aquarium is the main functional element of entertainment and knowledge of the underwater world. The exposition is located mainly on 3 levels and / or floors, which are interconnected by open stairs, ramps and elevators for disabled visitors. When passing along the excursion route, visitors sequentially get acquainted with the underwater world of freshwater bodies of water (the Neva River and Lake Ladoga), the Mediterranean Sea. Oceans and tropical seas. The exposition ends with a penguinarium. But the bottom review exposition 59, dedicated to marine and oceanic hydrobionts, is most fully disclosed in the utility model.

The layout of the premises eliminates the intersection of flows of visitors to the aquarium. The oceanarium includes a 60-meter buffet. and a specialized marine-related store. The office premises of the aquarium are located mainly at elevations of 0.000 and 3.300 m. The technical premises of the aquarium are preferably located in the basement or basement and on the 1st floor.

Part of the ground floor area is occupied by small specialized shops and a restaurant (cafe) for visitors at 60 pm

The 2nd floor is designed to accommodate specialized elite stores of world famous companies, as well as a small number of small shops and kiosks. Part of the area is occupied by ventilation chambers.

In the basement or basement, the main part of the square is occupied by a parking lot for visitors with ~ 200 places, access to which is carried out via a ramp from the side of a car passage. In addition, here are located: part of the exposition of the aquarium, its technical premises, technical premises of the building, heating station, compressor refrigeration station, ventilation chambers, automatic fire extinguishing station, workshops, and utility rooms. Through the basement or ground floor, the products of the cafe and restaurant are loaded, as well as food waste is removed from them.

The second car parking is arranged on the roof - covering the building with access to the roof on a ramp. Visitors to the complex, parked cars on the roof, can go down the stairs and elevators to the building and go back with purchases.

The architectural solutions of the facades are made taking into account the significance of the streets they face. The plane of the walls vertically is preferably divided into 2 tiers, various finishing materials are used - natural stone in the decoration of the basement and 1st floor and large-sized ceramic tiles in the lining of the 2nd floor. The plane of the walls of the 2nd floor is decorated with glazed prisms that play the role of both a decorative element and a window opening. Window openings are made in various sizes in accordance with the functional need. Each facade has its own distinct accent - the facade of the main entrance contains a staircase and a stained glass gallery, the facade for automobile passage - stained glass windows of stairwells. The corners of the building are accented by stained glass windows and tower superstructures with domes and spiers.

The facade of building 1, facing the courtyard, is made using lightweight insulated metal panels and a concrete base. The facade has a utilitarian character, due to the fact that it goes mainly to the utility yard, although the stained-glass window of the gallery and the niche of the entrance to it bring enough expressiveness into it.

The claimed building 1, taking into account the basement or basement floor 4, is made mainly of three-story buildings and has four-story buildings. The building is made in a full frame, having the main grid of columns, mainly: 6.0 × 14.0 m and 6.0 × 17.0 m and the grid of columns - 5.7 × 6.0 m in four-story built-in shelves and mezzanines in the aquarium area.

The building has dimensions in plan, preferably 110.0 × 85.0 m. The height of the building from the average level of land planning (-1.500 m) to the coverage of ventilation chambers (+16.900 m) located on the upper floor is 18.4 m.

According to the specific conditions of the functional-planning nature, there are no stiffness connections in the frames. The spatial rigidity and stability of the building frame is provided by:

a) in the direction of the plane of the frame of the frame - rigid nodes pairing the crossbars (frame beams) with steel columns;

b) in the orthogonal direction - due to the rigidity of the framework columns pinched in the foundation plate;

c) hard drives of floor slabs;

d) the presence of stairwells and elevator shafts that perform the functions of stiffness nuclei.

The building in the plan is divided by a transverse temperature-expansion joint 34 into two temperature blocks 12 and 13 in size, mainly 53.95 × 84.8 m and 55.35 × 77.9 m.

Structurally-planned set-up schemes for interfacing building blocks of different levels and undesirability for architectural reasons of setting paired columns along the lines of their adjacency with the organization, thus, additional temperature-expansion joints, as well as the placement of natural stiffness cores 36 mainly along the periphery of the building, the need to use in the construction of the building a number of specific measures of a structural and technological nature that ensure minimization nyh stresses and deformations in the carcass 6 from temperature climatic influences arising mainly - in the process of construction.

These activities included:

- device in the process of construction of longitudinal and transverse "temporary" temperature-expansion joints (VTDSh) in the floor slabs of the basement;

- closure of structures (welding of reinforcing bars and filling of high-temperature concrete with concrete) in a strictly defined period at a positive temperature, preferably at least + 5 ° C.

