RU2845185C1 - Hybrid two-dimensional axial wind-solar generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: hybrid two-dimensional axial wind-solar generator includes axial anchor with winding and brush-and-collector device of DC machine and axial rotor, which have the possibility of free rotation relative to each other. AC generator winding is additionally laid in armature slots and its output is connected to AC network by means of three slip rings and three brushes. Wind turbine transmits torque via free-wheel clutch to armature shaft. On external surface of rotor base there are main poles fixed by means of material with high magnetic resistance axially to surface of armature, which are positioned radially relative to each other and made of permanent magnets. On external axial surface of main poles there fixed is yoke in the form of thin-wall disc made of material with low magnetic resistance. Armature winding is connected to DC source through brush-collector device, contact rings to brushes located on outer side of rotor base. Axis of brushes of brush-collector device is located perpendicular to axis of main poles. A free-wheel clutch connecting the end shield to the rotor base is located on the end shield. DC source connection polarity is coordinated so that torques created by the wind turbine and the armature winding from the main poles coincide in direction.

EFFECT: increased quantity, uniformity of three-phase alternating current supply, increased reliability and stability of power system operation.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used as an electromechanical converter of mechanical energy supplied to one (mechanical) input of a machine and direct current electrical energy supplied to its other input (electrical) into total alternating current electrical energy with the ability to operate both separately from each source and jointly.

The closest to the claimed invention in terms of technical essence and achievable technical result and adopted by the author as a prototype is a two-dimensional axial electric machine-generator (RU Patent No. 2349014, 2009).

A two-dimensional axial electric machine-generator containing an anchor with a winding and a brush-collector apparatus of a direct current machine and a rotor with a short-circuited winding of the squirrel cage type, having the ability to rotate freely relative to each other, wherein the rotor and anchor are made axial, and in the anchor slots an alternating current generator winding is additionally laid, the output of which is connected to the alternating current network using three contact rings and three brushes.

The operating principle is based on the summation and conversion of mechanical energy (for example, wind energy) and direct current electrical energy (for example, solar energy coming from photovoltaic converters) into three-phase (or more) alternating current electrical energy with more stable parameters of electrical energy at the output than in the case of using traditional electromechanical energy converters.

The positive qualities of this design are: low consumption of electrical steel, which reduces the cost of production; simplification of the manufacturing technology due to the simplification of winding work in the axial magnetic circuit.

However, this design of an electromechanical energy converter can only operate when there are two renewable energy sources (RES) at once (for example, the sun and wind with their inherent features - uneven, stochastic and basically non-coinciding nature of energy supply), which increases the unevenness of energy supply and, thus, reduces the efficiency of using RES, sharply limits the scope of application of this machine and reduces the reliability and stability of the power system.

The claimed invention solves the problem of expanding the scope of application, obtaining energy both separately from each renewable source and together with subsequent summation and conversion into electrical energy of three-phase alternating current with more stable parameters of electrical energy at the output.

The technical result consists in increasing the quantity and uniformity of the supply of three-phase alternating current electric energy, and increasing the reliability and stability of the power system.

The technical result is achieved in that in a hybrid two-dimensional axial wind-solar generator containing an axial anchor with a winding and a brush-collector apparatus of a direct current machine and an axial rotor, having the ability to rotate freely relative to each other, and in the anchor slots an alternating current generator winding is additionally laid, the output of which is connected to the alternating current network using three contact rings and three brushes, wherein the wind turbine transmits torque through an overrunning clutch to the anchor shaft, on the outer surface of the rotor base the main poles are fixed, using a material with high magnetic resistance, axially to the surface of the anchor, which are positioned radially relative to each other and are made of permanent magnets, on the outer axial surface of the main poles a yoke in the form of a thin-walled disk made of a material with low magnetic resistance is fixed, the anchor winding is connected to a direct current source via a brush-collector apparatus, contact rings to brushes located on the outer side of the base rotor, wherein the axis of the brushes of the brush-collector apparatus is located perpendicular to the axis of the main poles, at the same time, an overrunning clutch is located on the bearing shield, connecting the bearing shield to the base of the rotor, and the polarity of the connection of the direct current source is matched in such a way that the torques created by the wind turbine armature winding from the main poles coincide in direction.

The possibility of using one renewable energy source, for example, only from a wind turbine or only from a source of electrical energy coming from photovoltaic converters or from the energy of storage batteries, separately and together with subsequent summation and conversion into electrical energy of three-phase alternating current leads to an expansion of the scope of application of the electromechanical converter, an increase in the amount and uniformity of the supply of three-phase alternating current energy, and an increase in the reliability and stability of the power system.

