RU2666520C2 - One-way method of the radio frequency sources location - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of radio engineering, namely to radio monitoring systems for determining the coordinates of the radio frequency sources location (CRFSL) VHF-microwave ranges of both digital and analog types of communication, information about which is not available in the database (for example, the state radio frequency service). Method is based on an energy principle, which consists in measuring (or calculating) the field strength of a RFS and in several space points with known coordinates of their location. Herewith the field strength of the RFS on a RMP is measured, and in an additional point (points) is calculated. As an additional point in the method, a virtual post (VP) is proposed, coordinates of which and parameters of its virtual antenna (a directional pattern and a suspension height) are specified. When using n VP, they are “placed” not on a straight line with the RCP and “spaced” from it by latitude and (or) by longitude for several angular minutes. Calculation of the strength on the VP is based on the principle of the correlation dependence (CD) of the field strengths, created in a given frequency range by a set of radio frequency sources, located, according to the database, in a zone of electromagnetic accessibility of the RMP and calculated both for RMP and for all given VPs by a certain program. Method is universal both in terms of the types of communication, and the locations of the target RFS – on the Earth's surface or in space. Scanning receiver with an omnidirectional whip antenna is used. In the implementation of this method no expenditures are required for additional equipment. Through the use of virtual posts, without any cost, large statistical base is received allowing to increase the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the RFS location.EFFECT: achieved technical result is the definition of CRFSL by one radio monitoring post (RMP) and n virtual posts (VP) without the use of direction finders and radio receivers with autocorrelators.1 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of radio engineering, and in particular to radio monitoring systems for determining the location of VHF-UHF radio emission sources, both digital and analog modes of communication, information about which is not in the database (for example, the state radio frequency service or the state service for supervision of communications) . The invention can also be used in the search for the location of radio communications, as possible sources of communication interference.

Known methods for determining the coordinates of the IRI, in which passive direction finders are used in an amount of at least three, the center of gravity of the region of intersection of the revealed azimuths of which at the wave arrival front is taken as the location estimate. The basic principles of operation of such direction finders are amplitude, phase, and interferometric [1, 2]. Their disadvantages include a high degree of complexity of antenna systems, switching devices and the presence of multi-channel radios.

The presence in the federal districts of the state radio-frequency service interconnected through a central point of an extensive network of radio monitoring posts (RCP) equipped with means for receiving radio signals, measuring and processing their parameters, allows you to supplement their functions and tasks of determining the location of those IRI, information about which is not in the database, is not resorting to the use of complex and expensive direction finders.

Of other known methods and devices, close analogues of the proposed method according to the technical nature and intended for use in radio monitoring, can be [3, 4].

The method [3] is based on the reception of signals by three antennas forming two pairs of measuring bases, measuring the differences in the arrival time of the IRI signals and deterministic calculations of the desired coordinates.

The disadvantages of the method include:

1) A large number of antennas.

2) The method is not focused on the use of RCP.

3) Measuring bases for calculating the difference in the arrival times of the IRI signals by antenna pairs significantly limit the separation of these antennas, not to mention the inappropriateness and great technical complexity of the implementation of the method.

Diversity difference-range direction finding [4], consisting of two peripheral points, a central and a single time system. The peripheral points are intended for receiving, storing, processing signals and transmitting signal fragments to the CPU, on which the difference of the signal arrival time is calculated. In a single time system, a chronizer is used, which represents the keeper of the current time scale (hours) attached to the single time scale, designed to bind the signal level values recorded in the storage device to the value of the reception time.

This direction finder has the following disadvantages:

1) Not adapted to the RCP used in the branches of the federal districts of the state radio frequency service or the state service for supervision of communications.

2) A large number of specialized direction finding (but not radio monitoring) posts.

3) Unreasonable and unrevealed (at least until the functional diagram) application of a single time system on a CPU and time clocks on a PC synchronized with a single time system.

4) The need for radio channels with high bandwidth (up to 625 Mbaud) for the transmission of even fragments of signals from PP1 and PP2 to the CPU.

5) To organize a radio channel, radio transmitting devices and obtaining permission for their operation in certain operating conditions are required.