The need for longitudinal and transverse VTDSh devices in the foundation slab 37 and the walls 35 of the basement or basement floor 4 was determined by a more detailed analysis in the process of detailed design, and they were compensated by additional reinforcement of the slab.

The above measures ensure that the requirements are met, Table 3 “Benefits” to SNiP 2.03.01-84 “Concrete and reinforced concrete structures” with respect to the largest distances between temperature-expansion joints, allowed without calculation for frame multi-storey monolithic buildings.

The column system 39 of the frame 6 of the building mainly includes:

a) the main columns;

b) columns of 4-storey built-in shelves;

c) columns of built-in platforms - mezzanines in the oceanarium zone;

d) individual columns in the basement or basement;

e) columns and pylons half-timbered exterior walls;

f) columns of the ventilation chamber frame;

The main columns are installed with a grid, preferably 6.0 × 14.0 m, 6.0 × 17.0 m and 6.0 × 10.5 m from -3.950 m to +11.300 m and are mainly made combined . In the basement with the required high degree of fire resistance (R 150), the columns are made of monolithic reinforced concrete section, preferably 400 × 600 mm, and are rigidly clamped into the base plate. The upper part of the columns is made of welded steel structures (2 channels No. 30, united by trims with a cross-section along the outer dimension of 320 × 500 mm).

In order to exclude significant bending moments in the lower, reinforced concrete tier of the main columns, steel columns are supported on columns of the basement or basement floor through cylindrical steel hinges,

hinges, limited-rotation in the plane of the main frame of the frame. The steel part of the columns is divided in height into 2 blocks. Blocks of columns are equipped with platforms for supporting the main floor beams passing through them.

To ensure the required fire resistance, the columns are protected by a layer of cement plaster on the grid, or by prefabricated reinforced concrete box tiles, or vermiculite plates with the formation of an external dimension - 400 × 600 mm.

Embedded columns and individual columns in the basement or basement - preferably monolithic reinforced concrete with a section of 400 × 400 mm, are mainly located with a mesh of ~ 5.7 × 6.0 m, are rigidly clamped in the base plate. The maximum height of the columns, preferably from a mark of 3.950 m to a mark of +10.300 m.

The columns of the built-in mezzanine areas in the aquarium area are preferably steel rectangular pipes with a section of 160 × 160 × 5-8 mm, mounted on steel main beams of the floors.

Beams of overlappings - the main beams of the main frame with spans of 14.0-17.0 m steel welded I-section. The height of the beams in the spans, preferably 700 mm, on supports 800 mm. The beams are continuous, rigidly connected in nodes with the main steel columns of the frame, made of steel C 345.

To ensure the stability of the compressed supporting sections of the lower zones, the main beams are equipped with a system of secondary two-T-shaped rolled steel beams - spacers fixed to hard disks of reinforced concrete floors.

The main beams of a monolithic reinforced concrete floor of the 1st floor at a mark (± 0,000 m) are mainly interconnected by a system of steel beams that are orthogonal to the main secondary (double-tee rolling), installed in increments of preferably 3-4 m and included in the work of a monolithic slab overlap.

In multi-storey monolithic built-in floors of the 1st floor for loads of up to 1.65 t / m ² (local to 2.0 t / m ² or more), reinforced concrete monolithic beams are longitudinal and transverse, preferably with a section of 350 × 450 mm and 350 × 600 mm.

The beam cage for the mezzanine mezzanine floors is made mainly of rolled I-beams.

Floor slabs 9:

a) Overlap of the 1st floor - above the basement or basement at a mark of ± 0,000 m - preferably a monolithic reinforced concrete slab, preferably 160 mm and 180 mm thick in the storage area, supported by main and secondary steel beams and reinforced concrete beams in the zones 4-storey built-in shelves.

The plate is included in the operation of steel secondary beams by installing steel stops and reinforcing anchors on the upper belt of the beams.

b) Overlapping of the 2nd and 3rd floors, respectively, at elev. +6600 m, +7500 m and +11300 m are made of prefabricated hollow-core slabs, preferably, series 1.141 - КР-1 ... КР-3 with a span of 3.0-6.0 m under a payload, preferably up to 800 kg / m ² or more. Separate areas of overlap (for example, in the area where elevator shafts and stairwells are located) are made in the form of monolithic sections — continuous slabs, preferably up to 220 mm thick or more, or ribbed slabs. Similarly, "support" sections were made in the alignment of the main columns or using prefabricated individual structures.

c) Overlapping floors are preferably located at elevations (indicated at the “clean” floor levels) -1,500 m, -1,350 m, -1300 m, -1,220 m, +1500 m, +3,000 m, +3,300 m and are monolithic reinforced concrete on steel beams. Type of formwork - removable or non-removable from corrugated board.

d) Separate viewing platforms in the area of the engineering-biological complex - the aquarium are made of steel structures - steel beams coated with sheets of corrugated steel.

e) A special group of ceilings - ceilings in two multi-storey, preferably 4-storey buildings, shelves. Overlapping of shelves at ± 0,000 m, +3,300 m and + 6,600 m in one shelving and ± 0,000 m, + 4,050 m and + 6,600 m in another shelving are made in the form of flat monolithic reinforced concrete slabs in preferred support networks ≈ 6.0 × 5.670 m.

