RU2684370C1 - Method and machine for processing water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water and air purification technology.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to water treatment and can be used in water treatment plants. Method of water treatment involves continuous measurement of initial concentration of contaminants in water before it enters treatment and obtaining based on said measurement amount of coagulant, which must be supplied to coagulation zone, as well as amount of ballast and flocculant, which must be supplied to flocculation zone. Contaminated water is successively introduced into coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation zones with supply of appropriate reagents in specified amount in said zones. Treated water is separated in upper part of sedimentation zone from mixture of sediment and ballast. Mixture of sediment and ballast is extracted from lower part of sedimentation zone and said mixture is directed to hydrocyclone separation. Product leaving the hydrocyclone lower drainage is recycled to the flocculation zone. Sediment leaving the hydrocyclone upper drain is moved into the storage tank. Residual contamination concentration in water after its treatment is continuously measured. Sediment is recirculated from storage tank to coagulation zone. According to results of continuous measurement of residual concentration of contaminants in water after treatment, amount of coagulant to be supplied to coagulation zone, as well as amount of flocculant to be supplied to flocculation zone, is changed. Plant comprises tank 1 for mixing water to be treated with coagulant; flocculation tank 3; shelf sump tank 5; hydrocyclone 9; tank 10 for storage of sediment leaving the upper drain of hydrocyclone 9; pipeline 11 connecting lower part of sump tank 5 with hydraulic cyclone 9; pipeline 12 connecting the upper drain of hydrocyclone 9 with the sediment storage tank 10; pipeline 13 for recycling sediment from storage tank 10; automatic devices for feeding coagulant 14, ballast 15 and flocculant 16; first sensor 17 for continuous measurement of initial concentration of contaminants in water; second sensor 18 for continuous measurement of ballast concentration in flocculation vessel 3; third sensor 19 for continuous measurement of treated water quality; computing device 20 connected to automatic devices for supply of coagulant 14, ballast 15 and flocculant 16. Pipeline 13 for recirculation of sediment from tank 10 for storage of deposit is connected to tank 1 for mixing of water to be treated with coagulant. Third sensor 19 is connected to computing device 20.EFFECT: group of inventions increases efficiency of the process of purifying water from suspended impurities.2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of water purification, process fluids, cutting fluids, washing solutions of suspended impurities contained in them and can be used at water treatment plants and industrial plants.

The closest method of the same purpose to the claimed method in the group of inventions is a method of water treatment (RF patent 2475457.

Method and installation for water treatment), including:

- the implementation of continuous measurement of the initial concentration of contaminants in the water until it enters the treatment;

- continuous receipt, on the basis of this measurement, of the amount of coagulant that needs to be fed into the coagulation zone, as well as the amount of ballast and flocculant that needs to be fed into the flocculation zone;

- the introduction of contaminated water into the coagulation zone;

- supply of coagulant in accordance with a given amount;

- the movement of water with coagulated contaminants in the flocculation zone;

- supply to the flocculation zone of dispersed ballast and flocculant in a predetermined amount to ensure the formation of flakes;

- the implementation of continuous measurement of the concentration of ballast in the mixture located in the flocculation zone;

- replenishment of the ballast flocculation zone when the concentration of ballast actually in the installation is lower than a predetermined ballast concentration;

- moving a mixture of water with flakes formed in the previous stage, in the deposition zone for the deposition of flakes in the shelf device;

- separation of the treated water in the upper part of the deposition zone from the mixture of sediment and ballast obtained by precipitation of flakes;

- extracting the mixture of sediment and ballast from the lower part of the deposition zone and directing this mixture to hydrocyclone separation of sediment and ballast;

- recirculation of the product emerging from the lower discharge at the stage of hydrocyclone separation, in the flocculation zone;

- the movement of sediment leaving the upper drain at the stage of hydrocyclone separation, in the storage tank;

- the implementation of continuous measurement of the residual concentration of contaminants in the water after treatment,

adopted as a prototype.

The reasons that impede the achievement of the following technical result when using the known method adopted for the prototype include the following.

Firstly, in the known method of water treatment when determining the required amount of coagulant according to the results of continuous measurement of the initial concentration of contaminants in the water until it enters the treatment does not take into account the following. In the case when the initial concentration of contaminants in the water is less than a predetermined, experimentally determined value, the process of coagulation of contaminants will be slower, as the number of collisions between micelles (contamination particles containing a double charged layer) will decrease. In turn, a decrease in the number of collisions will reduce the likelihood of coagulation (micelles stick together due to the neutralization of the double electric layer on their surface). As a result, the slowdown of the coagulation process will lead to the fact that a large amount of the initial suspended impurities will remain in the water, therefore, the efficiency of the process of water purification from suspended impurities will remain low.

