RU2804790C1 - Coastal flow hydroelectric power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electric power.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to coastal flow-through hydroelectric power stations. The hydroelectric power station contains a hydraulic turbine mounted on a turbine platform, which is a prefabricated structure installed on a pile foundation at the bottom of a reservoir. The structure is made of reinforced concrete panel elements and includes a bottom body, a base plate, a working body, at least one intermediate body, and an upper body. The turbine is made in the form of working rotors attached to the drive shaft with the possibility of their free rotation in the working housing. At the upper end of the drive shaft, located above the upper edge of the platform above the water level, there is a drive pulley connected by means of a conveyor-belt drive to the driven pulley of the step-up gearbox, connected through a safety clutch to the multiplier, connected through a safety clutch to an oil pump included in the hydrodynamic transmission, the hydraulic motor of which, installed in the onshore premises, ensures rotation of the electric generator.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at creating an efficient flow hydroelectric power station.

3 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical power engineering, in particular to the designs of installations for converting the energy of water flow into electrical energy.

An autonomous water-submersible free-flow microhydroelectric power station is known (RF patent No. 2324068, IPC F03B 17/06, published on May 10, 2008), containing a ground-based unit including an electrical distribution device, a fixedly fixed water-submersible module, including an electric generator located below the water level in a sealed housing and connected with a ground block with a waterproof electric cable, a hydraulic turbine with a horizontal axis of rotation connected through a gear train located in the gondola and made in the form of a multiplier with the shaft of an electric generator, the electric generator is located along the flow behind the multiplier in a common nacelle with it, which is equipped with a device for pumping water from its lower parts, the conical grille is made of flat elements, at least part of which is made with the possibility of their rotation relative to the longitudinal axes and is equipped with a drive for this purpose.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is its complex design.

A hydroelectric power station on a stream is known (patent RU 2148184 C1, IPC F03B 13/00, published on April 27, 2000), which converts the mechanical energy of running water into electrical energy, with units having blades to perceive the effects of the flow, mounted on horizontal frames having a prefabricated structure , moving along the guides of coastal supports embedded in the ground. The frame is placed above the channel (bed) and moves up and down; wheels with unit blades are mounted on it, immersed in water and connected to an electric generator. A water flow regulator is mounted in front of the unit. At the bottom of the channel (bed) there is a concrete layer, creating an optimal flow geometry in the vertical section. Vertical movements of the frame along the guides ensure optimal immersion of the blades when the water level in the channel (bed) changes. To increase the power of a hydroelectric power station, several units are placed in the canal.

The disadvantage of this hydroelectric power station is the need to perform construction and installation work in the walls of the canal and at its bottom. Since the presence of a natural channel with vertical walls and the necessary speed characteristics of the flow is unlikely, the creation of a special channel and its equipment will be required. Hydraulic work during the construction of such a hydroelectric power station is significant in volume and expensive.

A hydroelectric power station is also known (patent RU 2088724 C1, IPC E02 B 9/00, published on August 27, 1997), which includes a floating element fixed in the water flow in the river with the possibility of vertical movement when the water level changes, and a flow part fixed to the floating element, between the inlet socket and the outlet pipeline on which a hydraulic turbine is installed connected to the generator, wherein the end section of the outlet pipeline of the floating element is located outside it below the water level and is made with a cross-sectional area increasing in the direction of flow, wherein the cross-section of the end section of the outlet pipeline has a multi-petal shape or the end section of the outlet pipeline is branched into two or more pipes, and the floating element itself is placed in a hole.

The disadvantages of such a hydroelectric power station are the complexity and low-tech design, due to the presence of a catamaran and, especially, the complex design of the water pipeline with its cross-section and shape gradually changing. In addition, such a hydroelectric power station requires the creation of hydraulic structures: a channel and an embankment with a hole of a certain size in it.

An autonomous water-submersible free-flow microhydroelectric power station is known (utility model patent No. 23317, IPC: F03B 13/00, published June 10, 2002), containing an electric generator, a fixedly fixed water-submersible module, including a hydraulic turbine with a horizontal axis of rotation connected through a gear located in the gondola with the shaft of the electric generator, wherein the electric generator is located below the water level and installed in a sealed housing connected to the multiplier nacelle, a vertically located sealed pipe, the dimensions of which are selected based on the conditions for the formation of an air cushion in the area of the electric generator, sufficient to prevent water from penetrating into the housing of the electric generator. The use of a standard electric generator at a submerged microhydroelectric power station led to the sealing of the housing in which it is located and to the use of a gear transmission - a multiplier.

The disadvantage of such a hydroelectric power station is the complexity and low-tech design of the sealed housing and the drive with a mechanical multiplier, which reduce the reliability of the installation and lead to high labor intensity and cost of its manufacture.

