RU2661765C1 - Method of mist diffusion and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions refers to device and method for dispersing fog in controlled area (roads, bridges, open areas for various sports and entertainment events, etc.) where it is necessary to fulfill requirements for transparency of atmosphere at low altitude from earth's surface. Device comprises electrode connected to source of high-voltage supply, installed with clearance relative to ground from the side, which is windward from monitored object. Device is equipped with corona discharge device installed at distance of at least 5 meters from the side windward from electrode along entire territory of monitored facility. Method using this device consists in influencing the mist droplets with electric field generated from side windward from monitored object. Process of influencing fog drops with electric field is preceded by generation of corona discharge in volume of fog passing through region of active electric field.

EFFECT: technical result of group of inventions consists in reducing material consumption of device design that provide dispersion of fog.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of technology designed to disperse fog in a controlled area (roads, bridges, open areas for various sports and entertainment events, etc.), where it is necessary to fulfill the requirements for transparency of the atmosphere at a low height from the surface of the earth.

Known methods for dispersing fogs based on artificial condensation of water vapor by using special substances (reagents). See, for example, patent RU No. 2357404, published June 10, 2009, patent RU No. 2175185, published October 27, 2001, patent RU No. 2061358, published June 10, 1996.

Reagents are delivered and spread in fog or cloudiness from aircraft (see, for example, US patent No. 2815928, IPC A01G 15/00, published December 10, 1957) using missiles (see, for example, USSR copyright certificate No. 576839, IPC A01G 15/00), shells (see, for example, Russian Federation Patent No. 2034444, IPC 6 A01G 15/00, published May 10, 1995). The application of these methods is limited to supercooled fogs (fogs formed under conditions of negative ambient temperatures). Warm mists are stable and do not disperse with reagents.

Known methods of electrical exposure to the aerosol cloud, based on the delivery to the aerosol cloud of corona wires connected to a high voltage source (see, for example, USSR copyright certificate No. 71260, IPC A01G 15/00, published July 31, 1948, US patent No. 3456880, IPC A01G 15/00, published July 22, 1969).

The main disadvantage of the described method and known devices is the need to raise the corona wires to the height of the cloud, which determines the high cost of resources and is not always feasible by weather conditions.

A known method, which consists in blowing air flow formed using technical means, the corona electrodes installed at the surface of the earth.

Technical solutions that implement the known method are a method of causing rain (see USSR author's certificate No. 29675, IPC A01G 15/00, published in 1948), as well as a device for destroying fog (see Germany’s published application No. 4005304, IPC E01H 13/00).

The described method promotes the spread of ionized air, i.e. electrically charged particles upward, thereby accelerating the process of precipitation from clouds or the deposition of fog.

There is a method of dispersing fogs and clouds, which consists in generating electric charges into the atmosphere by connecting corona wires to the high voltage source, fixed through insulators on supports at the surface of the earth, (see "Journal of Geophysical Research", Cambridge, Massachusetts, March 1962, T. 67, pp. 1073-1082). Information about this method is also reflected in the domestic technical literature (see L. G. Kachurin, “Physical Foundations of Impact on Atmospheric Formations,” Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1978, pp. 287-293).

As follows from the above sources of information, the determining factor in the dispersion of fog in the known method is the space charge acting on atmospheric formations.

The known device according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2124288 C1, class. ЕНН 13/00, 12.19.1997, published 10.01.1999, bull. No. 1, which contains wires connected to the current source with a small radius of curvature of the surface, mounted on the insulators of the supports parallel to the conductive grid mounted in a vertical plane passing through the axis of symmetry of the adjacent supports. The corona discharge generated by the corona wires creates an ionic wind that is directed from the corona wires to a grounded grid. A cloud of fog passing through the corona discharge region receives an electric charge and is directed by an ionic wind, as well as by an external wind flow, to an earthed grid. Passing through the cells of the grounded grid, the electrically charged drops of fog are separated from the wind stream and the wind stream cleaned from fog is directed to the area of the space protected from fog. A well-known technical solution provides the separation of droplets of fog from the air flow running onto the protected object. The air stream cleared of drops of fog has good optical transparency and provides the necessary range of visibility. The separation of fog droplets in a known technical solution is carried out in two stages: at the first stage, in the field of corona discharge burning, electric droplets of fog are charged; In the second stage, electrically charged drops are separated on a grounded surface. The efficiency of droplet separation in a known technical solution is determined by the stability of corona discharge combustion, which can be ensured under conditions of high accuracy of the gap of the discharge gap over the entire area of the device, which is a complex technological task and requires significant financial costs.

The closest technical solution to the proposed method and device for dispersing fog is a device for dispersing fog according to the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2616393 RU.

The known method consists in exposing droplets of fog from the windward side of the controlled object to an electric field formed between the cylindrical electrodes connected to the electric power source and the grounded elements coated with porous material with open pores. The known device comprises cylindrical electrodes connected to an electric power source, in the gaps between which grounded elements coated with a porous material with open pores are installed with a gap relative to their surface. The grounded elements are made in the form of a structure that is free to pass through the air flow, and the installation of adjacent electrodes eliminates the overlap of their normal projections onto the grounded elements. In the known method and device, an electric field induces an electric dipole moment on the surface of the droplets of fog, forcing them to move to a grounded surface, pass through a porous material and precipitate in its pores. The air stream cleared of drops of fog is carried out towards the controlled territory. Free from droplets of fog, air displaces fog from the controlled area. Thus, the known method and device efficiently provide fog dispersion over the controlled area at low energy costs. At the same time, the output voltage on the market of high-voltage power supplies is limited, which forces a known method and device to reduce the gap between the electrode and the grounded surface to form an electric field, which ensures an increase in the metal consumption of the structure and limits its practical use, especially for fog protection for long objects perpendicular to the incoming fog, for example, on roads, bridges.

