RU54171U1 - AUTONOMOUS HYDROPHYSICAL STATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed utility model of an autonomous hydrophysical station (AGS) is designed to measure and register autonomous hydrophysical information on multichannel digital storage devices. The installation of MGAS at the bottom is ensured by free immersion using ballast on the guide and ascent to the surface due to the positive buoyancy of the solid load-bearing housing during separation of the ballast. The AGS consists of a hardware module, a system for determining the location of the AGS and the transfer of operational hydrophysical information to the sea surface, a ballast release system, a hydroacoustic command system and a registration system, preliminary processing and accumulation of hydrophysical information.

Description

The technical solution relates to the constructive implementation of hydrophysical research tools and can be used, for example, in the implementation of environmental monitoring systems, as well as systems for collecting standard hydrophysical information.

When conducting environmental monitoring, various means of hydrophysical observation are widely used, including autonomous hydrophysical stations.

The basic principles of building autonomous stations oriented to work at great depths are given in [Konovalov S.L. The use of autonomous bottom stations as a universal carrier of measuring equipment., Publishing House SE "VNIFTRI", 2000, p.135-139.]. Autonomous hydrophysical stations oriented to work at great depths, as a rule, are a robust equipment carrier body designed for a certain hydrostatic pressure and, accordingly, the maximum working depth. Inside the case there is electronic equipment, power supplies and measuring transducers. Transducers can also be located in remote systems, while communication with the equipment is via cable glands. A fully equipped autonomous station should have positive buoyancy, and immersion is due to the lost ballast weight, fixed to a controlled ballast disconnector. The autonomous hydrophysical station, adopted as a prototype, is equipped with temperature, pressure, electrical conductivity and sound propagation sensors, a multi-channel (16-channel) digital recording and storage system, a telemetric hydroacoustic communication system, a station search system on the sea surface, and an exemption system ballast, a device for program control of operating modes.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the lack of an emergency ascent system, the lack of duplicate systems of the actuator of the ballast release system.

The proposed utility model of an autonomous hydrophysical station (AGS) is designed to measure and record in the bottom layer in an autonomous mode (the actual maximum depth is determined by the smallest working depth of the used hydrophysical and environmental sensors) and at the stages of immersion and ascent of the station, hydrophysical information to digital storage devices. The AGS installation at the bottom is ensured by free immersion using ballast on the guide and ascent to the surface due to the positive buoyancy of the solid load-bearing housing during separation of the ballast. The AGS consists of a hardware module, a system for determining the location of the AGS and the transmission of operational information on the sea surface, a ballast release system, a hydroacoustic command system and a system for registering, preprocessing and accumulating hydrophysical information, various hydrophysical sensors.

The essence of the proposed utility model of the AGS is the constructive implementation of the known principles of building autonomous stations.

Autonomous hydrophysical station is (Fig. 1): equipment carrier (ON) 1, consisting of two spherical hemispheres made of aluminum alloys, tightened by bolts 18 on flanges 17, to ensure tightness on special grooves cut in a circle, two sealing rings 16. Inside HA 1, there are installed: on the upper hemisphere a hydroacoustic unit (BGA) 5, a unit for determining orientation 4-1 and tilt 4-2 (UN), an on-board computing unit (BVU) 2, installed using instrument ring 19; on the lower hemisphere, the power supply 3, the tightness sensor 20, the urgency device (PS) 9 and the disconnector 6 (the executive part with the backup mechanism is brought out to a special area of the lower hemisphere). Outside, in the upper hemisphere, at the site, a high-frequency receiver (transceiver sonar device) 11 is installed, designed for a hydroacoustic command system (GAX), a pressure sensor (DD) 14, which determines the current immersion depth of the station, conductivity sensor (DE) 10, and a temperature sensor (DT) ) 7, electromagnetic flow sensor (EDT) (coordinate X 21-1, coordinate U 21-2), acoustic sensor of sound propagation velocity (ADZ) 8, antenna of a radar reflector and radio transmitter (RA) 12, flashing beacon (P M) 13, the antenna of the subscriber terminal of the Gonets satellite communication system (CCC) 30 (Fig. 4) with the GLONASS space navigation system (SRNS) 15. The executive part of the disconnector 6, which is connected with the ballast 6-10, is attached to the lower hemisphere through the guide (cable) 6-8. The guide is made of two pieces of cable, which are connected using a swivel 6-9.

