RU2785966C1 - Rotary pulse apparatus with a divided stator ring - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: generation of oscillations.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to cavitation apparatus for creating pulsed oscillations in a liquid medium. Rotary pulse apparatus with a divided stator ring, containing an electric engine, a frame, a back cover, a body, a front cover with inlet and outlet branch pipes for the supplying and discharge of the emulsified medium; a rotor and a stator ring divided into four block parts are arranged concentrically to each other inside the body. The blocks are installed between the protruding guides of the back cover and the plates, pressed by springs to the peripheral surface of the rotor ring, in order to limit the "rebound" of the blocks and increase the gap between the rotor and the blocks, during hydraulic shocks in the holes of the rotor, gap limiters are provided, the holes in the rotor ring are made in the form of flat rectilinear pipes, and in the blocks — in the form of flat rectilinear pipes in a ledge expanding towards the body in the course of rotation of the rotor.

EFFECT: amplification of cavitation phenomena, increase in the productivity of the rotary pulse apparatus in heating suspensions, crushing solid bodies, and conducting unique chemical reactions.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to cavitation devices for creating pulsed oscillations in a flowing liquid medium, generating cavitation bubbles and ensuring their disappearance "collapse" in various areas of the rotor and stator rings. Cavitation vibrations can be used for mixing, dispersion, heating and acceleration of chemical reactions in the systems "liquid - liquid", "liquid - solid". The invention can be used in agriculture for the preparation of liquid disinfected feed, disposal of agricultural waste, in the food industry, in the chemical, oil, mining and other industries.

To prepare finely dispersed mixtures using special windows of a rotating rotor and windows of a fixed ring, and in our case, a ring consisting of 4 separate parts, it is necessary to use a device with minimal, if possible, gaps between the rotor ring and the parts (pads) of the stator ring, which must be kept during long-term operation in cavitation-abrasive mixtures.

With a decrease in the gap between the rotor ring and the stator ring pads in the rectangular flat holes of the rotor ring, the energy of hydraulic shocks increases due to a tighter overlap of the rotor ring holes with bridges between the holes in the pads, which leads to increased cavitation processes in the flat slotted holes of the rotor.

Increasing water hammer energy in the rotor openings provides a more energetic "collapse" of cavitation bubbles, and this is manifested in an increase in temperature and pressure at the points of disappearance of cavitation bubbles.

Reducing the flow of fluid in the gaps between the rotor ring and the pads of the stator ring intensifies the rate of fluid flow through the ledge widening holes in the pads, which enhances cavitation processes in the holes of the pads.

A rotary pulsating apparatus is known, patent of Russia No. 2694744, containing a housing with nozzles for inlet and outlet of the medium, a rotor and a stator concentrically installed in it with channels in the side walls of the cylinders, a sound chamber, an electric motor, etc.

The disadvantage of this apparatus is that the design does not provide for adjusting the gap between the rotor and stator rings. As the cavitation and abrasive wear of the rotor and stator rings increases, the gap between them increases, and the cavitation intensity decreases.

A rotary hydrodynamic apparatus is known, patent of Russia No. 2600049, containing a housing with nozzles for supplying and discharging a liquid medium, inside which a stator disk is coaxially installed, containing at least one concentric row of slots, and a rotor disk fixed on the drive shaft, containing at least at least one concentric row of slots, and on the outer diameter of the rotor disk, a cylindrical ring is additionally installed, with supersonic nozzles made in it.

The disadvantages of this design are:

1. The inability to adjust the gap between the rotor and stator rings.

2. The complexity of manufacturing and the difficulty of using gas nozzles for the movement of liquids in them. To ensure the movement of liquid through the nozzle, with a speed greater than the speed of sound, it is necessary to have a very high pressure on the rotor blades.

A device is known, a Russian patent for invention No. 2321448, a rotary grinder-disperser, containing a housing, inside of which a hollow rotor and a stator with radial slots are concentrically located. At the same time, the rotor cavity has an inlet part formed by an inlet axial pipe, an outlet part with said radial slots, limited on one side by the end wall of the rotor, and an annular middle part, moreover, the end wall of the rotor in the area of the annular middle part of the rotor cavity has an annular recess, etc. .d.

The main disadvantage of this design is that it does not provide for the possibility of adjusting the gap between the rotor and stator rings.

A device is known, patent of Russia No. 2252826, (prototype) a rotary-pulse apparatus having a hollow body with a suction pipe for supplying suspensions and a discharge pipe for removing processed suspensions. The rotor in the form of a centrifugal wheel with holes along the periphery and the stator with holes located inside the housing, installed coaxially to the rotor in order to intensify emulsification, dispersion and acceleration of physical and chemical processes, due to hydrodynamic cavitation, the holes in the rotor are made in the form of flat straight pipes, and the holes in the stator in the form of a ledge of expanding rectangular flat tubes.

The design of the flat holes has proven to be very good and fully complies with the laws of hydraulics.

The disadvantage of this design is that the design of the apparatus does not provide for the possibility of adjusting the gap between the rotor and stator rings to the minimum possible.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is the creation of a rotary-pulse apparatus, in which the stator ring is divided into four parts, and the resulting parts (pads) are automatically pressed against the outer surface of the rotor under the action of springs, providing the minimum possible gap between the rotor ring and the pads. .

The solution of this problem will entail an increase in cavitation phenomena, and hence an increase in the productivity of the rotary-pulse apparatus in heating suspensions, in grinding solids, and in carrying out unique chemical reactions.

The task is achieved by the fact that in a rotary-pulse apparatus with a split stator ring, containing an electric motor - 1, a frame - 2, a back cover - 3, a body - 4, a front cover - 6, with an outlet pipe - 7 and an inlet pipe - 8 ( Fig. 1) for the supply and removal of the emulsifiable medium.

