RU2754290C1 - Apparatus for morphometry of the human cranio-maxillofacial region and registration of mandibular movement - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine, namely to apparatuses for morphometry of the human cranio-maxillofacial region and registration of mandibular movement. The apparatus comprises a supporting part made in the form of an elastic bandage. The supporting part comprises a box with a cover, installed in the frontal part on the elastic bandage. The measuring system comprises a rectangular frame located in the plane parallel to the face of the patient. The frame is equipped with a telescopic unit installed under the cover of the box, made of two L-shaped elements forming the upper side of the frame and two vertical rods in the form of the lateral sides of the frame, wherein each of the rods is equipped with a measuring scale. The L-shaped elements are connected by a flexible tube in the upper part. The frame is equipped with three horizontal rails at the bottom and in the centre, wherein each of the rails comprises a measuring scale with moving recorders for the position of the control points of the face. The horizontal rails are configured to changing the position relative to the control points of the face and the measuring scale on the vertical rods of the frame so as to allow for measurement of the height of the lower and the middle third of the face, estimation of the width of the face, type of the face and symmetry thereof. The apparatus is equipped with a unit for registering mandibular movement, containing a digital camera, a plexiglass screen attached to the middle rail of the frame of the telescopic system and equipped with a measuring grid with millimeter lines and angles. The apparatus comprises a fibre-optic sensor configured to be installed on the mandibular teeth at the contact point corresponding to the median line of the face. The sensor is connected with a laser pointer by a fibre-optic cable. The registration unit is configured to calculate the trajectory of the movement of the mandible.

EFFECT: increase in the functional capabilities of the apparatus is achieved.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to dentistry, and can be used for diagnostics and control of elimination of dento-maxillofacial anomalies and can be widely used both in dentistry and for restorative treatment in clinics.

It is known "A device for diagnosing dentoalveolar anomalies", which is a ruler with divisions, characterized in that it consists of two mutually perpendicular rulers, one of which is vertical and has a longitudinal groove along the entire length, and the second - horizontal has a measuring scale and is connected to the first with the ability to move vertically.

RF patent for PM No. 18631, IPC: А61С 19/04, publ. July 10, 2001

It is known "A device for measuring the amplitude of movements of the lower jaw", which is a plate with measuring scales applied to it, characterized in that the device is made in the form of a T-shaped plate of transparent material and contains two scales, one of which is located on the horizontal part of the plate, and the second - on the vertical, and the horizontal scale is shifted downward by a distance equal to the minimum displacement of the lower jaw, on the vertical scale, the dimensional divisions are made along its axis, and at the end of the half-centimeter notches on both scales, there are arrows-indicators.

RF patent for PM No. 121149, IPC: А61С19 / 04, publ. 20.10.2012

It is known "A device for the simultaneous measurement of anthropometric parameters of the jaw in two mutually perpendicular planes", containing two bodies: large and small, fixed relative to each other in a T-shaped manner, in which movable canvases in the form of spokes are located in two mutually perpendicular planes, and the spokes are provided with a color marking, the spokes are made with the ability to move in the vertical plane in the clamps located in the housings, and the clamps are rectangular plates, between which there is a canvas in the form of knitting needles, and the measurement data are transferred to the rulers located on the bottom of the large and small housings.

RF patent for PM No. 183592, IPC: А61С19 / 04, publ. September 26, 2018

It is known "A device for determining the central ratio of jaws", containing a maxillary and mandibular plastic bases, an upper support plate, a force sensor with replaceable sensing elements made in the form of rods of various lengths, characterized in that it is equipped with a mechanism for smooth regulation of the interalveolar distance containing a rod , kinematically connected by means of a thread with the ability to move in the axial direction in a sleeve fixed in the glass of the sensing element of the force sensor, while the sensing element is made H-shaped, on the transverse elastic shelf of which strain transducers are fixed, and the free ends pass into longitudinal plates, which are associated with the mandibular plastic base.