Moreover, plates at elevations of ± 0,000 m due to significant local and average payloads - up to 0.9-1.2 t / m ² or more and - 0.8-1.8 t / m ² or more, respectively, for one and the other the buildings are made with reinforced concrete beams located along the axes of the columns - plate thickness up to 200 mm, beam height

up to 600 mm. On the remaining upper floors of the built-in slabs, the slabs are made flat with flanges at the points of support on the columns.

The fachwerk system 41 is formed by:

- reinforced concrete pylons with a cross section of 240 × 400 mm, preferably within the range of -1,500 m to +3,600 m;

- steel racks from bent rectangular pipes with a section of 180 × 140 mm; made from the level of -1.00 m to the mark. +11,300 m.

Horizontal beams are provided for reinforced concrete pylons and racks at the floor level, preferably reinforced concrete for pylons and steel I-beams for steel racks, designed to support additional floor slabs. The rigidity and stability of the half-timbered racks in the plane of the walls is ensured by their fastening to the floor slabs forming the hard drive, and the stiffness of the pylons due to the monolithic connection with reinforced concrete monolithic walls.

Lift shafts:

Elevator shafts for elevators, preferably from Otis and Stein, are made in monolithic reinforced concrete and are equipped with pits below the base plate. The door frames guiding for the movement of cabs and counterweights are fastened to the concrete of the walls, preferably on XILTI bolts.

At the top of the shafts, for certain types of elevators, machine rooms were made, towering (as a rule) above the ceiling at elevation. +11300 m. The walls of the engine rooms are supported on the walls of the elevator shafts through the beam cage system and are preferably made of aerated concrete with steel frame racks included in the body of the walls, absorbing loads from the monorail beams of repair and assembly hoists (hoists). Coverage of engine rooms is made of steel lightweight structures and corrugated board.

Stairwells and stairs:

The building is equipped with stairs, divided into the following types:

- input

- internal core (to the entire height of the building)

- internal interplanetary.

Staircases are made, as a rule, in effective brick, for example, grade "150" and grade "100", with walls 250 mm thick.

Part of the stairwells having a complex configuration and bearing patterns at different levels are made combined: the lower, supporting zone - preferably in monolithic reinforced concrete, and the upper zone - preferably in brick, or - entirely in monolithic reinforced concrete. In the case when the walls of staircases intersect the location lines of the steel main floor beams, the walls are provided with steel or monolithic reinforced concrete racks (columns) built into them, which serve as supports for the beams.

In necessary cases, reinforcement of the brickwork with mesh reinforcement was carried out to increase the bearing capacity and the mutual connection of the walls with each other.

Staircases and marches are mainly made of precast concrete.

In some cases, the staircases are made on steel beams with monolithic reinforced concrete slabs, while the marches are made of precast concrete or with steel braces and precast concrete steps. Small inter-site staircases are made of steel in the area of the engineering-biological complex - the oceanarium.

Steel structures of uprights (columns), platforms and marches are plastered over the grid to ensure the required design fire resistance.

Ventilation chambers:

Ventilation chambers are preferably located on the floor of the building, have a steel frame, including posts from rectangular pipes with a section of 160 × 160 × 5 mm and I-beams of coatings. The grid of columns of racks, preferably 6.0 × 5.67 m. Runs of channels are laid along the beams with a span of up to 6 m with a step of up to 3 m, and corrugated sheeting plates of the type H57-875 × 0.8 are laid on them. Vertical stiffness ties along the contour of the chambers were made along the racks, and horizontal ties acting as wind farms along the perimeter of the coating were made.

The walls of the ventilation chambers are made of three-layer “Sandwich” -type panels 200 mm thick, fixed to the frame racks and (if necessary) to additional racks and half-timbered crossbars.

From the inside, the wall panels are lined with a 50 mm thick sound-absorbing plate.

The wall fencing of the ventilation chamber located on the ceiling of the 2nd floor (elevation of +6.600 m) is similarly carried out by replacing the frame racks with half-timbered racks with a section of steel pipes, preferably 100 × 100 × 5 mm and 120 × 120 × 5 mm.

Escalators:

At least one, and preferably three, escalator is installed.

First of all, one escalator was installed: from the mark of ± 0,000 m to the mark of +6,600 m.