Known goniometric-correlation method for estimating the location of ground-based sources of radio emission [5]. The goniometric-correlation method for estimating the coordinates of the location of ground-based sources of radio emission (IRI), which consists in measuring the position coordinates x (k), the course angle ψ (k), the IRI bearing (φ _and (k)) simultaneously on the direction finding plane characterized in that the on-board computer system (BVS) splits the terrain around the IRI with roughly defined rectangular coordinates x _c , z _c into I × J rectangles with the coordinates of the centers x _i , z _i ; for each rectangle and all direction finding points, the expected bearing values are calculated, then an elementary terrain is searched for the possible location of the IRI, which corresponds to the set of measured bearings, the current location of the IRI is determined by the value of the quality functional characterizing the degree of correspondence of the current measured set of bearings and their expected calculated values, corresponding to elementary terrain, the coordinates of which are known, while as nktsionala quality used extremum mutually-correlation function realization φ _and (k) and φ _ij (k), determining the coincidence of the current IRI location with the measured elementary section areas whose coordinates are known, or weighted sum of squared differences of the current measured and calculated values bearings φ _u ( k) and φ _ij (k), while the criterion for the coincidence of the current implementation of bearings and their calculated values is the minimum of the quality functional

The disadvantages of this analogue:

1. The method is designed only for use on board a direction-finding aircraft,

2. Requires the measurement of the own coordinates of the location of the aircraft,

3. Preliminary rough location of the IRI is required,

4. Requires a breakdown of the area around the intended location of the IRI,

5. Requires the measurement of bearings on each plot of the terrain of a possible location of Iran.

There is also a technical solution [6], which relates to radar, in particular, to determine the location of radio sources. The technical result is the ability to determine the coordinates of the sources of radio emissions from a single-position ground-based radar station and regardless of terrain conditions.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that in a radar station containing a passive detection channel, including a series-connected antenna and a receiver, as well as a coordinate calculation unit containing a series-connected device for measuring the shift of received signals in time and a coordinate calculation device.

The essence of the proposed method is as follows.

To determine the coordinates of the source of radio emission, two channels are used: passive and active detection channels. The whole system is placed in one position.

The antenna of the passive detection channel is directed to the source and receives its direct radio emission. To measure the distance to a radio source with angular coordinates ∈ _AND (elevation angle) and β _AND (azimuth), an object is used that reflects the radio emission of this source. In this case, using the active detection channel operating in passive mode, the operations of search, detection and measurement of angular coordinates ( elevation angle - ∈ _О and azimuth - β _О ) of an object reflecting radiation correlated with direct radiation (i.e., a search is made for a reflecting object). By the maximum position of the mutual correlation function of the radiation received by the two detection channels, determine the value of the time shift Δ _{t of} these emissions.

After that, the direction is sensed with coordinates ∈ _О , β _О and the distance R ₀ to the object is measured, if necessary, coordinates ∈ _О , β _О are specified.

The disadvantages of this analogue are:

1. The method can be applied only to digital (discrete) forms of communication.

2. Two channels are needed: active and passive, which is completely unacceptable in military conditions of use due to unmasking means.

3. The need to measure the shift of the received signals in time requires a tight synchronization system.

4. It is necessary to carry out operations of search, detection and measurement of angular coordinates (elevation angle - ∈ _О and azimuth - β _О ) of an object reflecting radiation.

The closest analogue selected for the prototype of the proposed method is [7].

The method [7] relates to passive radio monitoring systems and is intended to determine the coordinates of the sources of radio waves of the VHF-microwave ranges using digital (discrete) types of signals from one RCP. The method for determining the location of the IRI is based on measuring the direction of the IRI, estimating the relative time delay, followed by calculating the coordinates of the IRI as the point of intersection of the direction line to the source and the hyperbolic position line. All measurements are made at one receiving point. In this case, the estimate of the relative time delay is determined by calculating the time of discrepancy in the arrival of the signal from the source relative to the reference time scale, formed on the basis of the estimate of the time structure of the source signal, the location of which is assumed to be known, determined by comparing the estimates of the discrepancy in the time of arrival of signals from the sources with and estimated location, operating in a single synchronization system with digital (discrete) types of signals.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

1) The method applies only to digital (discrete) types of communication tools with a clearly defined period of pulse repetition of clock (cycle) synchronization, operating in a single synchronization system, the time parameters of which and the accuracy of their determination significantly affect the estimation of the relative time delay, and therefore and the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the desired IRI.

2) There is no decision to improve the accuracy of estimating the determination of the coordinates of the desired IRI, for example, by increasing the number of correspondents from the radio network and averaging the results of calculating the coordinates of the desired IRI for each of the correspondents of the radio network;

3) The frequency-time structure of the signal (the frequency (period) of the following pulses of clock (cycle) synchronization) must be a priori known (or accessible to estimation). Moreover, the estimation of the frequency-time structure of the signal leads to the appearance of an additional error in calculating the coordinates of the desired IRI and the appearance of additional time and hardware costs when implementing the method.