This is achieved through the design features of the hybrid two-dimensional axial wind-solar generator, which allow energy to flow both jointly and separately from two sides: from a source of mechanical energy and/or from a source of direct current in the form of torque on the rotor with the main poles.

The essence of the device is explained by drawings.

Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of the main view of a hybrid two-dimensional axial wind-solar generator (HDAW-SG).

Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of the main view of the GDAV-SG with the rotor rotated by 90 degrees.

Fig. 3 shows a cross-section A-A of the GDAV-SG.

Fig. 4 shows a cross-section A-A of the GDAV-SG to describe its operating principle.

Fig. 5 shows a cross-section A-A of the GDAV-SG to describe its operating principle.

The GDAV-SG contains an axial anchor 1 with a winding 2 placed in slots 3, a collector 4, and brushes 5 (Fig. 1). The collector 4 together with the brushes 5 form a brush-collector apparatus of a direct current machine. Through wires 6, the brushes 5 are connected to contact rings 7, brushes 8, and to a direct current source.

The shaft 9 of the axial anchor 1 is positioned in the bearing shields 10,11 using bearings 12, 13 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2).

In the slots 3 of the axial anchor 1, an alternating current generator winding 14 is additionally placed, the output of which is connected to the alternating current network using three contact rings 15 and three brushes 16, for the purpose of transmitting the generated electrical energy to consumers.

The base of the rotor 17 has a high magnetic resistance.

On the outer surface of the rotor base 17, main poles 18,19 are fixed and located axially to the surface of the axial anchor 1, which are positioned radially relative to each other and are made of permanent magnets (Fig. 2, Fig. 3).

On the outer axial surface of the main poles 18,19, a yoke 20 is fixed in the form of a thin-walled disk made of a material with low magnetic resistance (Fig. 2).

Contact rings 7 with brushes 8 are located on the outer side of the rotor base 17.

The axis of the brushes 5 of the brush-collector apparatus is located perpendicular to the axis of the main poles 18, 19 (Fig. 3).

On the bearing shield 11 there is an overrunning clutch 21, connecting the bearing shield 11 with the base of the rotor 17, while the polarity of the connection of the direct current source is coordinated in such a way that the torques created by the source of mechanical energy and the winding of the armature 2 from the main poles 18, 19 coincide in direction.

The axial anchor 1 is secured on the shaft 9, and between the axial anchor 1 and the main poles 18, 19 there is a working air gap 22. The presence of the working air gap 22 allows the axial anchor 1 to rotate freely relative to the main poles 18, 19 together with the winding 2 and the alternating current generator winding 14, placed in the slots 3.

The main magnetic flux Ф, created by the inductor, consisting of the main poles 18, 19, passes from the main pole 18 through the working air gap 22, the axial anchor 1, the working air gap 22 to the main pole 19 and from it through the yoke 20 closes on the main pole 18 (Fig. 2).

The shaft 9 of the axial anchor 1 is positioned in the bearing shields 10,11 using bearings 12,13 and the wind turbine transmits torque through the overrunning clutch 23, shaft 9 to the axial anchor 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2).

It should be noted that in this case we have the simplest case of a machine with one pair of main poles 18, 19 and brushes 5. The design of the GDAV-SG allows for a multiple increase in the number of main poles 18, 19 (with alternating polarity of the poles) with brushes 5.

The GDAV-SG has two rotating parts and two degrees of freedom, is a hybrid and the combination of elements in this design allows the use of the principle of multifunctional operation of the units.

The hybrid two-dimensional axial wind-solar generator works as follows.

In the absence of wind energy, but the presence of direct current electric energy, the overrunning clutch 23 disconnects the GDAV-SG from the wind turbine in order to avoid wasting additional energy on spinning the wind turbine blades in the opposite direction.

Direct voltage from photoelectric converters or a battery through brushes 8, contact rings 7 located on the outer side of the rotor base 17, wires 6, brushes 5, collector 4 is fed to winding 2 of axial anchor 1. Since the electrical circuit is closed, direct current will flow through it.

The main poles 18, 19 create the main magnetic flux Ф, which passes from the main pole 18 through the working air gaps 22, the axial anchor 1 and from it through the yoke 20 closes on the main pole 19.

In this case, electromagnetic forces will act on the conductors of winding 2, laid in slots 3 of axial anchor 1, the magnitude of which is found from the ratio (Voldek A.I. Electrical machines. - Textbook for students of higher technical educational institutions. 2nd edition, revised and supplemented: "Energy", 1974. - 840 p., p. 30):

Fpr=BlIa, (1)

Where - the value of magnetic induction;

- current flowing through the armature winding conductor;

- active length of the anchor magnetic circuit.

