RU2776005C1 - Method for forming target image to ensure use of tactical guided missiles with optoelectronic homing head - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of military technology and concerns a method for forming an image of a target to ensure the use of tactical guided missiles with an optoelectronic homing head. The method includes the detection and determination of the topographic coordinates of the target, the determination of the topographic coordinates of the launcher and the quadcopter, made with the possibility of hovering at a given point in space in the target area. According to the topographic coordinates, the calculation and implementation of the initial data for the launch of the rocket and the launch itself are carried out. The hardware installed on the quadcopter includes a digital camera, with which a digital image of the target is formed. The image is transmitted via a digital radio communication channel to the launcher for its storing as a reference in the onboard hardware of the rocket. The calculation of the initial data for the launch of the rocket is carried out by calculating the parameters of the flight path, ensuring that the angles and scales of the image recorded by the optoelectronic homing head and the reference image coincide in the final section.

EFFECT: increase in the probability of target detection and recognition and the accuracy of missile homing on the target.

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Description

The invention relates to means of combat support for the use of guided high-precision weapons, in particular, ground-based and air-based tactical missiles with optoelectronic homing head.

There are known methods for launching a guided missile (UR) into the target capture zone by a homing head (GOS) [1, 2], which consists in launching it to a given height, subsequent planning along a ballistic trajectory and bringing the GOS into the capture zone using the proportional navigation method when the rocket reaches a given program distance to the target. The disadvantages of the methods are limited only by the ballistic section of the missile trajectory without considering the most critical homing section and the lack of consideration of the type and properties of specific GOS.

Known methods of targeting ground-based missiles [3] and firing guided artillery shells [4] with semi-active laser seeker. The methods provide for target illumination by a ground-based laser designator - an illuminator, switched on via a digital radio communication channel by an operator (serviceman) or automatically according to a preset program. The disadvantages of the methods are the complexity of the technical and algorithmic implementation and the difficulty of organizing the coordinated interaction of the ground components used.

In contrast to the methods [3, 4], in the known method of firing a guided projectile [5], a laser designator-rangefinder (LCD) having a target illumination mode is installed on board an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flying along a given route. Also, the on-board version has an autopilot with an inertial satellite navigation system, digital radio communications for transmitting data on the coordinates of the target to the firing position, a gyro-stabilized platform, a television camera with an automatic tracking device, and drives for turning the LCD and television cameras. According to the data received, a calculation is made at the firing position, the implementation of firing installations and the firing of a projectile. At the time of the shot, a digital radio communication on board the UAV transmits a command to turn on the LCD in the backlight mode. In this case, the camera performs an auxiliary preliminary function of visual target detection by the operator of the firing position.

The disadvantages of the method are the need to use expensive and difficult-to-manage cargo-lifting aircraft-type UAVs to accommodate these onboard components and the requirement to use powerful laser radiation generators with a cumbersome focusing system (UAV altitude ceiling up to 5000 m).

The main common drawback of the methods [3-5] is a strong unmasking feature - laser illumination illumination, which reveals the fact of an attack on a target and makes it easier for the enemy to use means of fire destruction of the illuminator and, more importantly, when deployed on the ground, the combat crew of military personnel.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention (prototype) is a method of target illumination to ensure the use of ammunition with a laser seeker [6], including the determination of the topographic coordinates of the ground target designator and firing position, detection, measurement of spherical coordinates by the target designator and determination of the topographic coordinates of the target. According to the specified topographic coordinates, the calculation, the implementation of firing installations and the production of a shot of ammunition are performed. The components of the hardware used are mounted on a quadrocopter configured to hover over the target. The laser target illuminator is made as a separate component, fixed to the bottom of the quadrocopter and held in a nadir position due to gravity. Illumination radiation is switched on by means of calculation of military personnel via a digital radio communication channel synchronously with the moment of firing and the flight time of the ammunition in the final section of the trajectory.

The disadvantages of the prototype method are as follows:

1. As in the case of methods [3-5], method [6] also has the main drawback - the specified unmasking feature. The defeat of a quadcopter with an illuminator identified by the enemy really saves the life of the calculation, however, leads to the loss of the conditions for homing ammunition and a decrease in the reliability (failure) of the task of destroying the target.

2. In real combat conditions, the potentially high efficiency indicators of the used homing principle for reflected laser radiation are significantly reduced. A decrease in the probability of detection and recognition of a target by means of calculation, the accuracy of aiming an ammunition at a target can be caused by a number of reasons: the enemy takes measures to mask and promptly relocate the target, jamming the receiving sensors of the laser seeker, worsening propagation conditions (attenuation, reflection, refraction) of laser radiation in artificial and natural meteorological formations (smoke, hydrometeors, atmospheric heterogeneities).

The objective of the claimed invention is to create a method for forming an image of the target, providing an increase in the combat effectiveness of the use of tactical missiles with optoelectronic seeker.

