RU2696034C1 - Combined device for biomelioration of strongly acidic soils with desalinization and complex treatment of degraded rainfed lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agricultural machine building. Combined device for biomelioration of strongly acidic soils with desalinization and complex treatment of degraded rainfed lands includes self-propelled base chassis with three-section frame with two mounted wheelpairs with paired wheels installed on each section of frame. On the first section of frame there installed is cabin of combined unit with computer, control processor with code GPS receiver of coordinates and control board of automatic switching on and off of drive of working elements. On the second section of the frame there installed is engine of basic chassis with flow divider, filter of exhaust gases, fuel tank and working fluid tank of hydraulic system with hydraulic pump, flow dividers and branch pipes. Branch pipe from exhaust gas filter is connected to ejector of product conduit connected with two-section container for organomineral components of fertilizer interlayer or water-regulating screen. Behind cabin there are two-section tanks for ameliorant with dosing units, shutoff device, pump connected by branch pipes with outlets of disperse ameliorant behind blades under plates of tillage machines. On the sides of the cabin front there are tanks for herbicides connected through the shutoff devices to the pump and branch pipe with nozzles under the moldboard, located behind the battery of cutting discs. Said branch pipes with nozzles via shutoff devices, flow dividers via pump, dosing unit and product pipeline are connected to container for mineral fertilizer NPK or phosphogypsum located on second section of frame. On the second section of the frame there is a three-section tiered volumetric deep cultivator composed of parabolic stands of rippers with inclined knife plates, moldboards, branch pipes and slotted outlets of the mixture. three-section tiered volumetric deep cultivator comprises central section in direction of movement with wedge-shaped moldboard between first and second strut posts of second transverse plane, as well as two side sections with the extreme post in the third transverse plane and the deep tiller post in the fourth transverse plane, recessed into the slot from the second post. All parabolic posts of the tiered volumetric deep cultivator contain a mechanism for automatic controlled locating and moving position of bits and knife plates in the depth of processing and hydraulic drive to transfer the ripper to the transport position. On the third section of the frame there arranged is a compressor, a product pipeline, seed containers, a container for a solution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, connected to a distributing head and a branch pipe fixed on a bracket of a disc ploughshare. Similar pneumatic sowing machines are arranged behind the frame of the third section and on its sides, and leveling-compacting device is arranged behind the stands of seed shoes for seeding-down.

EFFECT: reduced time of reclamation of degraded and increased productivity of agricultural lands.

5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the reclamation of unproductive agricultural land with the presence of spots of degraded soil, and more specifically, to improve arable land and meadows with deoxidation or desalinization of the soil, the simultaneous utilization of shredded vegetation, the introduction of fertilizer or herbicides in the subcoat loosened layer, or ameliorant - phosphogypsum, binary sowing on a strip with zero seed treatment, leveling and compaction of the surface layer with seed placement, in addition, will find application for improving Water conservation in rainfed lands.

The essence of the problem lies in the fact that at present large areas (130 million ha.) Of arable land, meadows and pastures have undergone degradation in order to restore the functioning of arable land and meadows on rainfed or fallow lands, along with the prevention of salt removal during the transpiration of water through capillaries on the soil surface, stubble and the surface layer of the soil must be preserved to eliminate the possibility of wind and water erosion, biological soil treatment with the introduction of a layer of manure, a solution with a nitrogen-fixing microorganism mechanical treatment with different depths of loosening of the subsoil horizons of the soil regulating the amount of water for the development of the root mass of plants and the chemical treatment of the crushed lower soil layer and the upper layer of subsoil soil with the introduction of ameliorants, which will increase the productivity of reclaimed land.

Known combined tillage machine (SU, US Pat. Invention No. 1072830, IPC A01B 49/06, BPMI. No. 6, 02/15/1984)

including a self-propelled caterpillar chassis with frontally mounted vertically cutting disks and horizontally cutting working bodies, as well as a water hopper with fertilizers mounted on its frame, a conveyor with a soil shredder, pitched boards, a seed hopper and seed tubes. The disadvantage of the machine is the impossibility of working in meadows and pastures in the presence of shrubs, lack of: adjustment of the gaps between the conveyor, pitched boards and vas deferens; unloading and clogging of turf between them, requiring laborious cleaning of pieces of turf between them; as well as the introduction of chemical reclamants and deep loosening.