RF patent for invention No. 2093108, IPC: А61С 19/04, publ. 20.10.1997

It is known "A device for measuring face parameters" containing a ruler, characterized in that a slot is made along the central part of the ruler in which three vertical plates are installed, while the first vertical plastic is fixed at the proximal end of the slot, which is located at a distance of 20 mm from the end of the working the edges of the ruler, the second and third vertical plates are installed with the ability to move along the slot of the ruler, and in the third vertical plate with a measuring scale there is a slot in which a horizontally located fourth plate with a measuring scale is movably placed, the working end of the fourth plate is directed towards the first and second plates , while the second, third and fourth plates are made removable with a T-shaped bottom edge, while "0" of the measuring scale of the ruler is located at the place of fixing the first plate, the division "0" of the measuring scale of the third plate is located on the edge moving along the ruler , division "0" of the measuring scale of the fourth plate is located on the edge moving along the slot of the third plate ",

RF patent for invention No. 2310382, IPC: A61 B5 / 107, publ. 20.01.2014

The closest analogue to the technical solution proposed as an invention is a "Device for morphometry of the maxillofacial region in humans", which includes a support part with measuring elements moving relative to it, while the support part is made in the form of a replaceable spectacle frame individually selectable in width, fixed in the back of the head with the help of elastic belts, T-shaped converging from the nose and temples of the frame, having replaceable nozzles that change the position of the temple relative to the upper edge of the ear, and the measuring elements are made in the form of two vertical rods fixed on the frame, rigidly connected from above and below with horizontally located U-shaped frames, the middle part of which is located frontally, is sliding on one side and contains slots that coincide in the sagittal plane with the center of the transfer of the corresponding frame, while all parts of the U-shaped frames are simultaneously a millimeter ruler m, and the vertical rods are equipped with millimeter rulers rotating around them, the length of which corresponds to the distance between the U-shaped frames.

RF patent for invention No. 2284147, IPC: А61С19 / 04, publ. September 27, 2006 The technical result consists in increasing the functionality of the device due to the rapid diagnosis of the morphological parameters of the face, that is, the characteristics of the vertical and horizontal parameters of the face, and its symmetry, as well as the identification of the nature of violations of the movements of the lower jaw.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the "Device for the morphometry of the maxillofacial region in humans and the registration of movements of the lower jaw" contains a support part with a movement mechanism equipped with measuring elements. In this case, the supporting part is made in the form of a removable elastic bandage, made with the possibility of fixing on the head of a person. The movement mechanism associated with the supporting part of the system consists of vertical rods and horizontal strips equipped with measuring scales with millimeter divisions. In this case, the supporting part contains a box with a lid installed in the frontal part on an elastic bandage. The measuring system contains a rectangular frame located in a plane parallel to the patient's face. The frame is equipped with a telescopic unit installed under the box lid, made of two L-shaped elements forming the upper side of the frame, and two vertical rods in the form of lateral sides of the frame, each of which is equipped with a measuring scale. In this case, the L-shaped elements are connected in the upper part by a flexible tube that ensures their movement. The frame at the bottom and in the center is equipped with three horizontal bars, each of which also contains a measuring scale with movable latches of the position of the control points of the face. In this case, the horizontal bars are made with the possibility of changing their position relative to the control points of the face and the measuring scale on the vertical rods of the frame so that it is possible to measure the height of the lower and middle third of the face, assess the width of the face, the type of face and its symmetry. Also, the device is equipped with a unit for recording the movements of the lower jaw and assessing their nature, which contains a digital camera, a plexiglass screen attached to the middle bar of the telescopic system frame, and equipped with a measuring grid with millimeter divisions and angles. The device also contains a fiber-optic sensor configured to be mounted on the teeth of the lower jaw at the contact point corresponding to the midline of the face. In this case, the sensor is connected by a fiber-optic cable with a laser pointer. And the digital camera is made with the possibility of fixing the laser pattern on the plexiglass screen with the laser pointer turned on at the same time so that the graph of the movement of the lower jaw is displayed in photographs. In this case, the registration unit is configured to calculate the trajectory of movement of the lower jaw. The device is illustrated in FIG. 1, 2, 3 and 4.

FIG. 1 - device for morphometry of the maxillofacial region in humans and registration of movements of the lower jaw (general drawing-diagram).

FIG. 2 - device for morphometry of the maxillofacial region in humans and registration of movements of the lower jaw (drawing-diagram of fastening the telescopic unit under the box lid).

