RU50045U1 - TRANSFORMER WINDING SWITCH SWITCH WITHOUT EXCITATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to electrical engineering, in particular, to a switching device of branches of transformer windings, designed for stepwise regulation of voltage without load by changing the transformation ratio of the transformer.

The tap changer of the transformer windings without excitation contains contact drums of the selector and the selector, on the insulating cylinders of which there are fixed contacts, and the insulating shafts of the selector and the selector have movable contacts and are connected with the Maltese transmission of the drive mechanism, which is connected to the drive of the switch. According to a utility model, the contact drums of the selector and the selector are rigidly connected by means of screens and form a switching mechanism, in the lower part of which there is a drive mechanism, on the top plate of which, in turn, are installed cylinders of the selector and the selector, while the cylinders are brought closer to each other by the cut-off wall of one cylinder, the stationary contacts of the same name between the voter and the selector are rigidly connected with jumpers, and the rows of fixed and movable contacts are installed in the middle part of the selector and the selector at the same levels, and the linear contact of the transformer is mounted on the cylinder of the voter and is located above the movable contacts, which are interconnected by a conductive bus to connect with the linear contact, and the lead of the selector is mounted on the shaft of the selector and on the bottom plate a drive mechanism mounted leash with rollers, which engages with the Maltese gear of the voter and cylindrical gears, which engage in one other via a Maltese predyzbiratelya gear changes direction of rotation predyzbiratelya.

To ensure rotation using the Maltese gear, the angle between the fixed contacts on the cylinders of the voter and the selector is 24 ° -120 °, while the Maltese gear of the voter is rotatable 24 ° -120 ° using a leash with rollers of the drive mechanism, and the leash with interacts with rollers with a gearbox, which is fixed to the bottom plate of the drive mechanism.

Shaped jumpers are installed on the outside of the cylinders for connecting the same stationary contacts between the selector and the selector.

To switch the selector by turning, the Maltese gear of the selector is made with the possibility of rotation by 30 ° 90 ° using a leash on the shaft of the voter.

One of the cylindrical gears is mounted on the selector shaft, and the other gear is on the axis installed in the bottom plate of the drive mechanism.

For reliability during operation, the switching mechanism is immersed in the oil tank of the transformer, and the drive of the switch is mounted on the transformer branch pipe at a height convenient for manual control.

To provide several switching positions using the handle, an output shaft is mounted in the drive housing, on which a position indicator is mounted, while the output shaft is connected to the insulating joint shaft of the gearbox.

A glass window is made in the upper part of the position indicator through which the position digit is observed.

A cover is attached to the bottom of the position indicator, which covers the output shaft.

A shift knob is installed on the drive output shaft, and the cover on the position indicator is removed, however, the switch drive has a lock to prevent unauthorized access to the drive output shaft.

Description

The utility model relates to electrical engineering, in particular, to a switching device of branches of transformer windings, designed for stepwise regulation of voltage without load by changing the transformation ratio of the transformer.

A known device for regulating an alternating voltage of an electrical device according to copyright certificate No. 1 786523, class. H 01 F 29 \ 02, publ. 01/07/1993, contains a magnetic circuit and a winding, one of the input terminals is connected to one of the branches, while the two output terminals are fixed and connected to the branches of the winding associated with the input terminals, and the other two output terminals are movable and connected to any the branches of the winding through the first and second switches in the ranges from the branches of one fixed clamp to the end of the winding.

A disadvantage of the known device is the insufficient regulation of the voltage value at each of the loads, which causes a malfunction in the operation of the electrical device.

Known three-phase switching device from Khudyakova Z.I. “Transformer Repair”, Moscow, “Higher School”, 1986, p. 67, fig. 43, p. 113, fig. 82 serves to switch branches of the transformer windings and contains a bakelite cylinder on which six fixed contacts protruding into the inside of the cylinder are fixed in three tiers.

