RU2709057C1 - Device for gripping and lifting of silt-covered underwater objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to lifting and is intended for gripping and lifting of silt-covered underwater objects of arbitrary shape. Proposed device comprises a horizontal section, ballast tanks with inlet valves, a power hydraulic cylinder and vertical sections in the form of vertical tubular rods, through which cargo cables are laid. Lower ends of cargo ropes are fixed to movable support cantilevers, and upper ends are fixed to piston of power hydraulic cylinder installed on upper part of horizontal section. On horizontal section under air boxes there installed is hermetically closing power hydraulic cylinder ballast capacity, and the vertical tubular rods are tightened with a cylindrical shell attached to the horizontal section with formation of a container open from below, which is interconnected with the ballast capacity by means of holes in the horizontal section. Hydraulic cylinder piston is hollow and provided on its outer side is notches with chamfered teeth as ratchet rack, and piston inner side is communicated with gas generator housing installed from above. Common space of gas generator and hollow piston is filled with combustible without air access by solid gas-forming compound with electric igniter. In the middle part of the hydraulic cylinder body there are side holes, and spring-loaded stoppers interacting with the chamfered teeth of the piston are installed on its outer side.

EFFECT: technical result is higher efficiency of device for lifting silt-covered objects.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding, and more particularly to the field of underwater technical and search and rescue operations related to the lifting and moving of underwater natural or sunken man-made objects of arbitrary shape, including silted ones.

A device for capturing and lifting a sunken object, described in the patent "Method for performing underwater lifting and transport operations and devices for its implementation" [1]. The specified device comprises a horizontal section and vertical sections docked to it, on the lower parts of which movable support consoles are provided. The latter are installed in guides in pairs on both sides with the possibility of extension into the hoisting-and-transport device in planes located at an angle of 50-80 ° to the diametrical plane of the hoisting-and-transport device with the possibility of forming a support prism for the object to be raised when these consoles are extended. At the same time, nozzles for supplying water under pressure for erosion of the soil are made on the edges of the support consoles introduced under the object to be lifted.

A disadvantage of the known device for performing underwater hoisting operations is the bulkiness of the vertical sections and support consoles in combination with guides and hydraulic cylinders. In addition, the known gripping device is not intended for lifting highly silted small-sized objects of any shape and cannot be effectively used in such conditions.

A known system for emergency ascent of underwater vehicles "Malachite-1" [2], including tanks of the main ballast, gas generators with a charge of solid fuel, an ignition device, a nozzle block, a bursting diaphragm for sealing the combustion chamber and gas ducts with traps of bursting diaphragms. The specified system provides an emergency ascent of the underwater vehicle by blowing the tanks of the main ballast with a gas-vapor mixture of the combustion products of solid fuel and water vapor with a discrete choice of the consumed fuel supply depending on the depth of immersion.

The advantage of the well-known system for emergency ascent of underwater vehicles is the use of a progressive source of the working fluid in the form of solid fuel gas generators. However, its natural drawback is the lack of a gripping device due to the fact that it is not designed to capture underwater objects.

A device for capturing silted underwater objects is described in the patent, "A gripping device for silted underwater objects and the method of its use in lifting" [3]. The specified device, taken as a prototype, contains horizontal and vertical sections in the form of installed in a circle of vertical tubular rods with movable support consoles. The latter are fastened with freight cables passing inside the tubular rods and fastened to the protruding rod of the power hydraulic cylinder. A cargo eye is provided on the rod, fastened to the body of the power hydraulic cylinder through a loop of a cable threaded through the provided combined through holes in the rod and the body of the power hydraulic cylinder. At the same time, a platform vibrator and at least three ballast tanks are installed on the horizontal section, and intake valves are provided in the upper part of them. In the process of using the gripping device after pointing at the object to be lifted, it is deepened due to small negative buoyancy and as a result of the action of the areal vibrator. The reduction in distortions is ensured by filling the ballast tank located at a higher height. With a sufficient depth of the device using the cable of the supply vessel, by acting on the piston of the power hydraulic cylinder, cut the loop from the cable and select the internal cargo slings until reaching the coverage of the object to be lifted and lift.

A disadvantage of the known device is its non-autonomy, since for lifting it is necessary to use the hoisting cable of the supporting vessel. This disadvantage is especially noticeable when working at great depths, when the mass of the lifting cable may be greater than the mass of the lifted object.

The task was to ensure the capture and recovery of underwater silted objects by developing a device that ensures the implementation of a continuous sequence of these operations as a result of the operation of a single solid fuel gas generator.

