RU51827U1 - KOPTILNY DRYING UNIT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to smoke-drying plants and can be used for drying, drying, hot and cold smoking of fish products. The essence of the utility model: according to the principle of operation, the chamber installation of periodic action consists of a thermally insulated housing 1, which includes five compartments 2, each of which is driven by a cart 4 with fish through a separate door 3 into guides 5. The compartments 2 are not completely separated by partitions 6, but have channels 8 that provide alternating movement of the coolant from the bottom up and down in relation to the fish in the carts 4. Electric heaters 7 are installed at the entrance to the chamber to heat the incoming gas-air mixture to a predetermined temperature. In each channel 8 there are electroheaters 9 to maintain the specified temperature conditions of the fish processing process. The installation has a recirculation system for supplying a gas-air mixture. The fan 11 is designed to inject into the installation through the mixing chamber 10 fresh air and smoke, as well as a recirculation gas-air mixture, partially directed into the mixing chamber by the fan 12. An exhaust fan 12, installed at the outlet of the installation, is also intended to direct part of the exhaust gas-air mixture for disposal . All pipelines are equipped with valves (GK1-GK4) for regulating the flow or removal of coolant. To process fish with smoke, a smoke generator 13 is connected to the mixing chamber 10. The operation of the installation is controlled from block 14.

Description

The utility model relates to technological equipment for the fishing industry, namely, to smoke-drying plants and can be used for drying, drying, hot and cold smoking of fish products.

A known installation for the production of dried and smoked fish products (US Pat. RF No. 2178253, MPK-7 A 23 B 4/044, application. September 11, 2000; publ. January 20, 2002), which is a tunnel chamber with guide rails attached to its inner side walls along which carriers with fish move. The camera and the guides are made along a helical line with the ability to move carriers due to gravity without the aid of a drive. The carriers are two axes (one of which is inserted into the other (hollow) and fixed with locking bolts) connecting the support rollers in the rolling bearings. The installation has nozzles for supplying and removing the air-gas mixture and doors for loading and unloading the product. In the production of dried, cold or hot smoked fish, the installation consists, respectively, of one, two or three similar tunnel chambers, connected by a casing.

The disadvantages of this installation are:

- the complexity of installation in single-storey industrial buildings with a low floor height when using it for hot smoking (three chambers in height);

- it is impossible to accurately control the duration of the heat treatment due to the lack of a drive that allows you to change the speed of the media inside the camera;

- difficult cleaning of the inner surface of the chamber from flowing fish oil and resinous substances;

- increased duration of the process of stringing fish on the axis of the carriers (possible only by hand) compared with the stringing of fish on rods (where mechanization is possible);

- a constant increase in the coefficient of friction of rolling bearings against guides (channels) as a result of sticking of resinous substances on them during operation, as well as the possibility of a quick failure of bearings during operation in an aggressive environment;

- inconvenience with the frequent need for the transition from the drying process to cold or hot smoking due to the need to change the number of chambers (installation height).

A known installation for smoking food products (US Pat. RF No. 2032346, MPK-6 A 23 V 4/044, application. 25.02.91; publ. 10.04.95), including a chamber with a pipe for supplying smoke and a gas exhaust pipe, heaters in the lower parts of the chamber, smoke generator with a heater and a hopper for sawdust. The camera contains a cart with the processed product. There are no fans in the installation, while the smoke-air mixture is fed into the chamber due to the gradients of heat and mass transfer. The spent flue-air mixture is discharged into the water trap through a pipeline, where resinous substances also flow down the second pipeline.

The disadvantages of this installation are as follows:

- the appropriateness of its use mainly only for the processing of meat and sausage products, since the latter can be successfully processed at a sufficiently high relative humidity in the chamber;

- the absence in the installation of devices for preparing the mixture with the desired parameters (air conditioning or mixing chamber) does not imply an adjustment of the relative humidity in the chamber. Resulting product

will be processed at a sufficiently high relative humidity of the coolant, which is unacceptable when smoking fish products.

Known thermo-smoking installation for heat treatment of meat, sausages and fish (US Pat. RF No. 2142709, MPK-6 A 23 B 4/044, 4/005, application. 26.03.98; publ. 20.12.99), including a thermally insulated chamber with the door. Inside the chamber there is a casing with perforated panels. In the upper part of the chamber in the recirculation manifolds there is a fan, on the suction window of which there is an ejector connected to the casing. Inside the casing there is a nozzle for supplying coolant into the chamber and a nozzle for water injection. The air duct is made in the form of a bend with a sump and a fitting for condensate drain. Between the walls of the chamber and the casing in the upper part of the installation are electric heaters. In the rear wall of the chamber there is an opening with a pipe for discharging the exhaust gas-air mixture for disposal. The chamber is connected to a smoke generator, at the outlet of which a spark arrester, a smoke filter and a cooler are installed. The unit is designed for heat treatment of products in a vapor-air and smoke-air environment.