Power source 3 is assembled from lithium rechargeable batteries, which currently provide the maximum capacity per unit unit weight and size characteristics of the batteries. The power source is installed so that the center of gravity of the assembled station is located on the lower hemisphere to ensure the stability of the station on the sea surface. The tightness sensor 20 represents two contacts that, when interacting with seawater, close the circuit. The tightness sensor is located at the lower point of the lower hemisphere, thus ensuring monitoring of the tightness of the station (when a leak is detected, the circuit closes, thereby giving a command to emergencyly emerge to the control unit of the actuator actuator (UIM) of the circuit breaker) (see. In Fig. ) The stand-alone urgency device 9 is an electronic timer with an autonomous power source for directly actuating the actuator of the circuit breaker in action 6, duplicating the software device 29 in the BVI 2.

The actuator of the circuit breaker (IMR) 6 is an electromechanical device designed to connect the unit with the ballast during immersion and separation of the ballast at the ascent of the station. IMR (figure 2) consists of a console 6-5, two triggers 6-3 (one of them acts as a backup) and a lever 6-4. IMR is installed externally on the lower hemisphere ON 1, in the central hole, which includes the shank of the console 6-5 with a radial ring seal 6-2, and is fastened with a nut 6-1. The lever 6-4, the short arm of which is loaded with force from the weight of the ballast 8 and the force of the stretched rubber cord 6-7, is mounted on the axis 6-6 and is kept from turning relative to the console 6-5 by two triggers

mechanisms 6-3. When one of the triggers 6-3 is triggered, the lever 6-4 is released and, under the action of forces on the short shoulder, rotates, disconnecting from the ballast.

BGA 5 consists of a module of the hydroacoustic command system (GAX) (Fig.) Designed for:

- receiving hydroacoustic commands and transmitting hydrophysical information via the hydroacoustic communication channel;

GAX allows you to:

- transmit control commands from the supply vessel to the AGS;

- transmit from the AGS to the ship’s receiving and processing complex (SPOK) a “receipt” on the receipt and execution of control commands at the bottom station;

- transmit from the AGS to the SPOK (upon request) digital information about the registered signals;

- transmit telemetry information from the AGS to the SPOK about the operation of the AGS system and nodes and the execution of the received commands;

- search and determine the location of the AGS at the bottom relative to the vessel;

- transmit to the ship about the detected failures in the GAKS equipment. Characteristics of the exchange signals between SPOK and AGS:

- the exchange of signals between the vessel and the AGS is carried out in the range of operating frequencies from 10 to 40 kHz;

- working frequency band - 1 kHz;

- signals are transmitted synchronously by the method of relative phase modulation at a speed of 200 Baud;

- separation of signals between AGS - code;

- the number of control commands transmitted to each AGS is up to 31;

- control commands are issued to the program control and storage unit of the AGS in the form of 16-bit words;

- the number of receipts transmitted from the ACS to the vessel on receipt and execution of control commands by the bottom station - up to 31. The receipt contains data on the station number, number of the received command and its execution. The information storage (NI) 35, which is part of the on-board computing unit (BVU) 2 is intended primarily for the accumulation of registered hydrophysical information (figure 3):

- pre-processing of registered information with a filter-amplifier 24.23;

- analog-to-digital conversion of information 25;

- averaging the digitized information, storing information in the buffer memory of the RAM 26, then in the non-volatile storage device CF 27 and HDD 28.