To solve the problem in the method of forming a target image to ensure the use of tactical missiles with an optoelectronic seeker, including the detection and determination of the topographic coordinates of the target, the determination of the topographic coordinates of the launcher and the quadrocopter with installed hardware components, made with the possibility of hovering at a given point in space in target area, calculation according to the specified topographic coordinates and implementation of initial data for missile launch, missile launch, a digital camera is included in the installed quadrocopter hardware components, a digital image of the target is formed using the camera, the formed image of the target is transmitted to the launcher via a digital radio channel to bookmark the image before launch into the on-board hardware of the rocket, the specified image during homing of the rocket is used as a reference, while the calculation of the initial data for the launch of the rocket is performed by calculation of the parameters of the trajectory of its flight, ensuring the coincidence of the angles and scales of the image recorded by the optical-electronic seeker of the rocket and the reference image on the final section of the trajectory.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to reliably increase the combat effectiveness of the use of tactical missiles with optoelectronic seeker, namely the probability of detection and recognition of the target and the accuracy of homing the missile to the target.

The essential distinguishing features of the proposed method in comparison with the prototype are:

1. The inclusion of a digital camera operating in the passive reception mode into the installed hardware components of the quadrocopter makes it possible to covertly (without unmasking radiation) form a detailed digital image of the target as an extended object. At the same time, the use of a multispectral camera (see below for the implementation of the method) provides a highly informative multispectral image that guarantees a high probability of correct detection and recognition of the target and the required final accuracy of homing in the image to the target.

The prototype uses single-mode radiation mounted on a quadrocopter laser illuminator. At the same time, the signal reflected from the target is uninformative (the target acts as a point object) and is not suitable for forming an image of the target, which is necessary for its detection, recognition and guidance of the ammunition.

2. The digital image of the target formed by the camera of the quadrocopter is transmitted via a digital radio communication channel to the launcher for its insertion into the on-board hardware of the SD before launching. At the final section of the trajectory, the image laid on board the rocket is used as a reference for implementing the method of comparison (comparison) of the image recorded by the optoelectronic means of the seeker with the reference during homing. In this case, for example, a correlation-extremal procedure for processing compared images can be used.

In the prototype, the function of forming the image of the target is not provided. Ammunition homing is performed by laser illumination reflected from the target.

3. Determining the initial data for launching the SD by calculating the trajectory parameters that ensure the coincidence of the angles and scales of the fixed and reference images of the target in the final section is necessary for the correct alignment of these images when they are compared (compared). The scaling and orientation of the image recorded by the GOS when approaching the target is performed by the on-board hardware of the missile according to the data on its current coordinates (supplied by the navigation component of the on-board hardware) and the coordinates of the target and the quadcopter. At the same time, the optimal parameters of the missile trajectory, including from the point of view of approach safety, are selected based on the tactical situation on the battlefield (target placement features, the presence and location of cover weapons, and other factors), awareness of which is ensured by the calculation of military personnel (see below). in details).

In the prototype, there are no such measures.

Consider the operation of the proposed method and the sequence of operations that ensures its implementation. Consideration will begin with the task of ensuring the use of ground-based tactical guided missiles.

An example of such a missile is the Spike NLOS multi-purpose missile (also known as Tamuz), which is part of the eponymous anti-tank missile system of the Israeli company Rafael [7, 8]. The missile is designed to fire from closed positions (NLOS - Non - Line -Of Sight) at invisible targets and is used using a portable transport and launch container, which is placed on a launcher (PU) with various platforms, for example, on the basis of an army vehicle HMMWV American made. The missile is equipped with a television / thermal imaging seeker, which provides, in the main version of combat use, detection, target acquisition and guidance according to the “fire-and-forget” principle. To do this, the GOS forms an image of the target in the visible and infrared wavelengths. As a backup, a variant of command missile guidance via a two-way data transmission channel is provided.

The operation of the proposed method is ensured by the calculation of military personnel as part of a quadrocopter operator and a spotter operator. The calculation takes a position at a distance from the line of contact, allowing for the detection and observation of targets and assessment of the tactical situation on the battlefield. To carry out this operation, the crew members are equipped with portable navigation and digital radio communications, as well as remote controls. Similar means are equipped with rocket launchers. The spotter is also equipped with a target designator that provides sighting and measurement of the target's spherical coordinates (range, azimuth and elevation angles). An example of a target designator is the PDU-4 reconnaissance device manufactured by TSNIITOCHMASH JSC.

With the help of navigation tools, the operation of determining the topographic coordinates of the spotter (target designator) and PU is performed. As these means, modules of satellite and inertial magnetic navigation from the instrumentation of operators and the onboard control system of the robotic platform of the robotic complex can be used [9].