4) The scope of the method is limited to the fact that for the implementation of the method it is necessary to have:

a) a special radio receiving device, in which an autocorrelator must also be introduced,

b) a direction finder that meets the requirements for sufficient direction finding accuracy, based on the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the desired IRI.

The aim of the present invention is to develop a method for determining the location coordinates of the IRI VHF-microwave ranges from one RCP without the disadvantages inherent in the prototype.

(сочетаний из суммы n ВП с РКП по четыре) определителей Кэли-Менгера, связывающих десять квадратов расстояний между пятью точками пространства, представляющими сочетание по четыре из суммы n ВП с РКП и искомый ИРИ, и делающих его детерминант равным нулю. Формируют путем сочетаний четверки постов из РКП и n ВП, произвольно выбирают один из постов четверки, принимая его за текущий, а квадрат расстояния от него до ИРИ - за текущий неизвестный, выражают квадраты неизвестных расстояний остальных постов до ИРИ через произведение квадрата текущего неизвестного расстояния на квадрат отношения напряженностей поля текущего поста к напряженности поля каждого из этих постов. С помощью программ Mathcad или Matlab или путем понижения размерности определителя Кэли-Менгера решают его относительно квадрата текущего расстояния, по вычисленным отношениям напряженностей находят остальные неизвестные квадраты расстояний, составляют систему четырех уравнений сфер с центрами в точках четверки постов и решают эту систему любым из численных методов или аналитически путем вычисления координат ИРИ, как радикального центра четырех сфер. Повторяют все процедуры, описанные выше для каждой из оставшихся постов четверки, а результаты для четверки постов усредняют и потом их корректируют по калибровочной характеристике четверки постов, представляющей зависимость разности вычисленных и истинных координат источников радиоизлучений, близких по частоте к частоте искомого ИРИ и известных по соответствующей базе данных применяемого РКП, как функцию ошибки определения координат. Повторяют все приведенные выше процедуры вычисления по всем сочетаниям

усредняют и, уже только затем, фиксируют, как окончательные координаты местоположения искомого ИРИThis goal is achieved using the features specified in the claims that are common with the prototype: a method for determining the coordinates of the location of the IRI, based on measuring the parameters of the desired IRI on one RCP and calculating the same parameters for posts whose location is assumed to be known, and distinguishing features, consisting in the fact that the method is used for both digital and analog modes of communication. At the RCP, the field strength of the desired IRI is measured, the coordinates of the location of n virtual posts (VP) are set, in an amount of at least three, not lying on one straight line and at a distance of several angular minutes relative to the RCP. Calculate according to a specialized program [8], or a similar one, the field strength at the location of the RCP and n VP created by each of the sources of radio emission of a given frequency range, known from the corresponding database of the used RCP, establish a correlation between the values of the field strengths at each of n VP and field strength at the RCP, measure the field strength from the desired IRI at the last and the field strength at the corresponding VP is determined by its magnitude and correlation dependence. Calculate n relations of the field strength of the RCP to the field strength of the airspace and make up

(four combinations of the sum of n VPs with RCP) of the Cayley-Menger determinants connecting ten squares of distances between five points in space, representing a combination of four of the sum of n VPs with RCP and the desired IRI, and making its determinant equal to zero. Form by combining the four posts from the RCP and n VP, randomly select one of the four posts, taking it as the current one, and the square of the distance from it to the IRI as the current unknown, express the squares of the unknown distances of the remaining posts to the IRI through the product of the square of the current unknown distance by the square of the ratio of the field strengths of the current post to the field strengths of each of these posts. Using the Mathcad or Matlab programs or by lowering the dimension of the Cayley-Menger determinant, they are solved with respect to the square of the current distance, the remaining unknown squares of distances are found from the calculated tension ratios, they make up a system of four equations of spheres with centers at the points of the four posts and solve this system using any of the numerical methods or analytically by calculating the coordinates of the IRI, as the radical center of the four spheres. All the procedures described above for each of the remaining four posts are repeated, and the results for the four posts are averaged and then adjusted according to the calibration characteristic of the four posts, which represents the dependence of the difference between the calculated and true coordinates of the radio sources, which are close in frequency to the frequency of the desired IRI and are known from the corresponding the database of the applied RCP, as a function of the error in determining the coordinates. Repeat all the above calculation procedures for all combinations

average and, only then, fix, as the final coordinates of the location of the desired IRI

The initial conditions for implementing the method of on-off determination of the coordinates of the location of the IRI are:

1) The propagation space of radio waves is taken for free,

2) The antennas of the sought sources of radio emission are non-directional,

3) The measurement conditions and the location of the desired IRI during the measurement and calculation of the coordinates of its location do not change.