A device is known for accelerated tilling of soddy soils (RU, Patent Invention No. 2423034, MPK АВВ 49/06, BPMI. No. 19, 07/10/2011), comprising a cylindrical milling drum with L-shaped knives, a casing that is frontally mounted with a mechanical drive from the base chassis; , with a smooth roller, front-rotary plow, on the rear hitch it is equipped with a frame with an active chopper-leveling machine including loosening legs and a rotor, a trailed seeder with fertilizer lines, two wheels and with a roller is fixed to the mounted frame. The disadvantage of the invention is: the lack of a device for flattening stems, pieces of turf, holding the clamping device, in addition, the lack of a device for introducing ameliorant and deep-rippers, forming cracks for the accumulation of chemical reaction products, which slows the growth of plants from seeds, reduces the quality and timing of reclamation works.

A device for a sowing combine is known (RU, Pat. Invention No. 2430498, MPK АВВ 49/06, BPMI. No. 28, 10/10/2011) containing a basic two-frame wheeled chassis with a front-mounted tank for liquid fertilizers, a central rear trailer section of tillage and sowing equipment , two similar lateral sections, in which bilateral lancet openers, spring harrows and press wheels are installed on the working bodies. The advantage of a sowing combine is the application of liquid fertilizers under the soil layer, the even distribution of the mass of the combine on the wheels of the base chassis, the ability to quickly transfer the sections to the transport position, as well as the implementation of stubble sowing of seeds. The disadvantage of the device of the sowing combine is the lack of capacity and product pipelines for surface and under-cover application of chemical improvers in the soil and in the subsoil, as well as the absence of deep-rippers that form cracks for the accumulation of excess water and the removal of toxic salts and chemical reaction products.

Known working body for tillage (SU, patent of the invention No. 1026665, АВВ 13/16, bull. No. 25, published on 07/07/1983), including racks of inclined plates with a bend and a share, fixed to them by pipelines for supplying ameliorant with weekends nozzles installed in the lower part and ensuring the implementation of the method of loosening the prism of the soil, as well as the introduction of chemical ameliorant into the soil. The disadvantage of the working body for soil cultivation is the inability to apply on degraded, shaded lands, and also in the presence of a sub-cover arrangement of stones, the need for additional passages of unifunctional machines for spreading mineral NPK fertilizers, organic fertilizers, sowing seeds and post-sowing soil compaction on loosened soil.

A device for combined implements for deep tillage is known (RU, US Pat. Utility Model No. 109633 MPK АВВ 49/02, BPMI. No. 30, 10.27.2011), containing a triangular frame with working cultivators-rippers fixed on it, support wheels, depth regulator processing, a hitch, an additional frame on which disk batteries are pivotally mounted, cuts in the form of isosceles triangles are made on the blades of round disks, and a hopper with a metering device and flexible ducts, work organizer racks is installed on the back of the triangular frame rippers are equipped with cheeks mounted on the back with

the ability to move in height h from 25 to 40 cm relative to the toe of the working body, flexible pipelines are connected at one end to the metering device, and the other are fixed with cheeks on the back of the rack of the working body-cultivator, the metering device is driven by a chain drive from an additional drive wheel fixed on a triangular frame. The disadvantage of this utility model is strip subsurface slitting with the addition of ameliorant to the bottom of the slit, which excludes the penetration of chemicals into the inter-slit pillars of saline soil above the bottom of the slit, disk grinding of the surface supra-solonetzic soil layer leads to the formation of erosion-hazardous soil aggregates, which will increase the degree of degradation of agricultural land, lack of drainage and the accumulation of chemical reaction products by salt tolerant plants without. the installation of the seeder on the frame of a combined implement increases the duration of the implementation of the accelerated tinning of the meadow.