Inside the cylinder, a paper-bakelite tube passes, bearing movable contacts, closing the stationary contacts in each phase, and adjusting branches of the windings are attached to the stationary contacts.

Steel shafts are installed on the upper and lower ends of the paper-bakelite tube, which are centered using metal flanges, which are fixed to the ends of the cylinder, in the lower part of which there is a disk fastened with a flange using bolts.

On the tail of the steel shaft, a latch is rigidly fixed, which has spring-loaded fingers entering the holes of the disk and thereby fixing the switching stage.

The movable contacts are driven by Maltese and gear transmissions, a steel vertical shaft with a bevel gear in the housing associated with the drive mechanism.

A disadvantage of the known switching device is not the alignment of the axes when switching contacts and the transfer of one stage of the control branch of the windings to another stage is difficult.

Known step switch branches of the transformer windings according to the patent of Ukraine No. 53800, class. H 01 H 9 \ 00, publ. 02.17.2003, Fig. 7 contains a power switch (selector), on the side of which with the help of a traverse, a preselector located next to it is mounted, which is installed in a tubular casing of insulating material.

The power selector is also housed in a housing made of insulating material. Inside, a rod made of insulating material with the possibility of rotation is installed along the housing; switching elements with movable contacts are installed on the rod for each of the three phases.

In the wall of the housing to create contact with the moving contacts fixed contacts are installed,

Inside the selector case there is a movable switching rod, on which contact jumpers are installed, and penetrating the wall of the case with the help of supply elements, concentric annular fixed contacts are installed in the selector, which can be connected electrically with contact jumpers.

The concentric placement of the fixed contacts and spring-loaded contact elements on the switching rod ensures that the contact elements run onto the fixed contacts.

A disadvantage of the known design of the switch is the unreliability in work and the large expenditure of material and labor in industrial production.

Known switch branches of the transformer windings according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2091882, class. H 01 F 29 \ 04, H 01 H 21 \ 12 publ. 09/27/1997 (or Ukrainian patent No. 21945, class N 01 N 21 \ 12, publ. 04/30/1998) contains a load switch (selector) with movable contacts and fixed contacts located along the arc, the latter are connected to the branches of the regulation transformer windings.

The selector of the switch contains movable contacts and fixed contacts, the latter are connected to the extreme stationary contacts of the load switch, and the movable contacts are connected to the terminals of the main transformer windings.

An additional switch contains fixed contacts and movable contacts, the latter being electrically connected by flexible connections to the moving contacts of the selector and mounted on separate shafts interconnected via a mechanical transmission.

The fixed contacts of the auxiliary switch are electrically connected to the movable contacts of the load switch.

To switch the movable contacts of the selector and the selector, a Maltese transmission is made associated with the drive of the switch.

This switch design is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype are as follows:

- the large total weight of the structure and increased labor costs in the manufacture of the switching device due to the large distances in the design of the selector with an additional switch,

- the design has a significant level of mechanical and high-voltage effects, which reduces the life of the device.

The utility model is based on the task of creating a distinctively new design of the tap changer of the transformer windings without excitation from the prior art, which ensures operational reliability and increases the life of the switch by reducing high-voltage effects.

The solution to this problem provides a tap changer branches of the transformer windings without excitation, containing contact drums of the selector and the selector, on the insulating cylinders of which are fixed contacts, and the insulating shafts of the selector and the selector have movable contacts and are connected with the Maltese transmission of the drive mechanism, which is connected to the drive of the switch, due to the fact that the cylinders of the contact drums of the selector and the selector are installed together on the plate of the drive mechanism and make up the switching mechanism, in the lower part of which the drive mechanism is installed, while the cylinders are close to each other by the cut-off wall of one cylinder, the stationary contacts of the same name between the voter and the selector are rigidly connected with jumpers, and the rows of fixed and movable contacts are installed in the middle part of the voter and the selector at the same levels, and the linear contact of the transformer is mounted on the cylinder of the voter, the movable contacts of which are interconnected with I have a conductive bus for connecting with a linear contact, and the selector lead is mounted on the shaft of the voter with the possibility of interaction with the Maltese gear of the selector mounted on the bottom plate of the drive mechanism having a leash with rollers that engages with the Maltese gear of the selector and spur gears that enter meshing with one another using the Maltese gear of the selector to change the direction of rotation of the selector.