Secondly, the determination of the required amount of coagulant, which must be supplied to the coagulation zone, as well as the amount of flocculant, which must be supplied to the flocculation zone, only by measuring the initial concentration of contaminants in the water before it enters the treatment leads to the fact that under the influence of external factors (temperature change of the treated water at different stages of its treatment, inaccurate operation of the coagulant and flocculant dispensers, etc.) the actual amount of these reagents necessary to ensure a given about the quality of water treatment, will differ from the calculated one. As a result of this, after the processing process, the quality of the purified water will not correspond to the set, which means that the water treatment process will be ineffective.

The closest device of the same purpose to the claimed device in the group of inventions according to the totality of features is a water treatment plant (ibid., RF patent 2475457), containing:

- a tank equipped with a mixer for mixing the water to be treated with a coagulant;

- flocculation tank equipped with a stirrer;

- shelf shelving tank containing a siphon partition, a device for scraping sludge and an outlet channel for treated water;

- hydrocyclone;

- a tank for storing sediment emerging from the upper discharge of the hydrocyclone;

- a pipeline connecting the lower part of the settling tank with a hydrocyclone;

- a pipeline connecting the upper discharge of the hydrocyclone to the sediment storage tank;

- a pipeline for recirculating sludge from the storage tank;

- automatic device for dosed supply of coagulant;

- automatic ballast replenishment device;

- automatic flocculant dosing feed device;

- the first sensor designed for continuous measurement of the concentration of contaminants in the water entering the installation;

- a second sensor installed in the flocculation tank and performing continuous measurement of the concentration of ballast in the mixture passing through the specified tank;

- the third sensor, designed for continuous measurement of the quality of water treated in the installation;

- a computing device connected to automatic devices for the dosed supply of coagulant, ballast and flocculant and providing continuous determination by measurements made by the first and second sensors of the amount of coagulant, ballast and flocculant, which must be entered into the corresponding tanks,

adopted as a prototype.

The reasons that impede the achievement of the following technical result when using a known device adopted for the prototype include the following.

Firstly, in the known device there is no possibility of regulating the initial concentration of contaminants in the water entering the treatment. This is because the pipeline for recirculating sludge from the storage tank is not connected to the tank for mixing water with the coagulant. Therefore, in the case when the initial concentration of pollution is less than a predetermined, experimentally determined value, the process of coagulation of pollution will be slow, which will lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the process of water purification from suspended pollution.

Secondly, in the known device, the third sensor, designed to continuously measure the quality of the water treated in the installation, is used only to record the water quality parameters actually achieved during the cleaning process (for example, the residual concentration of contaminants). If the achieved water quality parameters do not correspond to the set, then changing the settings in the operation of the installation for water purification in the known device is impossible, since the third sensor is not connected to a computing device that controls the operation of the installation. As a result, the efficiency of water purification in a known installation will be low.

The technical task of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the process of water purification from suspended impurities.

The problem is solved by the proposed group of inventions.

Declares:

A method of treating water, including:

- continuous measurement of the initial concentration of contaminants in the water until it enters the treatment;

- continuous receipt, on the basis of this measurement, of the amount of coagulant that needs to be fed into the coagulation zone, as well as the amount of ballast and flocculant that needs to be fed into the flocculation zone;

- the introduction of contaminated water into the coagulation zone;

- supply of coagulant in accordance with a given amount;

- the movement of water with coagulated contaminants in the flocculation zone;

- supply to the flocculation zone of ballast and flocculant in a predetermined amount to ensure the formation of flakes;

- the implementation of continuous measurement of the concentration of ballast in the mixture located in the flocculation zone;

- replenishment of the ballast flocculation zone when the concentration of ballast actually in the installation is lower than a predetermined ballast concentration;

- moving a mixture of water with flakes formed in the previous stage, in the deposition zone for the deposition of flakes in the shelf device;

- separation of the treated water in the upper part of the deposition zone from the mixture of sediment and ballast obtained by precipitation of flakes;

- extracting the mixture of sediment and ballast from the lower part of the deposition zone and directing this mixture to hydrocyclone separation of sediment and ballast;

- recirculation of the product emerging from the lower discharge at the stage of hydrocyclone separation, in the flocculation zone;

- the movement of sediment leaving the upper drain at the stage of hydrocyclone separation, in the storage tank;

- the implementation of continuous measurement of the residual concentration of contaminants in the water after treatment.

