RU54602U1 - FRAME UNIT FOR BUILDING DESIGN - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model can be used in any frame structures, trusses and structures for industrial and civil structures. In addition, the frame block for the wall panel can be used as a power element made of wood, which can withstand significant loads in long building structures, namely, as supporting wall blocks, beams, racks, supports, fencing elements and the like building structures. Frame block for building construction, made in the form of a hollow block, including external longitudinal elements and connecting elements located at a certain distance from each other. Characterized in that it is equipped with hollow blocks assembled from spatially spaced rod structures (PRSC) with a rigid dimensional chain and connecting elements. Each PRSC with a rigid dimensional chain is symmetrical with respect to its vertical and / or horizontal axes and includes rod elements, transverse ties and adhesive joints, and rod elements are load bearing and are wooden bars fixed in transverse ties by means of an adhesive joint, or with tangential side, either from the side of the radial cut or with a combined method of their orientation, depending on the specified humidity of the core elements and the conditions for minimizing pressure in the adhesive connection, the ratio of the height of the bars to its length and width, respectively, is from 10 to 12. The core elements in the horizontal layer are combined into load-bearing links that are spaced from each other with a given step, providing rigid dimensional chains in accordance with a given load on the frame block, and include an odd number of load-bearing links, which provides overlapping PRS with each other in the vertical rows of the frame block. Bearing links are provided with mounting places for connecting elements, PRKS adhesive joints have an adhesive contact area of 100 to 1600 sq. mm, and the connecting elements of each hollow block provide PRKS fastening in the frame block to each other both in horizontal and vertical layers, and some of the connecting elements are made in the form of compensating connecting elements.

Description

The utility model can be used in any frame structures, trusses and structures for industrial and civil structures.

In addition, the frame block for the wall panel can be used as a power element made of wood, which can withstand significant loads in long building structures, namely, as supporting wall blocks, beams, racks, supports, fencing elements and the like building structures.

The frame block is a prefabricated building structure, which has a large bearing capacity, increased rigidity and strength of the wooden structure and provides the ability to fasten the heat-insulating material in the frame block. In particular, the frame block can be used in structures for the construction of walls from individual hollow blocks with insulation, as well as facade wall panels for, for example, buildings with ventilated facades.

The invention is known "Wooden glued farm and method of its manufacture", patent RU 2196865, publ. 2003.01.20, IPC E 04 C 3/14, containing a connecting grid fixed between the waist elements in two mutually perpendicular planes. The invention allows to increase the rigidity and strength of wooden frame structures, however, it is necessary to manufacture complex in form of connecting elements in the form of gear spikes and grooves corresponding to them in shape. In addition, it is required to use ripe, high-quality wood with a high modulus of elasticity in the most stressed sections, which significantly increases the cost and complicates the assembly process.

The invention is known "Prefabricated building", patent RU No. 2204668, publ. 2003.05.20, IPC E 04 C 3/12, E 04 B 1/10, containing a hollow block consisting of longitudinal elements located in vertical rows at a certain distance from each other with the formation of a cavity - the longitudinal elements in each row are fastened in height, adjacent rows of longitudinal elements are interconnected by at least one connecting element, in each row on

the distance from each other is vertical through and / or blind holes and / or grooves for installation of clamps in them. The invention allows the manufacture of prefabricated building structures, however, they have insufficient strength and rigidity, and also have a limitation when used as independent modules when used in construction.

The invention is known "Prefabricated wall structure", patent RU No. 2225485 publ. 2004.03.10, IPC E 04 B 2/16, containing rigid connecting elements. The design allows you to build walls from individual hollow blocks without mortar, reduce the complexity, cost and simplify the construction of walls. However, they do not allow significantly simplifying the design of the block while increasing its bearing capacity, as well as fixing the heat-insulating material inside the block.

The invention is known "Method for the manufacture of glued wooden structures", patent RU No. 2231442, publ. 2004.06.27, IPC B 27 M 1/02, in which the structure includes rails or bars spaced a certain distance. The invention allows to simplify the manufacture of the structure, but does not solve the problem of increasing the bearing capacity of the structure.