A force of the same magnitude but opposite in direction will act on the main poles 18, 19. The shaft 9 of the axial anchor 1 with the winding 2 and the main poles 18,19 will begin to rotate in opposite directions under the influence of the electromagnetic moment created by the electromagnetic forces in the bearing shields 10,11 on the bearings 12,13 (Fig. 4).

Since the main magnetic flux Ф crosses the axial anchor 1, in the slots 3 of which the alternating current generator winding 14 is additionally laid, then according to the law of electromagnetic induction, an EMF will be induced in it:

, (2)

Where - rate of change of magnetic flux;

- number of turns of the alternating current generator winding 14.

If you connect an electrical load to an alternating current network, the electrical circuit through three brushes 16, three contact rings 15, and an alternating current winding 14 will be closed and alternating current will arise in it.

In the presence of wind energy, but in the absence of direct current electric energy, the wind turbine, through the overrunning clutch 23, rotates the shaft 9 of the axial anchor 1, whereby the main poles 18, 19 become driven with respect to the axial anchor 1 and the overrunning clutch 21 connects the bearing shield 11 with the base of the rotor 17 and the main poles 18, 19 are fixed motionless with respect to the bearing shield 11 (Fig. 5).

Since the main magnetic flux Ф crosses the axial anchor 1, in the slots 3 of which the alternating current generator winding 14 is additionally laid, then according to the law of electromagnetic induction, an EMF will be induced in it, the value of which is determined by formula 2.

If you connect an electrical load to an alternating current network, the electrical circuit through three brushes 16, three contact rings 15, and an alternating current winding 14 will be closed and alternating current will arise in it.

In the presence of wind energy and direct current electric energy, direct voltage from photovoltaic converters or a battery through brushes 8, contact rings 7 located on the outer side of the base of the rotor 17, wires 6, brushes 5, collector 4 is supplied to winding 2 of the axial anchor 1. Since the electric circuit is closed, direct current will flow through it

The main poles 18, 19 create the main magnetic flux Ф, which passes from the main pole 18 through the working air gaps 22, the axial anchor 1 and from it through the yoke 20 closes on the main pole 19.

In this case, electromagnetic forces will act on the conductors of winding 2, laid in the slots 3 of axial anchor 1, the magnitude of which is determined by formula 1. A force of the same magnitude, but opposite in direction, will act on the main poles 18, 19.

The shaft 9 of the axial anchor 1 with the winding 2 and the main poles 18,19 will begin to rotate in opposite directions under the influence of the electromagnetic moment created by electromagnetic forces on the bearings 12, 13.

In this case, the polarity of the connection of the direct current source is coordinated in such a way that the torques created by the wind turbine and winding 2 of the axial anchor 1 from the main poles 18, 19 coincide in direction, which makes it possible to transfer energy (in the form of additional torque) from the wind turbine to the axial anchor 1, summing up the energy of the renewable energy source.

Since the main magnetic flux Ф crosses the axial anchor 1, in the slots 3 of which the alternating current winding 14 is additionally laid, then according to the law of electromagnetic induction, an EMF will be induced in it according to formula 2.

If you connect an electrical load to an alternating current network, the electrical circuit through three brushes 16, three contact rings 15, and an alternating current winding 14 will be closed and alternating current will arise in it.

Claims (1)

A hybrid two-dimensional axial wind-solar generator comprising an axial anchor with a winding and a brush-collector apparatus of a direct current machine and an axial rotor, which are capable of freely rotating relative to each other, and an alternating current generator winding is additionally placed in the anchor slots, the output of which is connected to an alternating current network using three contact rings and three brushes, characterized in that the wind turbine transmits torque through an overrunning clutch to the armature shaft, on the outer surface of the rotor base, main poles are fixed axially to the armature surface using a material with high magnetic resistance, which are positioned radially relative to each other and are made of permanent magnets, a yoke in the form of a thin-walled disk made of a material with low magnetic resistance is fixed on the outer axial surface of the main poles, the armature winding is connected to a source of direct current through a brush-collector apparatus, slip rings to the brushes located on the outer side of the rotor base, wherein the axis of the brushes of the brush-collector apparatus is located perpendicular to the axis of the main poles, at the same time, an overrunning clutch is located on the bearing shield, connecting the bearing shield to the rotor base, and the polarity of the connection of the direct current source is matched in such a way that the torques created by the wind turbine and the armature winding from the main poles coincide in direction.