Unlike the prototype:

- carry out the recycling of the sediment from the storage tank to the coagulation zone, if the initial concentration of contaminants in the water before it enters the treatment below a predetermined value;

- according to the results of continuous measurement of the residual concentration of contaminants in the water after its treatment, the amount of coagulant that needs to be fed into the coagulation zone is changed, as well as the amount of flocculant that needs to be fed into the flocculation zone if the residual concentration of contaminants in the water after it is processed is higher than the specified value.

It is also claimed:

Installation for water treatment, including:

- a tank equipped with a mixer for mixing the water to be treated with a coagulant;

- flocculation tank equipped with a stirrer;

- shelf shelving tank containing a siphon partition, a device for scraping sludge and an outlet channel for treated water;

- hydrocyclone;

- a tank for storing sediment emerging from the upper discharge of the hydrocyclone;

- a pipeline connecting the lower part of the settling tank with a hydrocyclone;

- a pipeline connecting the upper discharge of the hydrocyclone to the sediment storage tank;

- a pipeline for recirculating sludge from the storage tank;

- automatic device for dosed supply of coagulant;

- automatic ballast replenishment device;

- automatic flocculant dosing feed device;

- the first sensor designed for continuous measurement of the concentration of contaminants in the water entering the installation;

- a second sensor installed in the flocculation tank and performing continuous measurement of the concentration of ballast in the mixture passing through the specified tank;

- the third sensor, designed for continuous measurement of the quality of water treated in the installation;

- a computing device connected to automatic devices for the dosed supply of coagulant, ballast and flocculant and providing continuous determination by measurements made by the first and second sensors of the amount of coagulant, ballast and flocculant, which must be entered into the corresponding tanks

Unlike the prototype:

- a pipeline for recirculating sludge from the storage tank is connected to the tank for mixing the water to be treated with the coagulant;

- the third sensor, designed for continuous measurement of the quality of water treated in the installation, is connected to a computing device.

A device that implements the claimed method of purifying water from suspended impurities, is presented in the figure.

The device includes:

- a tank 1 equipped with a mixer 2 for mixing the water to be treated with a coagulant;

- flocculation tank 3, equipped with a mixer 4;

- shelf shelving tank 5 containing a siphon partition 6, a device for scraping sediment 7 and an outlet channel 8 for treated water;

- hydrocyclone 9;

- a reservoir 10 for storing sediment leaving the upper discharge of the hydrocyclone 9;

- a pipe 11 connecting the lower part of the settling tank 5 with a hydrocyclone 9;

- a pipe 12 connecting the upper discharge of the hydrocyclone 9 with the tank 10 for storing sediment;

- a pipe 13 for recirculating sludge from the storage tank 10, connected to the tank 1 for mixing the water to be treated with the coagulant;

- automatic device 14 dosed supply of coagulant;

- automatic ballast replenishment device 15;

- automatic device 16 dosed supply of flocculant;

- the first sensor 17, designed for continuous measurement of the concentration of contaminants in the water entering the installation;

- a second sensor 18 installed in the flocculation tank and performing continuous measurement of the concentration of ballast in the mixture passing through the specified tank;

- the third sensor 19, designed for continuous measurement of the quality of the water treated in the installation;

- a computing device 20 connected to automatic devices 14, 15, 16 for dosed supply of coagulant, ballast and flocculant and providing continuous determination by measurements made by the first 17, second 18 and third 19 sensors, the amount of coagulant, ballast and flocculant, which must be entered to appropriate tanks;

- a pump 21 for pumping a mixture of sediment and ballast from the bottom of the settling tank 5 through a pipe 11 to a hydrocyclone 9.

The presented installation allows you to implement a method of water treatment as follows.

Before entering the treated water into the processing by the sensor 17 measure the initial concentration of contaminants. Based on the measurement results, the amount of coagulant that needs to be fed into the coagulation zone, as well as the amount of ballast and flocculant that needs to be fed into the flocculation zone, are determined in the computing device 20.

Then, contaminated water is introduced into the tank 1. Using the automatic device 14, a coagulant is fed into the tank 1 in accordance with a predetermined amount and mixed with a mixer 2.

Next, water with coagulated contaminants is transferred to the flocculation tank 3, ballast and flocculant are fed into it using automatic devices 15 and 16 in a predetermined quantity and mixed with a stirrer 4 to form flakes.

Using the sensor 18, a continuous measurement of the concentration of ballast in the mixture located in the flocculation zone is carried out. If the concentration of the ballast actually in the installation is lower than the predetermined ballast concentration, then the flocculation tank 3 is replenished with ballast using an automatic device 15.

Then a mixture of water with flakes formed at the flocculation stage is moved through a siphon partition 6 into a shelf settling tank 5 to deposit flakes on its shelves and bottom.

