RU62128U1 - CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL-STOREY BUILDINGS WITH A METAL FRAME - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to construction and can be used for the construction of low-rise civil buildings based on a metal frame of light steel thin-walled structures.

The technical result of the proposed solution lies in the possibility of building a low-rise building with a minimum consumption of building materials and providing modern requirements for energy conservation, fire safety, environmental friendliness, reliability and durability.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the structural system consists of frame frames formed on the basis of: external load-bearing walls, internal load-bearing walls, partitions, construction of floor and attic floors; as well as bearing trusses, beams, wall girders and roofs of an open structure with a predetermined configuration. All elements of the structural system are made of thin-walled steel profiles, which are connected by a detachable connection in order to form enlarged structural elements and create a building frame. For elements of external building envelopes - external walls and attic floors, the use of profiles with a perforated wall is provided, excluding the formation of "cold bridges". The heat and sound insulating material in the external enclosing structures is located within the cross-sectional height of the frame elements and is protected by special films and cladding on both sides. To ensure the required fire resistance of the supporting structures, plasterboard or gypsum-fiber sheathing is used. Corrosion resistance of steel structural elements is ensured by anti-corrosion coating.

Description

The proposed technical solution of the utility model relates to the field of construction and can be used for the construction of low-rise civil buildings based on a metal frame of light steel thin-walled structures (LSTK).

Known frame low-rise buildings from metal structures (RU, patent No. 21811155 C1, class E 04 B 1/24, class E 04 B 1/38, 2001.04.17).

The disadvantages of this design are the complexity of the nodal joints and the need to use welding to design mounting joints.

A collapsible building is known (RU, patent No. 2046895 C1, class E 04 B 1/343, class E 04 C 2/32, 1993.02.25).

The disadvantages of the collapsible design are the use of metal-intensive steel channels for the supporting frame, the increased thermal conductivity of the enclosing wall structures and coatings at the locations of the steel girders, the low fire resistance of unprotected metal structures.

The closest technical solution (prototype) to the proposed is the supporting frame of an ultralight building (RU, patent No. 32510 on PM, class E 04 B 1/00).

Significant disadvantages of the known solution are the need to use specialized hoisting vehicles during installation, the low degree of fire resistance of unprotected metal structures that are placed indoors, the limited scope of structures using single-span and one-story buildings.

The aim of the proposed model is the possibility of building using light elements that are easy to transport and assemble without specialized hoisting vehicles and construction equipment, such as cranes, as well as reducing the material consumption of low-rise buildings, improving their operating conditions by eliminating the noted drawbacks and ensuring modern requirements for energy saving, fire safety, environmental friendliness, reliability and durability.

The essence of the proposal lies in the fact that the basis of the constructive system of low-rise buildings is a supporting frame made of steel thin-walled profiles. For frame elements of external walls and attic floors, the use of steel profiles with a perforated wall is provided, eliminating the formation of “cold bridges”. The heat and sound insulating material in the outer walls and attic floors is located within the cross-sectional height of the frame elements and is protected by special films on both sides. External wall cladding is carried out according to the principle of a ventilated facade. The inner lining of walls, partitions and ceilings is made of plasterboard or gypsum fiber sheets. Interfloor ceilings consist of steel thin-walled profiles with additional elements providing sound insulation. Bearing structures of coatings are made in the form of trusses or beams of steel thin-walled profiles. Roofing is performed on the metal runs of the coating.

The materials used for the structural system are non-combustible and environmentally friendly. Corrosion resistance of steel structural elements is ensured by zinc coating.

The technical result is to reduce the consumption of building materials. Steel consumption for the supporting frame of buildings of light steel thin-walled structures is 25-28 kg for a one-story building and 38-43 kg for a two-story building based on 1 m ^{2 of} construction area. The weight of any mounting element of the building structures does not exceed 100 kg, which allows you to install them in place manually. Installation of building structures can be carried out without the use of lifting equipment in a short time: a team of 3-4 people can assemble a house frame with a total area of 150-200 m ² in 15-20 days.