A coastal hydroelectric power station is known (RF patent No. 2023903, IPC F03B 13/00, published on November 30, 1994), which has a water intake pipeline oriented with the inlet against the flow of water. The pipeline is L-shaped, its inlet section is confuser. Water intake pipelines are connected to water-lifting sections to form V-shaped channels. The channels communicate with each other in series. The output of each previous channel is located above the input of the next one. Water-lifting sections are installed on the shore in one or several rows. Electric generators are located inside the water-lifting area.

The disadvantages of this analogue include the presence of coastal canals, which require a large amount of expensive hydraulic engineering work during its construction, as well as the underwater location of power generating equipment, which increases the cost and reduces the reliability and durability of its operation.

The closest technical solution to the claimed invention is a hydroelectric power station (RF patent No. 2342486, IPC E02 B 9/00, F03B 13/10, published on December 27, 2008), containing an open switchgear, synchronous horizontal capsule hydro turbine generators placed in an intense flow water, while a base platform, vertical guide posts, a hoisting mechanism and a technological platform are introduced into the hydroelectric power station, and these synchronous generators are combined into at least two vertical areal honeycomb-capsule systems and suspended in pairs and movably above and/or below water surface with the help of a lowering mechanism to the guide posts, the lower ends of these guide posts are fixed on a base platform installed at the bottom of an intense water flow, areal honeycomb-capsule systems of synchronous generators are installed movably in guides connected to the bottom by anchor-rope fastenings, and an open distribution device is installed on guides above the water surface.

The disadvantages of this technical solution are the high cost, as well as the complexity of manufacturing a hydraulic turbine made as a capsule, as well as the possibility of braking the turbine due to the location of the blades perpendicular to the flow in a wide range of depths, and it is known that the flow speed is variable in depth and the closer to the surface, the greater it is . In addition, such a hydroelectric power station can only operate on a water flow that has high speed and depth, which is practically impossible in river areas, since in the upper reaches of rivers there is high speed, but there is no flow depth, and in the flat parts there is depth, but extremely low speed water flow.

The claimed invention solves the technical problem of creating an efficient flow-through hydroelectric power station with the ability to operate at low water flow rates without loss of power from the difference in the location of the working turbine rotors in depth and in a wide range of possible water flow depths.

The technical problem is solved by the fact that the coastal flow hydroelectric power station contains a hydraulic turbine installed on a turbine platform, which is a prefabricated structure installed on a pile foundation at the bottom of the reservoir, unlike the prototype, the prefabricated structure is made of reinforced concrete panel elements and includes a bottom housing , a support plate, a working body, at least one intermediate body, an upper body; the hydraulic turbine is made in the form of working rotors attached to the drive shaft, with the possibility of their free rotation in the working body of a reinforced concrete structure; At the upper end of the drive shaft, located above the upper edge of the turbine platform above the water level, a large-diameter drive pulley is fixed, connected by means of a conveyor-belt drive to the driven pulley of the step-up gearbox, connected through a safety clutch to the multiplier, connected through a safety clutch to the oil pump included into a hydrodynamic transmission, the hydraulic motor of which, installed in the onshore premises, ensures rotation of the electric generator. The conveyor-belt drive is a five-layer ten-centimeter conveyor belt, with holes made in the three outermost adjacent layers located near the inner surface to prevent slipping of the driven pulley.

The turbine platform of the proposed invention, in contrast to the prototype, consists of simple and cheap to manufacture reinforced concrete panel elements, which can be produced at any enterprise for the production of reinforced concrete building panels, using standard equipment. The small size of the panel elements of the turbine platform components (bottom casing, base plate, working, intermediate and upper casings) greatly simplifies their assembly and installation in a permanent place. This design solution of the turbine platform makes it possible to use not only deep reservoirs, but also water areas with a wide range of water flow depths for the construction of a hydroelectric power station.

The hydraulic turbine in the proposed invention is very simple in design; it has a shaft assembled from drill rods, on which several working rotors are mounted, depending on the depth of the water flow, with 24 or 48 working rotary petals, which allow you to obtain greater working surface of contact with the water flow, which ensures that acceptable power is obtained from the rotor even at a water flow speed of less than 1 meter per second. The prototype hydraulic turbine cannot operate effectively at such water flow rates.

The kinematic diagram of the turbine platform, including a drive pulley having a large diameter (in the proposed drawings 3470 mm), a conveyor-belt drive, a driven pulley of an overdrive gearbox, an overdrive gearbox, a safety clutch, a multiplier, a safety clutch, ensures an increase in the number of revolutions of the driven shaft after the multiplier up to values that ensure efficient operation of the oil pump included in the hydrodynamic transmission, the hydraulic motor of which, installed in the onshore premises, ensures rotation of the electric generator. This constructive solution of transferring the rotation of a hydraulic turbine to an electric generator makes it possible to place current-generating equipment in the onshore premises of the station, which reduces its cost and significantly increases its reliability and service life.

