RU2661743C2 - Pixel mapping and printing for micro lens arrays to achieve dual-axis activation of images - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: optics.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to anti-counterfeiting optical systems. Visual display assembly is adapted for use as an anti-counterfeiting device on paper currency, product labels, and other objects. Assembly includes a film of transparent material including a first surface including an array of lenses and a second surface opposite the first surface. Assembly also includes a printed image proximate to the second surface. Printed image includes pixels of frames of one or more images interlaced relative to two orthogonal axes. Lenses of the array are nested in a plurality of parallel rows, and adjacent lenses in columns of the array are aligned to be in a single one of the rows with no offset of lenses in adjacent columns/rows. Lenses may be round-based, square-based, hexagonal or parallelogram lenses.

EFFECT: increased complexity of duplicating or copying the anti-counterfeiting device.

23 cl, 32 dwg

Description

Cross references to related applications

[0001] This application is a partial continuation of patent application (US) No. 14/017,415, filed September 4, 2013, which claims priority on the basis of provisional patent application US No. 61 / 743,485, filed September 5, 2012, both of which applications fully contained in this document by reference.

State of the art

1. The technical field to which the invention relates.

[0002] The present invention relates, in general, to a combination of printed images with lens arrays to display three-dimensional (3D) images with / without movement, and more particularly, to a method for pixel conversion, providing pixel layouts and image formation, which is configured to use with square, rounded, parallelogram or hexagonal microlens arrays to provide improved three-dimensional images with a fuller volume and / or with multidirectional movement.

2. The level of technology

[0003] Currently, there are many applications in which it is desirable to view the printed image through an array of lenses. For example, anti-counterfeiting activities often involve the use of an anti-counterfeit device or element, which consists of an array of lenses and an image printed on the back of the lens array or on a base substrate or surface (e.g., a sheet of paper or plastic). The anti-fake element can be used to display an image that is selected as unique and is an indicator that the element carrying the anti-fake element is not a fake. The anti-counterfeiting market is growing rapidly worldwide, with anti-counterfeiting items being placed on a wide range of items, such as banknotes (e.g., on the surface of a paper note to help prevent copying) and on labels for retail products (e.g. on authentic clothing labels).

[0004] In this regard, moire patterns have been used for years in anti-counterfeiting elements with rounded lens matrices and with hexagonal matrices (or rounded and hexagonal lens matrices). Typically, the printed images provided in the ink layer under these lens arrays are small, high resolution images relative to the size of the lenses. The moire pattern is provided in printed images in the form of a secondary and visually obvious overlay pattern, which is created when two identical patterns on the surface are superimposed when shifted or rotated by a small amount relative to each other.

[0005] In such anti-counterfeiting elements based on moire patterns, some images may be printed at a slightly larger or smaller one-to-one lens size on two axes, and some images may be printed slightly different relative to each other friend. FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary kit 100 that can be used as an anti-counterfeit element using enlarged moire patterns. The kit 100 includes a lens matrix 110 consisting of adjacent parallel columns 112 (or rows) of rounded lenses 114, and it can be seen that the columns 112 are offset from each other (approximately 50 percent) so that the pairs of adjacent lenses 114 in columns are not aligned (for example, the lens in the next column is positioned in the space between the two lenses in the previous column).

[0006] The printed image 120 is provided in the ink layer under the lens array 110 (on the rear flat surface of the lens array 110). A result that is difficult to see in FIG. 1 is an enlarged moire pattern that provides the illusion of depth of field for the viewer through the lenses 112 of the matrix 110 or, in some cases, the feeling that the images are moving (moving or animating the displayed elements). Typically, the thickness of each of the lenses 112 is in the range from 0.5 / 1000 to 5/1000 inches (or from about 12 to 125 microns), and the frequency of these lenses 112 in the matrix 110 is from about 400x400 to more than 1000x1000 per inch.

[0007] Although it is useful for reducing fakes, the use of moire patterns with magnifying matrices of rounded lenses is not entirely satisfactory for the market for protection against fakes. One reason is that the effects that can be achieved with moire patterns are limited. For example, you cannot photograph and display a three-dimensional effect with a moire pattern. Typically, moire patterns are used in the security and / or counterfeiting industry for very high resolution lenses with focal lengths of approximately 20-75 microns and frequencies of more than 500 lenses per inch on one axis or more than 250,000 lenses per square inch. As a result, the images underlying the lenses in the lens array are typically printed at least 12,000 DPI (dots per inch) and can even be provided at more than 25,000 DPI. These microlens arrays are generally tightly embedded as shown in element 200 with an array 210 in FIG. 2. The matrix 210 uses hexagonal lenses, which are provided in offset and overlapping columns 212 (for example, adjacent lenses 214 are not aligned in a row and are positioned to fill or fit into the space between two lenses of adjacent columns 212) in order to focus and zoom image or drawing of 220 moire in the base ink layer.