Inside the housing - 4, the rotor - 12 (Fig. - 2, 3) is located concentrically to each other on the motor shaft and the stator ring - 5 divided into four parts (pads) (Fig. 1, 2). The pads - 5 are installed between the guides of the back cover - 3, located under the plates - 9 (Fig. - 2) and limited by the plates -9, are pressed by the springs against the peripheral surface of the rotor ring - 13 (Fig. - 4) by the springs - 11 (Fig. - 2).

In order to limit the "rebound" of the pads, and increase the gap between the rotor and the pads during hydraulic shocks, gap limiters - 10 (Fig. - 2) are provided in the rotor holes, preventing an increase in the gap between the rotor ring and the pads.

All holes in the rotor ring are made in the form of flat straight pipes. In the pads, the holes are made in the form of flat straight pipes, expanding with a step towards the body. The ledges are located in the direction of rotation of the rotor.

The rotary-pulse apparatus works with a divided stator ring as follows.

The suspension to be processed through the outlet pipe - 8 is sent to the suction cavity of the rotor - 12, then picked up by the centrifugal rotor blades, it is directed to the holes of the rotor ring - 13. The pumping action of the rotor blades in the direction coincides with the centrifugal forces acting on the processed suspension in the rotor cavity, and increasing the driving force (pressure drop between the rotor cavity and the working chamber of the body), which has a positive effect on increasing the speed of the suspension. The suspension jet, flowing through a flat rectilinear hole, is subjected to hydraulic compression, and whirlpool zones are formed on both wide sides of the compressed jet, in which the pressure drops sharply with the formation of cavitation bubbles in them.

At the moment of closing the hole in the rotor, when a water hammer occurs in it, under the action of a sharply increased pressure, the cavitation bubbles intensively “collapse”.

At the moment of alignment of the holes of the rotor and the stator, the suspension rushes, under the action of kinetic energy, into the holes of the pads, "sticks" to the wall and goes around the protrusion of the expanding part with the formation of a cavitation zone.

When the holes are completely aligned, and then in the phase of their overlap, the suspension flows along the same wall, under the action of the Coanda effect.

The pressures arising from the “collapse” of cavitation bubbles depend on the hydrostatic pressure value. This dependence was studied and calculated by the English scientist Rayleigh.

Where:

R ₀ - radius of the initial value of the cavitation bubble, mm;

R is the final value of the radius of the cavitation bubble, mm;

P ₀ - hydrostatic pressure of the liquid, kg/cm ² ;

P - pressure arising in the center of "collapse" of the cavitation bubble, kg/cm ² ;

β - liquid compressibility, kg/cm ² (for water β=50.10 ^-6 kg/cm ²⁾ .

After doing the calculations, we get the following values of P:

- at P ₀ \u003d 1 kg / cm ² , we get P \u003d 10 300 kg / cm ²

- at P ₀ \u003d 10 kg / cm ² , we get P \u003d 498 800 kg / cm ²

The benefit of constantly maintaining the gap between the rotor ring and the pads is evidenced by the fact that the heating rate has increased, compared with the prototype, the fineness of grinding of solids has increased. Increased energy conversion efficiency

The prototype efficiency = 1.5

In the inventive rotary-pulse apparatus with a split stator ring, efficiency = 2.24.

The use of a more advanced design, compared with the "prototype", allows you to quickly and with less electrical energy to heat liquids and suspensions.

Increased cavitation density allows more efficient disinfection of any liquid products, agricultural waste, etc.

This design can be made at any machine-building enterprise that can cast and process parts from high-strength cast iron IChKh-28N ₂ .

Brief description of the drawings

1. In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a rotary-pulse apparatus with a split stator ring and a front view of the unit;

2. In FIG. 2 shows the apparatus with the front cover removed;

3. In FIG. 3 shows the rotor assembly from the side of the suction hole and its longitudinal section, view A-A;

4. In FIG. 4 shows: the rotor ring on the left is a side view, and on the right is the ring in section, view B-B;

5. In FIG. 5 are shown: on the left, a top view of the block, on the right, its section, view A-A.

List of used literature:

1. Russian patent No. 2694744.

2. Russian patent No. 2600049.

3. Russian patent No. 2321448.

4. Russian patent No. 2252826.

5. T.M. Basht "Machine-building hydraulics", M: Mashinostroenie, 1971, pp. 44-49, 118, 349, 375, 379-381, 509-512.

6. N. Peirsol. "Cavitation", trans. from English Ph.D. Yu.F. Zhuravleva, M., Mir, 1975, pp. 9-20, 22-25, 36-50, 69-89.

7.P.P. Chugaev. "Hydraulics", M., Energy, Leningrad branch, 1971, pp. 14-17, 28-33, 64-74, 85-88, 135-140, 163-167, 277-286, 307-312.

Claims (1)

Rotor-pulse apparatus with a split stator ring, containing an electric motor, a frame, a rear cover, a housing, a front cover with inlet and outlet pipes for supplying and discharging an emulsifiable medium, inside the housing, a rotor and a stator ring divided into four parts are located concentrically to each other, characterized in that the pads are installed between the guides of the back cover and the plates, are pressed by springs against the peripheral surface of the rotor ring, to limit the "rebound" of the pads and increase the gap between the rotor and the pads, during hydraulic shocks in the rotor holes, gap limiters are provided, holes in the rotor rings are made in the form of flat straight pipes, and in the pads they are made in the form of flat straight pipes with a ledge expanding, in the direction of rotation of the rotor, towards the housing.

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