RU2837093C1 - Channel crossing regulator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydrotechnical construction, namely to culvert control structures, and can be used in fish-passage-spawning canals, which provide passage of fish producers through dams of hydroelectric complexes to their spawning places. Channel crossing regulator includes a float plate, coastal abutments and intermediate bulls forming spans equipped with gates for passage of water flow and fish, from above are covered by bridge structures with coatings made perforated from metal-plastic cloth or expanded metal sheet laid on metal frame, providing the level of natural illumination of internal water space of spans necessary for passage of fish. Use of the channel crossing regulator provides light conditions necessary for entry and passage of various fish species.

EFFECT: structural solution of covering of overlapping of bridge structures of channel regulator-crossing, providing natural illumination in its span structures, which improves conditions of passage of fish through them, migrating for spawning.

1 cl, 17 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, namely to water-passing control structures, and can be used in fish passage and spawning channels that ensure the passage of fish producers through the dams of hydraulic structures to their spawning sites.

A canal crossing regulator is known (Zamarin E.A., Fandeev V.V. Hydrotechnical structures. Moscow: Kolos. 1965. 623 p. Fig. 4-1), which includes span structures covered by gates, formed by a flood bet, coastal retaining walls, intermediate piers, the upper surface of which is equipped with coverings that form the road surface of the crossing, a pedestrian crossing and a platform for placing lifting mechanisms that ensure regulation of water supply along the canal route, conditions for the passage of vehicles, movement of people and lifting mechanisms.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the limited conditions of its application and, in particular, the impossibility of using it on fish passage and fish passage-spawning channels, due to the presence of a stilling basin, which is unacceptable for such structures, and a continuous opaque covering of its upper part, which shades the aquatic space of the span structures - the surface of movement of machines, mechanisms, people and animals.

The closest to the declared technical solution is the channel regulator-crossing (Shkura V.N., Shevchenko A.V. Regulatory structures of fish passage and spawning channels near hydraulic structures // Ecology and water management. 2022. Vol. 4, No. 2. Pp. 70-87. Fig. 5. URL: https://doi.org/10.31774/2658-7890-2022-4-2-70-87), including a flood slab, coastal abutments and intermediate piers that form spans for passing water flow and fish, covered by gates, covered from above by bridge structures that provide conditions for the movement of vehicles, technological equipment, people and animals.

A disadvantage of the prototype is the use of an opaque covering of bridge structures in the channel crossing regulator, which provides communications and worsens the conditions for the passage of fish migrating to spawn through the shaded equatorial space of the span structures.

The purpose of the invention is to expand the range of conditions for using the design of the channel crossing regulator and, in particular, for its use in fish passage and fish passage-spawning channels.

The task, the solution of which ensures the achievement of the set goal, is to provide natural illumination of the internal equatorial space of the channel regulator-crossing, which creates favorable conditions for its passage by fish migrating to spawn.

The technical result, which the invention is aimed at achieving, consists in a design solution for covering the floors of the bridge structures of the canal regulator-crossing, providing natural lighting in its span structures, which improves the conditions for the passage of fish migrating to spawn through them.

The technical result is achieved by means of a channel crossing regulator device, including a flood-beam plate, coastal abutments and intermediate piers, forming span structures equipped with gates for the passage of water flow and fish, covered from above by bridge structures. In this case, the covering of the bridge structures is made perforated from a metal-plastic sheet or expanded metal sheet laid on a metal frame, providing the level of natural illumination of the internal equatorial space of the span structures necessary for the passage of fish.

A distinctive feature of the proposed technical solution of the channel regulator-crossing from the accepted prototype is the presence of a crossing, which ensures the passage of natural light flow into the equatorial space of the span structures and forms the necessary level of natural illumination in them during the spawning run of fish in daylight hours, as well as the implementation of span structures with a total area equal to the cross-sectional area of the tract, which allows maintaining equality of current velocities in the spans of the regulator and the channel tract and eliminating the difference in water levels between the pools that is unacceptable for the passage of fish.