A stationary onshore flow-through hydroelectric power station can include any number of onshore flow-through complexes (BFC), consisting of several (up to 25) turbine platforms.

The drive shaft can be made of drill rods connected by couplings. Depending on the depth of the water flow, a hydraulic turbine can consist of several 24 or 48 blade working rotors.

The device is illustrated by the figures:

Fig. 1 - Turbine platform

Fig. 2 - Pile base of the platform

Fig. 3 - Bottom body of the platform

Fig. 4 - Platform base plate

Fig. 5 - Platform working body

Fig. 6 - Intermediate platform body

Fig. 7 - Upper platform body

Fig. 8 - Drive shaft of the working turbine and its rotor components

Fig. 9 - Turbine rotor with rotating blades

Fig. 10 - Beginning of the kinematic diagram (drive pulley, driven pulley, speed-up gearbox)

Fig. 11 - Conveyor-belt drive

Fig. 12 - Nodes of the platform kinematic diagram

Fig. 13 Start of hydrodynamic transmission (oil pump, high pressure oil line)

Fig. 14 Layout of units in the onshore BOD room

A coastal flow-through hydroelectric power station consists of a certain number of coastal flow-through complexes (BFC) (their number is determined by the required power of the station), which includes several (up to 25) turbine platforms, each of which is a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure 1 (Fig. 1), installed onto the pile foundation 2 (Fig. 2) to the bottom of the reservoir. Prefabricated reinforced concrete structure 1 of the turbine platform includes a bottom housing 3 (Fig. 3), a base plate 4 (Fig. 4), a working housing 5 (Fig. 5), at least one intermediate housing 6 (Fig. 6), upper housing 7 (Fig. 7). The number of intermediate buildings 6 in the turbine platform is determined by its location in the BOD, since each subsequent turbine platform is shifted deeper into the river bed, relative to the previous one, to increase the efficiency of its operation and the magnitude of the rise of flood waters on the river so that the upper housing 7 of the turbine platform is not affected by them was flooded. Hydraulic turbine 8 (Fig. 1) is installed on a turbine platform and consists of working rotors 10 mounted on the drive shaft 9, which are designed to rotate freely in the working housing 5 of a reinforced concrete structure (Fig. 8).

The working rotors 10 (Fig. 9) of the hydraulic turbine 8 are made of 24 or 48 rotary working blades. The number of rotating working blades in the rotor depends on the speed of water flow in river waters. Where its speed is greater than 1 m/sec, the turbine will work effectively with 24 rotating blades. And where the flow speed is less than 1 m/sec, for the hydraulic turbine to operate efficiently, it is necessary to increase the number of rotating working blades on its rotors to 48.

The upper edge of the turbine platform is located above the water level. At the upper end of the drive shaft 9, located above the upper edge of the turbine platform, there is a large-diameter drive pulley 11 (Fig. 10), connected by a conveyor-belt drive 12 to a driven pulley 13 of the boost gearbox 14. The conveyor-belt drive 12 is a five-layer ten-centimeter conveyor belt, in the three outer adjacent layers, which are located near the inner surface, relative to the tension, holes 15 are made (Fig. 11) to prevent slipping of the driven pulley 13. The boost gearbox 14 is connected through a safety clutch 16 to the multiplier 17 (Fig. 12). The multiplier 17 is connected through a safety clutch 18 to an oil pump 19 (Fig. 13), which is part of the hydrodynamic transmission.

The hydrodynamic transmission is an oil pump 19 having a high-pressure oil line 20 connected to an inlet valve 21 (Fig. 14), standing on a high-pressure oil tank 22, connected by an inlet oil line 23 to a hydraulic motor 24 connected to an electric generator 25. Outlet oil lines 26 connected to the low pressure tank 27, which is connected to the low pressure oil line 28 of the oil pump 19.

Inlet valves 21, high oil pressure tanks 22, inlet oil line 23, hydraulic motor 24, electric generator 25, outlet oil line 26, low pressure tank 27 are located in the onshore room 29.

The drive shaft 9, using housings with bearings 30 (Fig. 7) and 31 (Fig. 4), is mounted in the upper and lower parts of the turbine platform.

A coastal flow hydroelectric power station operates as follows:

Separate parts of the platform are mounted on the shore from reinforced concrete slabs, and then assembled into a solid structure at a permanent location. On the pile foundation 2 (Fig. 2) at the bottom of the river, the bottom support body 3 (Fig. 3) is first installed. A support plate 4 is inserted into it (Fig. 4) into the central hole of which the lower end of the drive shaft of the turbine 9 is attached to the housing with a bearing 31. The working body of the platform 5 is installed on the support plate 4, where the working rotors of the turbine 10 are located. Their number depends on the depth water flow and can range from 1 to 6 on river versions of onshore turbine platforms. One or more intermediate housings 6 are installed on the working body of the platform 5, and the upper housing 7 of the turbine platform is installed on it.

