RU2778001C2 - Device for lubricating conrod bearing and vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in internal combustion engines. A device for lubricating conrod bearing (46) on crankshaft (24) of an internal combustion engine is proposed. The device includes piston (10) with working fluid channel (12) and outlet channel (26) connected to channel (12) via fluid. The device includes connecting rod (22) with small hole (38) and large hole (44), and connecting channel (48). Small hole (38) in a head of the connecting rod is connected to outlet channel (26) via fluid. Connecting channel (48) forms a connection via fluid between small hole (38) in the head of the connecting rod and large hole (44) in the head of the connecting rod, due to which working fluid, in particular lubricating and cooling fluid, is supplied from working fluid channel (12) through outlet channel (26), small hole (38) in the head of the connecting rod, and connecting channel (48) to large hole (44) in the head of the connecting rod.

EFFECT: conrod bearing (46) can be lubricated with cooling oil from working fluid channel (12) in piston (10), which allows for refusal from labor-intensive and durability-decreasing holes in crankshaft (24), designed for supply of oil to conrod bearing (46).

13 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for lubricating a connecting rod bearing on the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine.

Known technology for supplying lubricating oil to the connecting rod bearing from the inside through the crankshaft at the location of the crank pin of the crankshaft. To do this, a groove may be present in the crankshaft main bearing shell, into which oil is supplied under pressure. Through the hole in the crankshaft, oil can flow from the main bearing to the connecting rod bearing at the location of the crankshaft crankpin, as long as the hole in the main bearing is aligned with the groove of the main bearing shell. Such lubrication methods are known, for example, from DE 10 2004 032 590 A1.

DE 10 2004 048 939 A1 additionally describes a connecting rod rod, including a connecting rod body with a hole made at the first end (lower connecting rod head) in the crankpin (large hole in the lower connecting rod head) and with a hole made at the second end (upper connecting rod head) in the piston pin (small hole in the top end of the connecting rod). The rod of the connecting rod includes a tube connected to the body of the rod of the rod to transfer lubricant from the first end to the second end.

A disadvantage of known systems for lubricating connecting rod bearings can be the complexity and cost of creating holes in the crankshaft. In addition, such holes can reduce the durability of the crankshaft. Supplying the connecting rod bearings with lubricating oil via the main bearing shells additionally requires a large oil flow generated by the oil pump, which must be suitably sized for this purpose and which consumes energy (fuel) to drive.

The present invention is based on the task of providing an alternative and/or improved device or, respectively, an alternative and/or improved method for lubricating a crankshaft connecting rod bearing, in particular without the disadvantages inherent in known technologies.

The task is achieved by creating a device according to the independent claim. Preferred additional embodiments of the invention are listed in the dependent claims and in the description.

The device is designed to lubricate the connecting rod bearing on the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine. The device includes a piston with a channel for a working medium, in particular with an internal channel for a medium cooling the piston and an outlet channel connected to the channel by a fluid medium. The device includes a connecting rod connected to the piston by a swivel, in particular, with the possibility of rotation, and a small hole in the connecting rod head, a large hole in the connecting rod head and a connecting channel (in particular, internal). A large hole in the connecting rod head is made to accommodate the connecting rod bearing. A small hole in the connecting rod head is connected to a fluid outlet. The connecting channel forms a fluid connection between the small hole in the connecting rod head and the large hole in the connecting rod head, whereby the working fluid, in particular, cutting fluid (for example, oil) can be supplied or is supplied from the working fluid channel through the outlet channel , the small hole in the connecting rod head and the connecting channel to the large hole in the connecting rod head.

This allows the connecting rod bearing on the crankshaft to be lubricated with piston cooling oil. In particular, the connecting rod bearing can be lubricated with cooling oil from the internal coolant passage of the piston. Thus, the cooling oil acts as a lubricating oil. This eliminates all lube oil holes in the crankshaft. Thus, the durability of the crankshaft can be significantly increased and costs can be reduced. Additionally, grooves in the bearings can be eliminated, which can significantly reduce the required oil flow and lead to savings on fuel consumption.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the device additionally includes a piston pin located in the small hole of the connecting rod, connecting the connecting rod with the piston with the possibility of rotation, and a working fluid chamber, made, in particular, in the form of a through hole closed on both sides and providing fluid connection between the outlet channel and the connecting channel. Thereby, the working medium is supplied or is able to be supplied from the working medium passage to the large hole in the connecting rod head through the outlet passage, the working medium chamber, the small opening in the connecting rod head, and the connecting passage. The working fluid chamber may be a fluid reservoir of sufficient size to provide continuous lubrication.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the piston pin includes a groove extending along the outer circumference to which the outlet port connects and a fluid chamber in the piston pin fluidly connected to the outer circumference groove. In particular, the groove may extend around the entire circumference of the piston pin. This allows the working medium to be supplied from the outlet port to the working medium chamber in the piston pin, regardless of the position of rotation of the piston pin.