The invention is explained by the drawings: Fig. 1 - Plan of the channel crossing regulator; Fig. 2 - Longitudinal section A-A according to Fig. 1; Fig. 3 - Unit A according to Fig. 2; Fig. 4 - Unit B according to Fig. 2; Fig. 5 - Cross-section I-I according to Fig. 1; Fig. 6 - Cross-section B-B according to Fig. 1; Fig. 7 - Cross-section II-II according to Fig. 1; Fig. 8 - Cross-section B-B according to Fig. 1; Fig. 9 - Unit A according to Fig. 8; Fig. 10 - Cross-section G-G according to Fig. 1; Fig. 11 - Cross-section III-III according to Fig. 1; Fig. 12 - Cross-section D-D according to Fig. 1; Fig. 13 - Cross-section IV-IV according to Fig. 1; Fig. 14 - covering of the service bridge; Fig. 15 - frame of the service bridge; Fig.16 - crossing covering; Fig.17 - crossing frame.

The numbers in Figs. 1-17 indicate: 1 - outlet for fish head of the fish passage and spawning channel; 2 - flue concrete slab of the regulator-crossing; 3 - retaining walls; 4 - intermediate piers; 5 - longitudinal abutments; 6 - span structures; 7 - reinforced concrete base; 8 - rails; 9 - crane; 10 - hoist hook; 11, 23 - capitals; 12 - working gates; 13, 14 - repair gates; 15 - ring; 16 - grooves; 17 - service bridge; 18, 25 - railings; 19 - flooring; 20 - frame; 21, 22 - longitudinal and transverse pipes of square cross-section; 24 - crossing flooring; 26 - crossing frame; 27, 28 - longitudinal and transverse I-beam frame guides; 29 - longitudinal supports of the railings; 30 - traffic crossing; 31 - pedestrian crossing; 32 - crossing; 33 - exit; 34 - motor transport; 35 - retaining walls; 36 - fish passage and spawning channel.

The letters in Figs. 1-10 designate: v _v/oг — average cross-sectional velocity of water flow in the outlet for fish head of fish passage and spawning channel 1, m/s; m _v/oг — slope setting in the outlet for fish head of fish passage and spawning channel 1; В _v/oг — width along the bottom of the outlet for fish head of fish passage and spawning channel 1, m; УВ _min , УВ _max — minimum and maximum water levels, m; v _vkh — average current velocity at the inlet for water flow section of the flush bet plate of regulator-crossing 2, m/s; m _vkh — slope setting at the inlet for flow section of flush bet plate 2 of regulator-crossing; v _v/p — average value of current velocity over the cross-section in spans 6 of regulator-crossing, m/s; v _outx is the average value of the current velocity over the cross-section at the outlet section for the flow of the flood bet plate of the regulator-crossing 2, m/s; m _out is the laying of the slopes at the outlet section for the flow of the flood bet plate 2 of the regulator-crossing; v _p/t is the average value of the water flow velocity in the tract of the fish passage and spawning channel 36, m/s; t is the thickness of the intermediate bulldozers 4, retaining walls with confuser 3 and diffuser 35 planned arrangement, longitudinal walls 5, m; d is the diameter of the ring 15, m; L _BX is the length of the inlet section for the water flow of the flood bet plate of the regulator-crossing 2, m; L _v/p , B _v/p are the length and width of the span structures 6 of the regulator-crossing, m; L _out - length of the outlet section for the water flow of the flue bet plate 2 of the crossing regulator, m; L _f/p - length of the flue bet plate of the crossing regulator 2, m; h _{in (min)} , h _{in (max)} - minimum and maximum values of water depth in the fish passage and spawning channel, m; m _r/t - laying of slopes in tract 36 of the fish passage and spawning channel; B _r/t - width along the bottom of tract 36 of the fish passage and spawning channel, m; _B in - width along the bottom of the inlet section for the water flow of the flue bet plate 2 in the cross-section of water inflow into spans 6 of the crossing regulator, m; 73 B _out — width along the bottom of the outlet section for the flow of the flood bedding slab 2 in the alignment of water outflow from the spans 6 of the regulator-crossing, m; L _n/m , B _n/m — length and width of decking 19 of the service bridge 17, m; L _k/m , B _k/m — length and width of frame 20 of the service bridge 17, m; j — step of laying transverse tubular guides 22 on frame 20, m; L _n/p , B _n/p — length and width of decking 24 of crossing 32, m; L _k/p , B _k/p — length and width of frame 26 of crossing 32, m; k — step of laying longitudinal I-beam guides 27 of frame 26 of crossing 32, m; s - the step of laying the transverse I-beam guides 28 of the frame 26 of the crossing 32, m; p - the distance between the longitudinal supports 29 of the railings 25, m.