At the upper end of the drive shaft 9 of the hydraulic turbine, a drive pulley of a larger diameter 11 is fixed (Fig. 10), transmitting rotation through a special conveyor-belt drive 12 to the driven pulley of the step-up gearbox 13; from the step-up gearbox 14 through the safety clutch 16, the rotation is transmitted to the multiplier 17 (Fig. 11), connected through a safety coupling 18 to the oil pump 19, the rotation of which ensures the creation of pressure in the high-pressure oil line 20 (Fig. 13), delivering it to the onshore room of the BOD 29 (Fig. 14) through the inlet valve 21 into the high-pressure tank oil pressure 22, connected by an inlet oil line 23 to a hydraulic motor 24 driving an electric generator 25, and an outlet oil line 26 connected to a low-pressure tank 27 from which, via a low-pressure oil line 28, the oil again enters the oil pump 19 for the next cycle of operation of the hydrodynamic transmission .

The electricity received from electric generators at this coastal flow complex (BFC) is transferred to the electrical substation of the hydroelectric power station. From the electrical substation, electricity enters the consumer electrical network system.

At low-power hydroelectric power plants of the proposed type, current control equipment can be installed directly in the current-generating room 29, and then sent to local networks to consumers.

Due to their block design, coastal flow hydroelectric power stations can be of any capacity, from mobile (on all-terrain vehicle chassis for gas workers, oil workers and the military), to stationary, capable of providing electricity from a small remote weather station or village to entire cities on the banks of large rivers.

The stationary version of a coastal flow-through hydroelectric power station includes several coastal flow-through complexes located along the river bank and each of which can have up to 25 turbine platforms.

The proposed technical solution makes it possible to create, with minimal labor, money and materials, almost any required area of the working surfaces of turbines, and hence the power of hydroelectric power plants. Compared to the prototype, its creation is much simpler, cheaper and can be used in river areas with a wide range of water flow depths and speeds.

The low cost of creating the proposed invention is largely determined by the almost complete absence of embankment hydraulic engineering works. In addition, the installation of reinforced concrete platform foundations is very simple, consisting in the sequential installation of their elements on a pile foundation at the bottom of the river.

The location of power generating equipment at the proposed station in a special room on the shore can greatly reduce its cost, but at the same time significantly increase its reliability and longevity.

To create the proposed type of station, it is not necessary to set up the production of new complex mechanisms and units, but can be equipped with already commercially produced oil pumps, gearboxes, multipliers, hydraulic motors and electric generators of the required power. The turbine drive shaft, as noted above, can be made of drill rods connected by serial couplings. The design of the drive pulley makes it easy to manufacture it from sheet metal or plastic and hardware of the required size. The special conveyor-belt drive proposed in the invention can also easily be made from commercially available conveyor belts.

The proposed invention can work effectively all year round on flat sections of rivers with low elevation differences along the bed and low water flow speed, and can also be used on sea or ocean currents. It allows you to avoid any negative environmental impacts on the water area used or its inhabitants, and will not interfere with navigation and will not have a negative impact on its recreational opportunities.

The technical result achieved by using the proposed invention is the simplicity of manufacturing a hydraulic turbine when converting the energy of flowing water with the ability to operate at low speeds of water flow without loss of power from the difference in the location of the working rotors of the turbine in depth and in a wide range of possible depths of the water flow.

Claims (3)

1. An onshore flow-through hydroelectric power station containing a hydraulic turbine mounted on a turbine platform, which is a prefabricated structure installed on a pile foundation at the bottom of a reservoir, characterized in that the prefabricated structure is made of reinforced concrete panel elements and includes a bottom housing, a base plate, and a working housing, at least one intermediate housing, upper housing, wherein the hydraulic turbine is made in the form of working rotors attached to the drive shaft with the possibility of their free rotation in the working housing of the reinforced concrete structure, and at the upper end of the drive shaft located above the upper edge of the turbine platform above at the water level, the drive pulley is fixed, connected by means of a conveyor-belt drive to the driven pulley of the step-up gearbox, connected through a safety clutch to the multiplier, connected through a safety clutch to the oil pump included in the hydrodynamic transmission, the hydraulic motor of which, installed in the onshore room, ensures rotation of the electric generator . 2. Onshore flow hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the conveyor-belt drive is a five-layer ten-centimeter conveyor belt, and in the three outermost adjacent layers located near the inner surface, holes are made to prevent slipping of the driven pulley. 3. Onshore flow-through hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine platform casings are made of prefabricated reinforced concrete panel elements.

Images