To ensure rotation using the Maltese gear, the angle between the fixed contacts on the cylinders of the voter and the selector is 24 ° -120 °, while the Maltese gear of the voter is rotatable 24 ° -120 ° using a leash with rollers of the drive mechanism, and the leash with interacts with rollers with a gearbox, which is fixed to the bottom plate of the drive mechanism.

Shaped jumpers (jumper busbars) are installed on the outside of the cylinders for connecting fixed contacts of the same name between the selector and the selector.

To switch the selector by turning the movable contacts, the Maltese gear of the selector is made to rotate 30 ° -90 ° using a leash on the shaft of the voter.

One of the cylindrical gears is mounted on the selector shaft, and the other gear is on the axis installed in the bottom plate of the drive mechanism.

For reliability during operation, the switching mechanism is immersed in the oil tank of the transformer, and the drive of the switch is mounted on the transformer branch pipe at a height convenient for manual control.

To provide several switching positions using the handle, an output shaft is mounted in the drive housing, on which a position indicator is mounted, while the output shaft is connected to the insulating joint shaft of the gearbox.

A window with a glass is made in the upper part of the position indicator, through which the position digit is observed.

A cover is attached to the bottom of the position indicator, which covers the output shaft.

A shift knob is installed on the drive output shaft, and the cover on the position indicator is removed, however, the switch drive has a lock to prevent unauthorized access to the drive output shaft.

The technical result achieved using the utility model:

- increased switch service life, i.e. up to 2 thousand switching operations are carried out due to the convenience of connecting the transformer taps to fixed contacts, since moving contacts are always transferred to fixed contacts with less mechanical damage and high-voltage influences,

- reduced center-to-center distances between the axes of the cylinders of the selector and the selector due to the proximity of the bakelite cylinders to each other, which reduces the dimensions of the switching mechanism mounted on the plate of the drive mechanism and reduces the material consumption of the structure, making it more compact and reliable,

- reliability in the operation of the switch is achieved since the movable contacts are not mechanically rearranged, but select the desired position when switching, while sweeping in the switching mechanism is carried out with several switching positions.

The inventive tap changer of the transformer windings without excitation is illustrated by the following description and drawings, where:

Figure 1 is a General view of the tap changer of the transformer windings without excitation with phase connection in the "star", Figure 2 is a section aa in Figure 1, a top view of the contact drums of the selector and the selector mounted on a common plate, Figure 3 - 4 is a kinematic diagram of a switch, FIG. 5 is an arrangement of a linear contact for each phase, FIG. 6 is a view B of FIG. 4.

According to a utility model, the switch of branches of the transformer windings without excitation contains contact insulating (bakelite) drums of the selector 1 and preselector 2, which are made with shields 3 to protect the main insulation (not shown) and comprise a switching mechanism, in the lower part of which there is a drive mechanism 4, which, in turn, is associated with the actuator 5 of the switch (see figure 1, figure 3).

Bakelite cylinders 6 and 7 of the switching mechanism are mounted on the upper common plate 8 of the driving mechanism 4, on the lower plate 9 of which are installed the Maltese gears 10 and 11 of the selector 1 and the selector 2, the leashes 12, 13 and the spur gears 14 and 15 (see Fig. 1 , Fig. 3, Fig. 4).

The bakelite cylinders 6 and 7 of the switching mechanism are brought closer to each other by the cut-off wall of the cylinder 7 of the selector 2, which is as if connected to the cylinder 6 of the selector 1 by means of shaped jumpers 16, i.e. tires 16 installed between the voter and the selector (see figure 1, figure 2).