A device is known for a combined unit for longline processing of saline lands with sowing seeds (RU, Patent Invention No. 2618097, MPK А01В 49/06, А01В 13/14, BPMI. No. 13, 05/02/2017) containing a self-propelled base chassis with a three-section frame with placed on the first section of the frame of the tillage machine, which includes a manipulator with a telescopic boom, a front blade is mounted at the end of the second section, a three-section disking device is fixed to them, an additional frame with fixed b with the windows of the separating grate and a movable battery of double-pointed lancet paws with hollow legs connected via a pump to a tank for liquid manure, and on the second section of the frame there is a manure tank with a shut-off device on the product pipeline, a water tank, a movable additional frame with a mechanism for deepening the longline volumetric deep ripper, made with hollow parabolic racks and connected by dumps, and dispensers,

product pipelines in racks and under dumps are connected with a pump and a container for liquid or dust-like ameliorants fixed on the third section of the frame; in addition, a container for a solution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms is placed on the third section of the frame; three sections of pneumatic seed drills with dispensers and distribution heads are connected to the product pipelines fixed from the back of the racks with chisels and with openings for the seed bed in the gap behind the disc coulter, behind the coulter racks there is a rolling device, made including a double-barreled mala and a chain beaker. The disadvantage of the invention is the inability to preserve the stubble and the topsoil to eliminate the possibility of wind and water erosion, biological treatment of the soil with the introduction of organic fertilizer layer, a solution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in the gap on the stubble or in the turf.

In addition, the above devices need preliminary control of the groundwater level for work, they require the neutralization of chemical reaction products, reduction of the cost of soil and land reclamation inspection of the site, and increase the passability of the base chassis.

These disadvantages are eliminated by the proposed device of the combined unit for the bioreclamation of strongly acidic soils with desalinization and integrated processing of degraded rainfed lands, consisting of a self-propelled base chassis with three sectional frames of the combined unit with two wheel pairs with twin wheels mounted on each section of the frame, containing installation-movably placed frontally and laterally on the first section of the frame are three similar tillage machines, each of which includes an abyss bucket with a flap, sidewalls with hollow racks for fastening a knife with a blade, a drive and a battery of chipping saw blades under the blade, securing nozzles with outlets to disconnected small soil units

mineral NPK fertilizers or phosphogypsum, or herbicides, behind the front wall inside the bucket there is a water tank fixed above the crushing plate of directionally planted stems of plants, segments of plant bunches cut with knives horizontally mounted on the outside of the front wall of the bucket, on the crushing plate, rigidly fixed to the bottom the front wall and the sides of the bucket, have releases of finely and coarsely dispersed ameliorants behind the knives under the flatting plate, these knives with a blunt installation angle cut a gap of depths up to 0.08 m and segments of stems, bumps no longer than 0.15 m, the damper inside the bucket contains a battery of wavy discs for peeling the cover layer of the soil, seeding ameliorants, grinding segments of stems with mulching of the soil surface, the pipeline is located on the upper wall inside the bucket connected through a pump with a water tank, a shut-off device and water outlets with sprinkler nozzles, which during operation create a water screen above the treatment area, on the first section of the frame contains a cab of a combined unit with a comp a two-section ameliorant tanks with dispensers, a locking device, a pump connected by nozzles with outlets of dispersed ameliorants behind knives under the flaking plates of tillage machines, on the sides cabins contain containers for herbicides, connected through shut-off devices to the pump and nozzles with nozzles under the blade located behind the area of chipping saw blades, the same nozzles with nozzles through shut-off devices, flow dividers through a pump, a metering unit and a product pipeline are connected to a container for mineral NPK fertilizers or phosphogypsum located on the second section of the frame, the base chassis engine with a flow divider, an exhaust filter, the fuel tank and the tank of the hydraulic fluid with a hydraulic pump, flow dividers, pipes are contained in the second section of the frame, and the pipe from the exhaust filter is connected to

with an ejector of a product pipeline connected to a two-section container for organomineral components of a fertilizer layer or a water control screen, this container on the second section of the frame contains mixture dispensers, a soil pump, flow dividers, product pipes connected to hollow parabolic racks of deep-rippers and nozzles in them and behind inclined knife blades rigidly connected to the ripper bit and pivotally with dumps between racks in different transverse planes in the direction of travel, ripper racks with from The mixes, branch pipes and slotted outlets comprise a three-section longline deep-ripper located on the second section of the frame, containing a central section along the direction of the blade with a wedge-shaped blade between the rack of the first and two struts of the second transverse plane, as well as two side sections with an extremely short strut in the third the transverse plane and the depth of the ripper in the fourth transverse plane, buried in the gap from the second rack, in addition, all the parabolic racks of the longline deep ripper contain a mechanism for automatic mounting and managed movable position bits and inclined plate-knives on the processing depth and hydraulic transfer ripper into a transport position within the object movement. In addition, on the third section of the frame there are: a compressor, a product pipeline, seed containers, a container for a solution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms connected to a distribution head and a pipe mounted on a disk coulter bracket, and similar pneumatic seeders are placed behind the frame of the third section and on its sides dispensers and distribution heads connected to product pipelines fixed on the rear side of the row sowing stands with seed bed seals and binary sowing nozzles ited the soil between the rows for racks coulters for seeding is equalizing-sealing device. For greater cross-country ability and working speed, support and traction wheel pairs on three sectional frames

the combined unit can additionally be equipped with quick-mounted reinforced rubber-metal tracks.

