RU61498U1 - START-UP CONTROL UNIT FOR LUMINESCENT LAMP - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to electrical engineering, in particular to ballasts (PRA) for fluorescent lamps, powered by an unstable voltage source (rail, road, metro).

The technical result is the creation of ballasts of increased reliability, improving and expanding operational characteristics, stability of luminescence and increasing the service life of fluorescent lamps, allowing ignition of various types of lamps without additional tuning, due to the possibility of smooth tuning of the frequency of the master oscillator i.e. control the frequency modes of the ballast, as well as stabilize the power on the lamp when changing the supply voltage of the ballast, by adjusting the inductive resistance of the resonant circuit of the converter.

The essence of the utility model lies in the fact that the ballasts containing a power source, voltage stabilizer, master oscillator, power converter, resonant circuit, auxiliary protection circuits, characterized in that the device is additionally introduced: voltage divider, shaper time interval, electronic switch, converter voltage - current ", and the voltage divider is simultaneously connected by its input to the power source, with the input of the voltage regulator and the power input of the power converter, the output, with the first input of the electronic switch, the second input of which is connected simultaneously with the output of the voltage regulator and the eighth output of the master oscillator, the third control input with the output of the time interval shaper, the input of which is connected to the capacitor, and the output of the electronic switch with the first input of the voltage - current ", which is connected by its second input to the resistor, and the output, with a capacitor and the seventh output of the master oscillator.

The exception of the scheme of the two-stage mode of heating and starting the lamp, as well as the introduction of these blocks and the presence of new connections in the ballasts, allows you to change the mode of lamp start-up and operation, to stabilize the power on the lamp when the supply voltage of the ballasts changes by adjusting the inductance of the resonant circuit of the converter (Fig. one).

Description

A useful model of the device relates to electrical engineering, in particular to ballasts (PRA) for fluorescent lamps, powered by an unstable voltage source (rail, road, metro).

A device for turning on and powering a fluorescent lamp is provided, comprising an inverter supplying the lamp through a ballast choke, an operational amplifier controlling the frequency of the inverter, a multiplier generating a voltage proportional to the power on the lamp, current and voltage sensors on the lamp, two four-channel analog multiplexers that switch voltage with the multiplier, the voltage sensor and the reference voltage to the inputs of the operational amplifier in the modes of heating of the electrodes, start-up and operating mode, the comparator is working about the mode, two emergency mode comparators turning off the inverter when the lamp power stabilization is violated, a temporary device and logic circuitry that provide the initial modes when the lamp is turned on, due to which the electrode heating mode is stabilized, the lamp power is stabilized in the operating mode and protective shutdown lamps in emergency conditions, (see patent RU 2259026 C1, priority 01/21/2004, publ. 08/20/2005).

The specified device has the following disadvantages:

1. The circuitry for the implementation of the method of stabilizing the power on the lamp and its heating mode has a redundant structure, a large number of electrical connections between the blocks, a complex algorithm for setting the lamp operating mode and assessing its accident rate, requires fine tuning, this generally leads to a decrease in reliability and increase the cost of the device.

2. The current lack of implementation of this ballast control device in integrated design.

The closest in essence is a device containing a power source, a voltage stabilizer C4, C6, R9, D2, which is simultaneously connected by its input to the power source and the power input of the power converter, consisting of transistors VT1, VT2, transformer TP1 and isolation capacitor C7, and the output with the 8th output of the master oscillator, the frequency of which is set by the circuit C1, R1, R3, R4, the power converter is controlled by the outputs 4, 6 of the master oscillator, the resonant circuit formed by the inductor L1 and capacitor C9 forms voltage heating, ignition and combustion of a fluorescent lamp L1, circuit 2

step switching the frequency of the master oscillator in the mode of heating the cathodes of the lamp and the mode of its ignition, consisting of the time of the driving circuit R2, C2 connected to its output 3, auxiliary circuit protection fluorescent lamp L1 connected to the terminals 1, 2 of the master oscillator, consisting of D1, R5, R6, R10, R11, D5, C8 (Fig. 6). Background “DODEKA” (“Push-pull controller ECG 1211EU1 / 1A”, Fig. 8), is a prototype.

A disadvantage of the known device is:

1. 2-stage switching of the frequency of the master oscillator in the heating mode of the cathodes of the lamp and the mode of its ignition. When the lamp is started, the currents and voltages on the elements of the resonant circuit increase when the excitation frequency of the resonant circuit approaches its own resonant frequency, therefore, to ensure the heating mode of the lamp cathodes, it is necessary to set the frequency of the master oscillator above the frequency of the own resonance, resonance circuit. At the same time, a sufficient current begins to flow through the cathodes of the lamp to heat them up, and the voltage that appears in the lamp is not enough to ignite it, but is 1.5-2 times higher than the voltage on the lamp in operating mode. After heating the cathodes of the lamp for 1-2 seconds. the operating frequency of the master oscillator is set close to the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit, which leads to a sharp increase in the voltage on the lamp and it ignites. With a wide range of parameters of the structural elements used in the manufacture of ballasts, the lamp may not light up, this is due to the fact that the frequency of the master oscillator may not coincide with the frequency of the resonant circuit, this mode of heating and igniting the lamp does not allow ignition of various types of lamps without additional adjustment of the power converter, thereby losing the versatility of the ballast, and a sharp initial increase in the lamp current during heating (see figure 5), does not allow to increase to The lamp life is optional.

