RU38509U1 - SYSTEM OF MULTIPOSITIONAL DETERMINATION OF COORDINATES OF COUNTERBORNE OBJECTS BY RADIATION OF THEIR RADAR STATIONS - Google Patents

Description

MPK7S0183 / 02.

The system of multi-position determination of the coordinates of over-horizon objects by the radiations of their radar stations.

The utility model relates to radio engineering and can be used to determine the location of over-the-horizon objects by the radiations of their radar stations, for example, ship formations or warships with operational navigation radars using coastal stationary or mobile passive radar stations.

Modern systems for determining the direction to sources of radio emission are constructed using known methods of direction finding: amplitude (maximum method, minimum method, comparison method, etc.), phase, frequency and time (see. V.V. Tsvetov, V.P. Demin, A.I. Kupriyanov, Radio-electronic warfare: radio reconnaissance and radio countermeasures (Moscow: MAI Publishing House, 1998, pp. 27 ... 43).

Known methods and devices for direction-finding, based on the fact that the phase relationships between signals received at spatially separated points can be converted into the amplitude dependence of the sum of the received signals on the location of the radio source. The most obvious and widely used is the amplitude direction finding method, which uses an antenna system with a radiation pattern with a pronounced maximum (see, V.V. Tsvetov, V.P. Demin, A.I. Kupriyanov, Electronic warfare: radio reconnaissance and radio resistance. M: Publishing House of the Moscow Aviation Institute, 1998, p. 27). Due to the mechanical change in the position (orientation) of the antenna, space is scanned, which determines the position of the antenna at which the output signal of the antenna has the maximum amplitude, and the direction that combines with the maximum antenna pattern is taken as the direction to the IRI. This direction finding method can be considered as a degenerate case of the differential-ranging method, when due to the mechanical movement of the antenna system its position is selected so that the distance differences from the IRI to the symmetrical points of the antenna are zero (and, therefore, the phase differences of the signals arriving at these points were equal to zero). In-phase addition of signals arriving along different paths provides maximum energy at the receiving point.

There is also a method of direction-finding based on measuring the difference in the times of receiving signals from a radio source, for example, a radar station (radar) with two spaced antennas (see, V.V. Tsvetov, V.P. Demin, A.I. Kupriyanov, Electronic warfare: radio reconnaissance and radio resistance. M: Publishing House of the Moscow Aviation Institute, 1998, p. 39). When the position of the radar deviates from the perpendicular to the center of the base, a difference in the signal path arises Dg g1-g2 (g1 and g2 are the distances from the radar to the first and second antennas, respectively). The relative delay t of the signals, due to the constancy of the speed and straightness of propagation of radio waves, is proportional to the difference in stroke:. In the general case, systems using the principle considered are different-range, however, at large radar distances from the center of the base, when the distance to the radar is significantly greater than the base size, the hyperbolic position lines characteristic of the differential-ranging method in the far zone practically coincide with their asymptotes, outgoing in the form of rays from the center of the base. In this case, differential-range systems can be considered goniometric with their inherent errors.

Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2204145, IPC7 G01S 3/46, publ. 2003 the difference-range-finding method of direction finding of the radio emission source and the device implementing it are protected, which provide the ability to determine the radar azimuth for any size of the measuring bases of the direction finder and the relative positions of the radar and direction-finding antennas.

The proposed method involves performing sped operations:

- have three antennas at the tops of the isosceles right triangle of the ICE;

- receive a radar signal on all three antennas,

- measure the difference in the time of reception of the radar signal by antennas forming orthogonal bases;

- calculate the values of the sum and difference of the differences in the times of reception of the radar signal;

- calculate the ratio of the sum of the differences of the radar signal reception times to the difference of the differences of the radar signal reception times;

- calculate the value of the function arctan (x), the argument of which takes the result of the previous operation;

- calculate the coordinate value of the point belonging to the radar position line;

- display the results obtained.

The structure of the device includes (Fig. 1) antennas 1, 2 and 3, a measuring device Y1, containing time difference meters 4 and 5, and an information processing and display device U2, containing a subtraction unit 6, a summing unit 7, an analysis unit 8 and a unit indication 9.