An analysis of the patent and technical documentation did not reveal a similar implementation of the device for the combined biomelioration reclamation unit for strongly acidic soils with desalinization and integrated processing of degraded rainfed lands, showed that the invention is new, does not follow explicitly from the prior art.

The aim of the proposed invention is the device is to accelerate the restoration of the effective functioning of degraded meadows, arable land, obtaining deoxidized and saline soil on reclaimed rainfed lands with a supply of moisture and nutrients, which increases the yield of cultivated plants and prevents wind erosion and the removal of dust particles in the unit cabin and toxic salts into the soil horizon.

The technical result of the invention is a reduction in the terms of land reclamation of degraded lands, a change in the ratio of solid, liquid, gaseous phases of the soil when it is cultivated and saturated with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that improve the development of a mixture of grasses, integumentary grains and halophytes sown on green fodder, which increases the productivity of agricultural land and subsequent water-saving rainfed cultivation of row crops.

A new technical result from the use of the proposed device is achieved by conducting pre-project surveys using a geographic information system (GIS), the results of soil agro-reclamation surveys of the site, obtained by the integrated use of a laser scanning system - lidar and a geophysical method of route-free groundless determination of the initial state of degraded lands - sonar with the simultaneous introduction of the obtained data on a magnetic medium with geog aficheskoy anchor, accelerating the conduct of research, the results of

which are preparing and digitally transmitting programs to the control processor of the combined unit, which allows addressing the introduction of ameliorant within the contour of the soil degradation spot and automatically adjusting the stroke depth of inclined knife blades when combining types of complex soil treatment, and using the device of the alleged invention organic-mineral mixture of the interlayer, or of a water-regulating screen in a gas-pressure shell, allows its performance laying through the cavities of different depths from 0.24 to 0.55 m of parabolic racks of volume long-mounted cultivators and between them behind the dumps, which ensures an increase and preservation of moisture reserves, nutrients, and increased productivity of agricultural land. Placing the parabolic racks of volume tier cultivators in successive transverse planes prevents jamming of medium and large stones in the space between the racks and ensures the laying of a continuous horizontal organomineral fertilizer layer or an intermittent tier screen with a curved bottom. In addition, an organic-mineral screen is created in the subsurface layer with water resistance during atmospheric precipitation, accumulating the required amount of water for rainfed cultivation of the plants and discharging excess water in the soil under the central section of the screen exceeding the free pore volume, while the screen is penetrated by plant roots during drought, which provides regulation of the accumulation of water and horizontal capillary transfer of moisture to the roots of plants, and three similar tillage machines on the first section of the frame and the implementation of zero treatment, the application of ameliorant, fertilizers, herbicides under a thin water screen with mulching of the cover layer of the soil prevents the subsequent formation of wind erosion and eliminates acid or solonetz degradation of agricultural land. Placed on the third section of the frame: compressor, product pipeline, seed containers, a container for a solution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, as well as attached to

with the frame of the third section and on its sides, similar pneumatic seeders with dispensers and distribution heads connected to product pipelines and stands for row seeding with seed bed seals and binary seeding nozzles on the soil surface between rows, during the period of cultivation of the soil, a nutritionally balanced green feed is obtained and the subsequent cultivation of highly productive row crops.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 - a diagram of a combined biomelioration amelioration of strongly acidic soils with desalinization and integrated processing of degraded rainfed lands, in working position, side view; general form; in FIG. 2 - shows a diagram of a tillage machine, side view; in FIG. 3 is a diagram of a first section of a combined unit, side view; in FIG. 4 is a diagram of a second section of a combined unit with a tiered volumetric deep-ripper and a device for laying a water control screen, side view; in FIG. 5 is a diagram of a third section of a combined unit with central and side pneumatic seeders, side view.

