RU2682275C1 - Rowless colter for subsurface broadcasting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to colters for subsurface spreading of seeds and fertilizers. Rowless colter for subsurface spreading includes a tubular hollow stand-drill tube, a tip in the form of a thinning blade with a support sole and distributor of sown material installed in the colter at a small height. At the same time, cutting disks fixed at an angle of crumbling to the bottom of the furrow and placed in series with the overlapping of the front subsequent disks are fixed on the leading edge of the tip with rolling bearings on the shafts. Tubular hollow stand-drill tube, located behind the support sole, made in the form of a chisel working body. Distributor is made in the form of a flow divider of bulk materials of pneumatic seed drills, in which the working surface of its dividing head has a generating line, which is a part of the logarithmic curve, smoothly connecting the central inlet channel with outlet nozzles directed along the movement of the colter to the cutting disks. Distributor is located under the outlet of the tubular hollow stand-drill tube, and its central supply channel is located inside it.

EFFECT: invention will improve the uniformity of the seeding material embedment in depth and its distribution through the outlet nozzles without damage and sticking it on the working surface of the dividing head.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to openers for subsoil scattering of seeds and fertilizers.

Known opener for subsoil spread sowing, including a paw, a rack-vas deferens and a diffuser of seed, made in the form located under the outlet of the rack-vas deferens, and the inner cavity of the rack-vas deferens in cross section has an oval shape [1].

The disadvantages of the known opener for subsoil spacing are sticking of a material diffuser of such a shape in the soil, which leads to an uneven distribution of seeds or fertilizers along the opener, and such continuous legs in the form of spherical disks have a higher traction resistance compared to gear disks.

Also known is a coulter for a subsoil scattering sowing, comprising a hollow pillar, a paw in the form of a rotating spherical disk located at an angle to the horizon, and a diffuser of seed, placed under the outlet of the hollow pillar, and it is equipped with an additional serrated spherical disk, which is mounted above the main one, while the axis of rotation of the disks are eccentric relative to the axis of the hollow strut, with displacement in opposite directions in the transverse plane with the formation of a sharp SFA [2].

The disadvantages of this coulter are the uneven (unstable) stroke of horizontally located discs in depth, which reduces the uniformity of embedment of the sowing material in depth, and also coulters of this type have a significant energy consumption of the process.

The next technical solution is a flow divider of bulk materials for pneumatic seed drills, containing a central supply channel, a dividing head with a working surface made in the form of a rotation surface with a curvilinear generatrix, which is a segment of a curve described by complex equations and outlet pipes [3].

The disadvantages of this technical solution are: clogging the flow divider with seeds or fertilizers, and the proposed curve forming the working surface of the dividing head does not allow particles of material to move with constant pressure on the wall of the dividing head, for example, compared with a logarithmic curve, which has a constant angle between the polar radius and tangent to any of its points, which can contribute to a smooth flow around and the descent of seeds and fertilizers from the dividing head without damage.

The next invention is a coulter for scattered sowing of seeds and fertilizing, containing a lancet paw, a hollow stand and a distributor located in its lower part made of a cone-screw, in which the surface of the screw part of the distributor is equipped with multi-way, separated from each other protrusions racetracks, and the rear wall of the rack has a cutout for the exit of the tracks of the “snake” screw [4].

The disadvantage of this invention is the uneven distribution of seeds and fertilizers in strips due to the incorrect calculation of multi-path treadmills with unnecessary protrusions, which leads to their sticking and, accordingly, clogging.

The prototype is a rowless opener for subsoil spacing, containing a tubular hollow rack-vas deferens, a mouthpiece in the form of a hollow leg of a cultivator with a support sole and a distributor of seed, made in the form of an anchor installed in the opener at a low height [5].

The disadvantages of the prototype are: on the surface of the distributor of the anchor type, the sowing material is poorly dispersed (crumbles), and the coulters of the paw type open the groove well, but there is no free space under the paw for high-quality subsoil spread sowing.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages.

The technical result is to improve the uniformity of embedment of the seed to be sown in depth and to distribute them along the outlet pipes by reducing damage to material particles and stickiness on the working surface of the dividing head.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a rowless coulter for a subsoil spread seed, containing a tubular hollow rack-vas deferens, a narralik in the form of a hollow leg of a cultivator with a support sole and a distributor of seed, mounted in the opener at a low height, on the front edge of the narrator using bearings rolling on the shafts fixed cutting discs installed at an angle of crushing to the bottom of the furrow and placed in series with the overlap of the front subsequent disks, while ribbed hollow rack-vas deferens, located behind the support sole, is made in the form of a chisel working body, and the distributor is made in the form of a divider of the flow of bulk materials of pneumatic seed drills, where the working surface of its dividing head has a generatrix, which is a section of the logarithmic curve that smoothly connects the central supply channel with outlet pipes directed along the opener to the cutting discs and placed under the outlet of the tubular hollow rack-vas deferens, and its central A new inlet channel is located inside it. In addition, the cutting discs on the periphery are equipped with teeth, each of which is made along a portion of the loxodromy curve, and the supporting sole of the narralik in the lower part is made in the form of a hemisphere, the convexity of which is facing the day surface from the bottom of the furrow.

Rowless opener for subsoil scattering is illustrated by the schemes:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a rowless opener, top view;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a rowless opener, side view;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a rowless opener, rear view;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a distributor of seed, a side view and a top view;

FIG. 5 is a view along arrow A in FIG. four.