[0008] One problem or difficulty when using such a matrix 210 and images 220 is that the element 200 is relatively easy to decompile into source codes, which limits its applicability as an anti-counterfeit element. In particular, the patterns 220 underlying the lenses 214 can be visible using an inexpensive and easily accessible microscope, which allows the frequency of images and patterns to be determined. In addition, the lenses 214 can be molded and re-molded, which leaves the printing of identified images as the only obstacle to the successful copying of the element 200 (and then forging a banknote or label for the product). Unfortunately, printing images 220 is becoming easier with high-resolution lasers and photocomposition machines and other improvements in printing technology. Typically, for element 200, microlenses are printed using embossing and embossing technology that limits printing to one color due to the fact that the process tends to be self-soiling after one color, and also because the process is difficult to control from a relative step between colors during printing based on embossing and filling.

[0009] Therefore, there remains a need for improvements in the design and manufacture of kits or elements that combine a lens array with a printed image (ink layer containing images / drawings) to display images. Such improvements may enable the manufacture of new anti-counterfeit devices or items for use with banknotes, labels, credit / debit cards and other items, and these anti-counterfeit devices should preferably be much more difficult (if not practically impossible) to duplicate or copy. Additionally, there is a growing demand for such anti-fake devices to provide unexpected functions or instant attractiveness for displayed images, such as images that move freely above and / or below the focal plane (for example, more plausible three-dimensional displays).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0010] In short, the inventors have found that it may be advantageous to provide various lens embeddings in the matrix, which can then be combined with an image having a biaxial interlaced scan. For example, the lenses can be round or square lenses that have centers aligned so that the matrix consists of parallel rows and columns of lenses (for example, without adjacent lenses offset from each other, as can be seen in the matrices of Fig. 1 and 2 ) The image is printed from a print file formed from a matrix of image frames taken from a plurality of viewpoints (POV) along the first axis (X axis) and also along the second axis (Y axis). The frames are interlaced in both directions to provide pixel conversion to matrix lenses.

[0011] More specifically, a video display kit is provided that is applicable as a counterfeit device for paper money, product labels, and other objects. The kit includes a film of transparent material including a first surface including a lens array and a second surface opposite the first surface. The kit also includes a printed image near the second surface. A printed image includes frame pixels of one or more images that are interlaced relative to two orthogonal axes (printed from a file generated using biaxial interlaced rather than single-axis interlaced, as in traditional lenticular printing). Matrix lenses are nested in a variety of parallel rows, and adjacent lenses in the matrix columns can be combined in such a way that they are on one of the rows (for example, the lack of displacement of adjacent lenses may be useful in some cases).

[0012] To provide a lens array, the lenses may be rounded lenses, square or hexagonal lenses. Matrix lenses are provided at 200 LPI (or higher LPI), measured along both of the two orthogonal axes. Lenses may have a focal length of less than 10/1000 inches. In some embodiments, the frames include a different viewpoint (POV) of one or more images. In such cases, the frames include images of at least three POVs along the first of two orthogonal axes, and the frames further include images of at least two additional POVs corresponding to each of the three POVs along the second of two orthogonal axes.

[0013] In the kit, the printed image can be adapted so that the image displayed from the normal POV includes the first character set and the second character set, and in the image displayed when the kit rotates from the normal POV around the first axis, the first and the second character sets move in opposite directions. Additionally, the printed image can be adapted in such a way that, in the displayed image, when the set rotates from the normal POV about the second axis orthogonal to the first axis, the first and second symbols move in the same direction, which is orthogonal to the second axis.

[0014] In other sets, the printed image can be adapted so that the image displayed from the normal POV includes a first set of characters and a second set of characters, and in the image displayed when the set rotates from the normal POV around the first axis, the first and second character sets can move in the same direction, which is parallel to the first axis of the kit. In such kit implementations, the printed image is adapted so that in the image displayed when the kit rotates from the normal POV about a second axis orthogonal to the first axis, the first and second symbols move in one direction that is parallel to the second axis.

[0015] Another visual effect is achieved in other embodiments of the kit. In particular, the printed image may include a wallpaper pattern (for example, with icons, logos and other symbols) and an overlay pattern. The printed image may then include transformed pixels such that the wallpaper pattern is visible from the plurality of POVs (when the set rotates / tilts with different angles with respect to the line of sight of the viewer), and the overlay pattern has a range of different visibility for the plurality of POVs. For example, different visibility may include an overlay that is invisible (or only weakly visible) to the viewer along the normal POV of the kit, while rotating or tilting the kit in a direction farther from normal (in any direction in some cases) leads to an increase in darkness or brightness overlay pattern until it becomes completely visible (either as dark or bright in color as it can be, for example, at some more extreme angle relative to the normal, such as an angle in the range of 45-60 degrees, etc.).