The reduced heat transfer resistance of the external walls and attic floors with a thickness of 150 to 250 mm ranges from 3.23 to 5.04 m ² * ° C / W. Interfloor ceilings provide the value of the index of sound insulation of air noise R _w = 52 ... 53 dB. Wall covering provides fire resistance of load-bearing structures of at least 0.75 hours, which meets the requirements of SNiP 31-01-2003 for residential buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance. The durability of a building made of steel structures with a protective coating in a non-aggressive or slightly aggressive environment is at least 50 years.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the structural system for the construction of low-rise buildings with a metal frame consists of

of the following structural elements: external load-bearing walls, internal load-bearing walls, partitions, structures for interfloor and attic floors formed on the basis of steel frame frames, as well as load-bearing trusses or beams, roofing and wall girders of an open structure with a predetermined configuration. All elements of the structural system are made of thin-walled steel profiles and are connected by a detachable connection in order to form enlarged structural elements and create a building frame. For elements of external building envelopes - external walls and attic floors, the use of profiles with a perforated wall is provided, eliminating the formation of "cold bridges". The heat and sound insulating material in the external enclosing structures is located within the cross-sectional height of the frame elements and is protected by special films: from the inside with a vapor barrier film, and from the outside with a diffusion waterproofing film. To ensure the required fire resistance of the supporting structures, the frame frames of the walls and ceilings are lined with plasterboard or gypsum-fiber sheets from the inside. Outside, ventilated wall or roof girders are installed on the frame frames of external walls, supporting roof trusses or roof beams for the installation of facade or roofing systems.

Corrosion resistance of steel structural elements is ensured by anti-corrosion coating.

Achieving the above results is possible only when using the entire combination of known and new features of the claimed system.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 - shows the elements of a structural system;

figure 2 - shows the structure of the metal frame of a two-story building;

figure 3 - shows the supporting structure of the outer and inner load-bearing walls;

figure 4 - shows the runs of the roof;

figure 5 - shows the supporting structure of the roof;

figure 6 - shows the supporting structure of the floor and attic floors;

The structural system for the construction of low-rise buildings with a metal frame (Figure 1) includes the following elements - external load-bearing walls 1 with a frame of thin-walled steel profiles 2 with a perforated wall, heat and sound insulating material 3 located within the cross-sectional height of the frame elements and protected with special films 4 s both sides, internal load-bearing walls and partitions with a framework of thin-walled steel

profiles with heat and sound insulating material, structures of interfloor ceilings 5 of thin-walled steel profiles 6 with sound-insulating material 3, attic structures 7 of thin-walled perforated steel profiles 2 with heat and sound insulating material 3, protected by special films 4 on both sides, carrying trusses or beams 8, walls and roofing runs 9 of light steel thin-walled profiles, the inner lining of 10 walls and ceilings made of plasterboard or gypsum-fiber sheets and the outer lining x walls 11, made on the principle of a ventilated facade.

The structural system of the building is formed from frame frames (Figure 2) of external load-bearing walls, internal load-bearing walls, partitions, structures of floor and attic ceilings, load-bearing trusses or beams, roofing and wall girders of an open structure with a predetermined configuration made of thin-walled steel profiles . The stability of structural elements and the overall stability of the structural system as a whole is ensured by the creation of a spatially unchanged frame-link system, reinforced by wall cladding elements, hard disks of overlapping and coating.

The elements of the frame frames 12 (Figure 3) of the outer walls of the building consist of perforated (perforated) metal galvanized profiles, which are made of a strip of sheet steel with a thickness of 0.7-1.5 mm, interconnected by self-drilling self-tapping screws in the plane of the panel. The use of lightweight steel thin-walled structures from a perforated (perforated) profile significantly reduces the mass of the structure and reduces heat loss through the walls due to the extension of the cold flow path. Effective non-combustible heat and sound insulating material (mineral wool basalt slabs) is tightly laid between the racks. The heater is non-combustible, environmentally friendly and provides high thermal and sound insulation parameters of the external wall. The vapor-permeable heat and sound insulation layer is protected from moisture by special films and claddings: from the inside with a vapor barrier film and internal wall sheathing from plasterboard or gypsum-fiber sheets, from the outside by a diffusion waterproofing film fixed to the frame of the wall frame with ventilated wall girders 13 (Figure 1). Air is supplied through special vents located at windows, doors, parapets and at the base of the exterior walls. As a result, the structural system of a low-rise building with a metal frame can be suitable for cladding on the outside with any material 11 (Figure 1), regardless of construction properties

plating.