The channel crossing regulator (Fig. 1-17), which provides conditions for the movement of fish along its span structures 6 in accordance with their cruising swimming speeds, the required level of natural illumination of the equatorial space and the possibility of transport communications, is designed as follows.

The crossing regulator in accordance with Fig. 1-17 is made with several span structures 6, each of which is characterized by a rectangular cross-section, length - L _v/p and width - V _v/p , m. The span structures 6 are formed by a floodplain slab 2 of the crossing regulator, intermediate piers 4, made on both edges in a shape that is easily streamlined for the water flow, and longitudinal abutments 5, the configuration of which ensures the flow of water along them at a speed of - v _v/p . The inlet and outlet parts of the regulator-crossing for the water flow, with the length of L _in and L _out , respectively, are made confuser and diffuser in terms of shapes and ensure geometric and hydraulic coupling of the regulator-crossing of the channel with the outlet for fish head 1, characterized by the width along the bottom - B _in/og and the laying of slopes - m _in/og , and the tract 36 of the fish passage and spawning channel with the width along the bottom - _{B p/t} and the laying of slopes - m _p/t , arranged in a trapezoidal transverse outline, the geometry of which ensures the average flow velocities over the live cross-section - v _in/og and v _p/t , respectively. The fillet slab 2, with a length of L _f/p , is connected at the input section with a length of L _vx and the output section with a length of L _vx with retaining walls 3 and 35 by means of slopes with a foundation of m _vx and m _vykh , respectively, which, in turn, are connected with longitudinal abutments 5 and, in aggregate, are characterized by a thickness of t. The intermediate piers 4 and the longitudinal abutments 5 are equipped with capitals 11 and 23 intended for laying rails 8, ensuring the movement of the crane 9 and the framework 26 of the crossing 32, characterized by a length of L _k/p and a width of B _k/p , consisting of longitudinal 27 I-beams laid with a pitch of k and transverse 28 I-beams laid with a pitch of s with a flooring 24 attached to them by welding, having a width of B _n/p and a length of L _n/p . Attached to the frame 26 of the crossing 32 by means of bolted connections or welding are longitudinal supports 29 laid on top of the deck 24 with railings 25 dividing the crossing 32 into a traffic crossing 30 and two pedestrian crossings 31. In order to ensure the possibility of entry and exit of motor vehicles 34 from the deck 24 of the crossing, ramps 33 are arranged on both sides of it. The layout of the channel crossing regulator provides for the presence of a service bridge 17 laid on intermediate piers 4 and longitudinal abutments 5, consisting of a frame 20 characterized by a length of L _k/m and a width of B _k/m , made of longitudinal 21 and transverse 22 pipes of square cross-section, connected to each other by means of welding or bolted connections with a deck 19 laid on it of length - L _n/m and a width - B _n/m . In this case, the transverse pipes 22 of the frame 20 are arranged relative to each other with a pitch of -j. The span structures 6 of the regulator-crossing are equipped with one row of working 12 and two rows of repair 13, 14 gates, equipped with rings 15, intended for fastening the hook of the hoist 10 of the crane 9. The movement of the working 12 and repair 13, 14 gates is carried out along the grooves 16, made from sections of channel steel, mounted in the longitudinal abutments 5 and intermediate piers 4 of the regulator-crossing of the channel.

