RU2730156C1 - Bypass controlled valve - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to oil and gas industry, namely to bypass well valves controlled by pressure drop from wellhead and intended for flushing of well or discharge of excess pressure. Controlled bypass valve comprises housing with annular projection on inner surface and drain radial channels, limitedly movable in axial direction slide valve, covering drain channels when moving upwards and opening drain channels at downward movement, and compression spring. Slide valve is equipped with a through axial channel – a seat, in which a check valve shutoff element is installed. Annular ledge is located below drain channels, spring is installed between annular ledge and slide valve, made with possibility of tight fit to inner surface of housing. Slide valve is equipped on the outside with diagonal radial pins. Pins to limit longitudinal movement are inserted into inner looped groove of housing, made of symmetric alternating short and long longitudinal samples connected by shaped slot. Groove allows reciprocating movement in the slide valve body under action of pressure and spring in-series arrangement of corresponding pins in long recesses for closing drain channels and short recesses for opening of drain channels. Spring force is higher than that of liquid column pressing on slide valve.EFFECT: providing operation in small diameter wells due to small number of parts inserted into each other, higher reliability due to large and easy-to-manufacture and maintenance shutoff element and valve seat.3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the oil and gas industry, namely to bypass borehole valves, controlled by a pressure drop from the wellhead, and designed for flushing a well or relieving excess pressure.

A device for pre-start cleaning of a well is known (patent RU No. 2531149, IPC E21B 37/00, publ. 20.10.2014 Bull. No. 29), containing an electric centrifugal pump suspended on a tubing string, forming an annular space with the wellbore, a starting coupling connecting the electric centrifugal pump with the tubing string, in the wall of which an aerator is made, which has the ability to communicate the tubing channel with the annular space of the wellbore, a hollow shut-off valve, a rope controlled from the wellhead, and the hollow shut-off valve is made in the form of a whipped a finger installed in the starting sleeve aerator with the possibility of destruction under the influence of the weight of the load dumped into the tubing string from the wellhead, and the communication of the tubing channel with the annular space of the wellbore, while the starting sleeve above the aerator is equipped with an inner annular groove, in which the retaining ring is installed, and from below in an internal annular recess is made in the starting clutch, and in the starting clutch above the aerator, a hollow bushing is fixed with a shear element, equipped with a landing seat on top, while the hollow bushing has the ability to destroy the shear element and axially move down to stop in the inner annular selection under the action of excess pressure created in the tubing string after dropping the shut-off element into it and placing it on the seat of the hollow bushing, with the hollow bushing fixing with a retaining ring behind its upper end and hermetic overlap from the inside by the hollow bushing of the starting sleeve aerator, and the shut-off body is made in the form of a hemisphere with rigidly fixed to it from above with a rod equipped with a centralizer, while the upper end of the rod is equipped with a fishing head for a fishing tool that is lowered into the tubing string on a rope controlled from the wellhead to extract the shut-off element.

The disadvantages of this device are the presence of a churn valve, which, after destruction with a churned weight, remains in the well above the pump and interferes with the passage of the pumped liquid, an open churn valve remains open before lowering the hollow sleeve when pumping a gas-liquid mixture, which significantly reduces the efficiency of the pump and cleaning the well , to return the hollow bushing to its original state, it is necessary to disassemble the wellhead fittings, install a hoist to lower the polishing tool, which raises the hollow bushing to its original state, to open the churn valve channel, which requires a lot of time and money.

Also known is a bypass valve controlled (patent RU No. 2610953, IPC E21B 34/10, E21B 21/10, publ. 17.02.2017 Bull. No. 5), containing the upper and lower subs with a cylindrical cavity, the hollow body, placed between the sub, is made with a radial through hole, a spring-loaded piston, on the surface of which a figured controlled groove is made, a control pin, a nozzle located in the piston under the upper sub, a glass, a drain plug, a bearing, O-rings and the corresponding grooves in the glass, upper and lower subs, a spring a spiral, spring-loaded piston, and the upper sub is made with a cavity of variable cross-section: the conical part goes into a cylindrical, the hollow body in the upper part is made with longitudinal grooves on the inner surface, the piston is spring-loaded in a glass and is made T-shaped, the horizontal component limiting the movement of the piston , made with protrusions corresponding to the longitudinal grooves on the inner the surface of the body, the vertical component is made with a controllable code shaped groove with a final projection onto the plane, the control pin for the figured code groove is made of variable cross-section: the larger section is threaded and fixed by thread in the glass, the smaller section of the pin is made with a smooth surface and is located in the lower part controlled coded figured groove, the bottom end of the spring is rigidly fixed in the glass, the glass is made of a cylindrical shape of constant cross-section with a radial hole coaxially with the radial hole in the lower part of the body, with a bypass plug rigidly connected at the bottom end of the glass, made with a radial through hole, coaxial with the radial holes body and glass, a glass with a bypass plug and a spring in it is installed above the lower sub on the drain plug with the possibility of rotation on it, the drain plug is made with a vertical through hole eccentrically placed in it coaxially with the vertical through a hole eccentrically made in the bypass plug, the drain plug has protrusions that are rigidly fixed in the body, the surfaces of the plugs in contact with each other are made with a friction coefficient that provides antifriction properties.