In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, the device further includes a piston pin bearing mounted in the small bore of the connecting rod head and including an orifice (for media) extending at least partially around the circumference of the piston pin bearing. Through this through hole, the working medium can be supplied from the inner side of the piston pin bearing to the outer side of the piston pin bearing. This makes it possible to create a fluid connection between the fluid chamber in the piston pin and the connecting channel (for example, through the outlet channels of the piston pin).

In an additional embodiment of the invention, the parameters of the orifice allow it to act as a throttle, in particular to reduce the tendency to cavitation in the connecting channel. This makes it possible, in particular, during the downward movement of the connecting rod (movement of the piston from top dead center to bottom dead center), to prevent or reduce cavitation of the working medium in the connecting channel. Thus, during the subsequent upward movement of the connecting rod (movement of the piston from bottom dead center to top dead center), the flow through the connecting channel is not, or hardly, adversely affected.

In one of the embodiments of the invention, the piston pin includes a certain number of outlet channels located circumferentially around the central longitudinal axis of the piston pin at a certain distance from each other and providing a fluid connection between the fluid chamber and the orifice. In particular, the outlet channels are arranged so that at least one outlet channel is connected to the through hole regardless of the pivoting position of the piston pin.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the piston pin includes a number of inlet passages arranged circumferentially around the central longitudinal axis of the piston pin at a certain distance from each other and providing a fluid connection between the groove of the outer circumference and the fluid chamber in the piston pin. In particular, a certain number of inlets are connected to the media chamber.

In an additional embodiment of the invention, a certain number of inlet ports are arranged in a circle around the central longitudinal axis of the piston pin in an axisymmetric manner. Alternatively, or additionally, a certain number of outlet channels are arranged in a circumferential direction around the central longitudinal axis of the piston pin in an axisymmetric manner.

In particular, a certain number of piston pin outlet passages may extend in the center of the piston pin, alternatively or additionally a certain number of inlet passages may extend in end regions from the ends of the piston pin.

In one of the embodiments of the invention, the device includes at least one guiding element for the working medium, in particular, a bypass pipe or a funnel-shaped component located under the outlet of the outlet channel and receiving from the outlet channel the working medium, which can be supplied, in particular, with ends, into the chamber for the working medium of the piston pin. In particular, instead of the inlet channels of the piston pin, at least one guide element for the working medium can be provided.

For example, two media guides may be provided on opposite ends of the piston pin.

In a further embodiment of the invention, at least one fluid guide element is non-rotatably mounted in a piston pin bore in the piston or non-rotatably connected to the piston pin. In the case of connecting at least one working fluid guide element to a non-rotatable piston pin, at least one working fluid guide element can be configured to allow continuous supply or continuous supply of working medium between the outlet channel of the piston and the chamber for working environment regardless of the position of the piston.

In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, the piston outlet is connected to the piston pin bore. In particular, an additional piston outlet port may be provided in fluid communication with the hydraulic fluid port and with the opposite piston pin bore in the piston.

For example, the piston pin may include an additional groove along the outer circumference connected to the additional outlet channel, and a fluid chamber in the piston pin may be provided in fluid communication with the additional groove of the outer circumference.

In particular, a certain number of inlet passages may form an additional fluid connection between the additional groove of the outer circumference and the hydraulic fluid chamber in the piston pin.

In an additional embodiment of the invention, the fluid connection between the outlet channel and the connecting channel is a continuously operating fluid connection. This allows the fluid to be continuously supplied from the fluid passage in the piston to the connecting rod bearing on the crankshaft.

In an additional exemplary embodiment of the invention, the device includes a nozzle for injecting the working medium directed to the inlet of the inlet channel of the piston, connected in fluid with the channel for the working medium. Through the working medium injection nozzle, oil can be injected into the working medium passage through the inlet passage. In addition to cooling the piston, this oil can be directed through the exhaust port and connecting port to the connecting rod bearing for lubrication.