These conditions, in most cases, are fulfilled and do not limit the application of the method.

The claimed method is illustrated by drawings, which show:

FIG. 1. one pentahedron with squares of distances,

FIG. 2. the location of the RCP, VP, IRI and the five pentahedra formed by them,

FIG. 3. the correlation dependence of the field strength at one of the airspace and the field strength at the RCP,

FIG. 4. calibration characteristic of the method.

The method is based on the energy principle, which consists in measuring (or calculating) the IRI field strength at several points in space with known coordinates of their location (Fig. 1). In this case, the field strength of the IRI on the RCP is measured, and calculated at an additional point (s). As an additional point in the method, a virtual post (VP) is proposed, the coordinates of which and the parameters of its virtual antenna (radiation pattern and suspension height) are set. When using n VP, they are not placed on a straight line with the RCP and removed from it for several angular minutes (Fig. 2). The calculation of the voltage at the airspace is based on the principle of the correlation dependence of the field strengths generated in a given frequency range by some k multiple sources of radio emission located, according to the database, in the zone of electromagnetic accessibility of the RCP and calculated for both the RCP and for all given VP according to a specific program, for example, PR [8]. In this case, the directivity pattern of the virtual antenna and the height of its suspension for calculating the tension at the airspace are chosen the same as at the RCP. As an example, in FIG. Figure 3 shows (SC) the field strengths between the RCP and one of the airspace. To determine the coordinates of the location of the sources of radio emission, the asymmetric Cayley-Menger determinant is used, presented below in the form of a matrix J representing the structure of the pentahedron shown in FIG. one.

Using the assumption of the free propagation of radio waves in space, we can take the square of the distance from one of the four points of the pentahedron, representing posts in combinations of four of n VP and RCP, for the current, and the remaining squares of unknown distances expressed as the product of the current square of the distance and the square of the ratio of tension field at the current post to the field strength in the corresponding post. For example, denoting the square of the distances from the post A by r _a and the squares of the signal field strengths measured at the posts by Ea, Eb, Ec and Ed, you can write the remaining squares of the distances from posts B, C and D to the IRI as r _b = mr _a , r _c = nr _a , r _d = kr _a , where: m = Ea / Eb, n = Ea / Ec, k = Ea / Ed. In the matrix J, to simplify its writing, we replaced r _a with x.

In determinant J, the squares of the distances between posts indicated in FIG. 1 through a, b, c, d, e, f, are known and depend on the configuration of posts A, B, C, D, and the unknown distances from posts to IRI, denoted by r _a , r _b , r _c , r _d , depend both on the configuration of posts A, B, C, D, and on the coordinates of the location of the desired IRI.

There are several varieties of such a determinant: symmetric and asymmetric for squares of distances, symmetric for areas and three more exotic ones proposed by V.Kh. Leo in the dissertation “Three-dimensional and four-dimensional spaces in the theory of physical structures” [9]. It says that, “considering a three-dimensional Euclidean space as a three-dimensional hypersurface in a four-dimensional Euclidean space, it can be argued that the Vikmnp volume of the four-dimensional simplex G5 = {I, k, m, n, p}, five vertices of which I, k, m, n , p lie in the same three-dimensional hypersurface, is equal to zero. " Based on this statement that the determinant | J | for any configurations, the pentahedron is zero, to solve the problem in a general way without the use of complex Mathcad or Matlab programs, it is necessary to open the determinant and draw up an equation for the square of any unknown distance r _a , r _b , r _c or r _d . Expanding the determinant J of dimension 6 × 6 directly in symbolic form is difficult even using the Mathcad or Matlab programs. For its disclosure, it is necessary to represent the matrix J through the sum of five algebraic complements i12, i13, i14, i15, i16 (taking into account the sign in front of them), the matrices of which are given below. Since the determinant of the original Cayley-Menger determinant of dimension 6 × 6 is equal to zero, then when it is decomposed into five 5 × 5 matrices, the determinant of each algebraic complement will also be equal to zero. But anyway, to solve it, you need a Mathcad or Matlab program, which increases the cost of using the method. Therefore, the option of decomposing the Cayley-Menger determinant of 6 × 6 dimension into five additions and obtaining an equation for solving it in the simplest Excel program was chosen.