The disadvantages of this valve are a narrow area of application due to the presence of a large number of coaxially inserted parts, which makes it impossible to use in small-diameter wells (with casing pipes ø 114 mm or less), low reliability, complexity of manufacture and maintenance due to complex and small hollow element (shut-off element) and plugs responsible for cutting off and redistributing the fluid flow, which are cut out small with a large number of complex flow channels.

The closest in technical essence is a downhole valve device (patent RU No. 2587654, IPC Е21В 34/08, publ. 20.06.2016 Bull. No. 17), containing a body with an annular protrusion on the inner surface, below which drain channels are made in the body, movable in the axial direction the spool has an upper and lower shank of a smaller diameter, drain windows are made in the upper part of the upper shank and a restricting collar is installed, and the lower spool shank is sealed against the body, in addition, the spool is equipped with a through axial channel in which a check valve is located, a spool is installed in the body with the formation of an annular starting chamber, in which an axially movable two-stage piston is placed on the upper shank, on the upper stage of which a hollow cylinder is installed, in the walls of which there are collets and drain windows, and the hollow cylinder is rigidly connected and aligned with the outer side with the upper stage axially movable two-stage piston, and on the inner side, the upper stage of the axially movable two-stage piston forms an annular landing protrusion made with the possibility of hermetically seating the limiting collar of the upper stem of the spool, in addition, the annular starting chamber is communicated with the axial channel of the spool by means of holes in the lower part of the upper stem, while the outer surface the lower stage of the larger diameter of the axially movable two-stage piston is made with the possibility of sealing against the inner surface of the housing, and the upper stage is made with the possibility of overlapping the drain channels of the housing and is made with the possibility of sealing against the annular protrusion of the housing at the extreme upper position of the piston, in addition, the collets are installed with the possibility interaction with the annular protrusion of the housing and with the limiting shoulder, and the area bounded by the sealed sides of the steps of the axially movable two-stage piston is made with the possibility of exceeding n horsepower, limited by the outer diameter of the lower stem of the spool, characterized in that on the lower stem of the spool there is a pressure relief valve with a spring-loaded shut-off element and made with the possibility of relieving pressure from the starting chamber, and an adjusting sleeve is installed on the body, and the adjusting sleeve is installed with the ability to interact with a shut-off element of the pressure relief valve when creating a pressure impulse to open the communication of the tubing inner cavity with the annulus.

The disadvantages of this valve device are a narrow area of application due to the presence of a large number of coaxially inserted parts, which makes it impossible to use in small-diameter wells (with casing pipes ø 114 mm or less), low reliability due to the presence of a small relief valve with a spring, which quickly fail, and for repair it is necessary to remove the entire device to the surface, a large decrease in the efficiency (efficiency) when working with deep cyclic pumps (for example, plunger, high-performance, etc.) due to the large stroke of the ball and the need for constant displacement of the inner sleeves, which significantly increases the opening and closing times of the valve device.

The technical objective of the proposed invention is to create a controllable bypass valve design, which allows working in small-diameter wells due to the small number of parts inserted into each other, to increase reliability due to a large and easy-to-manufacture and maintain shut-off element and valve seat and valve and not significantly reduce Efficiency due to the short stroke of the shut-off element.

The technical problem is solved by a controlled bypass valve, which includes a housing with an annular protrusion on the inner surface and drain radial channels, a spool that is movable in the axial direction, closes the drain channels when moving up and opens the drain channels when moving down, and a compression spring, and the spool is equipped with a through axial channel - a saddle in which the check valve blocking element is located.

What is new is that the annular protrusion is located below the drain channels, the spring is installed between the annular protrusion and the spool, which is made to fit snugly against the inner surface of the housing, and the spool is equipped with diagonally radial pins on the outside, which are inserted into the circular inner groove to limit longitudinal movement the body groove, which is made of symmetrical alternating short and long longitudinal grooves connected by a shaped groove, which allows, when reciprocating in the spool body under the action of pressure and a spring, the corresponding fonts are sequentially positioned in long samples to close the drain channels and short samples to open the drain channels, in this case, the force of the spring is higher than the force of the liquid column pressing on the spool.