In particular, a cooling lubricant, such as oil, can be supplied to the working medium injection nozzle from the cooling lubricant circuit of the internal combustion engine.

In an additional exemplary embodiment of the invention, the nozzle for injecting the working medium is provided separately from the piston and from the connecting rod. Alternatively or additionally, the nozzle for injecting the working medium is located inside the crankcase or fixed to it.

In particular, the channel for the working medium can continue in the piston in the form of a ring.

The invention also relates to a vehicle, in particular to a utility vehicle (eg bus or truck) with a device as described herein.

It is also possible to apply the device described here to passenger cars, high power engines, off-road vehicles, stationary engines, marine engines, etc.

Additionally, the invention also relates to a method for lubricating a connecting rod bearing on a crankshaft. The method includes supplying a working medium, in particular a cutting fluid (eg oil) from a working medium passage, in particular an internal cooling medium passage of the piston, through a connecting rod connecting passage to a connecting rod bearing.

In particular, the working medium can be supplied to the connecting channel through a small hole in the connecting rod head.

Preferably, it is possible to supply the working medium through the working medium chamber in the piston pin.

For example, the method may involve the use of the device disclosed here.

The preferred embodiments and features of the invention described above can be combined with each other in any combination. Other details and advantages of this invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. They show:

Fig. 1 Cross section of the piston of the internal combustion engine according to the first embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 Additional section of the piston, piston pin and the upper head of the connecting rod according to the first embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 3 Additional section of the piston, piston pin and the upper head of the connecting rod according to the first embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 4 Cross-section of the lower head of the connecting rod;

Fig. 5 Cross section of piston and piston pin according to the second embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 6 Cross section of piston and piston pin according to the third embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 7 A perspective view of a piston according to a third embodiment of the invention; and

Fig. 8 Additional section of the piston and piston pin according to the third embodiment of the invention.

The embodiments of the invention depicted in the figures coincide at least partially, so that similar or identical parts are designated by the same reference numbers and, as explanations, reference is made to the description of other embodiments or, accordingly, to other figures in order to avoid repetition.

In FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a piston 10 of an internal combustion engine located eccentrically with respect to the central axis of the piston 10. The internal combustion engine can be installed, for example, in a vehicle, in particular in a utility vehicle. A commercial vehicle can be, for example, a truck or a bus. An internal combustion engine may include a certain number of cylinders with a certain number of pistons 10.

The piston 10 includes a channel 12 for the working medium made in the form of an internal channel for the cooling medium. The working medium channel 12 may extend, for example, in the form of a ring inside the piston 10. Using the injection nozzle 14, the working medium, in particular a cutting fluid such as oil, can be injected into the working medium channel 12. The nozzle 14 can be fixed, for example, on the crankcase 16 (shown only schematically). The nozzle 14 is directed to the inlet 18 of the inlet channel 20 of the piston 10. The inlet channel 20 is connected to the channel 12 for the working medium. The working medium injected through the inlet 18 from the nozzle 14 enters the channel 12 through the inlet 20. Here the working medium cools the piston 10.

In FIG. 2 and 3, the piston 10 is shown with an additional section, the section planes in each case being centrically relative to the central axis of the piston 10 and offset from each other by 90°. For clarity, the nozzle 14 and crankcase 16 shown in FIG. 1 in FIG. 2 and 3 are not shown.

The piston 10 is connected to the crankshaft 24 (see FIG. 4) by means of a connecting rod 22 in an articulated manner, in particular rotatably. The crankshaft 24 is installed in the crankcase with the possibility of rotation around an axis relative to the crankcase. The piston 10 is made with the possibility of translational movement relative to the walls of the cylinder (not shown). Translational movements of the piston 10 in the cylinder are converted into rotational movement of the crankshaft 24 around its axis of rotation. When performing translational movements up and down, the piston 10 can rest on the walls of the cylinder.

The piston 10 includes a first outlet channel 26 and a second outlet channel 27. The outlet channels 26, 27 continue on opposite sides of the piston 10 between the channel 12 for the working medium and the corresponding outlet 28 or 29 in the bottom 30 of the piston 10, in particular in the area of the holes for piston pin in piston 10. Outlet channels 26, 27 may be drilled into piston 10 from the bottom 30 side. , respectively, to enable the opening of the outlet channels 26, 27 in the area of the holes for the piston pin. The outlet holes 28, 29 are located in the rounded area of the piston head 30. It is also possible, for example, to provide only one outlet or more than two outlets.