The escalator is fixed on two end transverse steel beams, which in turn are fixed to the main walls.

Foundation.

The building includes a semi-buried ground or basement floor and at least one-story, and mainly 3-4-floor above-ground volume, solved, preferably, with a full load-bearing frame, preferably formed by reinforced concrete columns and monolithic ceilings on the main and secondary steel (locally - reinforced concrete) beams.

The reference alignment grid of the axes under the main bearing columns is preferably 17.0 x 6.0 m; the grid of axes for auxiliary columns of rooms arranged mainly at different levels with separate built-in platforms is preferably made of 5.67 × 6.0 m and 5.67 × 3.0 m.

A significant difference in cargo area dictated the difference in the values of the transferred payloads, namely:

the load on each main column of the supporting frame is 230.0-460.0 tf, mainly 420.0 tf;

the load on auxiliary columns varies within the boundary range from 60.0 ton-force to 210.0 ton-force, mainly 110.0 ton-force per column.

Based on the analysis of the complex hydrogeological situation, the static working conditions of the base with very significant dimensions in terms of a sharp spread in the values of the transmitted payloads, as well as in accordance with the specifics of the spatially structural solution of the aboveground part of the building, it is preferable to have a pile type of foundation in the structure of the slab grillage and piles.

During the construction, preferably, in the central historically developed part of the city, piles made according to the “gentle” should be provided

mode. The safest for the surrounding development, which does not require additional protective measures and minimizes (excludes) the impact of shock and dynamic effects during the manufacturing process, are printed piles.

The depth of immersion of piles from the day surface can be different, depending on geological conditions and lies mainly in the range from 23.0 ... 25.0 m.

The foundation piles are made using vibration-free technology, for example, “FUNDEX-BMGS” - under the protection of the casing with the cast-iron screw tip left in the ground. Drilling was carried out without excavation by means of a rotational-pushing introduction of the “tip-inventory pipe” system, up to the design mark of the heel.

Piles are made with calculated reinforcement only on the upper third of the trunk height.

Given the given payloads during the construction, at least two sizes of piles were used:

- for the main most loaded columns with a section, preferably 600 × 400 mm, piles with a trunk diameter of 520 mm, absolute bottom mark minus 19.40 m.

- for auxiliary columns with a section of 400 × 400 mm - piles with a trunk diameter of 450 mm, the absolute mark of the bottom minus 17.60 m.

In accordance with the geotechnical justification, the results of statistical tests and the associated load-bearing capacity of the concrete material, preferably of the VZO class, the design loads are accepted:

for piles ⌀520 mm - P _st = 230.0 tf;

for piles ⌀450 mm - P _St. = 180.0 tf;

A groove of the foundation pit can be made around the entire contour of the construction site, either from an indelible steel tongue of a trough profile, for example, of the Larsen type, or in the form of a concrete wall from reinforced cement-cement wells made by the "spray" technology, or partially from an indelible steel tongue and partially in the form of a concrete wall.

A closed, predominantly unanchored sheet pile circuit performs a threefold function:

- is a supporting structure, taking on the active pressure of the ground masses;

- it is an anti-filtration curtain that excludes the inflow of groundwater into the pit and allows the work inside the pit to be practically dry;

- serves as the first degree of waterproofing protection of the basement or basement for the period of operation of the structure.

Basement or basement 4 is a semi-subterranean underground space with maximum dimensions in plan along the center axes, preferably 106.35 × 82.0 m, within which a parking garage for cars, at least a part of the aquarium, and maintenance rooms are located , including blower refrigeration units, pump station, transformer and others, as well as stairwells, ten shafts of passenger and passenger lift shafts and elevators.

The production area of the garage is designed to accommodate up to 200 or more boxes of parking spaces with entrance and exit ramps of the ramp. The minimum height is clean by the internal dimensions of the parking lot and maintenance rooms ~ 2.75 m, by the ramp dimensions ~ 2.35 m.

A functionally ground or basement floor is at the same time a fundamental system that assumes all the constant and useful loads from a building.

The basement of the garage is made mainly in the form of a monolithic slab along the load-bearing steel main and secondary beams and girders of the design section, which, in turn, are based on monolithic pillar racks.

The location of the columns is confined to areas free from parking and car exits, in compliance with the necessary standards of approximation.

The bearing walls of the basement or basement are monolithic, reinforced by the type of beam - walls.

The base of the foundation part is piled along the slab grillage with a thickness of mainly 600 mm; piles, preferably stuffed.

In the zone of placement of the aquarium, the formwork of the slab grillage is complicated by supply channels and pits up to 1.0 m deep, in which pipelines serving the aquarium are located.

At least one temperature-expansion joint, the slab grillage is divided into at least two independent blocks.