When detecting and measuring the spherical coordinates of the target, the topographic coordinates of the target are calculated from the known coordinates of the target designator. This operation is performed in the spotter console. The received target coordinates are transmitted via digital radio communication to the quadrocopter operator consoles and PU. At the same time, data on the tactical situation on the battlefield is transmitted to the control panel. The radio communication facilities provide for the exchange of data and control commands between the consoles of the military personnel of the calculation and the control panel connected to them, as well as voice messages between the military personnel. Here, radio communication modules from the robotic complex can also be used [9].

At the command of a higher control body located in the immediate vicinity of the PU position, the quadcopter operator, using the remote control, via the standard radio communication channel connected to it with the quadcopter, in advance or immediately before the missile launch, brings the quadcopter to a pre-calculated point in space in the target area and puts it into the hold mode. coordinates. Then, also on command, the quadcopter operator performs the operation of turning on the onboard camera, pointing the camera at a point with known coordinates of the target, and forming (shooting) its digital image. The resulting image is transmitted to the remote control.

Specialists (operators) PU on the received digital image perform the operation of detection, recognition of the target and, with a positive decision, bookmark the reference image in the on-board hardware of the missile.

It is important to emphasize here that for the qualitative solution of the above tasks and the final high-precision homing of the rocket, the main characteristics of the quadrocopter camera (wavelength range of the received radiation, resolution, image format, dynamic range) must be consistent with the characteristics of the receiving sensors of the missile seeker.

The final operation is the calculation of the optimal parameters of the missile's trajectory, which ensures the coincidence of the angles and scales of the fixed seeker and the reference images of the target in the final section.

The previously considered operation of determining the topographic coordinates of the target from the measurements of the target designator is not the only possible one. Another option is to determine the specified coordinates according to the method [10], according to which the image formed by the camera of the quadrocopter (in particular, a video / photograph) is combined with the corresponding section of the digital map of the area built into the bullet spotter or PU, followed by reading from the map the coordinates of the center of the image goals. This is preceded (before the quadrocopter is brought to the required pre-calculated point in space) by a controlled flight segment of the quadrocopter along the search trajectory in a given area, the fact of finding the target in which is known, for example, from military intelligence data. After preliminary detection of the target, the above sequence of operations continues. It is clear that in this case there is no need for a target designator and corresponding operations.

All of the above fully applies to the task of ensuring the use of tactical guided missiles with optoelectronic air-launched seeker. The launcher of the rocket is "transferred" on board the corresponding air carrier.

An example of such a missile is the American JAGM multi-purpose air-to-ground missile (Joint Air-to Ground Missile) of Lockheed Martin Corporation [11]. The missile is equipped with a multi-mode seeker, is designed for installation on attack helicopters and UAVs and is a replacement for the obsolete American AGM-114 Hellfire and British Brimstone missiles. A more advanced model of weapons of the same class is the domestic light multipurpose guided missile (LMUR) [12,13], designed to equip the Mi-28 NM and Ka-52M helicopters and destroy surface stationary and mobile (ground and surface) targets. The LMUR has a multispectral seeker with TV/photocontrast sensors and infrared photoreceivers in the mid- and long-wavelength IR ranges. In the considered examples, the application of the proposed method will improve the effectiveness of the combat use of air strikes.

Thus, the proposed method can be implemented and provides an increase in the combat effectiveness of the use of tactical missiles with optoelectronic seeker, namely the probability of detection and recognition of the target and the accuracy of homing the missile to the target.

Sources of information:

1. Patent RU 2542691.

2. Patent RU 2583347.

3. Patent RU 2657356.

4. Patent RU 2716462.

5. Patent RU 2584210.

6. Patent RU 2755134.

7. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike_(ATGM).

8. Israeli missile system Spike-NLOS-https://bmpd.livejoumal.com/3287664.html.

9. Patent RU 2725942.

10. Patent RU 2726902.

11. JAGM. Multipurpose guided missile. - https://naukatehnika.com/mnogocelevaya-upravlyaemaya-raketa-jagm.html.

12. The veil of secrecy over the "product 305" is ajar. What is the formidable burglar for the Night Hunter capable of? html.

13. The first public demonstration of the LMUR rocket. - https://bmpd.livejournal.com/4378732.html.

Claims (1)

A method for forming an image of a target to ensure the use of tactical guided missiles with an optoelectronic homing head, including detecting and determining the topographic coordinates of the target, determining the topographic coordinates of the launcher and the quadrocopter with installed hardware components, configured to hover at a given point in space in the target area, calculation according to the specified topographic coordinates and implementation of the initial data for launching a rocket, production of a rocket launch, characterized in that a digital camera is included in the installed quadrocopter hardware components, a digital image of the target is formed using the camera, the formed image of the target is transmitted to the launcher via a digital radio channel installation for bookmarking the image before launch into the on-board hardware of the rocket, the specified image during homing of the rocket is used as a reference, while the calculation of the initial data for launch p The missiles are performed by calculating the parameters of the trajectory of its flight, which ensure the coincidence of the angles and scales of the image recorded by the optoelectronic homing head of the rocket and the reference image in the final section of the trajectory.