The invention is known "Glued wooden beam", patent RU No. 2266376 publ. 2005.12.20, IPC E 04 C 3/12, consisting of a package of boards glued together and longitudinal inserts with the formation of n hollow chambers. The invention allows to reduce the internal stresses of the wood fibers, but does not increase the rigidity and load-bearing capacity of the structure due to the dispersion of the external load on the component parts.

The invention is known "Wooden glued farm and method of its manufacture", application RU No.2000116751, publ. 2002.07.20, IPC E 04 C 3/12, including a connecting lattice enclosed between the waist layers and fixed between the waist elements in two mutually perpendicular planes. However, the invention does not solve the problem of constructing rigid dimensional chains through an adhesive joint by dividing the external load by dispersing it into its constituent parts using the properties of wood to form them.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is the invention "Element of wall construction", application RU No. 2004112510, publ. 2005.10.20, IPC E 04 C 3/14, made in the form of a hollow block, including two external longitudinal elements (longitudinal strands) and connecting elements located at a certain distance from each other. However, the invention does not solve the problem of constructing rigid dimensional chains through an adhesive joint by dividing the external load by dispersing it into its constituent parts using the properties of wood to form them.

At present, there is a need to manufacture lightweight, inexpensive wall block designs that can withstand loads comparable to the load-bearing capacity of, for example, concrete wall blocks, but have good thermal insulation characteristics, and ensure easy assembly of such wall blocks during construction due to modular assembly and could be used as load-bearing building structures, which at the same time do not require additional insulation of the building. And it is also necessary to solve the problem of the simultaneous use of such structures as facade panels for warming the facade of a building.

To solve this problem, the division of the external load is traditionally used by dispersing it into its component parts, which in turn act on individual rod elements in the so-called spatially separated rod structures (PRSC). However, these designs do not use PRSC with rigid dimensional chains, and also do not use the properties of the wood itself to form rigid dimensional chains through an adhesive joint. However, rigid dimensional chains can only be ensured when the rigid form of the frame structure is implemented; rigidity is ensured by rigid joints. However, with various linear extensions in mutually perpendicular directions along the slice, the task of ensuring a rigid connection of such parts is fundamental. For frame blocks made of wood, only an adhesive joint with a certain area of the adhesive spot can be considered a rigid joint. All other methods of joining wood, for example, using dowels, nails, grooves or teeth, cannot be considered rigid because of the ability of wood to significantly change its size depending on the direction of the fibers and humidity.

In addition, in the known structures do not use built-in connecting elements that allow you to assemble functionally complete building blocks from individual PRSKs.

Thus, the technical result of the proposed utility model is the creation of a frame structure for building structures, for example, blocks using PRSC with rigid dimensional chains by gluing together individual structural elements, as well as using the properties of wood in the formation of rigid dimensional chains to ensure structural stability. In addition, modular assembly of wall panels is achieved.

This technical result is achieved as follows.

The frame block for the building structure is made in the form of a hollow block, including external longitudinal elements (longitudinal strands) located at a certain distance from each other and connecting elements. The frame block is characterized in that it is equipped with hollow blocks assembled from spatially spaced rod structures (PRSC) with a rigid dimensional chain and connecting elements. Moreover, each PRSK with a rigid dimensional chain is symmetrical with respect to its vertical and / or horizontal axes and includes rod elements, transverse strands and adhesive joints, and PRSK rod elements with rigid dimensional chains are load-bearing, and are wooden bars fixed in transverse strands by means of adhesive bonding, either from the tangential side, or from the radial cut side, or with a combined method of their orientation, depending on the specified humidity of the rod eve elements and conditions for minimizing stresses in the adhesive joint. The ratio of the height of the bars to its length and width, respectively, is from 10 to 12. The core elements are combined into load-bearing links that are spaced from each other with a given pitch, providing rigid dimensional chains in accordance with a given load on the frame block and include an odd number of bearing links that provides overlapping PRSK among themselves in the vertical rows of the frame block. Bearing links are provided with mounting places for connecting elements (pins). PRKS adhesive joints have an adhesive contact area of 100 to 1600 sq. Mm, and the connecting elements (pins) of the hollow block provide PRKS fastening in the frame block with each other, as