In addition, two longitudinal concreting joints are provided in the grillage slab. A tape formed between the seams with a width of mainly 12.0 m is necessary for the installation of a sleeper-ballast foundation on the ground and is the closing structure of the slab grillage, reinforced and concreted by limited grapples at the final stage, as all construction and installation work in this area is completed .

The base under the walls of the front facades facing the trunk lines, mainly, are continuous tape grilles.

In order to level precipitation, create conditions for working together and increase overall bending stiffness, reinforced concrete tape grillages can be combined with the main supporting structures of the basement or basement with cantilever elements in the form of vertical diaphragms.

All bearing monolithic reinforced concrete structures are made mainly of concrete of class B25; W8; F100, reinforced with reinforcement of class AIII (for assembly knitting - reinforcement of class AI) with an estimated saturation of reinforcement of 90.0-120.0 kg / m ^{3 of} concrete.

Waterproofing of the basement or basement floor 4 is as follows:

A. Pairing a slab grillage with a monolithic wall of a parking garage.

On the upper edge of the grillage at the mark of minus 3.950 m - cement-penetrating composition, for example Vandex-super (domestic analogue of “Lakhta”); the concreting seam between the wall and the grillage is laid with a continuous bentonite cord 30 × 15 mm with protection by a concrete fillet.

B. Pair plate slab with a monolithic column.

Tab along the perimeter of the column of concrete string with the protection of a concrete fillet.

The insulation design “A” and “B” is made as a “waterproofing” bathtub.

B. Pairing of concrete blocks.

A key from the composition, for example Vandex CRS Ripeir Mortar for seam cutting.

D. Temperature-expansion joint 34.

Used, for example, a Dila strip strip made of synthetic rubber with a thickness of 1.5 mm with edge resistant polyester nets; the tape is attached, for example, using the Vandex BB75E compound.

The waterproofing of thin-walled structures of the pits of elevator shafts and elevators is made of sheet steel with corresponding anchoring by stiffeners from a corner profile.

The outer concrete surface of the basement in contact with the backfill soil is treated with two layers of hot bitumen along a layer of cold bitumen primer.

Decisions on the natural illumination of the premises of the building were made in accordance with the requirements of design standards SNiP 23-05-95 "Natural and artificial lighting." With the regulatory values of KEO, only office rooms are located near the outer walls. For the rest of the premises - trading floors of shops, oceanarium premises - the principle of combined lighting was adopted. The central gallery 17 - passage - illuminated by a glazed lantern. The light of the lantern through the openings reaches the level of the 1st floor. All premises of the basement or basement have artificial lighting.

Permissible noise levels in all rooms of the building are provided by a rational layout, enclosing structures with the required sound insulation, as well as special measures for sound insulation, vibration and sound attenuation.

The external walls are made according to the “ventilated facade” system with triple-glazed windows with two separate frames and hermetic vestibules provide sound insulation sufficient to reduce street noise of approximately L _w = 80 Ba (in the daytime), penetrating into the premises of the aquarium and offices to an acceptable level in these premises = 40 Bah.

The internal walls and partitions of solid brick, preferably 120 mm thick, aerated concrete blocks, preferably 100 ÷ 200 mm thick, as well as a frame structure using gypsum boards and mineral wool on a metal frame with a total thickness, preferably 125 mm or more, provide sound insulation office and other rooms from each other.

Overlapping of 9 floors - mainly monolithic and / or from prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow core slabs, preferably 220 mm thick and with a floor structure that is different for different groups of rooms with an obligatory layer of sound insulation, prevents the sound from spreading vertically.

The rooms with the highest noise level are ventilation chambers, a compressor room, a refrigeration unit, and pump rooms. These rooms are planningly removed from rooms with a normalized noise level. The following measures are envisaged to eliminate the transmission of vibrations to building structures and noise to neighboring rooms:

- Ventilation units and pump motors are installed on vibration-isolating bases and a “floating floor”, performed on an elastic gasket of increased thickness;

- The enclosing constructions of the ventilation chambers are provided with soundproofing walls and ceilings, the doors are soundproofing, weighted;

- Mufflers are installed on the main ducts;

- The air velocity in the ducts is taken into account the acoustic requirements of the building = 45 Bah.

Measures to ensure the movement of disabled people and people with limited mobility.

For a comfortable stay, people with limited mobility and people with disabilities are provided in accordance with amend. No. 4 SNiP 2.08.02-89 * as follows:

- ramps are made at the entrances to the central gallery of the complex;

- entrance doors have a width of ≥1500 mm;

- a cash register unit with a widened passage for the passage of a stroller was made for disabled supermarket buyers;

- for visitors to the oceanarium, wheelchairs made elevators along the routes of the excursion route for ascent and descent;

- completed toilets for disabled people in wheelchairs;

- All levels of the complex are served by gallery elevators, providing wheelchair access.

