RU2610165C1 - Piston vacuum pump-compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely to piston machines for the production of positive-displacement compressed gas or a vacuum, and may be used as a compressor or a vacuum pump. Piston vacuum pump-compressor comprises a tank separator partially filled with liquid and connected to it a supply and return pipelines piston unit is comprising a cylinder with end caps, reciprocates in the cylinder piston and rod and valve and/or spool gas distribution device . Between the piston and the cylinder an annular gap is made, into which a pressurized fluid is supplied via a supply line from the tank separator, and is displayed on the liquid discharge line back into the separator tank together with the compressed gas. The design of the pump-compressor completely excluded compressible gas leakage through the gaps between the piston and the cylinder, which considerably increases the volumetric and overall efficiency.

EFFECT: invention extends the number of piston units, which can be used as a pump or compressor.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, namely, to reciprocating volume displacement machines for producing compressed gas or creating a vacuum, and can be used as a compressor or vacuum pump.

In the prior art (see MI Frenkel "Piston Compressors", Mashgiz, 1960, p. 625, Fig. XII.32) a reciprocating compressor with a labyrinth seal between the piston and the cylinder is known. The advantages of this compressor are the absence of oil in the compressible gas, low friction and wear, durability, reliability. The disadvantages of the known device are low volumetric and overall efficiency due to large leakages of compressible gas through the gaps of the labyrinth seal.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages. The technical result is to reduce leakage of compressible gas.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that the piston vacuum pump-compressor contains a separator tank partially filled with liquid and a double-acting piston unit connected to it by supply and discharge pipelines, including a cylinder with end caps, reciprocating piston moving in the cylinder with a stem and valve and / or spool gas distribution devices, while an annular gap is made between the piston and cylinder, into which fluid is supplied under pressure through the piping from the separator tank, and the liquid is discharged through the discharge pipelines back to the separator tank together with the compressed gas. The piston and / or cylinder can be made with circular grooves on their cylindrical surfaces, forming a labyrinth seal between the piston and the cylinder. As a liquid, water can be used. The supply pipe can be equipped with a heat exchanger-cooler and a pump that increases the pressure of the liquid.

The drawing shows one of the embodiments of the proposed vacuum pump-compressor.

The compressor pump consists of a cylinder 1 with an annular groove 2 for supplying liquid 3. Cylinder 1 at both ends is closed by covers 4 with valve plates 5, on which gas distribution devices are located: discharge 6 and suction 7 valves. It is possible to perform slide valve devices. In covers 4, injection 8 and suction 9 cavities are formed, which are divided among themselves. In the cylinder 1 between the valve plates 5 there is a piston 10 connected to the rod 11. On the cylindrical surface of the piston 10, annular grooves are formed that form a labyrinth seal. The rod 11 is connected to a reciprocating drive (not shown in the drawing). In the lids 4, channels 12 are made, connected by pipelines 13 to the separator tank 14 and used to divert compressed liquid-gas mixture from the injection cavities 8 to the separator tank 14. The separator tank 14 is equipped with a pump 15, which delivers liquid through the heat exchanger-cooler 16 3 from the separator tank 14 into the annular groove 2 of the cylinder 1. The separator tank has a pipe 17 for exhausting the compressible gas. An axial hole 18 and radial holes 19 are made in the rod 11, which serve to connect the suction cavities 9. One of the cavities 9 is connected to the suction channel 20. Water is used as the liquid 3.

As a compressor for compressing air, the proposed compressor pump operates as follows.

The rod 11 together with the piston 10 performs reciprocating movements in the cylinder 1 between the valve plates 5. In varying the volume of the cavities between the valve plates 5 and the ends of the piston 10, the atmospheric air is sucked from the suction cavities 9 through the suction valves 7, air compression and exhaust it through the discharge valves 6 into the discharge cavities 8. At the same time, the pump 15 from the separator tank 14 supplies water 3 to the annular groove 2 of the cylinder 1. Since the pressure of water 3 is greater than the pressure of the compressed air (pressure The water pressure consists of the pressure of the pump 15 and the pressure of the compressed air in the separator tank 14), the water 3 through the gaps of the labyrinth seal of the piston 10 enters the cavity between the piston 10 and the valve plates 5, from where together with the compressed air water 3 is discharged into the discharge cavities 8. The presence of pressurized water in the grooves of the labyrinth seal of the piston 10 prevents the flow of compressible air through the labyrinth seal. Next, the compressed air-water mixture through the channels 12 and pipelines 13 enters the separator tank 14, where it is separated into water and compressed air, which is discharged through the pipe 17 to the consumer. Water from the separator tank 14 using the pump 15 and under the action of compressed air pressure in the separator tank 14 again flows through the heat exchanger-cooler 16 into the cylinder 1.

As a vacuum pump, the proposed compressor pump will operate according to the same algorithm as described above, provided that the pumped volume is connected to the suction channel 20 of the compressor pump and the outlet pipe 17 of the separator tank 14 is connected to the atmosphere.

In the proposed design of the pump-compressor, in comparison with the prototype, gas leaks through the gaps between the piston and cylinder are completely eliminated, which significantly increases the volumetric and overall efficiency.

Claims (5)

1. A piston vacuum pump-compressor, comprising a separator tank partially filled with liquid, and a reciprocating piston unit of two-way action connected to it by a supply and outlet piping, including a cylinder with end caps, a piston with a rod and valve and / or valve reciprocating spool gas distribution devices, while an annular gap is made between the piston and the cylinder, into which liquid is supplied under pressure through the inlet pipe from the separator tank, and liquid is discharged spillage along the discharge pipelines back to the separator tank together with the compressed gas. 2. The pump-compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston and / or cylinder is made with circular grooves on its cylindrical surfaces forming a labyrinth seal between the piston and the cylinder. 3. The compressor pump according to claim 1, characterized in that water is used as a liquid. 4. The pump-compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply pipe is equipped with a heat exchanger-cooler. 5. The pump-compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply pipe is equipped with a pump that increases the pressure of the liquid.

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