The problem is solved in that in the known device comprising a horizontal section, ballast tanks, a power hydraulic cylinder and vertical sections in the form of tubular vertical rods through which freight cables are laid, the lower ends of which are fastened with movable support consoles, and the upper ends are fastened with a power piston of the hydraulic cylinder, on the horizontal section, under the ballast tanks, a ballast tank is hermetically closing the power hydraulic cylinder, and the vertical tubular rods are tightened captured with a horizontal section by a cylindrical shell with the formation of a tank open at the bottom, in communication with the ballast tank through the provided holes in the horizontal section, the piston of the power hydraulic cylinder having an annular groove with a sealing ring is hollow and a notch with beveled teeth is provided on its outer side according to the type ratchet rails, and on the inside the piston is in communication with the gas generator body mounted on top, and the total space of the gas generator and TOTEL filled piston able to burn without the access of air to solid gas generating composition electric spark, while in the middle part of the housing of the hydraulic cylinder provided with lateral openings and, on the outside thereof are set interacting with beveled teeth piston spring-loaded detents ..

In the particular case, the inner diameter of the gas generator can be made larger than the inner diameter of the hollow piston.

The installation of a ballast tank tightly closing the power hydraulic cylinder in the horizontal section under the air boxes in combination with the presence of tubular vertical rods, tightened by a cylindrical shell fastened to the horizontal section with the formation of a tank open from the bottom, connected to the ballast tank through openings in the horizontal section, provides an opportunity due to water displacement by products combustion to create the necessary lifting force while overcoming tear resistance .

The execution on the outside of the piston of a notch with beveled teeth like a ratchet rail in combination with the fact that spring-loaded stoppers interacting with the beveled teeth are installed on the hydraulic cylinder to exclude the possibility of the reverse movement of the cables, i.e. allows you to capture the capture of the lifted object.

The execution of the piston with a hollow, in communication with the gas generator body mounted on top with filling the common space of the gas generator and the hollow piston, capable of burning without air access by a solid gas-generating composition with an electric igniter in combination with the fact that side openings are provided in the middle part of the hydraulic cylinder body, allows the gas-generating system to operate in two sequential modes: in the first mode, the fuel burns in a closed volume at elevated pressure, providing m tension of freight cables, and in the second mode, water is displaced from the ballast tank, and combustion occurs at a pressure close to hydrostatic.

In the particular case of the internal diameter of the gas generator being larger than the internal diameter of the hollow piston, it is possible to more rationally distribute the solid gas-generating composition, in particular, while ensuring the compactness of the hydraulic cylinder, to reduce the total length of the gas-generating system.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a General view in section of the inventive device; in FIG. 2 shows a part of section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 shows a section BB in FIG. 1; in FIG. 4 presents a General view of the inventive device in the position of a complete capture of the lifted object and partial displacement of water from the ballast tank.

The proposed device for gripping and lifting silted underwater objects according to the invention (Fig. 1) contains a horizontal section 1 made in the form of a rigid plate on which a sealed shell is installed, forming a ballast tank 2 with an inlet valve 3. Not mounted above the periphery of the ballast tank 2 less than three trim ballast tanks 4 (also serving as air boxes for partial compensation of negative buoyancy) with inlet valves 5.

Vertical tubular rods 6 are attached to the lower part of the horizontal section 1, through which the freight cables are laid 7. The lower ends of the freight cables 7 are fastened with movable support consoles 8, which are fixed in the initial position by a pin 9 connected by a cable 10 to the freight cable 7. Upper the ends of the cargo cables 7 are fastened to the piston 11 of the power cylinder 12 mounted on the horizontal section 1 inside the ballast tank 2. The vertical tubular rods 6 are pulled together with the horizontal section 1 of the cylinder dricheskoy shell 13 (Fig. 1, 2) with the formation of an open bottom tank connected with the ballast tank 2 through holes 14 in the horizontal section 1.

The piston 11 of the power hydraulic cylinder 12, having an annular groove with a sealing ring 15, is hollow and has a notch with beveled teeth on the outside of the ratchet rack, and on the inside the piston is in communication with the gas generator housing 16 mounted on top. In this case, the total space of the gas generator 16 and the hollow piston 11 is filled with a solid gas-generating composition 17 of the type of rocket fuel with an electric igniter 18 capable of burning without air access.

In the middle part of the cylinder body 12, lateral openings 19 are provided, and spring-loaded stoppers 20 (Fig. 1, 3) interacting with the beveled teeth of the piston 11 are installed on its outer side. In the Central part of the horizontal section 1 can be installed platform vibrator 21.

The lifting device is connected to the supporting vessel or uninhabited underwater vehicle through an electric cable with lead wires (not shown in the figures) for the electric igniter 18 and the platform vibrator 21.