It is also new that the shut-off element is made in the form of a ball that is junk from the wellhead.

What is also new is that the spool above the shut-off element is equipped with a leaky baffle that holds the shut-off element inside.

The drawing shows the valve with a partial longitudinal section.

The controlled bypass valve includes a housing 1 with an annular protrusion 2 on the inner surface 3 and radial drain channels 4, a spool 5 movable in the axial direction is limited, closing the drain channels 4 when moving up and opening the drain channels 4 when moving down, and a compression spring 6. Spool 5 is provided with a through axial channel - a seat 7, in which the check valve 8 is located. The annular protrusion 2 is located below the drain channels 4. The spring 6 is installed between the annular protrusion 2 and the spool 5, which is made to fit snugly against the inner surface 3 of the housing 2. The spool 5 is equipped with outside diagonally located radial pins 9, which are inserted into an internal groove a circular groove 10 of the housing 1, which is made on the inner surface 3 of symmetrical alternating short 11 and long 12 longitudinal grooves connected by a figured groove 13, which allows for reciprocating movement in the housing 1 of the spool 5 under the action of excess pressure from above and the spring 6 from below in series to be located in the corresponding fonts 9 in the long samples 12 for closing the drain channels 4 and short samples 11 for opening the drain channels 4. To prevent unauthorized actuation of the valve, the spring 6 is selected with a force higher than the force of the liquid column pressing on the spool 5.

When installed above the downhole equipment (packer, pump, or the like - not shown), the shut-off element 8 can be made in the form of a ball that is thrown from the wellhead.

When installed below the downhole equipment, the spool 5 above the shut-off element 8 can be equipped with a leaky baffle 14, which holds the shut-off element 8 inside the spool 5 to prevent unauthorized entry with an upward flow into the downhole equipment.

Structural elements, process connections and seals that do not affect the valve's performance are not shown in the drawing or are shown conditionally.

The valve works as follows.

Example 1.

The valve is installed in a tubing string (not shown) above an electric submersible pump (not shown). For this, the body 1 without the partition 14 and the shut-off element 8 is attached (for example, by thread, couplings, or the like - not shown) to the tubing string. In this case, the pins 9 of the spool 5 are located in the long recesses 12 of the groove 10 of the body, and the spool 5, tightly interacting with the inner surface 3 of the body 1, tightly closes the drain channels 4. When the pump is operating, the liquid through the body 1 along the string of lift pipes rises to the surface.

If it is necessary to remove the pump, so as not to lift the tubing string with the liquid filling it, a waste ball is thrown into the tubing string - a shut-off element 8, which sits in the seat 7 of the spool 5, overpressure is created from above by pumping liquid with a wellhead pump (not shown). Under the action of pressure, the spool 5 with the shut-off element 8, compressing the spring 6, moves downward, and the pins 9 from the long sample 12 - into the shaped groove 13, opening the drain channels 4. This is recorded by a decrease in the injection pressure and / or the occurrence of fluid circulation in the annulus of the production tubing ... Then the injection of liquid is stopped and the pressure in the tubing is reduced. Then, under the action of the spring 6, which abuts against the annular ledge 2, the spool 5 moves upward, the pins 9 from the figured groove 13 into the meek selection 11, leaving the drain channels 4 open. When the pump is lifted on the tubing string, the liquid from them is drained into the well through the drain channels 4 of the housing 1, reducing the load on the lifting equipment (not shown) and not pouring out at the wellhead. After removing from the well, the body 1 is disconnected from the tubing string, the shut-off element 8 is removed from the spool 5, mechanically acting on the spool 5 from above, compressing the spring 6, which expands after removing the mechanical stress, moving the pins 9 from the figured groove 13 into the long recess 12 with the closing of the spool 5 of the drain channels 4, as a result, the valve is ready for operation as part of another tubing string.

Example 2

The valve is installed above the filter (not shown) in place of the relief valve, but below the insert pump packer lock mechanism (not shown). For this, the housing 1, equipped with a spool 5 with a shut-off element 8 and a baffle 14, is attached (for example, by thread, couplings, or the like - not shown) from the top of the filter before running with the packer into the well. In this case, the pins 9 of the spool 5 are located in the long samples 12 of the groove 10 of the body, and the spool 5, tightly interacting with the inner surface 3 of the body 1, tightly closes the drain channels 4. The packer is installed above the pay zone (not shown), then the pump with the nipple is lowered to its tight interaction with fixation with the locking mechanism of the packer. When the pump is operating, the liquid rises to the surface through the filter and housing 1 along the column of lift pipes.