in horizontal and vertical layers. The connecting elements can be located relative to the supporting links PRSK both parallel and at an angle, or perpendicular to them. Moreover, part of the connecting elements (pins) is made in the form of compensating connecting elements. In the frame block, the size of the PRSC with a rigid dimensional chain is, in particular, selected from the calculation of the geometry of the frame block of the wall panel. In a skeleton block, PRKS carrier links can have geometric dimensions based on the geometrical dimensions of the core elements, which are calculated depending on the required size of the skeleton block, which consists of PRKS with rigid dimensional chains connected into horizontal and / or vertical layers. PRSK bearing links with rigid dimensional chains in the frame block can be spatially fixed with the formation of dimensional chains with a fixed or variable pitch of the bearing links. The distance between the PRSC core elements with rigid dimensional chains can be equal in the dimensional chain to the double width of the carrier link. Compensatory connecting elements (pins) can be located, for example, in the central parts of the PRSK. Rod elements (pins) can be located between the transverse strands along the dimension chain in the vertical rows at an angle of either 135 degrees or 45, and in the horizontal rows of the frame block at an angle of 90 degrees. In the connecting elements, structurally, it may be possible to compensate for gaps in the connection between the PRSK by laying, for example, extruded physically crosslinked polyethylene foam located in the cross section of the connecting element diagonally over the entire length of the element.

This technical solution is illustrated by the following drawings.

Figure 1 - the main view of the frame block of the wall panel a) without heat-insulating plates, in a local section, the connecting element is not conventionally shown; b) with heat-insulating plates.

Figure 2 is a top view of the frame block

Figure 3 - PRSK element with strands and rod elements, forming supporting links connected in rigid dimensional chains in vertical rows at an angle of 45 degrees a) side view; b) top view. For ease of reference only

the central row defining a dimensional chain. The side rows of the PRSC are not conventionally shown in the figure.

Fig. 4 is a top view of a PRKS with strands and rod elements forming supporting links connected in rigid dimensional chains in horizontal rows of the frame block at an angle of 90 degrees between the rod elements a) with a constant pitch of the bearing links; b) with a variable pitch of the bearing links. Only the central rows are shown, without side rows.

Figure 5 is a section along the stain of gluing rod elements and cords a) from the side of the tangential cut, b) from the side of the radial cut.

6 is a longitudinal section of a frame block of a wall panel from assembled together PRSC with rigid dimensional chains, connected by connecting elements

7 is a cross section of PRSC with rigid dimensional chains fastened together by connecting elements

Frame structures for building panels are of two types. Frame structures in which the height and width of the panel are comparable (Figure 1) and frame structures in which the height of the panel is much less than its width (Figure 3). Frame structures of the first type are called wall panels, and structures of the second type are called trusses, ceilings, beams.

The proposed technical solution allows to carry load-bearing building structures of wood with a bearing capacity not inferior to the bearing capacity of building panels, for example, of concrete, while using the properties of wood, which is manifested in adhesive joints. At the same time, these building panels are more environmentally friendly, lighter and more ergonomic. They allow the use of thermal insulation, which is fixed in the frame block (see Fig.1b).

Wall panels have from two or more vertical layers and the same number of horizontal layers. (Fig. 1a) A farm has one or two vertical layers and several times more horizontal layers. (See Fig. 3a, b). The wall panel consists of finished PRKS blocks. In the figure, all the blocks are shown in full, together with the side rows.