When using the claimed device, it is positioned above the lifted object 22 and then lowered to the surface of silty soil (in Fig. 4 shows the least convenient to capture the object 22 spherical shape). The initial deepening of the vertical rods 6 with unidirectional support consoles 8 in the sludge occurs due to the provided small negative buoyancy of the claimed device. To eliminate possible distortions in the lagging areas, negative buoyancy is increased by letting outboard water into the ballast tanks located above them 4. To increase the rate of penetration, a platform vibrator 21 can be turned on.

After the implementation of the claimed device in the sludge to a sufficient depth, its further functioning is provided as follows. A voltage is supplied to the electric igniter 18 from the supply vessel or uninhabited underwater vehicle. This leads to ignition of the solid gas-forming composition 17 and subsequent evolution of gases during the propagation of the combustion front in parallel layers. Due to this pressure inside the power cylinder 12 rises. As a result, the movement of the piston 11 and, accordingly, the tension of the cargo cables 7 begins. In this case, the cables 10 pull the pins 9 from the sockets of the support arms 8, which as a result of this rotate towards the object to be lifted 22.

The operation of the gas generator 16 continues until full support of the support consoles 8 of the lower part of the lifted object 22. At the same time, the spring-loaded stoppers 20, at small intervals of the travel time determined by the passage time of the next beveled tooth, ensure that the ratchet piston 11 is kept at the achieved level.

Upon reaching the position of the support consoles 8 close to horizontal, the lower end of the piston 11 enters the area of the side openings 19 in the power cylinder 12, through which the combustion products of the solid gas-forming composition 17 begin to flow (in Fig. 4 are shown by arrows). The gases flowing through the openings 19 sparge through a layer of water in the ballast tank 2, accumulating in its upper part (Fig. 4). In this case, the water displaced from the ballast tank 2 through the openings 14 in the horizontal section 1 enters the space formed by the cylindrical shell 13 and exerts pressure on the muddy soil in it. As a result, the inventive device will move up until the mud plug will play the role of a "piston". In other words, overcoming tear resistance begins immediately when water is displaced from the ballast tank 2.

The transition from the stage of overcoming tear resistance to the ascent stage occurs automatically due to the continued burning of the solid gas-forming composition 17 in the body of the gas generator 16 and, due to this, water is displaced from the ballast tank 2 until it is completely drained. As a result of the action of the emerged force of Archimedes, the inventive device emerges together with the captured underwater object.

Service of the proposed device can be carried out by a diver, and when used at great depths, it is possible to use an uninhabited underwater vehicle.

The present invention will improve the efficiency of underwater engineering when lifting highly silted underwater objects of any configuration. The device can be used when lifting various underwater objects: fragments of a crashed plane or helicopter, emergency underwater vehicles, sunken training torpedoes and mines, underwater antiquities, etc.

Sources of information

1. Pat. 2238876 RF, IPC B63C 7/06. A method of performing underwater lifting and transport operations and devices for its implementation / O.I. Efimov, Decl. 03/11/2001; Publ. 10/27/2004.

2 .. Pat. 2134212 RF, IPC B63G 8/22, B63C 7/06. System for emergency ascent of underwater vehicles "Malachite-1", a device for blowing tanks of the main ballast during emergency ascent and a method for emergency ascent / V.A. Sirotkin, A.A. Tyurikov, N.I. Khomenko, Yu.A. Zakharov. Claim 08/25/1998; Publ. 08/10/1998.

3. Pat. 2630040 RF, IPC B63C 7/20, 7/06, 7/04. A gripping device for silted underwater objects and the method of its use in lifting / V.D. Barsukov, S.V. Goldaev, N.P. Minkova, Decl. 06/21/2016; Publ. 09/05/2017; Bull. Number 25.

Claims (2)

1. A device for gripping and lifting silted underwater objects containing a horizontal section, ballast tanks, a power hydraulic cylinder and vertical sections in the form of tubular vertical rods through which freight cables are laid, the lower ends of which are fastened with movable support consoles, and the upper ends are fastened with a piston power cylinder, characterized in that on the horizontal section under the ballast tanks installed hermetically closing the power cylinder ballast tank, and vertical tubing These rods are pulled together with a cylindrical shell fastened to the horizontal section to form a container open from below, connected to the ballast tank by means of the provided holes in the horizontal section, the piston of the power hydraulic cylinder having an annular groove with a sealing ring is hollow and a notch with beveled is provided on its outer side teeth like ratchet rails, and on the inside the piston is in communication with the gas generator body mounted on top, and the total space The gas generator and the hollow piston are filled with a solid gas-generating composition capable of burning without air access with an electric igniter, while side holes are provided in the middle part of the hydraulic cylinder body, and spring-loaded stoppers interacting with the beveled teeth of the piston are installed on its outer side. 2. A device for gripping and lifting silted underwater objects according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner diameter of the gas generator is larger than the inner diameter of the hollow piston.

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