If it is necessary to act with reagents on the productive formation without removing the packer and removing it with a filter to the surface, the pump with the tubing string is pulled by a stretch from the locking mechanism, the required reagent is pumped into the well with a wellhead pump through the annulus of the tubing, creating excess pressure above the spool 5. Under the action pressure, the spool 5 with the shut-off element 8, compressing the spring 6, moves down, and the pins 9 from the long sample 12 - into the shaped groove 13, opening the drain channels 4. This is recorded by a decrease in the injection pressure. Then, under the action of the spring 6, which abuts against the annular ledge 2, the spool 5 moves upward, the pins 9 from the figured groove 13 into the meek sample 11, leaving the drain channels open 4. After the injection of the required volume of reagent, the productivity of the wellhead pump is sharply increased (by connecting the second process pump or increasing the pump rotor speed), increasing the pressure above the packer. Under this increased pressure, the spool 5 moves down, compressing the spring 6, which expands after removing the mechanical stress, moving the pins 9 from the figured groove 13 into the long recess 12, closes the drain channels 4 with the spool 5 4. The pump with the nipple is lowered until its tight interaction with fixation with a locking mechanism of a packer. After technological holding, sufficient for the reaction of the reagent in the formation, the pump is started up to raise the formation product to the surface.

If it is necessary to retrieve the packer with the filter to the surface, the pump with the tubing string is pulled from the locking mechanism and pulled out to the surface. A production string with a catcher-puller (not shown) is lowered into the well before interacting with the packer. A process fluid (industrial water, mineral ode, etc.) is injected into the well with a wellhead pump, creating an excess pressure above the spool 5. Under the action of pressure, spool 5 with a shut-off element 8, compressing the spring 6, moves downward, and the pins 9 from the long sample 12 - into the shaped groove 13, opening the drain channels 4. This is recorded by a decrease in the injection pressure. After that, under the action of the spring 6, which abuts against the annular ledge 2, the spool 5 moves upward, the pins 9 from the figured groove 13 into the gentle recess 11, leaving the drain channels 4 open. In this case, the injection is stopped, and the pressure above and below the packer through the drain Channels 4 are leveled, facilitating the breakdown of the packer from the installation interval, after which the packer with the filter is lifted to the surface on the technological string. After removing from the well, the body 1 is disconnected from the filter, mechanically acting on the spool 5 from above, compressing the spring 6, which expands after removing the mechanical action, moving the pins 9 from the shaped groove 13 into the long selection 12 with the spool 5 closing the drain channels 4, as a result the valve is ready for use in another filter.

The use of only one coaxial part in the body 1 - the spool 5, allows it to be used in small-diameter wells. In this case, the spool 5 and the shut-off element 8 are easy to manufacture and / or standard products, reliable in operation, since they do not have small and technically weak elements, and the pins 9 are covered by the spool 5 from the action of an aggressive fluid inside the housing 1. And the usual reverse design valve (seat 7 and shut-off element 8 with a short stroke) when pumping liquid through it does not greatly reduce the efficiency of the pump (as practice has shown, no more than 1 - 2%).

The proposed bypass controlled valve allows you to work in small-diameter wells due to the small number of parts inserted into each other, to increase reliability due to a large and easy-to-manufacture and maintain shut-off element and valve seat, and not to significantly reduce efficiency due to the short stroke of the shut-off element.

Claims (3)

1. A bypass valve, which includes a body with an annular projection on the inner surface and radial drain channels, an axially movable spool that closes the drain channels when moving up and opens the drain channels when moving down, and a compression spring, and the spool is equipped with a through axial channel - a saddle in which the check valve closure element is located , characterized in that the annular protrusion is located below the drain channels, the spring is installed between the annular protrusion and the spool, which is made to fit snugly against the inner surface of the body, and the spool is equipped with diagonally radial pins outside, which, to limit the longitudinal movement, are inserted into the inner looped groove of the body, which is made of symmetrical alternating short and long longitudinal grooves connected by a shaped groove, which allows for reciprocating movement in the body of the spool, under the action of pressure and the spring, to be sequentially located in the corresponding pins in the long grooves to close the drain channels and short samples to open the drain channels, while the spring force is higher than the force of the liquid column pressing on the spool. 2. A bypass valve controlled according to claim 1, characterized in that the shut-off element is made in the form of a ball that is junk from the wellhead. 3. A bypass valve controlled according to claim 1, characterized in that the spool above the shut-off element is equipped with a leaky baffle that holds the shut-off element inside.

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