Moreover, both of them across are arranged as follows. Between the two transverse strands (1), the rod elements (2) are perpendicular to the strands (1). Each core element (2) is rigidly connected to the tie rod (1) by means of an adhesive joint (3). Moreover, the area of the adhesive contact should be at least 100 mm ² and not more than 1600 mm ² . This is due to the fact that for the organization of rigid dimensional chains, it is necessary to provide a rigid connection that does not change when internal stresses occur in the material of the core elements and cords along the gluing spot. Since the forces arising in the adhesive joint due to different values of the compression and tensile coefficients in the tangential and radial section of the bars acting as bar elements and cords are destructive stresses for this adhesive joint, the size of the adhesive contact area cannot be more than 1600 mm ² Otherwise, the adhesive joint may break and will not meet the requirement of a rigid adhesive joint. This process is enhanced by the varying humidity of the core elements, both among themselves and with respect to the strands. However, an adhesive section area of less than 400 mm ² will not provide the required stiffness of the connection, which is necessary for organizing rigid dimensional chains.

Each core element (2) is made in the form of a bar, the height of which should not exceed a value of 10-12 to its length or width. This aspect ratio of the bar of the core element provides the necessary stability of the core element and the absence of torque in the adhesive joint. The real transition from fracture of the material to loss of stability during longitudinal compression is calculated using the Euler formula. It is known that the region of loss of stability during compression occurs when the ratio of the length to the thickness of the rod is in the range from 5 to 10. (D. Gordon, “Designs or why things don't break,” Mir Publishing House, Moscow, 1980.)

Euler's formula refers to the case when the rod is hinged and can rotate freely. Everything that prevents the ends of the rod from turning leads to an increase in the critical load of buckling. In the extreme case, when both ends of the rod are rigidly sealed, the critical load increases 4 times. When organizing rigid dimensional chains using adhesive bonding, we have an intermediate option due to the bonding of vertical rods and transverse strands, in which internal stresses in the rods are minimized, but the property of the material to expand is used. To get the source

the ratio of the length of the rod to the thickness in the structure is additionally added a longitudinal strand located in the middle of the vertical rods.

In the proposed utility model, a ratio of 10 to 12 is chosen, assuming that this value is optimal when combining material savings in construction, its rigidity, and adhesive bond strength.

Rod elements (2) are load-bearing elements. They are combined, for example, in pairs in the supporting links (Fig.7). Thus, the supporting links provide additional rigidity to the adhesive joints (3), since they are, together with part of the tie (1), frame structures that act as amplifiers. Bearing links (4) placed in the transverse link (1) at the calculated distance "A" (Fig. 4a, b), provide not only the division of the external load by dispersing it into its component parts, which in turn act on individual rod elements, but also the use of the properties of wood to form rigid dimensional chains through an adhesive joint. Thus, PRSC (5) with rigid dimensional chains differ from traditional PRSC in that in the proposed device, the building panels provide a rigid connection in places of transmission of dispersed external load. Rigid dimensional chains can be with a constant pitch (A), for example, for wall panels, and with a variable pitch, for example, for trusses. The choice of step depends on the operating conditions of the frame blocks of building panels. Thus, the organization of rigid dimensional chains between the bearing links is achieved, which allows to significantly increase the bearing loads on the frame block, for example, to concrete panels that are comparable with the bearing loads. In addition, the rigidity of the frame block, i.e. the constancy of its shape, which is important when attaching a heat-insulating material.

Each PRKS (5) with a rigid dimensional chain is symmetrical about its axes, either in the horizontal or vertical directions, which provides modular assembly for different types of panels, both for wall panels and for trusses. In addition, when combining individual PRKS in the vertical and horizontal rows of the frame block, they overlap each other (Figure 1). Overlapping PRKS reach due to the odd number of bearing links in PRKS. The size of an individual PRSC is determined taking into account the convenience of its use both in farms and in wall panels. As the main dimensions, the size 600 × 400 × 140 mm was chosen, there are also horizontal and vertical halves of the PRKS equal to 300 × 400 × 140 mm and 600 × 200 × 140 mm. In practice, for reasons of manufacturability

designs, minimum dimensions of one link 60 × 60 mm. Most often in the transverse direction, a ratio of 60 × 140 mm is used. Dimensions are based on transverse cords. For example, the distance between the PRKS supporting links in a rigid dimensional chain is chosen equal to the double link length and is 120 mm.