The system of accumulation of registered data is based on a single-board microcomputer Persior CF-1. CF-1 is based on Motorola MC68SK338 microcontroller and includes 1 Mb flash memory for data and programs, as well as 256 Kb of static RAM 26. For non-volatile data storage, a Compact Flash (CF) 27 card with a capacity of 16 Mb or more is used. CF-1 comes with its own Pico DOS operating system, which allows you to create a file system on a Compact Flash card,

compatible with MS DOS. For the development of target programs, the Metrowerks Code Warrior Pro C / C ++ compiler was used.

As a data storage device, 2.5 HDD 28 with a capacity of 18 GB is used, which is connected to the CF-1 through the expansion card Persistor Big IDEA. The data storage system software is a set of three independent programs. They are located in three different areas of flash memory and are used for various purposes. The settings accumulation program Settings allows you to view and set such registration parameters as the number of channels (up to 64 channels), sampling frequency (the sampling frequency in this utility model is set to 1 Hz), data buffer sizes, diagnostic modes without recompiling and restarting the accumulation program. The registration duration for 64 channel continuous recording mode at a sampling frequency of 1 Hz reaches up to 6 months. The utility model in the considered embodiment (Fig. 3) uses only eight channels (DD 14, DT 7, DE 10, two channels EDT 21, ADZ 8, data from the tilt sensor compass from UN unit 4). It is possible to connect other hydrophysical sensors that measure, for example, the oxygen content, pH, redox, chlorophyll, rhodamine, petroleum products, phenols, etc. In order to reduce energy consumption during the accumulation process, a two-stage buffer is used. Data from the ADC 25 is accumulated in a buffer located in RAM 26. After filling this buffer, all its contents are transferred to a larger buffer, which is located in a special section of Compact Flash 27. When the buffer located in Compact Flash is full, the HDD 28 controller and contents are turned on. The buffer is transferred to the file. After recording the file, the HDD turns off. Such a cycle by an autonomous station is repeated many times until the work is completed.

In BVI 2 also includes the following blocks (figure 4): a software device 29, a block of satellite communications system (CCC) 30, a direction finding and location unit (PL) 31, a control unit for the actuator of the disconnector (UIM) 34.

The software device 29 is a microcontroller that controls all the AGS devices according to a given program or by a command received via a hydroacoustic communication channel or via a radio channel (on the surface).

According to the signal from the pressure sensor (DD) 14 in the above-water position, the PU 29 includes a flashing beacon (PM) 13, a bearing and location unit (PL) 31, a satellite communications system unit (CCC) 30. The PL 31 unit through the antenna 12 periodically emits a continuous tone the signal at the frequency of a standard ship direction finder, interrupted by a coded message containing a conditional station number, is at the same time ready to reflect the location signal from a standard radar, which makes it possible to clearly mark the station's location on the sea surface. In the underwater position, according to the signal from DD 14, the PU 29 turns off the submarines 31 and CCC 30.

PU 29 according to the program turns on or off the unit of the hydroacoustic command system (GAX) 32, which is part of the unit of hydroacoustic (BGA) 5, executes all the commands received using the block GAKS 32, and, if necessary, transmits through the block GAKS 32 using the receiver 11

requested information. In addition, PU 29 controls the accumulation modes of NI 35 according to a given program, at a given time issues a command UIM 34 to reset the ballast. If the data with DD 14 is exceeded by a limit value, for example, 1000 meters, or when a leak is detected using the tightness sensor 20, or by a command received via the hydroacoustic communication channel using GAKS 32 PU 29, it also issues a command UIM 34 to turn on the actuator of the circuit breaker 6 ( i.e. ballast discharge).

The stand-alone urgency device 9 is an electronic timer with an autonomous power source, not connected to the BVI 2, directly supplying the necessary electrical impulse to the actuator of the circuit breaker 6. At a given point in time, the urgency device 9 issues, regardless of the software device 29, the necessary electrical pulse to the actuator of the circuit breaker 6.