The outputs of the antennas 1 and 2 are connected to the first inputs of the time difference meters 4 and 5, the second inputs of which send a signal from the output of the antenna 3. The output of the time difference meter 4 is connected to the first inputs of the subtraction block b and the summing unit 7, and the output of the time difference meter 5 it is connected to the second inputs of the subtraction block 6 and the summing block 7. Signals from v2M14IC II are received at the inputs of the analysis block

moves of time difference meters 4 and 5, subtraction unit 6 and summing unit 7. The output of the analysis unit is connected to the input of the display unit.

Antennas 1, 2, and 3 are spatially spaced and located at the vertices of the isosceles right triangle AABC, respectively.

The radar signal received by antennas 1, 2 and 3, at their outputs has the form

U1 (t) U (t) COS (W „t + фJ,

U2 (t) U (t + At2i), (t + At2i) + Ф „, from (t) U (t + At3i) (t + At3i) + Ф J,

respectively.

The signals from the outputs of antennas 1 and 3 are fed to the first and second inputs of the time difference meter 4, respectively, similarly the signals from the outputs of antennas 2 and 3 are fed to the first and second inputs of the time difference meter 5, respectively. The time difference meters 4 and 5 perform the operation of measuring the time differences At-13 and

At23 arrival of the IRI signal to pairs of antennas (1, 3) and (2, 3). Moreover, Aty ti-tj,

where t is the time of arrival of the IRI signal at the kth antenna, Atpm is the difference in the times of arrival of the IRI signal at the pth and tth antennas.

The time difference meters 4 and 5 implement one of the known methods for measuring the time difference.

From the outputs of the time difference meters 4 and 5, the measured values of Ati3 and At23 are sent to the subtraction units 6 and summation 7. The subtraction unit performs the operation of calculating the value 1d of the difference in the difference in the times of receiving the IRI signal; the summing unit performs the operation of calculating the ts value of the sum of the differences in the reception times of the IRI signal:

ts Ati3 + At231d At- | 3-At23 The calculated values of U and ts from the outputs of blocks 6 and 7 go to the first and fourth inputs of analysis block 8, the second and third inputs of which receive the values of the time differences Ati3 and At23 from the outputs of time difference meters 4 and 5. The analysis unit 8 is a specialized computing device that performs the following computing operations:

- the value of the ratio w ts / tu is calculated;

- calculate the value of the elevation angle of the radar using the expression f arctan (w).

where the result of the previous computational operation is used as an argument;

- calculate the values of Xf, yf coordinates of the point belonging to the position line

The calculated values of f, Xf, yf from the output of the analysis unit go to the display unit, which is designed to visualize the results of the proposed direction finding method.

The device described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2204145, adopted as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the described device is the low accuracy at low speeds of convergence of the measuring complex and the radar carrier, as well as significant errors in determining the location of pulsed radars and the inability to detect over-horizon objects due to the low sensitivity of searchless direction finders.

Common features of the claimed system and device selected as a prototype are:

1) purpose - both the prototype and the inventive system are intended for the location of objects by radiation from their radar stations;

2) the presence of structural elements:

- at least two spatially separated antennas,

- devices for detecting radio emissions and determining the coordinates of objects from the radiations of their radar stations - in the prototype this is a set of time difference measurement units, subtraction, summation, analysis and indication, in the claimed system - a passive radar station.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to increase the accuracy of positioning of over-the-horizon objects by the radiations of their radar.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the system of multi-position determination of the coordinates of horizontal objects from the radiations of their radar stations, containing at least two spatially separated antennas and a passive radar station (RLS), including one of the antennas and an information processing and radar coordinate determination device, further comprises a second passive radar station comprising a second antenna, each of the passive radar stations contains a mutual exchange device information and time synchronization and a device for measuring the radio and temporal parameters of radar signals, and at least one radar additionally contains a device for calculating the difference in the angles of exposure of the radar antennas of the passive radar stations detected. A passive radar station contains antennas for the compensation channel of the side and background lobes, a narrowly oriented mirror antenna.

series-connected low-noise high-frequency amplifier, multichannel receiving device, a device for measuring the radio and temporal parameters of radar signals, including a device for primary processing of information and measuring the carrier frequency, duration, amplitude and time of receiving radar signals, a device for statistical processing of information and measuring the bearing, repetition period, the duration of the series and the repetition of the series of pulses, the first input of which is connected to the output of the primary information processing device and measuring the carrier frequency, duration, amplitude and time of reception of the pulse, the second input-output - with the first input-output of the device for mutual information exchange and time synchronization, the third input-output - with the first input-output of the device for calculating the irradiation angles of the detected passive antenna radar station radar stations, the fourth input-output is with the first input-output of the control device, the second input-output of the control device is connected to the second input-output of the device for calculating the difference of angles the teachings of the passive radar station antennas detected by the radar station, the third input-output, which is connected to the second-input of the mutual information exchange and time synchronization device, the third control device output is connected to the mirror antenna drive, the output of the side and background lobe compensation channel amplifier is connected to the second multichannel receiver input.