2. The lack of power stabilization on the lamp

The technical result is the creation of ballasts of increased reliability, improving and expanding operational characteristics, stability of luminescence and increasing the service life of fluorescent lamps, allowing ignition of various types of lamps without additional tuning, due to the possibility of smooth tuning of the frequency of the master oscillator, i.e. control the frequency modes of the ballast, as well as stabilize the power on the lamp when changing the supply voltage of the ballast, by adjusting the inductive resistance of the resonant circuit of the converter.

The essence of the utility model is that ballasts containing a power source, a voltage stabilizer, a master oscillator, a power converter, a resonant circuit, auxiliary protection circuits,

characterized in that the device additionally includes: a voltage divider, a shaper of a time interval, an electronic switch, a voltage-current converter, the voltage divider being simultaneously connected by its input to a power source, with the input of a voltage regulator and the power supply input of the power converter, and the output, with the first input of the electronic switch, the second input of which is connected simultaneously with the output of the voltage regulator and the eighth output of the master oscillator, the third control input with the house of the time interval shaper, the input of which is connected to the capacitor, and the output of the electronic switch, with the first input of the voltage-current converter, which is connected by its second input to the resistor, and the output, with the capacitor and the seventh output of the master oscillator.

The exception of the scheme of the two-stage mode of heating and starting the lamp, as well as the introduction of these blocks and the presence of new connections in the ballasts, allows you to change the mode of lamp start-up and operation, to stabilize the power on the lamp when changing the supply voltage of the ballasts, by adjusting the inductive resistance of the resonant circuit of the converter

1. shows the functional diagram of the ballast

In Fig.2. shows a diagram of the mode of heating and ignition of the ballast of the claimed utility model

In Fig.3. frequency tuning diagram is shown in the mode of heating and ignition of ballasts

4. shows a diagram of the ballast in the stabilization mode of the lamp current

In FIG. shows a diagram of the mode of heating and ignition of ballasts (prototype)

6. shows the electrical circuit of the ballast (prototype)

The device contains terminals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, the master oscillator 9, terminals 10, 11, 12, 13 for connecting a fluorescent lamp 14, a power supply 15, a voltage divider 16, a voltage regulator 17, electronic switch 18, voltage-current converter 19, time interval shaper 20, power converter 21, consisting of two transistors 22, 23, transformer 24, capacitor 25, resonant circuit 26, consisting of inductor 27 and resonant capacitor 28, auxiliary protection circuits 29, consisting of a rectifier 30 and a voltage divider 31, resistor 32, capacitors 33, 34. Through terminals 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, the master oscillator is electrically connected to the elements and gears of the ballast, and its terminals 3, 5 are connected to the ground circuit ballast power supply 15, to which the terminals, capacitors 33, 34 and resistor 32, the transformer 24, the output 12 of the lamp 14, the inputs of the voltage divider 16 and the voltage stabilizer 17 are connected, are connected through the 1st power input of the power converter 21 to the middle terminal of the transformer 24 , the output of the voltage divider 16, is connected to the 1st input of the electronic switch 18, the 2nd input to which is connected to the output of the voltage stabilizer 17 and the output 8 of the master oscillator 9, and its 3rd control input is connected to the output

the shaper of the time interval 20, the input of which is connected to the capacitor 34, the output of the electronic switch 18 is connected to the 1st input of the voltage-current converter 19, its 2nd input is connected to the resistor 32, and the output is connected simultaneously to the capacitor 33 and terminal 7 of the master oscillator 9, two outputs of the master oscillator, conclusions 4, 6, through the control inputs 2, 3 of the power converter 21 are connected to the gates of the transistors 22, 23 of the power converter 21, the output of the transformer 24 of the power converter 21 through the isolation capacitor 25 connected to the inductor 27, which together with the capacitor 28 form a resonant circuit 26 connected in parallel with the fluorescent lamp 14 to its terminals 10, 11, 12, 13 through a rectifier 30, the 1st input connected to the output of the inductor 27 and the output 10 of the fluorescent lamp 14 and The 1st output of the auxiliary protection circuit 29, connected to the 1st output of the master oscillator 9, implements current protection of the ballasts from the loss of emission of the cathodes 10-11, 12-13 of lamp 14, and through a voltage divider 31 connected by inputs 2, 3 to the terminals 13.11 fluorescent tubes 14 and 2nd output auxiliary a protection circuit 29 connected to terminal 2 of the oscillator 9 is realized by cathode protection gear breakage 10-11, 12-13, the fluorescent lamp 14.

Description of the operation of the device in start-up mode and lamp operation.