Using the properties of wood in the formation of rigid dimensional chains ensures structural stability and significantly reduces the cost and simplifies its assembly. The connection of the bars in the tangential and radial direction of the slices, or in their combination in horizontal and vertical PRKS layers, does not affect the stability of the structure due to the perpendicular, relative to the bearing links, rod elements (2) located in the horizontal layer. This is due to significantly smaller changes in the linear dimensions for wood of various varieties (on average 100 times) in the fractional than in the radial or tangential directions, with a change in the humidity of the surrounding air. Accordingly, in the vertical layers of the PRSC can have rod elements at an angle of 135 or 45 degrees.

The bearing links are provided with mounting places ("a") for the connecting elements (6). The connecting elements (6) provide fastening PRSK (5) in the frame block with each other in both horizontal and vertical rows (layers) (Fig.6). The bars of the rod elements during the assembly of the structure do not need to be selected according to the cut relative to the connecting elements due to the compensating connecting elements. They are made, for example, with a diagonal cut along the entire length of the connecting element with a gasket made of elastic material, for example, extruded polyethylene foam, physically crosslinked.

Thus, the main difference is the distribution of the external load between the rod elements, with the subsequent simultaneous minimization of internal stresses.

Thus, a frame structure for building structures, for example, blocks using PRSK with rigid dimensional chains by means of adhesive bonding of individual structural elements, as well as the use of the properties of wood in the formation of rigid dimensional chains to ensure structural stability, is implemented. In addition, the possibility of modular assembly of wall panels is achieved.

Claims (8)

1. Frame block for building construction, made in the form of a hollow block, including external longitudinal elements and connecting elements located at a certain distance from each other, characterized in that it is equipped with hollow blocks assembled from spatially separated rod structures (PRSC) with a rigid dimensional chain and connecting elements, each PRSC with a rigid dimensional chain is symmetrical about its vertical and / or horizontal axes and includes rod elements, transverse strands and cl Fusion joints, and the core elements, are load bearing and are wooden bars fixed in transverse strands by means of an adhesive joint, either from the tangential side, or from the radial cut side, or with a combined method of their orientation, depending on the specified humidity of the core elements and conditions for minimizing stresses in the adhesive joint, while the ratio of the height of the bars to its length and width, respectively, is from 10 to 12, the core elements in the horizontal layer combined into carrier links that are spaced from each other with a given step, providing rigid dimensional chains in accordance with a given load on the frame block, and include an odd number of carrier links, which ensures overlapping PRKS among themselves in the vertical rows of the frame block, the carrier links are equipped with installation locations for connecting members, adhesive compounds have PRSC adhesive contact area from 100 to 1600 mm ^2, and the coupling elements of each of the hollow block, provide fastening frame PRSCs block each other both in horizontal and in vertical layers, wherein a portion of the connecting element is designed as a compensating coupling elements. 2. The frame block according to claim 1, characterized in that the size of the PRSC in the frame block is selected based on the geometry of the frame block of the wall panel. 3. The skeleton block according to claim 1, characterized in that the PRKS bearing links have geometric dimensions based on the geometrical dimensions of the core elements, which are calculated depending on the required size of the skeleton block, which consists of rigid PRKS with horizontal and / or vertical layers dimensional chains. 4. The frame block according to claim 1, characterized in that the PRKS carrier links with rigid dimensional chains in the frame block are spatially fixed with the formation of dimensional chains with a fixed or variable pitch of the carrier links. 5. The frame block according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the PRSC core elements with rigid dimensional chains is equal in the dimensional chain to the double width of the carrier link. 6. The frame unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the compensating connecting elements are located in the Central parts of the PRSC. 7. The frame block according to claim 1, characterized in that the core elements are located between the transverse strands along the dimension chain in vertical rows at an angle of either 135 ° or 45, and in the horizontal rows of the frame block at an angle of 90 °. 8. The frame block according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting elements are structurally provided for the possibility of compensating for gaps in the connection between the PRSK by laying, for example, extruded physically crosslinked polyethylene foam located in the cross section of the connecting element diagonally along the entire length of the element.