The utility model meets the conditions of patentability novelty and industrial applicability, since there is no source of information describing the claimed combination of features and the technical solution relates to radio engineering and can be repeatedly reproduced with the achievement of the claimed result.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a device selected as a prototype, figure 2 is a structural diagram of the claimed system, figure 3 is a block diagram of a passive station of a radio station, figure 4 is a radar location scheme using the triangulation method, figure 5 - radar location scheme using the claimed system.

The positions in the drawings 1 ... 5 denote:

1 - the first antenna of the prototype device;

2- second antenna of the prototype device;

3- third antenna of the prototype device;

4 - the first meter of the time difference of the prototype device;

5- second meter of the time difference of the prototype device;

6 - block subtraction of the prototype device;

9 - block display device prototype;

10 - the first passive radar station PRLS 10;

11- second passive radar station PRLS 11; 12.1, 12.2 - narrowly directional mirror antenna;

13.1,13.2 - antennas of the reception compensation channel along the side and background lobes; 14 - device for the mutual exchange of information and time synchronization VZOI 14;

15-channel communication;

16 - low-noise high-frequency amplifier UHF 16;

17 - multi-channel receiving device MPU 17;

18 - amplifier channel compensation side and background petals of UK 18;

19 - a device for the primary processing of information and measuring the carrier frequency, duration, amplitude and time of reception of radar signals POI 19;

20 - a device for statistical processing of information and measurement of bearing, pulse repetition period, series duration and repetition period of VOY 20 series;

21- control unit UU 21;

22 - a device for calculating the difference in the angles of exposure of the detected radar antennas of passive radar stations and the coordinates of the detected radar stations VU 22;

23- drive narrow-band mirror antenna; A-position PRLS 10;

B-position PRLS 11;

C is the true position of the radar carrier object;

C1, C2, C3, C4 - field of errors with the triangulation method of positioning;

U1 - measuring device;

U2 - information processing and display device;

R, a - spatial coordinates of the radar carrier object;

F is the difference in the angles of irradiation.

The multi-position system for determining the coordinates of over-the-horizon objects from the radiations of their radar stations (radar) (Fig. 2) contains the first radar station 10 and the second radar station 11 passive radar stations, spaced from each other at a direct line of sight. Each passive radar station (FIG. 3) contains a narrowly directed mirror antenna 12 with a drive 23, an irradiator of which is connected by a rotating waveguide to the input of a low-noise high-frequency amplifier UHF 16, and antennas 13 of the reception compensation channel along side and background lobes connected to the amplifier of the side and background petals of UK 18. UHF 16 and UK 18 are made on low-noise transistors. The outputs of the UHF 16 and UK 18 are connected to a multi-channel receiver MPU 17, which is a set of multichannel-frequency broadband direct amplification receivers with which microwave signals are amplified, filtered and detected. The outputs of the MPU 17 are connected to the device for the primary processing of information and measuring the carrier frequency, duration, amplitude and time of reception of the radar signals POI 19, in which analog-to-digital conversion is carried out on all channels of the MPU 17, excluding signals received from the side and background lobes and from active radar, and the measurement of monopulse radio parameters (carrier frequency, pulse duration, relative level) of the selected signals. POI 19 via a data bus is connected to a device for statistical information processing and bearing measurement, pulse repetition period, series duration and series repetition period (secondary information processing device) VOI 20, in which information about the detected radiation is generated from a set of several pulses with measurement of the pulse repetition period, the duration of the series, the period of repetition of the series, the time of reception of each pulse and the average bearing, and for the totality of the radio and time parameters - for the catalog gu radar identification and the carrier object. VOY 20 with I / O ports connected to a mutual information exchange and time synchronization device VZOI 14, a control unit УУ 21 and a device for calculating the difference in the angles of exposure of a radar antenna of passive radar stations and the coordinates of detected radar stations VU 22. VZOI 14 is designed to exchange information about detected radar radar 10 and radar 11. This information includes the classification code of the radar installed in the catalog, a set of radio and time parameters s of radio emission and averaged bearing. In UU 21, the fact of detection by both radars of the same radar is ascertained and a decision is made on synchronous guidance and tracking of this radar, measurement of the difference in the angles of exposure and determination of the coordinates of the radar carrier object. UU 21 is connected to a drive 23 of a narrow-directional mirror antenna and VU 22, which in turn is connected to VZOI 14. In VU 22, according to information about the time of the beginning and end of the reception of a series of pulses received by both radars for one review period and the radar review period, is calculated the difference in the angles of irradiation and the coordinates of the radar carrier object are determined.