The connecting rod 22 includes an upper head 32, a rod 34 and a lower head 36 (see Fig. 4). The rod 34 of the connecting rod extends between the upper head 32 and the lower head 36 of the connecting rod.

The upper head 32 of the connecting rod includes a small hole 38. In the small hole 38, the piston pin 40 is mounted in a bearing 42 made, for example, in the form of a plain bearing. Piston pin 40 pivotally connects connecting rod 22 to piston 10. The piston pin 40 is fixed axially in the piston, for example by means of circlips.

Shown in FIG. 4, the connecting rod end 36 includes a large bore 44. In the large bore 44, a connecting rod bearing 46 is located, in the form of a plain bearing, for example. A connecting rod bearing 46 connects the connecting rod 22 to the connecting rod journal of the crankshaft 24 in a rotatable manner.

To implement the lubrication of the connecting rod bearing 46, the connecting rod 22 includes a connecting channel 48 (see Fig. 3 and 4). The connecting channel 48 may form a fluid connection between the small hole 38 in the upper end of the connecting rod and the large hole 44 in the lower head of the connecting rod. Thus, the channel 12, the outlet channel 26 and the connecting channel 48 form a device for lubricating the connecting rod bearing 46.

The connecting passage 48 extends between the inlet 50 and the outlet 52. The inlet 50 is provided in the inner diameter surface 54 of the small hole 38 in the connecting rod head. The outlet 52 is provided in the inside diameter surface 56 of the large hole 44 in the connecting rod head.

The connecting channel 48 extends, for example, centrically or eccentrically from the upper head 32 of the connecting rod to the lower head 36 of the connecting rod 22. The connecting channel 48 can be made, for example, in the form of a through hole drilled from a large hole 44 through the connecting rod 22.

To create a fluid connection between the outlet holes 28, 29 of the outlet channels 26, 27 and the inlet hole 50 of the connecting channel 48, the piston pin 40 and the piston pin bearing 42 are specially matched.

The piston pin 40 includes a certain number of inlet ports 58, a fluid chamber 60, and a certain number of outlet ports 62.

The inlet ports 58 are arranged circumferentially around the central longitudinal axis of the piston pin 40 at a distance from each other. In particular, the inlet ports 58 are equally spaced or axisymmetric about the central longitudinal axis of the piston pin 40. The inlet ports 58 provide a fluid connection between the outlet ports 26, 27 and the working fluid chamber 60. Specifically, outlet passages 26, 27 are connected to grooves 64, 66 around the outer circumference of piston pin 40. Groove 64 extends at one end of piston pin 40 around piston pin 40. Groove 66 continues at the opposite end of piston pin 40 around piston pin 40. A portion of the inlet passages 58 connects the first groove 64 to the working fluid chamber 60. The remainder of the inlet passages 58 connect the second groove 66 to the working fluid chamber 60.

The chamber 60 is made in the form of a through hole in the piston pin 40. The chamber 60 for the working medium is closed on both end sides of the piston pin 40 by a cover (not shown).

A certain number of outlet ports 62 are centrally located in the piston pin 40. The outlet ports 62 are arranged circumferentially around the central longitudinal axis of the piston pin 40 at a distance from each other. In particular, the outlet channels 62 are located at the same distance from each other or, respectively, axisymmetrically around the central longitudinal axis of the piston pin 40. The outlet channels 62 extend from the surface of the inner circumference of the chamber 60 to the surface of the outer circumference of the piston pin 40.

The piston pin bearing 42 includes a passage 68. The passage 68 extends at least partially around the circumference of the piston pin bearing 42. The passage hole 68 connects the inner diameter surface of the piston pin bearing 42 to the outer diameter surface of the piston pin bearing 42. The parameters of the passage hole 68 allow it to be connected to at least one outlet channel 62 of several outlet channels 62 depending on the position of rotation of the piston pin 40. The through hole 68 is provided in the region of the inlet hole 50 of the connecting channel 48. Thus, the through hole 68 provides a connection fluid between the outlet channels 62 and the connecting channel 48.