Elements of frame frames of bearing internal walls and partitions are performed using bent thin-walled profiles with wall thicknesses from 0.7 to 1.5 mm. An effective non-combustible heat and sound insulating material (mineral wool basalt slabs), tightly protected from damping by wall claddings made of plasterboard or gypsum fiber sheets, is tightly laid between the frame posts.

Elements of frame frames 14 (Fig.6) of the attic floor are made of perforated (perforated) metal galvanized profiles, which are made of a strip of sheet steel with a thickness of 0.7 mm An effective non-combustible heat and sound insulating material 3 (Fig. 1) (mineral wool basalt slabs) is tightly laid between the frame elements, protected from moisture by special films from the inside: vapor barrier film and the inner lining of the ceiling made of plasterboard or gypsum fiber sheets 10 (Fig. 1), with diffusion waterproofing film.

The elements of the frame frames 15 (Fig.6) of the flooring consist of light steel profiles with a thickness of 2-3 mm and a height of 150-300 mm, installed in increments of 600 mm. A profiled steel flooring 16 is laid at the top of the beams (Fig. 1), which unties the upper belt of the beams from their plane, serves as the base for the floors and forms a horizontal diaphragm that perceives the transverse wind load and transfers it to the transverse walls. The base of the floor is formed by two layers of moisture-resistant gypsum-fiber sheets on an elastic Izolon foam gasket. The suspended ceiling includes runs 17 (Figure 1) of thin-walled profile, attached to the lower belts of the elements of the frame skeleton, the sheathing of two layers of drywall sheets 10 (Figure 1) and a sound insulation layer 3 (Figure 1) of mineral wool plates.

Bearing structures of the coating consist of rafter trusses or beams 8 (Figure 5), made of thin-walled steel profiles. The use of thin sheet metal profiles in rafter systems with a span of 6-15 m allows to reduce steel consumption to a minimum. The stability of the coating structures is ensured by the creation of a spatially unchanged system of roof runs 9 (Figure 4), a roof covering disk and connections.

All elements of the metal frame have standard sizes and configurations, are protected by a corrosion-resistant coating, suitable for the factory method of manufacturing from modern structural steels and stored in stock with a stock of pre-made connecting elements.

The fire resistance of the structural system of a low-rise building with a metal frame is ensured by the inner lining of walls and ceilings with two or three layers of gypsum plasterboard or gypsum-fiber sheets of the required thickness based on the required degree of fire resistance of the supporting structures.

Corrosion resistance of steel structural elements is ensured by zinc coating. The weight of the zinc coating is at least 275 g / m ² . The thickness of the zinc layer is 20 microns on both sides. Depending on the degree of aggressiveness of the medium, steel elements can be coated with an additional protective coating.

In a preferred embodiment, the metal frame is erected in place and connected to the concrete foundation 18 (FIG. 1) at the nodes of the racks to be connected to the horizontal guide frame of the wall frame by means of bolts 19 (FIG. 1) having expandable couplings.

The structural system for the construction of a low-rise building with a metal frame allows the use of element-wise installation on the site, the assembly of a house from enlarged elements or factory-made building blocks.

Claims (5)

1. The structural system for the construction of low-rise buildings with a metal frame, including external load-bearing walls, internal load-bearing walls, partitions, structures for floors and attics with a frame of steel profiles, load-bearing trusses or beams, roofing and wall girders from steel profiles, characterized in that these structural elements are formed on the basis of frame frames made of thin-walled steel profiles connected by a detachable connection, thin-walled frame profiles The outer walls and attic floors have a perforated wall, and the heat and sound insulating material in the walls and floors is located within the cross-sectional height of the frame elements and is protected from the inside by a vapor barrier film and from the outside by a diffusion waterproof film. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame frames of the walls, partitions and ceilings are lined with plasterboard or gypsum fiber sheets from the inside. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the ventilated wall or roof runs for the installation of facade or roof systems are installed outside on the frame frames of the external walls, supporting trusses or roof beams. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the steel structural elements of the walls, floors and roofs are provided with a corrosion-resistant coating. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it further includes a foundation on which frame frames of the walls are installed.