Each of the additions, one unit smaller than the original matrix, can already be opened by the Mathcad program in symbolic form and can be represented as expansions of the unknown square of the distance x, such as:

i12: = B12⋅x + C12

where the corresponding complement coefficients are:

B12 = a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5.

a1: = a⋅c ² + b⋅d ² + f ² ⋅е + a⋅c⋅d + b⋅c⋅da⋅c⋅fb⋅d⋅ff ² ⋅n⋅e.

a2: = a ² ⋅c⋅na⋅c ² ⋅mb⋅d ² ⋅ka ² ⋅c⋅k + b ² ⋅d⋅mb ² ⋅d⋅nc⋅f⋅ed⋅f⋅e.

a3: = f⋅m⋅e ² -f⋅k⋅e ² + a⋅c⋅k⋅ea⋅c⋅m⋅e + b⋅d⋅k⋅e + a⋅f⋅k⋅eb⋅d⋅m ⋅e.

a4: = d⋅f⋅k⋅e-b⋅f⋅m⋅e-a⋅f⋅n⋅e + b⋅f⋅n⋅e + c⋅f⋅m⋅e-a⋅b⋅d⋅k

a5: = a⋅b⋅c⋅ma⋅c⋅d⋅ka⋅b⋅c⋅n + a⋅b⋅d⋅nb⋅c⋅d⋅m + a⋅c⋅f⋅n + b⋅d⋅f ⋅n

C12: = a ² ⋅c ² + 2⋅a⋅b⋅c⋅d-2⋅e⋅a⋅c⋅f + b ² ⋅d ² -2⋅e⋅b⋅d⋅f + e ² ⋅f ²

Similarly to the previous, other additions are also presented.

i13: = A13x ² + B13x

A13: = b1⋅b2

b1: = - (d⋅k + c⋅m-f⋅n)

b2: = (c + d-f + k⋅e-m⋅e-a⋅k + a⋅n + b⋅m-d⋅k-b⋅n-c⋅m + f⋅n)

B13: = b1⋅b3

b3: = a⋅c-f⋅e + b⋅d

c1: = c ² -c ² ⋅m + b ² ⋅n ² + c⋅dc⋅f + k ² ⋅e ² -a⋅c⋅k + a⋅c⋅n + b⋅c⋅mc⋅d⋅k

i14: = A14x ² + B14x

A14: = c1 + c2 + c3 + c4

c2: = - 2⋅b⋅c⋅nb⋅d⋅n + b⋅f⋅n⋅f⋅n⋅-ak ² ⋅ed⋅k ² ⋅ea⋅b⋅n ² -b⋅f⋅n ²

c3: = - b ² ⋅m⋅n + 2⋅c⋅k⋅e + d⋅k⋅e⋅m⋅ef⋅k⋅ek⋅m⋅e ² + ak⋅n⋅e + b⋅k⋅m⋅ e

c4: = b⋅m⋅n⋅ec⋅k⋅m⋅e-2⋅b⋅k⋅n⋅e + f⋅k⋅n⋅e + a⋅b⋅k⋅n + b⋅d⋅k⋅n + b⋅c⋅m⋅n

B14: = b⋅c⋅d + a⋅c ² -b ² ⋅d⋅nc⋅f⋅ef⋅k⋅e ² + a⋅c⋅k⋅e + b⋅d⋅k⋅e + b⋅f⋅ n⋅ea⋅b⋅c⋅n

i15: = A15x ² + B15x

A15: = d1⋅d2

d1: = f + a⋅k-b⋅m

d2: = - c-d + f-k⋅e + m⋅e + a⋅k-a⋅n-b⋅m + d⋅k + b⋅n + c⋅m-f⋅n

B15: = (f + a⋅k-b⋅m) ⋅ (f⋅e-a⋅c-b⋅d)

i16: = A16x ² + B16x

A16: = e1 + e2 + e3 + e4

e1: = d ² -d ² ⋅k + a ² ⋅n ² + c⋅dd⋅f + m ² ⋅e ² -a⋅d⋅k + a⋅c⋅n + 2⋅a⋅d⋅n + b ⋅d⋅m