1. The mode of heating the cathodes and ignition of the lamp.

When voltage is applied to the power bus of the device, from the power supply 15 of the ballast, at the output of the voltage stabilizer 17, a stabilized constant voltage is formed, which is fed to the 2nd input of the electronic switch 18 and 8, the output of the master oscillator 9, after which the formation of the warm-up time by the shaper begins time intervals 20 is set by the capacitor 34, the output of which controls the electronic switch 18, through which the stabilized voltage during the warm-up time is supplied to the voltage-t converter ok "19, where there is a linear increase in the current that flows to the capacitor 33 and to the input 7 of the master oscillator 9, on which a periodic signal of variable frequency exceeding the frequency of the resonant circuit 26 is formed, when the input current on the master oscillator 9 changes, its frequency also changes, this frequency with increasing input current, gradually decreases, approaching the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit 26, there is a gradual increase in the current of the lamp 14, thereby smoothly heating the cathodes 10-11, 12-13 of the lamp 14, which m leads to a sharp increase in the voltage across the lamp 14 and its ignition occurs (cm. 1, 2, 3).

2. Lamp stabilization mode

After the warm-up time, the electronic switch 18 is switched and through its 1st input, the input voltage from the power supply 15 of the PRA, through the voltage divider 16, is fed to the input of the voltage-current converter 19, resulting in an output of the master oscillator 9, the operating frequency of the ballasts is formed, which depends on the input

the supply voltage, with its increase, the operating frequency of the master oscillator 9 increases and through the power converter 21 supplied to the resonant circuit 26, due to the effect of changing the inductance of the inductor depending on the frequency of the current flowing through it, the current of the lamp 14 will decrease proportionally a change in the excitation frequency of the resonant circuit 26, and with a decrease in the input supply voltage, the operating frequency of the master oscillator 9 decreases, which will lead to an increase in the current of the lamp 14, pr optionally to changing the excitation frequency of the resonant circuit 26, thereby stabilizing the current of the lamp 14, i.e. there is a stabilization of power on the lamp 14 within the specified limits, the necessary proportionality is set by the resistor 32 (see Fig.1,4).

3. Current limiting mode

In the event that the lamp 14 is lit and protection is not turned on, the master oscillator 9 continues to operate as if the lamp was ignited. In this case, the signal from the auxiliary protection circuit 29, arriving at the inputs 1,2 of the master oscillator 9, corresponds to a logic level of "0", while the frequency of the master oscillator 9 remains the same and, accordingly, will determine the excitation frequency of the resonant circuit 26. When the lamp 14 lights up , the capacitor 28 of the resonant circuit 26 will be shunted by the working lamp 14, as a result of which the current flowing through the lamp 14 will be limited by the inductance of the inductor 27 of the resonant circuit 26, at the current operating frequency, about defined by external circuits that specify the frequency of operation of the master oscillator 9, which corresponds to the operation of ballasts in the current limiting mode.

4. Protection enable mode

If the emission of cathodes 10-11, 12-13, lamp 14 is lost, the current protection is switched on, which is turned off at the stage of heating the cathodes of the lamp, if lamp 14 does not ignite for a predetermined time (usually 2-3 s), increased compared to the nominal operating mode lamps, currents and voltages during loss of emission of the cathodes of the lamp, fed to the 1st input of the auxiliary protection circuit 29 through the output of the rectifier 31, the generated voltage log. "1" is fed to the 1st input of the master oscillator 9, which leads to the shutdown of the output pulses of the master generator 9, and accordingly, and off iju gear, its repeated insertion and removal is carried energizing voltage.

When the cathodes 10-11, lamp 14 are broken, the increased voltage goes to the 3rd input of the voltage divider 31, and when the cathodes 12-13, the lamp 14 breaks, the increased voltage goes to the 2nd input of the voltage divider 30 and through the 2nd output auxiliary protection circuit 29, the generated voltage log. "1" is supplied to the 2nd input of the master oscillator 9, which leads to the output pulses of the master oscillator 9 being turned off and, accordingly, the ballast is turned off, it is again turned on by restoring the cathode circuit 10-11 or 12 -13 lamps 14 i.e. the ballast is restarted.

The proposed ballast for fluorescent lamps has the ability to adapt to a wide range of input voltage, stability of luminescence and increase the life of fluorescent lamps, without additional complication and a significant increase in the cost of construction.

Claims (1)

A control gear for a fluorescent lamp, containing a power source, a voltage stabilizer, a driving generator, a power converter, a resonant circuit, auxiliary circuits for protecting a fluorescent lamp, characterized in that the device further includes: a voltage divider, a time interval shaper, an electronic switch, a voltage converter - current ", and the voltage divider is simultaneously connected by its input to the power source, with the input of the voltage regulator and the power input of the converter, and the output - with the first input of the electronic switch, the second input of which is connected simultaneously with the output of the voltage regulator and the eighth output of the master oscillator, the third control input - with the output of the time interval shaper, whose input is connected to the capacitor, and the output of the electronic switch - with the first the input of the voltage-current converter, which is connected by its second input to a resistor, and the output to a capacitor and the seventh output of the master oscillator.