RU2841455C1 - Method of sampling biological material for microbiological analysis using a sterile brush - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical science.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to dentistry, and is applicable in microbiological analysis of a biological material. Graduated probe is used to determine a periodontal pocket depth within the examined tooth. Based on the obtained result, a brush of the corresponding size and shape is selected from the set of brushes. Selected brush is then sterilized in an autoclave. After sterilization, without touching the bristles, the pocket content is sampled by introducing the brush into the gingival pocket in parallel to the tooth axis with visually controlling the immersion depth, making 2 clockwise rotations of the brush around its axis and 2 counter-clockwise rotations around its axis. Thereafter, the brush is removed from the periodontal pocket and placed into a sterile test tube for further microbiological examination. Pre-determined size and shape of the brush are used when performing daily hygienic procedures at home. Used brushes can have a cylindrical or conical shape, different bristle hardness.

EFFECT: by maintaining the integrity of the mucosa during the procedure, as well as further use of the interdental brush for hygienic measures at home, the method enables more accurate diagnosis and prescribing the adequate and well-timed treatment.

7 cl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to dentistry, and can be used in conducting microbiological research of biological material, as well as for further hygienic procedures at home.

Diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases remains one of the leading problems in dentistry. One of the most effective diagnostic methods is the study of biological material. When signs of microflora imbalance are detected, the patient is offered a number of laboratory tests that allow the specialist to diagnose early manifestations of diseases such as gingivitis, stomatitis, chronic periodontitis, allows to determine disorders in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as monitor the treatment process and its effectiveness.

There are many known methods for collecting biological material for microbiological research.

For example, "Method for collecting gingival fluid using an adsorbent material" (patent No. RU 2342956 C1), which consists in using wedge-shaped target strips made of a lavsan plate as the adsorbent material, which have a thickness of 50-70 μm, a rounded working part with a width of 1.0-1.5 mm and a height of 0.8-1.0 mm and a free end, with a width of 10 mm and a height of up to 25 mm, while the target strip is inserted into the gingival sulcus for 3-5 s without effort and without touching its walls and bottom, and then material is collected in the middle, medial and lateral parts of the gingival sulcus in the area of the tooth being examined 3-5 hours after brushing the teeth, provided that the person being examined has not eaten during the specified period of time, and a new target plate is used each time. The disadvantage of this method is the complexity and length of preparation of equipment and materials before the procedure, as well as trauma, since the lavsan plate, when used for a long time, being in the gingival groove, can lead to irritation of its bottom and walls and contribute to hyperproduction of gingival fluid.

Also known is an instrument for collecting the contents of a periodontal pocket (patent No. RU 180687 U1) consisting of a handle and a working part having an atraumatic tip, bristles for collecting biological material, a thread for connecting to a protective cap, a notch for separating, characterized in that the handle of the instrument has a ribbed surface; the body bends at an angle of 150°, then passes into the working part at an angle of 60°; above the atraumatic tip on the working part, bristles up to 0.4 mm long are located in a spiral at an angle of 45°; colored marks are applied to the working part at a distance of 4 mm and 6 mm from the atraumatic tip; the notch for separating the working part is located under the thread serving for connecting to the protective cap. The disadvantage of the instrument is that the bristles on its working part are arranged in a spiral, which makes it difficult to use the instrument to collect contents from the gingival groove; when separating the working part of the instrument from the body, it is necessary to perform additional manipulations in the form of cutting it off, which can lead to contamination of biological material and distortion of the results of microbiological research.

The problem that the invention is aimed at solving is to develop a method for collecting biological material while maintaining the integrity of the mucous membrane during the procedure, as well as the subsequent use of an interdental brush when performing hygiene procedures at home.

The technical result of the invention is a widely applicable and accessible method of collecting biological material for conducting research, the results of which provide deep and accurate insights into the pathogenesis of various diseases, which allows for a more accurate diagnosis and the prescription of complete and timely treatment.

When implementing the method, the degree of hardness and shape of the interdental brush should be taken into account. The following can be used to perform the procedure:

- brushes in the form of a cylinder, suggest the same length of bristles along the entire length of the base;

- cone-shaped dental brushes, the bristles of which become shorter as they approach the tip, allowing you to penetrate deeper into hard-to-reach places.

The degree of bristle stiffness is also determined based on the necessary research.