The drawings show the proposed device of a combined unit for the reclamation of strongly acidic soils with desalinization and integrated processing of degraded rainfed lands, including a self-propelled base chassis with three sectional frames 1, 2, 3 (Fig. 1) of a combined unit 4 (Fig. 1) with installed on each section frames on two wheelsets 5 (Fig. 1) with twin wheels, containing mounting-movably placed frontally and laterally on the first section of the frame 1 three similar tillage machines 6 (Fig. 1), each of which incl. The bottomless bucket 7 (Fig. 2) with a shutter 8 (Fig. 2), sidewalls 9 (Fig. 2) with hollow racks 10 (Fig. 2) of knife attachment 11 (Fig. 2) with a blade 12 (Fig. 2) , a drive 13 (Fig. 2) and a battery of chipper-saw disks 14 (Fig. 2, 3) under the blade 12, fastening the nozzles 15 (Fig. 2) with outlets 16 (Fig. 2) onto disconnected small soil-based aggregates of mineral NPK fertilizers

or phosphogypsum, or herbicides, behind the front wall 17 (Fig. 2) inside the bucket 7 there is a water tank 18 (Fig. 2, 3) fixed above the plate 19 (Fig. 2) of flattening directionally laid plant stems, cut sections of plant bunches knives 20 (Fig. 1, 2, 3) horizontally mounted on the outer side of the front wall 17 of the bucket 7, on the flatting plate 19, rigidly fixed to the bottom of the front wall 17 and the sides 9 of the bucket 7, have outlets 21 (Fig. 2, 3) finely and coarsely dispersed ameliorants behind the knives 22 (Fig. 2) under the flatting plate 19, these knives 22 with with a blunt installation angle, cut a slit up to 0.08 m deep and segments of stems, bumps no more than 0.15 m long, on the shutter 8 inside the bucket 7 there is a battery of wavy disks 23 (Fig. 2, 3) for peeling the cover layer of soil, embossing ameliorants grinding segments of stems with mulching of the soil surface, on the upper wall 24 (Fig. 1, 2) inside the bucket 7 contains a pipe 25 (Fig. 2) connected through a pump 26 (Fig. 2) with a capacity of 18 for water, a locking device and water outlets with sprinkler nozzles 27 (FIG. 1, 2, 3), which during operation create a water screen 28 (Fig. 2, 3) above the treatment area, on the first section of the frame 1 there is a cabin 29 (Fig. 1,3) of the combined unit 4 with a computer 30 (Fig. 3), the control processor 31 (Fig. 3) with a GPS code receiver 32 (Fig. 1, 3) coordinates and a control panel 33 (Fig. 3) for automatically turning the drive of the working bodies on and off and two-section containers 34 are located behind the cab 29 (Fig. 3) . 1, 3) ameliorant with dispensers 35 (Fig. 3), a locking device 36 (Fig. 3), a pump 37 (Fig. 3) connected by nozzles 38 (Fig. 2, 3) with outlets 21 di Persian reclamants behind the knives 22 under the flatting plates 19 of the tillage machines 6, on the sides in front of the cab 29 there are containers 39 (Fig. 3) for herbicides connected through shut-off devices 40 (Fig. 3) to the pump 41 (Fig. 3) and nozzles 15 with nozzles 16 under the blade 12 located behind the battery of chipper-saw disks 14, these same nozzles 15 with nozzles 16 through locking devices 42 (Fig. 3), dividers 43 (Fig. 4) of the flow through the pump 44 (Fig. 4), the dispenser 45 (Fig. 4) and