The illustrated example of a multifunctional construction object does not cover and, moreover, does not limit the entire scope of the claims of this technical solution.

Claims (16)

1. A multifunctional construction object, characterized in that it is made in the form of a building with a multilevel arrangement of floors, preferably contains at least three ground floors, a basement or a basement floor and includes a foundation constituting a volume-layout diagram of a construction object forming a supporting and enclosing frame structures, as well as covering, at least one staircase and / or staircase-elevator unit, engineering systems, communications, forming together at least two enlarged blocks ka, one of which contains functionally and structurally grouped retail and entertainment facilities, associated technical and service rooms, as well as at least one underground parking lot located below them, and contains at least one in the form of an atrium a shopping gallery, coupled with structural units - namely, the main entrance to the building and the system of transitions to the ground and basement or basement floors, and communicated with another block, while the shopping gallery It is made mainly with a vaulted coating protruding above other areas of the building’s cover, and at least part of the area of the reduced building cover is structurally designed to accommodate, mainly, an open parking lot and is equipped with an elevator elevator and / or serpentine ramp for lifting , check-in and check-out of cars, and at least another enlarged block includes a volume engineering-biological complex - an aquarium, made at least in part of the area in plan and, etc. preferably at least three levels in height of the building and includes biocenoses connected to life support and maintenance systems and compatible with biocenoses, mainly including hydrobionts, different-sized demonstration tanks, the larger of which is the main tank equipped with at least one observation tunnel with wall fencing , a floor and a translucent coating, as well as at least one freestanding tank, functionally made for the biocenosis of waterfowl mainly, such as penguins Inov. 2. The multifunctional construction object according to claim 1, characterized in that the block containing the aquarium is preferably separated from the block containing the premises for shopping and entertainment by at least one made at least a temperature-expansion joint in the foundation, and the foundation is rigidly connected to the supporting and enclosing structures of the basement or basement, reinforced by the type of beam-wall, with the formation of a spatial foundation system, and the staircase and staircase-elevator nodes are located, mainly Actually, in the perimeter zone of the building with the formation of stiffening nuclei by each node, and at least within a part of the area of abutment of the aquarium, the foundation includes a supporting foundation plate made with variable stiffness and moment of inertia with respect to at least two mutually displaced parallel conditional vertical planes, this, at least part of the supporting structures forming the frame, at least within the basement or basement floor includes columns forming the frame, girders and fachv structures a cradle, and the frame, at least within the basement or basement, contains at least one column of reinforced concrete, the upper part of which on the ground floors of the building is made mainly of supporting metal profiles, while the overall spatial rigidity and stability of the frame is ensured, mainly due to the hard pairing of the frame elements, at least in part of the nodes, and the nodes supporting the metal part of the columns on their lower reinforced concrete parts are made through joints in the form of hinges moat restrictedly rotatable in a plane-carcass frames. 3. The multifunctional construction object according to claim 2, characterized in that it is made of different floors or at least partially different levels of the main or built-in floors and in the area of the temperature-expansion joint separating the blocks, at least some of the columns are not equipped less than two asymmetrically located supporting platforms for supporting crossbars of different levels of overlap. 4. The multifunctional construction object according to claim 1, characterized in that a part of the area and volume of the premises for shopping and entertainment is designed with the possibility of placing in it, mainly, a multi-screen cinema. 5. The multifunctional construction facility according to claim 1, characterized in that in the block containing the aquarium, there are equipped internal trading pavilions and commercial premises with expositions and ensuring the possibility of selling mainly souvenir products that are thematically corresponding to the profile and purpose of the aquarium . 6. The multifunctional construction facility according to claim 1, characterized in that the multi-volume demonstration tanks are made with a bottom and vertical wall fences, including those containing at least one opening with translucent filling, while some of the tanks are made in the form of open airtight baths with a side height of preferably 0.8-1.1 m and are designed to fill the appropriate habitat inhabited in the tank hydrobionts, with at least the bottom and at least part of the vertical wall fencing The first demonstration tanks are structurally and functionally combined or combined with the building envelope and / or load-bearing structures. 