The row-open coulter for the subsoil scattering sowing (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) contains a tubular hollow rack-seed tube 1, a mouth 2 in the form of a hollow leg of a cultivator with a support sole 3 and a distributor 4 of seed to be installed in the coulter at a low height. At the same time, on the leading edge of the narralik 2, using rolling bearings 5, shafts 6 are fixed to the shafts 6, mounted at an angle of crumbling to the bottom of the furrow and placed in series with overlapping front subsequent disks 7. A tubular hollow rack-vas deferens 1, located behind the support sole 3, made in the form of a chisel working body. Moreover, the distributor 4 (Fig. 4 and 5) is made in the form of a divider of the flow of bulk materials of pneumatic seed drills, where the working surface 8 of its dividing head 9 has a generatrix, which is a section of the logarithmic curve, smoothly connecting the central supply channel 10 with the outlet pipes 11 directed along the coulter movement to the cutting discs 7 and is placed under the outlet of the tubular hollow rack-vas deferens 1, and its central supply channel 10 is located inside it. In addition, the cutting disks 7 along the periphery are equipped with teeth 12, each of which is made along a portion of the loxodromy curve, and the support sole 3 of the oral 2 in the lower part is made in the form of a hemisphere 13 whose convexity faces the surface from the bottom of the furrow.

Rowless opener for subsoil spacing works as follows.

When the open-air coulter of a pneumatic seeder with a centralized metering system moves along the sowing area, the narralik 2 cuts the soil layer with cutting discs 7 with teeth 12 made along the section of the loxodromy curve and at the same time lifting it, opens (forms) the groove. Moreover, under the influence of the cutting discs 7, the soil layer rises along their working surface and partially crumbles. At this time, the seed to be sown together with the air flow through the tubular hollow rack-seed tube 1 is fed through the central supply channel 10 to the dividing head 9. Next, the particles of the seed to be sifted smoothly move to the outlet pipes 11 along the working surface 8, made along a portion of the logarithmic curve with constant pressure on the wall of the dividing head 9, which reduces the stickiness of its working surfaces 8 and injury (damage) of the seed. After that, there is a uniform distribution of seeds or fertilizers along the outlet pipes 11, directed against the movement of the opener and gathering (scatter) into the free space under the support sole 3. Moreover, since the lower part of the support sole 3 has the shape of a hemisphere 13, the sowing material in contact with its working surface it evenly disperses along the entire width of the bottom of the furrow and on top it is closed in the furrow by soil coming off the coulter and partially shedding the soil from the walls of the furrow, and mainly by covering up the seeder organs.

The use of the invention allows to improve the quality of processing before sowing, to improve the uniformity of the seed and fertilizer seeding in depth, and the uniformity of their distribution along the outlet pipes and the spread across the entire width of the bottom of the furrow. Also, due to the absence of a high pressure zone and impact of particles on the working surface 8 of the dividing head 9, the stickiness of these surfaces and damage to the seed are reduced, which helps to increase their germination and crop productivity in general.

List of references

1. Copyright certificate for the invention No. 1466676, class. A01C 7/20. Opener for subsoil scattering / H.S. Gainanov, M.M. Zemdikhanov; declared 07/09/1987; publ. 03/23/1989, Bull. No. 11.

2. Copyright certificate for the invention No. 1516032, class. A01C 7/20. Opener for subsoil scattering / H.S. Gainanov, M.M. Zemdikhanov; declared 12/23/1987; publ. 10/23/1989, Bull. Number 39.

3. Copyright certificate for the invention No. 1658871, class. A01C 15/04; 7/04. Bulk material divider for pneumatic seeders / H.S. Gainanov, M.M. Zemdikhanov; declared 02/09/1989; publ. 06/30/1991, Bull. Number 24.

4. Copyright certificate for the invention No. 1424753, class. A01C 7/20. Opener for scattered sowing of seeds and fertilizing / A.P. Belokon; declared 03/12/1986; publ. 09/23/1988, Bull. Number 35.

5. Sahakyan S.S. Rowless coulter for subsoil spreader. - In the book: Agricultural machines (construction, theory and calculation) / S.S. Sahakyan. - M.: Publishing house with. literature, magazines and posters, 1962. - S. 202 ... 203.

Claims (3)

1. Rowless opener for subsoil spacing sowing, containing a tubular hollow rack-seed tube, a ravine in the form of a hollow leg of a cultivator with a support sole and a distributor of seed, mounted in the opener, characterized in that the cutting edges are mounted on the front edge of the narrator using rolling bearings on the shafts disks installed at an angle of crumbling to the bottom of the furrow and placed sequentially with overlapping front subsequent disks, while the tubular hollow rack-vas deferens located behind with a sole, made in the form of a chisel working body, and the distributor is made in the form of a divider for the flow of bulk materials of pneumatic seeders, in which the working surface of its dividing head has a generatrix, which is a section of the logarithmic curve that smoothly connects the central supply channel with outlet pipes directed along the opener to the cutting discs, and is located under the outlet of the tubular hollow rack-vas deferens, and its central supply channel is located inside it. 2. Rowless opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting discs on the periphery are equipped with teeth, each of which is made along a portion of the loxodromy curve. 3. Rowless opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting sole of the narralik in the lower part is made in the form of a hemisphere, the convexity of which is directed to the day surface from the bottom of the furrow.

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