product pipeline 46 (Fig. 4) is connected to a container 47 (Fig. 4) for mineral NPK fertilizers, or to a container 48 (Fig. 4) of phosphogypsum located on the second section of the frame 2, the engine 49 (Fig. 1, 4) of the base chassis with a flow divider 50 (Fig. 4), an exhaust filter 51 (Fig. 4), a fuel tank 52 (Fig. 4) and a hydraulic fluid tank with a hydraulic pump 53 (Fig. 4) are contained in the second section of the frame 2, and the pipe 54 (Fig. 4) from the exhaust filter 51 is connected to an ejector 55 (Fig. 4) of the product pipe 56 (Fig. 4) connected to a two-section container 57 (Fig. 4) for organomine ral components of the fertilizer layer or the water control screen, this container 57 on the second section of the frame 2 contains the dispensers 58 (Fig. 4) of the mixture, the soil pump 59 (Fig. 4), the pipes of the product pipeline 60 (Fig. 4) connected to the hollow parabolic racks 61 (Figs. 1, 4) of the rippers and nozzles in them and behind the inclined knife blades 62 (Fig. 4) rigidly connected to the bit 63 (Fig. 4) of the cultivator and pivotally with the dumps 64 (Fig. 4) between racks 61, 65 (Fig. 1, 4) with inclined knife blades 62 in different transverse planes in the direction of travel, racks 61, 65 (Fig. 1, 4) of cultivators with dumps 64, nozzles 66 (Fig. 4 ) and slotted outlets 67 (Fig. 4), the mixtures comprise a three-section longline deep-ripper located on the second section of the frame 2, containing the central section along the wedge-shaped blade between the rack 65 of the first and two posts 61 of the second transverse plane, as well as two side sections with an extreme short strut 65 in the third transverse plane and struts oh 61 deep rippers in the fourth transverse plane, buried in the slot from the rack 61 of the second transverse plane, in addition, the parabolic racks 61, 65 of the longline depth ripper contain a mechanism 68 (Fig. 4) of the automatically controlled installation-movable position of the bits and knives in the depth of processing and the hydraulic drive 69 (Fig. 4) translating the cultivator into the transport position for inside the object movement. In addition, on the third section of the frame 3 there are: a compressor 70 (Fig. 5), a product pipeline 71 (Fig. 5), containers

72 (Fig. 5) for seeds of surface binary sowing, metering divider 73 (Fig. 5) flows, shut-off devices 74 (Fig. 5), outlets 75 (Fig. 5) seeds, capacity 76 (Fig. 5) for solution nitrogen-fixing microorganisms connected to the distribution head 77 (Fig. 5) and the pipe 78 (Fig. 5), mounted on the bracket 79 (Fig. 5) of the disc coulter 80 (Fig. 5), outlets 81 (Fig. 5) of an aqueous solution of microorganisms and also placed behind the frame 3 of the third section and on its sides similar pneumatic seeders 82 (Fig. 5) with dispensers dispensers 83 (Fig. 5) flows, sectional containers 84 (Fig. 5), air pumps 85 (Fig. 5) connected to product pipelines 86 (Fig. 5) secured from the back of the racks 87 (Fig. 5) for ordinary sowing of seeds on the wings with seed bed seals (not shown shown) and nozzles 88 (Fig. 5) of direct sowing in rows, behind the racks 88 of coulters for seeding seeds, a leveling-sealing device 89 (Fig. 5) is located. For greater cross-country ability and working speed, support-traction wheel 5 pairs on three sectional frame of the combined unit 4 are additionally equipped with quick-mounted reinforced rubber-metal tracks. In the third section 3 of the frame, brackets can additionally be movably fixed with disk markers of the soil cultivation strip located at the end (not shown).

The proposed combined unit of biomelioration of strongly acidic soils with desalinization and integrated processing of degraded rainfed lands, on a basic wheeled chassis (4 in Fig. 1), works as follows:

As an example, we consider the improvement of a degraded agricultural land with hummocks, small sparse shrubs, strongly acidic soil, and complexes of solonetz located above carbonate soil with layers of gypsum.

On the reclaimed area with strongly acidic soil, with spots of degradation after an irrigation and drainage survey, the obtained scan data are entered into the GIS database and onto the magnetic medium of computer 30 (Fig.

3) with geographical reference and the preparation of a project for the integrated biomelioration of degraded lands, a program is being prepared to automatically turn on and off the working bodies from the control panel 33 (Fig. 3.) when the coordinates are linked through a GPS code receiver 32 (Fig. 3.), transmit the program to the electronic control unit 31 (Fig. 3.) and deliver the combined unit 4 to the site. The frame sections 1, 2, 3 are connected and wheeled 5 pairs are installed, tillage machines 6, parabolic racks 61, 65, dumps 64, pneumatic seeders 82 and leveling and sealing device 89. Containers 18, 34, 76, containers 47 or 48, 57 are loaded. , 84 with technological material and attach the rolling device 89.