Insulating (bakelite) shafts 17 and 18 are installed inside the bakelite cylinders 6 and 7 of the selector 1 and the selector 2, with the Maltese gear 10, the leash 13, and the cylindrical gear 15, which is included on the tail part 19 of the shaft 18, are installed meshing with a cylindrical gear 14 located on the axis 20, which is installed in the bottom plate 9 of the drive mechanism 4 (see figure 2, figure 3, figure 4).

On the bakelite cylinders 6 and 7 of the selector 1 and the selector 2 are fixed contacts 21, to which are connected the taps (not shown) of the transformer windings (see figure 1, figure 2, figure 3, figure 4). On the bakelite shafts 17 and 18 of the voter 1 and the preselector 2 mounted movable lamella contacts 22 (see figure 2, figure 3, figure 4).

Shaped jumpers 16 (jumper tires) are installed on the outside of the cylinders 6 and 7 of the switching mechanism and rigidly connect the corresponding stationary contacts 21 of the same name between the selector 1 and the selector 2 (see figure 1, figure 2).

Jumper buses 16 form a current circuit between the same stationary contacts 21 of the selector and the selector.

Rows of fixed and movable contacts 21 and 22 are installed in the middle part of voter 1 and preselector 2 at three levels. For the connection diagram of the star windings (not shown), the common linear contact 23 of the transformer is mounted on the selector cylinder 6 and is located above the movable contacts 22, which are interconnected by a conductive bus 24, which serves to connect to the linear contact 23 when the lead is rotated 13 preselectors, which, in turn, are mounted on the same shaft! 7 with a Maltese selector gear 10 for transmitting rotation to the selector shaft 18. In this case, the leash 13 on the shaft 17 is installed with the possibility of interaction with the Maltese gear 11 of the selector (see figure 1, figure 2, figure 3, figure 4).

Line contact 23 is connected to bus 25 for current conductivity in the transformer winding (see FIG. 4).

For the connection diagram of the windings (not shown), a “triangle”, to the movable contacts 22, each phase has its own linear contact 23, which can increase the value of the operating current (see figure 4, figure 5).

The leash 12 with the rollers of the drive mechanism 4 is engaged with the Maltese gear 10 of the selector, and the cylindrical gear 14 is engaged with the Maltese gear 11 of the selector to change the direction of rotation of the shaft 18 of the selector (see figure 2).

The torque of the leash 12 with the rollers is transmitted by the worm gear 26 through an insulating joint shaft 27, which is connected to the output shaft 28 installed in the housing 29 of the drive 5 of the switch (see figure 1, figure 3, figure 4).

The worm gear 26 is fixed to the bottom plate 9 of the drive mechanism.

On the output shaft 28 of the drive 5 is mounted a position indicator 30 for the correct articulation of the drive with the switching mechanism (see figure 1, figure 3).

In the upper part of the position indicator 30, a glass window 31 is made in which the desired number appears during switching (see Fig. 6).

A cover 32 is installed at the bottom of the position indicator 30, which covers the output shaft 28 in the drive housing 29 (see FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4).

A handle (not shown) is mounted on the output shaft 28 for switching, while removing the cover 32.

In the actuator 5 of the switch in the bolts 33 securing the cover 32, holes (not shown) are provided for installing a lock (not shown), which prevents unauthorized access to the output shaft 32 (see Fig. 3, Fig. 6).

Each contact drum of the selector 1 and the selector 2 is fixed to the flanges 34, which are rigidly connected to the upper common plate 8 of the drive mechanism 4 (see figure 4).

The upper part of the cylinders 6 and 7 of the selector 1 and preselector 2 is fixed to the flanges 35, which close the switching mechanism.

The fixed contacts 21 are mounted on the cylinders 6 and 7 of the selector 1 and the selector 2 and are protected by shields 36, and the protective shields 37 serve to shield the high voltage gaps. The common linear contact 23 in the upper part of the cylinder 6 of the voter 1 is protected by a linear contact screen 38 in the form of a ring (see figure 1, figure 3).