7. The multifunctional construction facility according to claim 1, characterized in that the main tank and a group of different-sized demonstration tanks located in the basement or basement of the building in the block in which the aquarium is located form an overview exposition dedicated to sea and ocean hydrobionts, the main the tank is supported mainly directly on the foundation plate of the building, and the observation tunnel of the main tank is made, for example, in a U-shaped or loop-shaped configuration in plan and with the placement of the entrance and exit from it into one or two wall fences of the tank, while the translucent coating of the observation tunnel of the main tank is made in the form of a vaulted shell, for example, in the form of an extended arch and with a longitudinal axis, broken or curved in the area of rotation or bending of the viewing tunnel, and includes mounting vaulted elements , preferably, of single curvature and wedge-shaped in plan, at least in the bending zone, while the plane of joining of the two adjacent adjacent vaulted elements is aligned with the bisector of the angle formed by two between the longitudinal sections of the longitudinal axis, made by a polygonal line in the turning or bending zone of the survey tunnel, or formed by two tangents to the axis points equidistant from the intersection of the curved section of the longitudinal axis and the indicated plane of joining when the latter is in the turning or bending zone with the curved section, in addition, the tunnel is equipped with at least on the part of the passageway of the floor by the transport mechanism in the form of, mainly, an endless treadmill, structurally made with the possibility of repetition Doing turns or bends of the observation tunnel of the main tank, while the main tank is made with a volume of 750-1200 m ³ , preferably 900 m ³ and is designed to fill the marine environment for large free-floating representatives of marine and oceanic aquatic organisms. 8. The multifunctional construction facility according to claim 7, characterized in that the main tank and a group of different-sized tanks compose a survey exposition and are arranged to form at least two panoramic panorama architectural and structural compositions united by a central viewing platform located between them, with vertical wall fencing of demonstration tanks, united by their viewing platform, at least in one of the panoramic panorama compositions are made mainly curved and / or comb of the planed configuration and equipped with mutually complementary sections curvilinearly concave into the tanks and / or made within, for example, one enclosure of a convex-concave configuration with a transition from concavity to the tank volume to convexity towards the viewing platform, which together enhance the effect of volumetric perception of the medium habitat of the underwater world, enclosed in demonstration tanks, and another panoramic panoramic composition, also united by its viewing platform, is equipped with at least one autonomous located on the observation deck is a columnar, mainly round-cylindrical, or cylindrical, or conical in the form of a truncated cone tank and a group of demonstration tanks framing the viewing platform, at least one of which is made mainly angular and has, mainly, a cylinder bent into the tank volume, containing an opening with translucent filling, a wall enclosure, and the remaining tanks included in this panoramic panoramic composition are spaced around its perimeter and are made, imushchestvenno with flat wall enclosures containing the filling openings with a translucent, wherein at least part of the demonstration of both tanks panoramically-review compositions formed adjacent and contain at least one common two fences tank, separating and aquatic habitat respective tanks. 9. The multifunctional construction facility of claim 8, wherein the group consisting of at least three tanks for marine hydrobionts, included in one of the compositions, is architecturally and constructively made in the form of a common compositional unit, interfaced with each other in the form of a single a panorama-curved supporting and / or enclosing structure concave into the tank volume, formed by the tank wall enclosures equipped with openings with translucent filling located under the corners of the center of curvature and the internal fencing separating their habitats is made panoramic for every two adjacent tanks adjacent to each other, and the tanks are mounted on a common base, preferably on a foundation slab and are inhabited by biologically close and complementary hydrobionts, so one of these tanks has a quasi-trapezoidal configuration in plan and is made volume 3-8 m ^3, preferably of 5 m ³ and an adjoining tank configured angular volume of 10-15 m ^3, preferably 12 m ^3, the trailing compositional c PUF third tank configured to structurally-art switching rocky shore volume of 12-20 m ^3, preferably 15 m ^3. 10. The multifunctional construction facility of claim 8, characterized in that the demonstration tank opposite to the above group of tanks is thematically made in the form of a rocky reservoir with a volume of 20-33 m ³ , preferably 25 m ³ , with the tank wall facing the observation deck containing the aperture with a translucent filling, made mainly of translucent plastic, for example, acrylic glass, has a curved-broken configuration in plan with a transition, mainly through the kink of the section, about expanded by concavity in the tank’s volume to the portion facing the convex side of the panoramic panorama composition with the convex side, and the transition section of the guard uniting sections of equal curvature is configured to reinforce the fence, for example, by intermediate resting on a vertical load-bearing structure integrated into the tank volume, preferably in the form of a concrete or reinforced concrete column, the material and configuration of which complement the compositional solution of the tank as a rocky reservoir. 11. The multifunctional construction facility of claim 8, wherein the demonstration tank closing one of the aforementioned panoramic panorama compositions of the tanks is located at the transition between the viewing platform of the panoramic panorama composition and the main tank, while the tank wall is translucent in generally convex in plan, combined shape, consisting of alternating successive straight and curved sections of at least one convex to the observation deck, at the curved section located between one extreme and intermediate straight sections in plan has a convex section facing the center of the viewing platform of the panoramic overview composition, and the other, located between the terminal and intermediate straight sections in plan terms, the curved section is convex, mainly towards the main tank, and the tank is also made with a volume of 20-33 m ³ , preferably 25 m ³ and mounted on a concrete base, preferably on the foundation plate of the building. 