The disadvantages of the installation are:

- design complexity and significant metal consumption per unit area;

- imperfection of the smoke generation system: in the “cigarette” type smoke generators, unregulated high-temperature pyrolysis of wood occurs, as a result of which an increased amount of carcinogenic substances is released and additional equipment for smoke cleaning is required;

- the difficulty of controlling the relative humidity of the coolant in the chamber, especially maintaining it at a low level, makes it difficult

application for processing fish to obtain a high-quality finished product, so it is advisable to use it for heat treatment of sausages and meat products.

The closest according to the principle of distribution of the gas-air path relative to fish in trolleys are unified smoking-drying plants of the Kverner-Brook type (Romanov A.A., Stroganova E.K., Zinina I.E. Handbook of technological equipment for fish processing industries / Ed. Candidate of Technical Sciences A. A. Romanova. - M.: Food Industry, 1979. - T. 2 - 278 p., see p. 24-25). They are intended mainly for hot smoked fish in sprat production. Carts with fish move through the tunnel using a chain traction device. The configuration of the tunnel and the location of the carts provide forced alternate movement of gases up and down relative to the fish in the frame. Each truck with its front wall overlaps the cross section of the tunnel, forming vertical channels. The installation is equipped with fireboxes, each of which has a mixing chamber for regulating the temperature of the gases formed during the pyrolysis of wood. Flue gases from the furnaces to the tunnel are introduced in different places (conditional zones of heat treatment with different temperature conditions). Fire chambers serve as a heat source to compensate for the temperature that decreased when external air penetrated through the tunnel outlet, to provide the tunnel with heat when processing fish, and also as a smoke generator when smoking fish. To fill the furnaces with gases and to circulate them in the tunnel, one centrifugal fan is installed.

Its disadvantages are as follows:

- the impossibility of adjusting the speed of the gases in separate heat treatment zones (since the hood is carried out by a single fan);

- accumulation of carcinogenic substances in the product as a result of direct contact of the products of wood burning with fish;

- low quality of finished products (semi-finished hot smoked for canned food) due to the difficulty of adjusting and fixing the required operating parameters of the process in individual zones ;.

- the formation as a result of the operation of significant gaps between the end shields of adjacent bogies, which leads to a violation of the uniform distribution of the gas-air duct in the tunnel;

- the unevenness of the temperature field in the tunnel leads to overheating of a part of the fish and the defect "padanets" and, accordingly, product losses;

- bulkiness of furnaces and imperfection of the system of smoke and air ducts, gates and other elements.

The technical result, which the utility model is aimed at, is to create a compact, high-performance, modular smoking-drying equipment, reducing the energy consumption and metal consumption of the installation.

To achieve a technical result in a smoke-drying installation containing a thermally insulated casing with loadable trolleys with a processed product, channels for circulating the heat carrier, a smoke generator, heat carriers, a ventilation unit located in the upper part of the unit, channels for circulating the heat carrier are formed in

thermally insulated casing with partitions that divide the latter into compartments, heat carrier heaters are placed in front of the unit entrance and in channels formed by the partitions. The smoke generator is a smoke generator with infrared energy. Electric heaters were used as heat carrier heaters, and the ventilation unit consists of a discharge and exhaust fan.

Distinctive features of the proposed smoke-drying installation are the formation of channels for the circulation of coolant installed in a thermally insulated partition wall, which divide the latter into compartments, heaters of the coolant are located in front of the unit and in the channels formed by the partitions. The smoke generator is a smoke generator with infrared energy. Electric heaters were used as heat carrier heaters. The ventilation unit consists of discharge and exhaust fans.