At the bottom of the station, the distance between the stations, as well as the slant distance between the vessel and individual stations, are determined by the program or by command from the GAKS using the distance measuring system (LED) 33.

Block (CCC) 30 using the SRNS 15 antenna allows the supplying vessel, which searches for a station on the sea surface, on the basis of the GLONASS satellite radio navigation system, to determine the location of the station, in addition, using CCC 30, by radio command from the providing vessel, it can be hydrophysical information was quickly transferred to a research center, which can be located almost anywhere on the earth.

The work of MGAS is as follows.

On board the supply vessel, before the launch of the MGAS, a full training cycle takes place, including the inclusion and testing of various units and blocks, entering the station work program into the software device 29, setting the response time of the actuator 6 on the urgency device 9. After the AGS preparation cycle from the supply vessel of the next step, 1-2 knots are taken overboard using an on-board crane and dumped ON 1 with ballast 8. From this moment, the AGS begins to sink at an average speed of 1.6 m / s. The sealed container ON 1 (Fig. 1), made of aluminum alloys, produces a “soft” addition using a guide 6-8 to the bottom. After drowning, the AGS according to the program with PU 29 or by command with GAKS 32 performs registration, preliminary processing and accumulation of hydrophysical information. A mode for recording hydrophysical information at the stage of immersion and ascent of the AGS is provided. According to the program with PU 29 or by command with GAKS 32, the accumulated hydrophysical information can be transmitted through the hydroacoustic channel using GAKS 32.

When commands are received from the providing vessel to the GAKS 32 unit via the hydroacoustic communication channel, the commands are executed PU 29. After completion of the work program laid down in the PU 29, the software device, either by the program or by the GAKS 32 command, gives the UIM 34 command to return the ballast. In case of failure of the command, the command for resetting directly to ИМР 6 can be duplicated from the stand-alone urgent device 9. Emergency ascent of the gas station can be carried out in case of station leakage by signal

from the tightness sensor 20, in case of exceeding the immersion depth of the limit value of 6000 m by a signal from DD 14 and by command through a hydroacoustic communication channel through the GAKS 32 unit.

After surfacing, the station turns on the flashing beacon 13 (at night), starts transmitting the radio signal of the bearing through the antenna 12 of the radar reflector and the radio transmitter, the encoded signal through the antenna of the SRNS 15. In the case of receiving a signal from the ship's radar, the antenna 12 also starts to work in the active reflector mode. The detected station is selected to board the vessel using a float 22 with a selective halyard. After the sampling of the station, a series of post-test tests are carried out, then the station is opened and NI 24 is excavated in order to process the data.

Claims (6)

1. Autonomous hydrophysical station (AGS), containing a robust housing - equipment carrier with a power source located inside the carrier, measuring transducers, sensors (pressure, temperature, electrical conductivity, sound propagation velocity, leakage), a multichannel system for recording and storing information, sonar command system communication system, a station search system on the sea surface, a ballast release system, a device for program control of station operation modes, characterized the fact that the hydrophysical information storage system uses a two-stage buffer located in RAM and in a special section of Compact Flash. 2. The autonomous hydrophysical station according to claim 1, characterized in that the 64-channel recording and accumulation system is used in the hydrophysical information storage system. 3. The autonomous hydrophysical station according to claim 1, characterized in that an electromagnetic flow sensor with an orientation and inclination unit is used. 4. The autonomous hydrophysical station according to claim 1, characterized in that in the ballast release system, an actuator of a breaker with two triggers is used. 5. The autonomous hydrophysical station according to claim 1, characterized in that the urgency device, pressure sensor, leak detector, leakage sensor and sonar command system are used in the ballast release system. 6. Autonomous hydrophysical station according to claim 1, characterized in that in the station search system on the sea surface an active radar reflector and a subscriber terminal of the GONETS satellite communication system with the GLONASS space navigation system are used.