FIG. 3 - device for morphometry of the maxillofacial region in humans and registration of movements of the lower jaw (diagram of the location of the fiber-optic sensor on the patient's teeth).

FIG. 4 - device for morphometry of the maxillofacial region in humans and registration of movements of the lower jaw (diagram of connection of fiber optic fibers and a sensor with a laser pointer).

The device consists of a removable elastic bandage 1, for fixing it on the patient's head, a box 2 with a cover 3 is installed in the frontal part of the face on the bandage, while the measuring system contains a rectangular frame located in a plane parallel to the patient's face.

The frame is equipped with a telescopic unit installed under the cover 3 of the box 2, made of two L-shaped elements 4 forming the upper side of the frame and two vertical rods in the form of the lateral sides of the frame, each of which is equipped with a measuring scale. In this case, the L-shaped elements 4 are connected in the upper part by a flexible tube 5, which ensures their movement. In addition, the frame at the bottom and in the center is equipped with three horizontal strips 6, each of which contains a measuring scale with movable latches 7 of the position of the control points of the face. It is possible to adjust the apparatus for the individual characteristics of the morphological structure of the maxillofacial region.

In addition, the device is equipped with a unit for recording the movements of the lower jaw and assessing their nature, which contains a digital camera 8 attached to the middle bar 6 of the frame of the telescopic system, a plexiglass screen 9 equipped with a measuring grid with millimeter divisions and angles, a fiber optic sensor 10 mounted on the teeth of the lower jaw at the contact point corresponding to the midline of the face, and connected by a fiber-optic cable 11 with a laser pointer 12. The device can be adjusted to the individual characteristics of the morphological structure of the maxillofacial region. The device is equipped with a unit for recording the movements of the lower jaw and assessing their nature, which contains a digital camera 8, a Plexiglas screen 9 attached to the middle bar 6 of the frame, equipped with a measuring grid with millimeter divisions and angles, a fiber-optic sensor 10 installed on the teeth of the lower jaw at the contact point corresponding to the midline of the face, and connected by a fiber optic cable 11 with a laser pointer 12.

The device for morphometry of the maxillofacial region in humans and recording the movements of the lower jaw works as follows: Three horizontal strips 6 are equipped with measuring scales that interact with moving fixers of the position of the control points 7. Due to the flexible tube 5, which ensures the movement of the telescopic assembly L-shaped elements 4, the vertical side rods of which are also equipped with measuring scales, while their position is adjusted relative to the measuring scale on the strips 6 and the moving fixators of the position of the control points 7, and when they interact, the height of the middle and lower third of the face, the upper and lower morphological height of the face, morphological and genius width of the face, determination of the type of face, assessment of its symmetry.

Measurement of the middle and lower third of the face

The vertical lateral rods of the L-shaped elements 4 are set at the level of the morphological width of the face. Next, we mark the control points on the face for measuring the middle and lower third of the face: gl (the most protruding on the lower part of the forehead along the mid-sagittal plane), sn (the junction point of the nasal septum and upper lip), those (the lowest point of the symphysis of the lower jaw). The horizontal bars 6 are fastened with clamps to the vertical side rods of the L-shaped elements 4. To adjust the distance between them in accordance with the individual morphological structure of the maxillofacial region, press the clamp, move the horizontal bar 6 and release the clamp. We put the fixators of the position of control points 7 in the area of the marked points on the patient's face. We measure the distance between the control points marked with latches on the horizontal strips, we compare the data with the millimeter scale on the vertical rods 4. We write the data into the log.

Measurement of the upper and lower morphological height of the face

It is performed similarly to the previous measurement, except for other specified control points: n (point at the intersection of the median plane with the nasolabial suture), pr (anterior point of the alveolar ridge of the upper jaw), point gn (point on the lower edge of the lower jaw).

This device allows you to measure the morphological width of the face, the brilliant width of the face. Having marked on the face the most outwardly protruding points of the zygomatic arch on the right and left, adjusting the vertical rods 4, we place the horizontal strips 6 in the area of these points. The distance between the points on the right and left sides will be shown on the horizontal bar. We write the data to the log. We measure the ingenious width of the face in the same way, only between the lower and posterior points of the corners of the lower jaw on the right and left.