The work of the claimed system of multi-position determination of the coordinates of over-the-horizon objects from the radar radiations is as follows. At least two radars, spatially spaced, initially independently, search for over-the-horizon radars in a given sector or in the all-round viewing mode. If any radar detection radar is detected, the parameters of its signals (bearing, carrier frequency, pulse duration and repetition period) are transmitted to the second radar. Upon detection of the second radar radar, synchronous tracking of the detected radar by both radar stations and measurement of its viewing period begins. On both PRLS, the arrival time of the first and last pulses of the series for one review period is recorded. The difference in the angles of radiation Ф (Fig. 5) is determined from the following relations. The passage time of the maximum radiation pattern of the radar direction to the first radar is determined from the expression ti U2 (k1 - twi), where 1k1 is the arrival time of the last pulse of the series, recorded on the first radar, and in is the time of arrival of the first pulse of the series. The time of passage of the maximum direction diagram to the second PRLS 2 U (k2 - 2), where is the arrival time of the last pulse of the series recorded on the second PRLS, {„r is the arrival time of the first pulse of the series recorded on the second PRLS. The difference At t2 - ti is equal to the time taken by the maximum of the diagram from the direction to the first radar station to the direction to the second radar station, from where f () / Tobz, where Tobz is the radar survey period, measured or selected from the catalog. Since the Tobz scan time is incomparably longer than the pulse duration and the pulse repetition period of the radar, the error in measuring the angle φ is quite small, especially when averaging over the results of several measurements, and will be significantly lower than the error in direct measurement of this angle (Fig. 4). At small angles f, which practically takes place when the radar is located at direct line of sight, the distance to the emitting radar equidistant from both radar (aft) is uniquely determined by the formula D Vz d / sin Lf d / f, where d is the distance between the radar. In the general case, for a # Cn, we can assume that D is d-cosa / φ. From figure 4 it is seen that the error in measuring the distance to the emitting radar with triangulation location increases significantly with increasing R due to the increase in the area of errors (quadrangle C1, C2, C3, C4). When locating using the claimed system, the error in determining the range does not depend on the error in direction finding, which at large ranges of over-the-horizon radar carrier objects can reduce the resulting error in measuring the range.

Claims (2)

1. A multi-position system for determining the coordinates of over-the-horizon objects from the radiations of their radar stations, comprising at least two spatially separated antennas and a passive radar station, comprising one of the antennas and an information processing and radar coordinate determination device, characterized in that it further comprises a second passive radar station, including a second antenna, each of the passive radar stations contains a device for the mutual exchange of information and time constant synchronization and apparatus and radio time signals radar measurement parameters, and at least one CLDP further comprising angle difference calculation unit radiation detected radar passive radar antennas. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the passive radar station contains antennas for the side and background lobe compensation channel, a narrowly oriented reflector antenna, a low-noise high-frequency amplifier connected in series, a multi-channel receiving device, a device for measuring radio and temporal parameters of radar signals, including a device primary information processing and measurement of carrier frequency, duration, amplitude and time of receiving radar signals, information processing statistical device measuring and measuring the bearing, the repetition period, the duration of the series and the repetition of the series of pulses, the first input of which is connected to the output of the primary information processing device and measure the carrier frequency, duration, amplitude and time of reception of the pulse, the second input-output - with the first input-output of the mutual information exchange and time synchronization, the third input-output - with the first input-output of the device for calculating the exposure angles of the detected radar station of passive radar antennas, fourth the first input-output is with the first input-output of the control device, the second input-output of the control device is connected to the second input-output of the device for calculating the difference of the angles of exposure of the detected radar antennas of passive radar stations, the third input-output of which is connected to the second input-output of the device mutual information exchange and time synchronization, the third output of the control device is connected to the drive of the mirror antenna, the output of the amplifier channel compensation side and background petals nen a second input multichannel reception device.