Top bakelite shafts 17 and 18 inside the cylinders 6 and 7 are closed by the upper screen 39.

The operation of the tap changer of the transformer windings without excitation is as follows:

To switch the switch, a lock (not shown) is removed, the cover 32 is removed and a handle (not shown) is mounted on the output shaft 28 and a switch is made, making a 9.33 turn turn.

The torque through the articulated shaft 27 and the gearbox 26 is transmitted to the leash 12 with rollers, which engages with the Maltese gear 10, which rotates 120 °, while the shaft 17 of the selector 1 rotates 120 °, transmitting the movement of the contacts 22 for one switch .

Together with the Maltese gear 10, the leash 13 is rotated 120 °, transmitting the rotation of the shaft 18 of the selector 2 through the Maltese gear 11 and the cylindrical gears 14 and 15, switching the selector to a predetermined angle, for example, 60 °.

The working current of the transformer through the contacts 22 of the selector 2, the regulating winding (not shown) of the transformer and through the contacts 22 of the selector 1 enters the line contact 23, from where it enters the transformer winding (not shown) through the bus 25.

The inventive switch of branches of the transformer windings without excitation allows it to be reliably used in the production of power transformers for high currents and during operation of the switch to eliminate accidents.

Claims (15)

1. The switch branches of the transformer windings without excitation, containing contact drums of the selector and the selector, on the insulating cylinders of which there are fixed contacts, and the insulating shafts of the selector and the selector have movable contacts and are connected with the Maltese transmission of the drive mechanism, which is connected to the drive of the switch, characterized in that the cylinders of the contact drums of the selector and the selector are mounted together on the plate of the drive mechanism and constitute a switching mechanism, the lower part of which the drive mechanism is installed, while the cylinders are close to each other by the cut-off wall of one cylinder, the stationary contacts of the same name between the voter and the selector are rigidly connected with jumpers, and the rows of fixed and movable contacts are installed in the middle part of the voter and the selector at the same levels moreover, the linear contact of the transformer is mounted on the cylinder of the selector, the movable contacts of which are interconnected by means of a conductive bus for connecting with a linear contact, and the selector leash is mounted on the shaft of the voter with the possibility of interaction with the Maltese gear of the selector mounted on the bottom plate of the drive mechanism, having a leash with rollers, which engages with the Maltese gear of the voter and the cylindrical gears, which mesh with one another using the Maltese gear of the selector to change the direction of rotation of the shaft of the selector. 2. The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle between the fixed contacts on the cylinders of the selector and the selector is 24-120 °. 3. The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the jumpers are rigidly fixed from the outside to the cylinders. 4. The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the Maltese gear of the voter is made to rotate 24-120 ° using a leash with rollers. 5. The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the leash with rollers is mounted on the shaft of the gearbox, which is attached to the bottom plate of the drive mechanism. 6. The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the Maltese gear of the selector is made to rotate 30-90 ° using a leash on the shaft of the voter. 7. The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the cylindrical gears is installed on the shaft of the selector, and the other gear on the axis installed in the bottom plate of the drive mechanism. 8. The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching mechanism is immersed in the oil tank of the transformer. 9. The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch actuator is mounted on the transformer pipe at a height convenient for manual control. 10. The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the output shaft is mounted in the drive housing, on which the position indicator is mounted. 11. The switch according to claim 10, characterized in that the output shaft is connected by an insulating articulated shaft with the shaft of the worm gear. 12. The switch according to claim 10, characterized in that in the upper part of the position indicator there is a window with glass for observing the position digit. 13. The switch according to claim 10, characterized in that in the lower part of the position indicator is fixed a cover that covers the output shaft. 14. The switch according to claim 10, characterized in that a handle is mounted on the output shaft for switching when removing the cover on the position indicator. 15. The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch drive has a lock from unauthorized access to the output shaft of the drive.