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0016] FIG. 1 is a top view of a kit used as an element or device for protection against fakes with a lens matrix consisting of adjacent and vertically offset columns of rounded lenses (for example, lenses do not fit in linear rows in the matrix) superimposed on a printed moire pattern;

[0017] FIG. 2 is a plan view similar to that of FIG. 1, showing a kit used as an anti-counterfeit element or device with a lens matrix consisting of adjacent and vertically displaced columns of hexagonal lenses (for example, the lenses do not fit in linear rows and are tightly embedded in an adjacent contact) superimposed on a printed pattern moire;

[0018] FIG. 3A and 3B illustrate a top and sectional view along line 3B-3B, respectively, of an element such as a paper bill or product label with a counterfeit device based on a rounded lens matrix;

[0019] FIG. 4A and 4B illustrate a top and sectional view along line 4B-4B, respectively, of an element, such as paper money or a label with a device or anti-counterfeit element provided on a surface that is based on a square lens array;

[0020] FIG. 5 shows a process for acquiring frames or images associated with different viewpoints for a scene along a horizontal axis or X axis;

[0021] FIG. 6 shows a process for acquiring frames or images associated with different viewpoints for the scene of FIG. 5 along a vertical axis or Y axis;

[0022] FIG. 7 illustrates a larger set of frames or images obtained by providing different scene viewpoints at each point along the X axis (or Y axis), for example, several sets of frames to provide height;

[0023] FIG. 8 illustrates an image provided by an exemplary interlaced file for a single row of a matrix of frame files associated with multiple viewpoints (eg, vertically combined file);

[0024] FIG. 9 illustrates an image provided by a combination print file (either a bi-directional interlaced file or a combination file on the X and Y axis) for use with the lens matrix of the present description;

[0025] FIG. 10 illustrates a parallel comparison of an image of an original combined print file and an image of a combined print file adjustable (enlarged) as explained in the description;

[0026] FIG. 11 and 12 illustrate views of two exemplary kits viewed from different POVs, the kit being useful as anti-counterfeiting devices for banknotes and the like, which are configured with a lens matrix and a printed image to provide different moving effects;

[0027] FIG. 13 illustrates a certain number of views of another exemplary set of lenses / printed images (ink layer) (or anti-counterfeiting device) from a certain number of different POVs;

[0028] FIG. 14 illustrates a normal (or orthogonal / top) view and left and right views tilted by another set of lenses / prints (anti-fake devices);

[0029] FIG. 15 illustrates a kit (for example, a label-shaped anti-fake device) comprising a microlens array provided over an ink layer comprising a biaxial interlaced image kit as described herein;

[0030] FIG. 16 is a functional block diagram or schematic view of a system for use in the manufacture of anti-counterfeiting devices or lens / print sets of the present description;

[0031] FIG. 17 illustrates a flowchart of a pixel adjustment method 0a according to the present description, which may be implemented with the system of FIG. 16;

[0032] FIG. 18 provides a schematic view and a print file (pixel transform) showing the process of providing biaxial interlaced frames with images in order to achieve the visual effects described herein;

[0033] FIG. 19-21 are graphs showing ray tracing for kits of the present description, for example, for a lens array combined with a two-axis interlaced image;

[0034] FIG. 22 is a graph of off-axis ray tracing;

[0035] FIG. 23 is a point diagram corresponding to the off-axis analysis of FIG. 22;

[0036] FIG. 24 and 25 are two additional dot plots or diagrams for a rounded lens (or spherical lens);

[0037] FIG. 26 is a ray tracing graph for the lens associated with the graphs of FIG. 24 and 25;

[0038] FIG. 27-29 illustrate, similarly to FIG. 11 and 12, other exemplary kits viewed from different POVs, the kits being useful as anti-counterfeiting devices for banknotes or other objects that are configured with a lens matrix and a printed image to provide different moving effects (biaxial activation);

[0039] FIG. 30 illustrates another kit that can be used as a counterfeit device with a background image pushed away from foreground images in all POVs;

[0040] FIG. 31 illustrates the top of an element, such as a paper bill or product label with a counterfeit device, based on a matrix of hexagonal lenses (or a matrix of hexagonal lenses in an attached figure); and

[0041] FIG. 32 illustrates the top of an element, such as a paper bill or product label, with a counterfeit device based on a matrix of rounded or round lenses (or a matrix of rounded lenses in the attached figure).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0042] Briefly, the present description is directed to design solutions for sets of lens arrays combined with printed images provided in the ink layer. Kits can be used, for example, but not as a limitation, as elements or devices for protection against counterfeiting. The lens arrays are different from the lens arrays shown in FIG. 1 and 2, in part, since the lenses are arranged in columns that do not move vertically, so that the lenses are provided in parallel columns as well as in parallel rows (for example, pairs of adjacent lenses in adjacent columns are aligned, and their central axes are collinear). The lenses can be rounded, square, parallelogram or hexagonal lenses, and the main image has pixels transformed and positioned so that the microlens arrays form a three-dimensional displayed image with full volume and, in some cases, with multidirectional movement or animation.