This provides a continuous fluid connection between the fluid passage 12 and the connecting rod bearing 46 through the outlet passages 26, 27, the grooves 64, 66, the inlet passages 58, the chamber 60, the outlet passages 62, the orifice 68 and the connecting passage 48. continuous fluid connection can additionally lubricate the piston pin 40 and the piston pin bearing 42. In addition, the piston pin 40 and bearing 42 may be lubricated by a mist from the working fluid, for example, oil mist resulting from the injection of the working fluid through the nozzle 14 (see Fig. 1).

In this case, the orifice 68 may be sized or configured to reduce the tendency for cavitation in the connecting channel 48, so that during downward movements of the connecting rod 22 from top dead center to bottom dead center, flow disturbing cavitation in the connecting channel 48 does not occurs at all or, accordingly, almost does not occur. In particular, the orifice 68 may act as a throttle. Thus, during the downward movement of the connecting rod 22, only a small amount of working medium leaves the connecting channel 48.

It is also possible for the working medium to enter the chamber 60 in a different manner than that described in the first embodiment, as described below by way of example with reference to FIG. 5–8.

In FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of the invention. Here, by means of the guide element 70, the working medium is directed from the outlet channel 27 to the chamber 60. The guide element 70 is located in the hole for the piston pin in the piston 10 with a certain orientation without the possibility of rotation. The guide element 70 is located under the outlet 29 of the outlet channel 27. The guide element 70 is made in the form of a bypass pipe that diverts the working medium from the outlet 29 to the chamber 60. To do this, the guide element 70 is located on the end side relative to the piston pin 40 and has the shape of an arc. The other end face of the piston pin 40 is closed with a cap (not shown). For example, it is also possible for the piston pin 40 to have one guide element each on both end faces.

In FIG. 6 and 8 show a third embodiment of the invention. Here, with the help of two guide elements 72, 74, the working medium is directed from the outlet channels 26, 27 to the chamber 60. The guide elements 72, 74 are connected to the piston pin 40 without the possibility of rotation.

The guide elements 72, 74 are designed in such a way that, regardless of the position of rotation of the piston pin 40, the working medium is directed from the outlet channels 26, 27 to the chamber 60. In particular, the guide elements 72, 74 are funnel-shaped and include a certain number of through holes 76, guides working medium into the chamber 60. Each through hole 76 corresponds to one funnel-shaped section of the guide element 72 or, respectively, 74. Thus, regardless of the position of rotation of the piston pin 40 to receive the working medium, in each case one funnel-shaped section of the guide element 72 or, respectively, 74 under outlet channels 26, 27.

The devices disclosed here for lubricating the connecting rod bearing 46 are based on an innovative lubrication method. This lubrication method includes supplying, in particular, injection of a working medium, for example, oil, through a nozzle 14 into the channel 12 of the piston 10. The method further includes supplying the working medium from the channel 12 to the connecting rod bearing 46 through at least one outlet channel 26, 27 of the piston 10, a small hole 38 in the connecting rod head and the connecting channel 48. In particular, the working fluid can be directed to the connecting channel 48 through the chamber 60 of the piston pin 40. It should be noted that other configurations are possible for the implementation of the method, in particular, the exhaust channel 26, piston pin 40 and connecting channel 48.

The present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments that have been described above. Moreover, many variations and modifications are possible in which the idea of this invention will also be used, and therefore such variations will be within the scope of legal protection. In particular, the present invention claims to protect the subject matter and features of the dependent claims, regardless of reference to the respective claims. In particular, the features of the independent claim 1 of the claims can be disclosed independently of each other. Additionally, the features of the dependent claims are disclosed independently of all the features of the independent claim 1 and, for example, regardless of the features regarding the presence and/or configuration of the piston and/or connecting rod from the independent claim 1.

Position number list

10 - Piston

12 - Working environment channel

14 - Nozzle for injection of the working medium

16 - Carter

18 - Inlet

20 - Inlet channel

22 - Connecting rod

24 - Crankshaft

26 - Outlet

27 - Outlet

28 - Outlet

29 - Outlet

30 - Piston head

32 - The upper head of the connecting rod

34 - Connecting rod

36 - The lower head of the connecting rod

38 - Small hole in the connecting rod head

40 - Piston pin

42 - Piston pin bearing

44 - Large hole in the connecting rod head

46 - Connecting rod bearing

48 - Connecting channel

50 - Inlet

52 - Outlet

54 - Inner diameter surface

56 - Surface inner diameter

58 - Inlet channel

60 - Working environment camera

62 - Outlet channel

64 - Groove on the outer circumference

66 - Groove on the outer circumference

68 - Through hole

70 - Guide element for working environment

72 - Guide element for working environment

74 - Guide element for working environment

76 - Through hole.