e2: = - b⋅d⋅nc⋅d⋅ma⋅f⋅n + d⋅f⋅nb⋅m ² ⋅e + c⋅m ² ⋅ea⋅b⋅n ² + a⋅f⋅n ² -a ² ⋅k⋅r

e3: = d⋅k⋅ec⋅m⋅e-2⋅d⋅m⋅e + f⋅m⋅ek⋅m⋅e ² + a⋅k⋅m⋅e + a⋅k⋅n⋅e-2⋅ a⋅m⋅n⋅e

e4: = d⋅k⋅m⋅e + b⋅m⋅n⋅e-f⋅m⋅n⋅e + a⋅b⋅m⋅n-a⋅d⋅k⋅n-a⋅c⋅m⋅n

B16: = - d⋅f⋅e + a⋅c⋅d + a ² ⋅c⋅n + b⋅d ² + f⋅m⋅e ² -a⋅c⋅m⋅eb⋅d⋅m⋅ea⋅f ⋅n⋅e + a⋅b⋅d⋅n

The general equation of the Cayley-Menger determinant, dimension 6 × 6, will have in this case the form:

where: A: = A13 + A14 + A15 + A16 B: = B12 + B13 + B14 + B15 + B16 C: = C12

From the obtained equation (1), the square of the distance x is found (earlier it was taken equal to the square of the distance from the post A to the IRI), and then the squares of the distances from the IRI to other posts.

The found distances r _a , r _b , r _c , r _{d are} corrected by the calibration characteristic (KX) shown in FIG. 4 and representing the dependence of the difference between the calculated location distances from the basic sources of radio emissions to the RCP and their true distances, known from the corresponding database, as a function of the dependence of the error in determining the distances on the ratio of the intensities in the RCP / VP pairs. To do this, according to previously calculated, to establish a short circuit, k by a set of field strength values on the RCP and VP, the distance is calculated by the above procedures. And set the value of the obtained average k times error Δricp, as the difference between the calculated values and their true ith distances, known from the corresponding database of basic sources of radio emissions in the form:

и.т.д. После Корректируют вычисленные квадраты расстояний r_a, r_b, r_c, r_d, как riкор riвыч Δricp. После этого откорректированные значения усредняют,

etc. After Correct the calculated squares of the distances r _a , r _b , r _c , r _d , as ricor habit Δricp. After that, the adjusted values average

To calculate the desired coordinate locations of IRI results squared distances express the coordinates positions and the unknown coordinates x _i, y _i, h _i IRI:

Equations (2) - (5) are the equations of the spheres, as the surface of the IRI location, with centers at the locations of the posts and passing through the point with the desired coordinates. Unknown coordinates: latitude - x _i , longitude - y _i and height - h _i , according to the obtained expressions for distances, can be obtained by solving the four equations given. Moreover, the coordinates are not found as the coordinates of the intersection point of the four spheres (this point cannot be found), but as the coordinates of the radical center of the four spheres. You can also use the numerical method of sequential enumeration (or dichotomy or steepest descent). In this case, it is necessary to find such coordinate values at which they provide a minimum of the difference between the left and right sides of expressions (2) - (5).

We find the coordinates of the source as the coordinates of the spatial radical center of the four spheres (2) - (5).

(для p=4, где p - количество сфер) радикальных плоскостей, представляющих области попарного пересечения указанных сфер. Уравнения этих радикальных плоскостей получают путем вычитания уравнений сфер (2)-(5).For this we find

(for p = 4, where p is the number of spheres) of radical planes representing the regions of pairwise intersection of these spheres. The equations of these radical planes are obtained by subtracting the equations of the spheres (2) - (5).

и

имеют:For a pair of spheres with squares of radii

and

have:

After the conversion (squaring and moving the quadratic terms to the right), one obtains: A _ab x _i + B _ab y _i + C _ab z _i, = D _ab .

Similarly for other pairs:

где:

Where:

Substituting the coefficients obtained from (7) into the equations of the radical planes (6), they compose from the latter systems of equations (3 in each) and find the coordinates of the IRI: latitude - x _i , longitude - y _i and height - z _i . We compose one of these systems of linear equations:

This linear system is solved, for example, by the Cramer method.

The determinant of the matrix is Δ = A _ab (B _ac C _ad -C _ac B _ad ) + A _ac (B _ad C _ab -C _ad B _ab ) + A _ad (B _ab C _ac -C _ab B _{, ac} ). The determinants of the matrices obtained by replacing the columns for the corresponding unknown free-column terms are equal to:

Δx = D _ab (B _ac C _ad -C _ac B _ad ) + D _ac (B _ad C _ab -C _ad B _ab ) + D _ad (B _ab C _ac -C _ab B _ac ),

Δy = D _ab (A _ad C _ac -C _ad A _ac ) + D _ac (A _ab C _ad -C _ab A _ad ) + D _ad (A _ac C _ab -C _ac A _ab ),

and Δz = D _ab (A _ac B _ad -A _ad B _ac ) + D _ac (A _ad B _ab -A _ab B _ad ) + D _ad (A _ab B _ac -B _ab A _ac ).