The regulator-crossing according to Fig. 1-17 functions as follows. From the outlet for fish head 1 of the fish passage and spawning channel, the water flow enters the inlet confuser part of the regulator-crossing, characterized by the length - L _in and, flowing with an average speed - v _in (Fig. 7), flows into the span structures 6 of which (along the outlet for the flow section of the flood-beam plate 2, made as a diffuser in the planned outline of the shape, with a length of - L _out ) it flows out with a speed - v _out (Fig. 11) into the tract 36 of the fish passage and spawning channel (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). The design of the crossing regulator ensures the flow of water through its span structures 6 with an average velocity over the live cross-section - v _v/p (Fig. 8, Fig. 10), equal to the average flow velocity in the tract 36 - v _v/t (Fig. 13) and the outlet for fish at the head of the fish passage and spawning channel 1 - v _v/og (Fig. 5), i.e. - v _v/p = v _p/t = v _v/og . The crossing regulator can function at a minimum - h _{v (min)} (UV _min ) and a maximum - h _{v (max)} (UV _max ) levels of water flow. When the water level marks in the fish passage and spawning channel rise from zero (the channel is empty) to the values - h _{in (min)} (UV _min ) and h _in ( _max ) (UV _max ), the working 12 and repair 13, 14 gates must be installed above the water flow surface mark, and their lifting, i.e. movement along the grooves 16, is carried out by means of engaging the ring 15 (Fig. 9) by an employee of the channel operational service from the service bridge 17 with the hook of the hoist 10 of the crane 9, moving along the rails 8 (Fig. 3), located across the span structures 6 of the regulator-crossing. The crane 9 can be parked either on the left or on the right bank of the regulator-crossing in the direction of the flow, where, in order to prevent the rails 8 from falling into the ground under the weight of the lifting equipment, two reinforced concrete pads 7 are provided (Fig. 8). The possibility of two-way movement of motor vehicles 34 between the left and right slopes of the fish passage and spawning channel in the direction of flow (Fig. 12) is ensured by the vehicle crossing 30, and the movement of pedestrians is ensured by the crossings 31. In view of the location of the crossing 32 above the level of the longitudinal abutments 5 and the intermediate piers 4 (Fig. 2), it is provided with a ramp 33, which ensures technological operations for lifting or lowering motor vehicles 34 onto (from) the vehicle crossing(s) 30. The flooring 19 (Fig. 14) of the service bridge 17 and the flooring 24 (Fig. 16), installed on the frames 20 (Fig. 15) and 26 (Fig. 17) of the crossing 32, in order to minimize the shading created by it, as factors that frighten fish migrating to spawn, in particular, individuals moving near the water surface during daylight hours, is made of perforated material that transmits light rays, for example, from a metal-plastic sheet or expanded metal sheet. The arrangement of the frame 26 of the crossing 32 in the capitals 23 (Fig. 4) and the frame 20 of the service bridge 17 in the capitals 11 (Fig. 6) eliminates the occurrence of harmful transverse vibrations that lead to the destruction of the intermediate piers 4 and longitudinal abutments 5.

The use of a channel crossing regulator, made with span structures 6 of rectangular cross-section, a service bridge 17 and a crossing 32 with decks 19 and 24 made of perforated material, for example, metal-plastic sheet or expanded metal sheet, provides the necessary light conditions for the entry and passage of various species of fish.

Claims (1)

A channel crossing regulator, including a flood slab, bank abutments and intermediate piers, forming span structures equipped with gates for the passage of water flow and fish, covered from above by bridge structures, characterized in that the coverings of the bridge structures are made perforated from metal-plastic sheeting or expanded metal sheet laid on a metal frame, providing the level of natural illumination of the internal aquatic space of the span structures necessary for the passage of fish.