Start the engine 49, open the locking device 36, 42 or 40, 43 or 46, 74, 83. Deepen the working bodies: 6, 11, 14, 22, 23, 61, 65, 80, 87, begin to move with the supply of technological materials and perform targeted soil processing when coordinating the coordinates through a GPS GPS receiver 32 with an orbiting GPS transmitting network and an ECU 31, a PC 30 and an automatic control panel 33.

Targeted main processing of degraded lands is performed with simultaneous, consecutive shallow snapping with knives 22 (Fig. 1) of the soil. They are cut with knives 20, flattened with a plate 19, vegetable tufts, plant stalks are crushed with wavy disks 23 and the soil surface is mulched by them. The chemical ameliorant (iron sulfate) or lime, herbicides or mineral fertilizers (NPK) are introduced into the slot 7 behind the knives 22 in a bucket 7, and a solution with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms is placed in the slot behind the 80 disc coulters.

When tiered, they are placed behind racks 61, 65 and dumps 64 on arable land and meadows requiring moisture conservation, in the subsurface horizon of the soil an active discontinuous three-section tiered organomineral water control screen, with its composition, vol. %: 25 ... 40 plant residues with nitrogen-fixing associated bacteria - "risotorfin" strain

425A or Azolen-Zh, 10 ... 33 manure that has undergone preliminary accelerated aerobic digestion, and peat, 3 ... 9 bentonite, 15 ... 30 silt, sand, 10 ... 30 clay.

On degraded lands with sufficient moisture, racks of rippers 61 and 65 with dumps 64 to the same depth are installed and a layer of organic-mineral biologically active fertilizer mixture (OMBAUS) is placed in the undercover layer, with its composition, vol. %: 15 ... 32 shredded plant residues with nitrogen-fixing associated bacteria - mizorin or lentechnin, 10 ... 25 humus (compost) and additional carbonate sapropel with hydrogen peroxide H ₂ O ₂ , 3 ... 12 powdered montmorillonite with molybdenum trace element, 15 ... 35 silt, silt, sand, 0 ... 10 vitriol, 15 ... 40 clay. The seeder 82 sows a mixture of seeds with their mechanical seeding with a device 89. For cultivation of the soil on green fodder, tall-cover crops, for example, amaranth, corn or wheat, are sown in rows, and legumes are sown in the row-spacing, while in the spaces between adjacent aisles produce binary halophyte sowing, for example, feathery feathers, and in the row spacing of pairs of rows, surface sowing of arches of a duniform or cochia venicus. Add finely or coarse ameliorant, for example, lime, to the slot behind the knife 22 and to the inter crevice surface of the soil, with the subsequent subsequent peeling of the soil with wavy disks 23 and the formation of a water screen 28 inside the bucket 6 above the zero tillage zone with a thickness of less than 1.0 mm 28. organic-mineral mixture into the screen with an inertial pressure feed in the gas shell 55 through the nozzles 66 and the cavity of the parabolic racks of the volume rippers 61, behind the knife blades 62, under the dumps 64 and slotted outlets 67.

After completion of the targeted soil treatment, the working bodies 6, 10, 11, 14, 61, 65, 87 are removed and the containers 18, 34, 76, containers 47, 48, 57, 84, are washed from the process material, transferred

wheeled 5 pairs of sections 1, 2, 3 of the frame in the transport position, fix the rolling device and side working bodies over sections 1, 2, 3 of the frame, move the combined unit 4 to the storage or maintenance site.

Thus, the proposed combined biomelioration unit for strongly acidic soils with desalinization and integrated processing of degraded rainfed lands allows reducing labor costs and performing targeted soil treatment with saving reclaimed soil and obtaining deoxidized and saline soils on ameliorated rainfields with an adjustable supply of moisture, nutrients and the simultaneous creation of conditions to reduce the removal of toxic salts into the soil horizon, the capillary rise of groundwater, saline soil cultivation and provides an increase in the yield of cultivated plants, a reduction in the time required to restore the effective functioning of degraded meadows and arable land.