Claims (33)

1 Device for lubricating the connecting rod bearing (46) on the crankshaft (24) of an internal combustion engine, including a piston (10) with a channel (12) for the working medium, in particular with an internal channel for the piston-cooling medium, and an outlet channel (26) connected to the channel (12) by fluid; a connecting rod (22) connected to the piston (10) by a swivel joint, in particular, with the possibility of rotation, and a small hole (38) in the connecting rod head, a large hole (44) in the connecting rod head and a connecting channel (48), while a large hole (44) in the head of the connecting rod is made to accommodate the connecting rod bearing (46); a small hole (38) in the connecting rod head is connected to the fluid outlet (26); and the connecting channel (48) forms a fluid connection between the small hole (38) in the connecting rod head and the large hole (44) in the connecting rod head, due to which the working medium, in particular the cutting fluid, can be supplied or is supplied from the channel (12 ) for the working medium through the outlet channel (26), the small hole (38) in the connecting rod head and the connecting channel (48) to the large hole (44) in the connecting rod head, a piston pin (40) placed in a small hole (38), connecting the connecting rod (22) with the piston (10) with the possibility of rotation and the chamber (60) for the working fluid, made, in particular, in the form of a through hole closed on both sides and providing a fluid connection between the outlet channel (26) and the connecting channel (48), at least one guide element (70, 72, 74) for the working medium, in particular a bypass pipe or a funnel-shaped component located under the outlet (52) of the outlet channel (26) of the piston (10) and receiving from the outlet channel (26) the working a medium that can be supplied, in particular from the ends, into the working medium chamber (60) of the piston pin (40). 2 The device according to claim 1, in which the piston pin (40) includes a groove (64) continuing along the outer circumference, with which the outlet channel (26) is connected, and a chamber (60) for the working medium in the piston pin (40), connected in fluid with the groove (64) of the outer circumference . 3 Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a piston pin bearing (42) mounted in a small hole (38) of the connecting rod head and including a through hole (68) extending at least partially along the circumference of the piston pin bearing (42). 4 The device according to claim 3, in which the parameters of the orifice (68) allow it to act as a throttle, in particular to reduce the tendency to cavitation in the connecting channel (48). 5 The device according to claim 3 or 4, in which the piston pin (40) includes a certain number of outlet channels (62) located in a circle around the central longitudinal axis of the piston pin (40) at a certain distance from each other and providing a fluid connection between the chamber (60) for the working medium and the through hole ( 68). 6 The device according to one of paragraphs. 2-5, in which the piston pin (40) includes a certain number of inlet channels (58) located in a circle around the central longitudinal axis of the piston pin (40) at a certain distance from each other and providing a fluid connection between the groove (64) of the outer circumference and the chamber (60) for the working medium in the piston pin (40). 7 The device according to claim 5 or 6, in which a certain number of inlet channels (58) is located in a circle around the central longitudinal axis of the piston pin (40) axisymmetric; and/or a certain number of outlet channels (62) are located in a circle around the central longitudinal axis of the piston pin (40) axisymmetrically. 8 The device according to claim 1, in which at least one guide element (70, 72, 74) for the working medium is installed in the hole for the piston pin in the piston (10) without the possibility of rotation or connected to the piston pin (40) without the possibility of rotation. 9 The device according to one of the previous paragraphs, in which the outlet channel (26) of the piston (10) is connected to the hole for the piston pin and, in particular, the additional outlet channel (27) of the piston (10) is connected in fluid medium with the channel (12) for the working medium and with the opposite hole for the piston piston pin (ten). 10 The device according to one of the previous paragraphs, in which the fluid connection between the outlet channel (26) and the connecting channel (48) is a continuously operating fluid connection. 11 Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a nozzle (14) for injecting the working medium directed to the inlet (18) of the inlet channel (20) of the piston (10) connected in fluid medium to the channel (12) for the working medium. 12 The device according to claim 11, in which the nozzle (14) for injecting the working medium is made separately from the piston (10) and from the connecting rod (22); and/or the nozzle (14) for injecting the working medium is located inside the crankcase (16) or fixed on it. 13 A vehicle, in particular a utility vehicle, comprising a device according to one of the preceding paragraphs.

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