The aim of the proposed invention is to reduce the material consumption of the structure.

To achieve the stated goal, the known device for dispersing fog, containing an electrode connected to a source of high voltage power, installed with a gap relative to the grounded surface on the windward side of the object being monitored, is equipped with a corona discharge device installed at a distance of at least 5 meters from the windward side of the electrode along the entire territory of the controlled facility.

in the known method of dispersing fog, which consists in exposing the droplets of fog to an electric field formed on the windward side of the controlled object, use the device according to claim 1, wherein the process of influencing the droplets of fog with an electric field is preceded by the generation of a corona discharge in the volume of fog passing through area of the acting electric field.

The achievement of the technical result in the present invention is provided due to the fact that in the proposed method and device, the electric field is applied to the mist droplets passing through the corona discharge generation region where they receive an electric charge. The effect of the electric field on electrically charged drops is almost an order of magnitude higher than on electrically neutral drops. In addition, when a corona discharge is generated in the fog volume by a negative potential, the droplets of fog will have a negative charge, and the action of the Earth's electric field will be added to the influence of the electric field from the positively charged electrode. Electrically charged droplets of fog will rise above the controlled object both under the influence of a positively charged electrode and under the influence of the electric field of the Earth. The additional effect of the Earth’s electric field allows the fog to disperse above the controlled object with a high-voltage cable suspended above the earth’s surface and to provide transparency windows of several meters above the controlled object, sufficient, for example, to ensure the movement of vehicles along served highways.

The proposed method involves the formation in a fog window of transparency of a small height, sufficient to ensure the movement of vehicles in fog. The implementation of the proposed method for dispersing fog provides, first of all, analysis of meteorological and orographic conditions in the vicinity of the controlled object, determining the speed and direction of movement of wind flows relative to the controlled object in fog conditions, as well as the required transparency window height, which must be ensured in the controlled territory in fog conditions . Before the start of work to ensure the dispersion of fog along the controlled territory, from the windward side of the controlled object, at a height not less than 1 meter higher than the required height of the estimated transparency window height in the conditions of fog, an electrode is suspended above the Earth’s surface, which can be coated with electrical insulation and made in the form of a high voltage cable. The scheme of the proposed fog dispersion device is shown in Fig. 1. In order to ensure safety and reduce electrical losses from all kinds of leakage currents, high-voltage cable 1 can be installed on high-voltage insulators 2, mounted on poles installed along the entire controlled area 3. On the side windward from high-voltage cable 1, at least 5 meters , along the entire territory of the controlled object, additional supports 4 are installed, on which, on insulators 5 at least 5 meters above the ground, corona electrodes are fixed 6. An arrow marked howl W, indicates the direction of wind flow. The approach of the high-voltage cable 1 to the boundary of the controlled object is selected from the condition of achieving maximum efficiency of fog dispersion over the controlled object. At the same time, the safety conditions for the operation of the high-voltage cable, the need and the possibility of alienating the territory and other conditions taken into account at the stage of the project are also taken into account ..

The implementation of the method is as follows. When fog occurs and there is a risk of leakage into the controlled area, high voltage is applied to the corona electrodes 6 and high-voltage cable 1. A corona discharge is generated in the area of the installed corona electrodes 6, which provides electric charging of the fog droplets passing towards the controlled object. Electrically charged droplets of fog under the influence of the wind flow move towards the controlled object and fall into the space between the high-voltage cable 1 and the ground. Under the influence of an electric field from an electrically charged high-voltage cable 1, electrically charged droplets move under the action of the forces of an electric field on electrically charged drops. And, depending on the sign of the voltage supplied to the high-voltage cable, the electrically charged droplets of fog either move to the surface of the earth or to the surface of the electrically charged high-voltage cable 1. Considering that the Earth has a negative electric charge and an electric field of the Earth of about 100 V acts on the surface of the earth / m more appropriate to use it. For these purposes, it is advisable to apply a negative potential to the corona electrodes 6, and a positive potential to the electrode 1. In this case, the effect of the electric field of the electrode 1 on negatively charged droplets of fog will add up to the action of the electric field of the Earth. Drops of fog that are electrically charged with a negative potential will rise above the earth’s surface by the action of not only the electric field of the electrically charged electrode, but also under the influence of the Earth’s electric field, which will form transparency windows over the controlled object using a simple device with low material consumption.

Thus, the proposed method by using a simple device provides dispersion of fog over the controlled object and forms a transparency window with a height sufficient for the implementation of economic activity height. A device that implements the proposed method practically includes several wires in isolation and with a gap relative to the surface of the Earth installed on the windward side along the controlled object. In contrast to the known design, the design of the proposed technical solution is less material intensive, which will allow us to confirm the achievement of the objectives of the proposed invention.

Claims (2)

1. A device for dispersing fog containing an electrode connected to a source of high voltage power, installed with a clearance relative to the ground from the windward side of the controlled object, characterized in that it is equipped with a corona discharge device installed at a distance of at least 5 meters from the windward side of the electrode along the entire territory of the controlled facility. 2. The method of dispersing fog, which consists in exposing the droplets of fog to an electric field formed on the windward side of the controlled object, characterized in that the device according to claim 1 is used, while the process of influencing the droplets of fog with an electric field is preceded by the generation of a corona discharge in the fog volume passing through the region of an acting electric field.

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