With the use of this device, it is possible to determine the facial index according to Izard. Two parameters are measured using horizontal strips 6 and vertical rods 4 with millimeter divisions. Parameters: morphological height of the face (n-gn) and width of the face in the area of the zygomatic arches. By the value of the obtained index, the type of face is determined (very wide, wide, medium, narrow, very narrow).

Assessment of facial symmetry

It is necessary to arrange three control fixing points so that they coincide with the midline of the face, which runs along the bridge of the nose, the tip of the nose, the nasal groove and the top of the chin. We estimate the symmetry of the right and left halves of the face, focusing on the distance between the median line drawn through these control points and the vertical rods set at the level of the morphological width of the face.

After determining the morphological parameters, the nature of the movements of the lower jaw is assessed.

On the middle horizontal bar 6 a screen of 9 plexiglas is fixed. The lower horizontal bar is removable. On screen 9 graph paper is lined and corners are marked. The trajectory of movement of the lower jaw is determined. In the patient's hands there is a laser pointer 12, from which a fiber-optic cable 11 departs, connected to a fiber-optic sensor 10, which is fixed with food glue to the contact point on the teeth of the lower jaw, corresponding to the midline of the face. When turning on the laser pointer 12, the patient needs to open his mouth smoothly. Set the camera 8 (freehand exposure function) on a tripod and direct it to the screen 9. The mode will take photos while the button is pressed. We set the shutter speed for a few seconds and the low sensitivity (ISO parameter) at 100 points. Set the F / Stop parameter (f-number) to F6.7 or F8. We set the time on the timer with a margin of a few seconds to turn on the laser pointer. The patient turns on the laser pointer 12, the radiation passes through the fiber-optic cable 11 to the sensor 10, and a time-lapse photograph is recorded of the movement of the lower jaw (laser pattern on the screen) when opening the mouth, lateral movements. The resulting drawing is printed. We measure the graphs of the movement of the lower jaw when opening the mouth and lateral movements (right and left).

The use of the proposed technical solution as an invention provides for the determination of the degree of displacement of the lower jaw (in mm and in degrees) when opening the mouth, the study of the movement of the lower jaw during lateral movements, the study of vertical and horizontal parameters of the face, its symmetry. That is, the present invention provides express diagnostics of morphofunctional disorders of the maxillofacial region.

Claims (1)

A device for morphometry of the maxillofacial region of a person and registration of movements of the lower jaw, containing a support part with a movement mechanism equipped with measuring elements, while the support part is made in the form of a removable elastic bandage made with the possibility of fixation on the human head, and the movement mechanism associated with the supporting part of the system, consists of vertical rods and horizontal strips equipped with measuring scales with millimeter divisions, characterized in that the supporting part contains a box with a lid installed in the frontal part on an elastic band, and the measuring system contains a rectangular frame located in a plane parallel to the patient's face, while the frame is equipped with a telescopic unit installed under the box lid, made of two L-shaped elements forming the upper side of the frame and two vertical rods in the form of lateral sides of the frame, each of which is equipped with a measuring scale, while L-shaped electric the elements are connected in the upper part by a flexible tube, which ensures their movement, and the frame is provided at the bottom and in the center with three horizontal strips, each of which also contains a measuring scale with movable latches of the position of the control points of the face, while the horizontal strips are made with the possibility of changing their position relative to the control points of the face and the measuring scale on the vertical rods of the frame so that it is possible to measure the height of the lower and middle third of the face, assess the width of the face, type of face and its symmetry, in addition, the device is equipped with a unit for recording movements of the lower jaw and assessing their character, which contains a digital camera, a plexiglass screen attached to the middle bar of the telescopic system frame, and equipped with a measuring grid with millimeter divisions and angles, and the device contains a fiber optic sensor configured to be installed on the teeth of the lower jaw at the contact point, corresponding the middle line of the face, while the sensor is connected by a fiber-optic cable with a laser pointer, and the digital camera is configured to fix the laser pattern on the plexiglass screen with the laser pointer turned on simultaneously so that the graph of the movement of the lower jaw is displayed in the photographs, while the registration unit is made with the ability to calculate the trajectory of movement of the lower jaw.

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