The method is as follows. The material is collected in the morning on an empty stomach, before brushing your teeth. Using probes, the doctor measures the depth of the interdental space and determines the correct size of the interdental brush. After that, the selected brush is sterilized in an autoclave for 25-45 minutes at a temperature of 120-150 degrees - depending on the material of the rods and handles of the brushes. After sterilization, the contents of the periodontal pocket are collected. For research, the volume of biological fluid should be 3-5 ml. Without touching other surfaces, the interdental brush is inserted into the periodontal pocket, parallel to the axis of the tooth, under visual control of the penetration depth, and the brush is rotated 2 times around its axis clockwise and 2 times around its axis counterclockwise. After that, the brush is placed in a sterile test tube for further microbiological research. In addition, the size of the brush installed during the procedure corresponds to the size of the interdental brush used during daily oral hygiene procedures at home.

Example 1:

Patient M., 35 years old, complained of bleeding gums while eating and brushing her teeth.

From the anamnesis: for 5 years the patient had implants installed on the upper and lower jaws, veneers were installed in the area of all teeth; Professional hygiene was performed 2 times; From hygiene products, she used a medium-hard toothbrush and paste

Objectively: The mucous membrane in the area of all teeth is edematous and hyperemic; Bleeding areas are detected during probing of soft tissues; It is very painful upon palpation.

To confirm the preliminary diagnoses - inflammation of soft tissues and bone around the implants; gingivitis - the patient was asked to submit biological material for research. Using a probe, a Curaprox brush was selected. After that, the selected brush was sterilized in an autoclave for 25 minutes at a temperature of 120 degrees. After sterilization, the interdental brush was inserted into the periodontal pocket, parallel to the axis of the tooth, under visual control of the depth of penetration, and 2 revolutions of the brush around its axis clockwise and 2 revolutions around its axis counterclockwise were performed. After that, the brush was placed in a sterile test tube and diagnostic studies were carried out, as a result of which the diagnosis of gingivitis was confirmed. In addition, the patient was selected the size of the brush for daily oral hygiene procedures at home.

Example 2.

Patient D., 58 years old, came with complaints of constant bleeding gums when brushing his teeth.

From the anamnesis: 2 years ago the patient had bridge prostheses installed on the upper and lower jaw. An implant was installed in the area of tooth 36 more than 7 years ago.

Objectively: During examination, bridge prostheses are determined. The mucous membrane is edematous and hyperemic. According to RG data, bone tissue loss, bone pockets are determined in the area of all teeth.

Preliminary diagnosis: chronic generalized periodontitis.

Treatment: At the initial appointment, hygiene training and selection of interdental brushes were conducted. A periodontal sanitation plan was drawn up. To confirm the diagnosis, the patient was asked to provide biological material. Having measured the depth of the periodontal pocket, the doctor determined the correct size of the interdental brush for the procedure. After that, the selected brush was sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes at a temperature of 150 degrees and the contents of the periodontal pocket were collected. The interdental brush was inserted into the periodontal pocket, parallel to the axis of the tooth, under visual control of the penetration depth, and 2 revolutions of the brush around its axis clockwise and 2 revolutions around its axis counterclockwise were performed. After that, the brush was placed in a sterile test tube for further microbiological studies. The preliminary diagnosis of chronic generalized periodontitis was confirmed.

Claims (8)

1. A method for collecting biological material, which consists in determining the depth of the periodontal pocket in the area of the tooth being examined using a graduated probe, selecting a brush of the appropriate size and shape from a set of brushes based on the result obtained, then sterilizing the selected brush in an autoclave for 25-45 minutes at a temperature of 120-150 degrees, after sterilization is complete, without touching the bristles, collecting the contents of the pocket by inserting the brush into the periodontal pocket parallel to the axis of the tooth, visually monitoring the depth of immersion, making 2 turns of the brush around its axis clockwise and 2 turns around its axis counterclockwise, after which the brush is removed from the periodontal pocket and placed in a sterile test tube for further microbiological testing, while the previously determined size and shape of the brush are used in daily hygiene procedures at home. 2. The method of collecting according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the brushes have a cylindrical or conical shape. 3. The method of collecting according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the stiffness of the bristles of the brush can be ultra-soft, soft, medium, or extra-hard. 4. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the dental brushes used are those with rods made of metal. 5. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the brushes used are dental brushes whose rods are made of plastic. 4. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that they use dental brushes whose rods are made of metal and dental brushes whose rods are made of plastic. 6. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that a set of dental brushes is used, including metal handles. 7. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that a set of dental brushes is used, including plastic handles.