Next, the purified water is removed from the installation through the outlet channel 8 located in the upper part of the settling tank 5.

In the process of sedimentation by means of device 7, the mixture of sediment and ballast is scraped off to the lower part of the settling tank 5, this mixture is periodically pumped by pump 21 through line 11 to hydrocyclone 9 to separate sediment and ballast.

After hydrocyclone separation, the product (secondary ballast) emerging from the lower discharge of the hydrocyclone 9 is sent to the flocculation tank 3, and the precipitate leaving the upper discharge of the hydrocyclone 9 is transferred through the pipe 12 to the storage tank 10.

If the initial concentration of contaminants in the water, measured by the sensor 17 before it enters the treatment, is below a predetermined value, then to restore the specified level of concentration of contaminants through the pipe 13, the sediment is recycled from the storage tank 10 to the coagulation zone 1. Maintaining the level of the initial concentration of pollution allows to stabilize coagulation process, which means to increase the efficiency of water purification.

In the process of water purification by the sensor 19, the residual concentration of contaminants in the water after its treatment is continuously measured. If the residual concentration of contaminants in the water after its treatment is higher than a predetermined value, then according to the measurement results, the computing device 20 changes the amount of coagulant that must be fed into the coagulation zone, as well as the amount of flocculant that needs to be fed into the flocculation zone, so as to ensure a given quality purified water. As a result, the efficiency of water purification is increased.

Claims (37)

1. The method of water treatment, including: - continuous measurement of the initial concentration of contaminants in the water until it enters the treatment; - continuous receipt, on the basis of this measurement, of the amount of coagulant that needs to be fed into the coagulation zone, as well as the amount of ballast and flocculant that needs to be fed into the flocculation zone; - the introduction of contaminated water into the coagulation zone; - supply of coagulant in accordance with a given amount; - the movement of water with coagulated contaminants in the flocculation zone; - supply to the flocculation zone of ballast and flocculant in a predetermined amount to ensure the formation of flakes; - the implementation of continuous measurement of the concentration of ballast in the mixture located in the flocculation zone; - replenishment of the ballast flocculation zone when the concentration of ballast actually in the installation is lower than a predetermined ballast concentration; - moving a mixture of water with flakes formed in the previous stage, in the deposition zone for the deposition of flakes in the shelf device; - separation of the treated water in the upper part of the deposition zone from the mixture of sediment and ballast obtained by precipitation of flakes; - extracting the mixture of sediment and ballast from the lower part of the deposition zone and directing this mixture to hydrocyclone separation of sediment and ballast; - recirculation of the product emerging from the lower discharge at the stage of hydrocyclone separation, in the flocculation zone; - the movement of sediment leaving the upper drain at the stage of hydrocyclone separation, in the storage tank; - the implementation of continuous measurement of the residual concentration of contaminants in the water after treatment, characterized in that - carry out the recycling of the sediment from the storage tank to the coagulation zone, if the initial concentration of contaminants in the water before it enters the treatment below a predetermined value; - according to the results of continuous measurement of the residual concentration of contaminants in the water after its treatment, the amount of coagulant that needs to be fed into the coagulation zone is changed, as well as the amount of flocculant that needs to be fed into the flocculation zone if the residual concentration of contaminants in the water after it is processed is higher than the specified value. 2. Installation for implementing the method according to claim 1, including: - a tank equipped with a mixer for mixing the water to be treated with a coagulant; - flocculation tank equipped with a stirrer; - shelf shelving tank containing a siphon partition, a device for scraping sludge and an outlet channel for treated water; - hydrocyclone; - a tank for storing sediment emerging from the upper discharge of the hydrocyclone; - a pipeline connecting the lower part of the settling tank with a hydrocyclone; - a pipeline connecting the upper discharge of the hydrocyclone to the sediment storage tank; - a pipeline for recirculating sludge from the storage tank; - automatic device for dosed supply of coagulant; - automatic ballast replenishment device; - automatic flocculant dosing feed device; - the first sensor designed for continuous measurement of the concentration of contaminants in the water entering the installation; - a second sensor installed in the flocculation tank and performing continuous measurement of the concentration of ballast in the mixture passing through the specified tank; - the third sensor, designed for continuous measurement of the quality of water treated in the installation; - a computing device connected to automatic devices for the dosed supply of coagulant, ballast and flocculant and providing continuous determination by measurements made by the first and second sensors of the amount of coagulant, ballast and flocculant, which must be entered into the corresponding tanks, characterized in that - a pipeline for recirculating sludge from the storage tank is connected to the tank for mixing the water to be treated with the coagulant; - the third sensor, designed for continuous measurement of the quality of water treated in the installation, is connected to a computing device.

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