Get the preliminary coordinates of the location of the desired IRI in the form: x = Δx / Δ, y = Δy / Δ, z = Δz / Δ.

To obtain the final results of calculating the coordinates of the desired IRI, the above procedures must be performed for all combinations

Note: When determining the coefficients (7) for solving the system of equations, the coordinates of the posts are substituted in radians, including the suspension height of the antennas of the receivers of the radio monitoring posts (one radian is 111.3 km). After finding the suspension height of the IRI antenna, this height z is expressed in meters.

Once again, we describe the algorithm of the method according to the points:

1. At the RCP measure the signal field strength from the desired IRI.

2. According to the coordinates of the RCP form the coordinates of several VP, not lying on the same line with the RCP and differing from its coordinates by several angular minutes (Fig. 2).

3. Using the database of radio-electronic means (BDRES), the RCP determines k basic transmitting RES.

4. Calculate the field strength created by them, both at the RCP and for all of us VPi, using well-known programs, for example, PR [8].

5. Based on these calculated field strengths, a correlation is established between the field strength at each of the VPi and the field strength at the RCP.

6. According to the established correlation dependence (Fig. 3) and the value of the field strength of the desired IRI measured on the RCP, the field strength of the desired IRI is determined for each of the VPi.

7. According to the intensity measured at the RCP, its ratio to the intensity of each VPi is calculated.

8. According to the intensity calculated in paragraph 3 on the RCP, its relation to the calculated intensity of each VPi is calculated

определяя тем самым четверку постов для составления, вместе с искомым ИРИ, пентаэдра и определителя Кэли-Менгера размерностью 6×6 (фиг. 1).9. Choose one combination of

thereby determining the four posts for compilation, together with the required IRI, the pentahedron and the Cayley-Menger determinant of 6 × 6 dimension (Fig. 1).

10. The coordinates of the selected posts determine the squares of six distances between them.

11. In the four posts selected in Section 9, the current post is assigned, taking the square of its distance to the desired IRI as an unknown current one.

12. A 6 × 6 Cayley-Menger determinant is compiled, in which the squares of the distances to the IRI from the remaining four posts are written through the square of the distance of the current post and the ratio of the strengths of the current post and each of the remaining three defined in paragraph 9 of the four.

13. Using the Mathcad or Matlab program or the proposed formulas for calculating the Cayley-Menger determinant of 6 × 6 dimension, by lowering its dimension through additions, and the Excel program, the square value of the unknown current distance is found.

14. The remaining three unknown squares of distances are determined by the calculated square of the unknown current distance and the squares of the field strength ratio at the four posts.

15. Assign the next post to the current post in the selected four posts and perform paragraphs 12-14. So repeat for each post of the four.

16. The found squares of the distances from the IRI to each of the four posts selected in paragraph 9 are averaged.

17. For the four posts selected in clause 9, make up the calibration characteristic, for which repeat clauses 8-16.

18. The squares of distances from the IRI to posts averaged in clause 16, obtained from the results of clause 7, are adjusted according to the calibration characteristic of FIG. 4.

19. Make up a system of four equations of spheres with the centers of the posts of the selected four.

20. Using the radical center method, they solve a system of four equations of spheres and calculate the preliminary coordinates of the IRI: latitude, longitude, and height.

21. Repeat paragraphs. 9-20 for all combinations of four posts

усредняют и фиксируют, как окончательные координаты искомого ИРИ.22. Preliminary coordinates of the IRI for all combinations of four posts

average and fix, as the final coordinates of the desired IRI.

In the claimed method eliminated all the disadvantages of the prototype. To explain the capabilities of the method, we present the estimated amount of statistics for averaging and improving the accuracy of determination, both by the distance from the RCP to the IRI, and by the coordinates of the location of the IRI. The calculation is given for a different number of VPs, from three to ten, and is presented in the table:

The proposed method:

1) It is universal and applicable for determining the coordinates of the location of sources of radio emission (KMPIR) of the VHF-microwave ranges, both digital and analog modes of communication.

2) The method is universal, not only by the type of communication, but also by the location of the desired IRI - on the surface of the Earth or in space. A scanning radio with an omnidirectional whip antenna is used.

3) Does not require the cost of additional equipment, for example, in the form of a radio receiver with auto correlator and direction finder.