Claims (5)

1. The combined unit of biomelioration of strongly acidic soils with desalinization and integrated processing of degraded rainfed lands, characterized in that it includes a self-propelled base chassis with a three-section frame with two wheelsets with twin wheels mounted on each section of the frame, containing on the first section of the frame a cab of a combined unit with a computer controlling a processor with a GPS coded coordinate receiver and a control panel for automatically turning the drive of the working bodies on and off, contains on volt The second section of the frame: the base chassis engine with a flow divider, an exhaust filter, a fuel tank and a hydraulic fluid tank with a hydraulic pump, flow dividers, nozzles, and the nozzle from the exhaust filter is connected to the product line ejector connected to a two-section container for organic mineral fertilizer components interlayers or water control screen, and behind the cab there are two-section meliorant containers with dispensers, a locking device, a pump connected by nozzles to the outlet dispersed meliorants behind the knives under the flaking plates of tillage machines, on the sides in front of the cab there are containers for herbicides connected through shut-off devices with a pump and nozzles with nozzles under the dump located behind the battery of chipper-saw disks, these same nozzles with nozzles through shut-off devices, flow dividers through a pump, a dispenser and a product pipeline are connected to a container for mineral NPK fertilizers or phosphogypsum located on the second section of the frame, rippers with inclined layers with our knives, dumps, nozzles and slotted outlets of the mixture make up a three-section longline volumetric ripper located on the second section of the frame, containing a central section along the direction of the blade with a wedge-shaped blade between the rack of the first and two racks of the second transverse plane, as well as two side sections with an extreme rack in the third transverse plane and the depth of the ripper in the fourth transverse plane, buried in the slot from the second rack, in addition, all the parabolic racks of the longline depth deep the healers contain a mechanism for automatically controlling the movable position of the bits and knife blades in depth of treatment and a hydraulic actuator for moving the cultivator to the transport position, and on the third section of the frame there are: a compressor, a product pipeline, seed containers, a container for a solution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms connected to the distribution head and a nozzle mounted on the bracket of the disc coulter, and similar pneumatic seeders are placed behind the frame of the third section and on its sides, and behind the stand s sowing coulter for seeding is equalizing-sealing device. 2. The combined unit for the biomelioration of strongly acidic soils with desalinization and integrated processing of degraded rainfed lands according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes three similar tillage machines, frontally and laterally mounted on the first section of the frame, each of which includes a bottomless bucket with a damper , with sidewalls with hollow racks for fastening a knife with a blade, a drive and a battery of chipping saw blades under the blade, securing nozzles with outlets to disconnected shallow ground soils aggregates of mineral NPK fertilizers or phosphogypsum or herbicides or lime, behind the front wall inside the bucket there is a water tank fixed above the crushing plate of directionally planted stems of plants, pieces of plant hummocks cut with knives horizontally attached to the outside of the front wall of the bucket, and on the crushing plate , rigidly fixed to the bottom of the front wall and the sides of the bucket, there are discharged ameliorant releases behind the knives under the flatting plate, these knives with an obtuse installation angle provide cutting a slit up to 0.08 m deep and segments of stems, bumps no more than 0.15 m long, on the flap inside the bucket there is a battery of wavy disks for peeling the cover layer of the soil, seeding ameliorants, grinding pieces of stems with mulching of the soil surface, on the upper wall inside The bucket contains a pipeline connected through a pump to a water tank, a shut-off device and water outlets with sprinkler nozzles, which during operation create a water screen above the treatment area. 3. The combined unit for biomelioration of strongly acidic soils with desalinization and integrated processing of degraded rainfed lands according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a container, mixture dispensers, a soil pump, flow dividers, product piping connected to hollow parabolic racks of deep-rippers and nozzles in them and behind the inclined knives, rigidly connected to the ripper bit and pivotally with the dumps between the racks installed in different transverse planes in the direction of travel, This tiered volumetric deep-ripper includes a mechanism for automatically controlled installation and movable position of parabolic racks for tiered multi-depth, from 0.24 to 0.55 m, processing with laying of an intermittent screen or single-depth laying of a flat continuous organomineral fertilizer layer. 4. The combined unit for the biomelioration of strongly acidic soils with desalinization and integrated processing of degraded rainfed lands according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes pneumatic seeders on the third section of the frame with dispensers and distribution heads connected to product pipelines fixed to the rear of the seedbed stands with seed bed compactors and binary sowing nozzles on the soil surface between rows. 5. The combined unit for the biomelioration of strongly acidic soils with desalinization and integrated processing of degraded rainfed lands according to claim 1, characterized in that for greater cross-country ability and working speed, the supporting-traction wheel pairs can be additionally equipped with quick-mounted reinforced rubber-metal tracks.

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