The essence of the utility model is as follows. The principle of distribution of the coolant inside the chamber is similar to tunnel kilns. However, in this installation, a uniform distribution of the coolant is created, since there are no gaps, while the exhaust and air discharge are carried out by autonomous fans. The installation lacks the mechanisms for moving trolleys, which reduces energy costs for the forced movement of trolleys with fish, and also requires a smaller production area. Instead of furnaces, the unit is equipped with electric heaters installed at the inlet of the unit, as well as in each channel connecting the compartments, to maintain specified temperature conditions. To obtain process smoke in this installation, an endothermic type smoke generator with infrared energy is used, which makes it possible to obtain

environmentally friendly technological smoke with a minimum content of substances harmful to human health. Similarly to chamber furnaces, this installation is compact, but unlike many of the latter, it is characterized by a small metal consumption and a high utilization rate due to the use of the principle of placing several trolleys with fish, similar to that in tunnel ovens, but in this case inside one chamber. The advantage of the installation is its modularity, namely, the possibility of forming units of two, four, six, etc. installations (modules). Modules in contact with their external walls are arranged in two rows. Each installation module is equipped with a smoke generator. The modularity of the installation makes it possible to simultaneously independently process various types of raw materials, as well as save production space. In the installation, it is possible to strictly comply with the required heat treatment modes when using simple automation schemes.

The drawing shows a functional diagram of the proposed smoke-drying installation.

The installation consists of a heat-insulated chamber 1, divided by partitions 6 into five compartments 2. In the guides 5 of each compartment 2 through a separate door 3 is loaded with a cart 4 with fish. The compartments 2 are not completely divided by partitions 6, but have channels 8 that provide alternating movement of the coolant inside the chamber from the bottom up and down from the fish in the carts. At the entrance to the installation there are electroheaters 7 for heating the incoming coolant to the desired temperature. In each connecting compartment of the channel 8 are electric heaters 9 to maintain the required temperature conditions of the process of thermal

the processing installed on the control unit 14. Before the coolant enters the installation, a mixing chamber 10 is placed into which fresh air, recirculation mixture and smoke are supplied by means of a blower fan 11. The installation contains an exhaust fan 12, designed to remove from the chamber part of the exhaust gas mixture for disposal. Pipelines are equipped with gas valves (GK1-GK4) to control the flow or removal of coolant. As a source of smoke generation, the furnace includes a smoke generator 13 with infrared energy.

The installation works as follows: on the control panel 14, the optimal mode of heat treatment of the product is set, electric heaters 7 and 9, exhaust 12 and discharge (recirculation) 11 fans are turned on. After establishing the desired mode in the chamber, the carts with fish 4 are loaded onto a folding ladder (not shown in the drawing) in the guides 5 of the compartments 2. Doors 3 are tightly closed. Fresh air under the action of the fan 11 is pumped into the mixing chamber 10, where it is mixed in the desired ratio with the exhaust (heated by heaters 7 and 9) air, partially directed by the fan 12 for recirculation. The amount of fresh air and recirculation gases entering the mixing chamber 10 is controlled, respectively, by the gas valves GK1 and GK2. The amount of exhaust air-gas mixture removed from the chamber by exhaust fan 12 for disposal is regulated by the gas valve GK3. If it is necessary to supply smoke into the chamber (smoke smoking processes), the smoke generator 13 is automatically or manually turned on. The amount of smoke coming from the smoke generator 13 into the mixing chamber 10 and further into the installation is regulated by the gas valve GK4. At the end of the process, the electric heaters 7 and 9 and the smoke generator 13 are turned off. Gas exhaust valve

GK3 completely opens, the GK2 valve closes, the product is cooled with fresh air. After that, the finished product on trolleys 4 is rolled out from the compartments 2 of the camera body 1.

The proposed installation has the following advantages: high performance with small dimensions; simplicity of operation and regulation of heat treatment modes; modularity (the ability to change performance and process several types of fish on the basis of a single element); uniform distribution of coolant inside the chamber; low metal consumption; high utilization of the working space of the camera; lack of mechanisms for moving trolleys; the possibility of using simple automatic control schemes, the use of a smoke generator with infrared energy as a source of smoke generation, which can significantly reduce the level of carcinogenic substances in the finished product compared to traditional smoking.

A draft design has been developed for the proposed installation for drying and smoking, and a pilot industrial model has been manufactured and tested.

Claims (4)

1. A smoking-drying installation comprising a thermally insulated body with loadable carts with a processed product, channels for circulating the heat carrier, a smoke generator, heat carrier heaters, a ventilation unit located in the upper part of the installation, characterized in that the channels for circulating the heat carrier are formed by partitions installed in the thermally insulated body , which divide the latter into compartments, heat carrier heaters are placed in front of the unit entrance and in channels formed by the partitions. 2. Smoke-drying plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the smoke generator is a smoke generator with infrared energy. 3. The smoking-drying plant according to claim 1, characterized in that electric heaters are used as heat carrier heaters. 4. Smoke-drying plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the ventilation unit consists of a discharge and exhaust fans.