4) Due to the use of virtual posts, a large statistical base is achieved without any costs, which allows to increase the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the IRI.

The analysis of the prior art allows us to establish that the analogues and the closest of them are the prototype, characterized by a combination of features that are identical to the features of the proposed method for determining the coordinates of the IRI, are absent and, therefore, the claimed method has the property of novelty.

The study of known solutions in this and related fields of technology in order to identify signs that match the distinctive features of the prototype of the features of the proposed method showed that it does not follow explicitly from the prior art, from which the influence of transformations provided for by the essential features of the claimed invention is also not known, to achieve the specified result, which allows us to consider the claimed object corresponding to the level of patentability "inventive step".

Information sources

1. The collection of materials of continuing education courses for specialists of radio frequency centers of federal districts. Book 2. - SPb .: SPbSUT. 2003.

2. Lipatnikov V.A., Solomatin A.I., Terentyev A.V. Direction finding. Theory and practice. SPb YOU, 2006 - 356 s.

3. Difference-range measuring method of direction finding of a source of radio emission. RF patent №2325666 C2. Authors: Saibel A.G., Sidorov P.A.

4. Diversity differential range finder direction finder. RF patent No. 2382378, C1. Authors: Ivasenko A.V., Saibel A.G., Khokhlov P.Yu.

5. The goniometric-correlation method for estimating the location coordinates of ground-based sources of radio emission. RF patent No. 2458358. Authors: Verb B.C., Gandurin V.A., Kosogor A.A., Merkulov V.I., Milyakov D.A., Teterukov A.G., Chernov B.C.

6. A method for determining the coordinates of a source of radio emission and a radar station for its implementation. RF patent №2217773 Author (s): Belyaev B.G., Golubev G.N., Zhibinov V.A., Kislyakov V.I., Luzhnykh S.N.

7. A method for determining the sources of radio emissions. Patent No. 2285884 C2 Author (s): Luzinov V.A. (RU), Ustinov K.V. (RU)

8. Design and analysis of radio networks. Description and instruction manual. Yaroslavl, 2009.

9. Kulakov Yu.I. Theory of physical structures. M., 2004, 954 pp.

Claims (1)

An on-off method for determining the coordinates of the location of radio emission sources, based on measuring the parameters of the desired source of radio emissions (IRI) at one radio monitoring post (RCP), characterized in that it is used for both digital and analog modes of communication, and the field strength of the desired IRI is measured by the distance of several angular minutes relative to the RCP, set the coordinates of the location n, equal to or more than three, virtual posts (VP), not lying on the same line with it, calculate the field strength in m naturally the location of n VP and RCP created by each of the sources of radio emission of a given frequency range known from the corresponding database of the used RCP, establish a correlation between the field strengths at each of n VP and the field strength at RCP, measure the field strength from the desired IRI on the latter and its magnitude and correlation dependence determine the field strength at the corresponding airspace, calculate n relations of the field strength of the RCP to the field strength of the airspace and make

combinations of posts (combinations of the sum of n VPs with RCP in four) to obtain the same number of Cayley-Menger determinants connecting ten squares of distances between five points in space, representing a combination of four of the sum of n VPs with RCP and the desired IRI, and making it a determinant equal to zero, form by combining the four posts from the RCP and n VP, arbitrarily taking one of the four posts for the current one, and the square of its distance to the IRI for the current unknown, express the squares of the unknown distances of the remaining posts of the four About IRI through the product of the square of the current unknown distance and the square of the ratio of the field strengths of the current post to the field strengths of each post from this four, using Mathcad or Matlab programs or by lowering the dimension of the Cayley-Menger determinant, they solve it relative to the square of the current distance, find the calculated intensity ratios the remaining unknown squares of distances, then they correct the found squares of distances according to the calibration characteristic of the four posts, which is dependent the differences between the calculated and true distances of each of the four posts to the IRI for radio sources close in frequency to the frequency of the desired IRI and known from the corresponding database of the applied RCP as a function of the error in determining the distances, repeat the calculation of distances, alternately assigning other four positions as current, then average the distances from IRI to posts, calculated both for one of the four posts, and for all combinations

posts, make up a system of four equations of spheres with centers in the four posts and solve this system using any of the numerical methods or analytically by calculating the coordinates of the IRI as the radical center of four spheres, taking them for the preliminary coordinates of the location of the desired IRI, repeat all the above calculation procedures for all combinations

posts, average and, only then, are fixed as the final coordinates of the location of the desired IRI.

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