12. The multifunctional construction facility of claim 8, characterized in that on the viewing platform between the main tank and the aforementioned group of demonstration tanks, two additional columnar tanks are installed, each 0.3-1 m ³ , preferably 0.6 m ³ , placed on an area commensurate with 0.5 m ² , they are made mainly in the form of a pipe, for example, of acrylic glass, and are intended for autonomous placement of marine aquatic organisms. 13. The multifunctional construction facility of claim 8, characterized in that in another panoramic overview composition at the entrance there is a columnar tank mounted on a concrete base with a volume of 2-8 m ³ , preferably 5 m ³ , in the form of a translucent cylindrical pipe, for example, acrylic glass, and to the right and left of the specified tank on the opposite sides of the observation deck are two of the same type, mainly rectangular in terms of demonstration tanks with a volume of 2.5-10 m ³ , preferably one tank with a volume of 5 m ³ and the other 7.5 m ³ and between the mentioned tanks around the perimeter of the panoramic panorama composition are located the structurally-united corner demonstration tank with a curved curved translucent fence and attached to it having a common demonstration tank of two rectangular configuration, the wall barriers of which are made with an aperture with translucent filling, for example, of acrylic glass, while the first of these tanks is made in a volume of 10-20 m ³ , preferably 15 m ³ , and the second demonstration tank preferably 5 m ³ , in addition, at least two independently installed columnar tanks with a preferred volume of 0.5-0.6 m ³ are located in the transition section between the panoramic panorama composition and the main tank panoramic panorama composition additionally installed a demonstration tank of rectangular shape in plan with a volume of 7-13 m ³ , preferably 10 m ³ , having at least two, preferably opposed wall fences made of translucent. 14. The multifunctional construction facility of claim 8, characterized in that in all demonstration tanks of the overview exposition, the habitat temperature is adopted at 24-26 ° C, while all demonstration tanks are installed on a concrete base, preferably on the foundation plate of the building. 15. The multifunctional construction object according to claim 1, characterized in that the freestanding tank for the biocenosis of waterfowl, mainly such as penguins, is made for a combination of habitats - water, coastal and air, and includes a bottom, vertically and / or inclined and horizontally oriented carriers and / or enclosing structures, including at least one with an aperture with translucent filling and at least one non-translucent enclosure with a variable, mainly, rapidly varying in height and the bearing ability, moreover, the tank is mounted in a block containing an aquarium on one of the ground floors of the building, while the supporting and / or enclosing structures of the tank are at least partially structurally and functionally combined with the corresponding supporting and / or enclosing structures of the building, moreover, a spasmodic change in the stiffness and bearing capacity of vertically and / or obliquely oriented fences is made in the zone of closure of the aquatic, coastal and air habitats and is located at a height above the height at the top of the aquatic environment, while the set of underlying sections of opaque and at least partially translucent fences, mainly vertically oriented, as well as the overlap or foundation of the building, are hermetically connected and / or at least partially aligned with the tank bottom form a water-filled bath and combine the function of the supporting and / or enclosing structures of the tank and the building, while sections of vertically oriented and / or inclined The separations separating the internal air environment of the tank, which are homogeneous by mechanical influences for exposition animals, and the external environment of visitors, are made mainly in the form of self-supporting partitions or walls, including lightweight ones, structurally at least partially common for the tank and buildings, as well as at least one fence containing openings with translucent filling, having at least one that increases the volumetric visual connection of the shared media, coupled with adjacent sections of a curved or broken section connecting the curved or rectilinear sections, or a combination thereof, the penguinarium tank is made in the volume of 80-100 m ³ , preferably 90 m ³ for filling the marine aquatic habitat with a temperature of preferably 14 ° C for the penguin population living in middle or subtropical latitudes, or at a temperature of 0-10 ° C - for Antarctic penguin populations. 16. The multifunctional construction facility according to claim 1, characterized in that the life support system of the demonstration tanks includes a water treatment system, a sewer system, process tanks, at least one, mainly an annular pipeline for sea water and at least one, mainly an annular pipeline for fresh water for supplying and filling the habitat with prepared water from a water treatment system, a sewer system for removing liquid waste from treatment, waste and replaced water, and from there are technological tanks for demonstration tanks, while the demonstration tanks are commented on with energy supply sources for thermostatic systems for water and lighting, mainly the living environment, as well as communicated with the sewer system, and the response technological tanks contain mechanical and chemical filters, including protein skimmers, sensors and instrumentation for measuring the temperature of the aquatic environment, as well as at least for measuring the redox potential and pH aquatic habitat.