[0043] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3A and 3B, an element 300 (such as a paper bill, a product label, and the like) comprises an anti-counterfeit element or device in the form of a lens matrix 310 (rounded lens matrix) covering or provided over an ink layer 320 providing printed image. As shown, the element 300 includes a substrate or body 305, such as a sheet of paper or plastic (for example, paper to be used as banknotes, or paper / plastic to be used to label the product). On the surface 307 of the substrate / body 305, an image is printed through the ink layer 320, and the lens matrix 310 is provided on the open surface of the ink layer 320 (for example, the ink layer 320 and its pattern / image can be printed on the surface of the substrate 307 or on the back surface of the lens matrix 310 )

[0044] As shown, the lens matrix 310 consists of a plurality of lenses 314 that have a rounded base 317 adjacent to the surface 321 of the ink layer 320 and have a domed cross-section, as seen in FIG. 3B. Rounded lenses or rounded lenses 314 are placed in a certain number of columns 312 that are parallel, as shown by parallel vertical axes 313 or Y axes (axes passing through the center of the lens 314 in columns 312) in FIG. 3A. Additionally, the lenses 314 are arranged such that the pairs of lenses 314 in adjacent columns 312 are in contact with or adjacent to at least the bases 317 (as seen in FIGS. 3A and 3B). Still further, columns 312 are not offset vertically, as seen in matrices 110, 210 of FIG. 1 and 2, so that the pairs of adjacent lenses 314 are aligned in rows, as can be seen by parallel horizontal axes 315 or X axes passing through the centers of the lenses 314 in the matrix 310 (for example, the lenses 314 of the matrix 310 are vertically and horizontally aligned due to the particular attachment shown in Fig. 3A).

[0045] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4A and 4B, the element 400 (such as a paper bill, product label, etc.) comprises an anti-counterfeit element or device in the form of a lens array 410 (e.g., a square lens array) covering or provided over the ink layer 420 providing a printed image. As shown, element 400 includes a backing or body 405, such as a sheet of paper or plastic (for example, paper that should be used as banknotes, or paper / plastic that should be used to label the product). On the surface 407 of the substrate / body 405, an image is printed through the ink layer 420, and the lens matrix 410 is provided on the open surface of the ink layer 420 (for example, the ink layer 420 and its pattern / image can be printed on the surface of the substrate 407 or on the back surface of the lens matrix 410 )

[0046] As shown, the lens matrix 410 consists of a plurality of lenses 414 that have a square base 417 adjacent to the surface 421 of the ink layer 420 and can have a domed cross section, as seen in FIG. 4B. Quadrangular lenses or square lenses 414 are arranged in a certain number of columns 412 that are parallel, as shown by parallel vertical axes 413 or Y axes (axes passing through the center of the lenses 414 in columns 412) in FIG. 4A. Additionally, the lenses 414 are arranged such that the pairs of lenses 414 in adjacent columns 412 are in contact with or adjacent to at least the bases 417 (as seen in FIGS. 4A and 4B). Still further, columns 412 are not offset vertically, as seen in matrices 110, 210 of FIG. 1 and 2, so that the pairs of adjacent lenses 414 are aligned in rows, as can be seen by parallel horizontal axes 415 or X axes passing through the centers of the lenses 414 in the matrix 410 (for example, the lenses 414 of the matrix 410 are vertically and horizontally aligned due to the illustrated insertion of the lenses 414 )

[0047] In lens matrices 310, 410, lenses can be provided at a frequency of only 150 lenses per linear inch on the X and Y axes, or up to about 4000 lenses per linear inch on each of the X and Y axes. Note that the lenses are nested as shown in FIG. 3A and 4A, so that minimal interference from adjacent or adjacent lenses occurs when the image in the ink layers 320, 420 is viewed by the viewer of the elements 300, 400. The stacked square and rounded lenses 414, 314 can be used to support the interlacing process, described herein to provide an image / pattern in the ink layer 320, 420. In some cases, square lenses 414 may be preferred since they form a more complete or fully filled image.

[0048] Ink layers 320, 420 are adapted or designed for use with lens arrays 310, 410 to provide full three-dimensional display images with / without multidirectional movement or animation. In particular, the images form interlaced, similar to lenticular images, on the X-axis, and then on the Y-axis, in order to create full-sized interlaced 3D images. The lenses 314, 414 have a point focus for the viewer, and the resulting image (the displayed image from the light reflected from the ink layers 320, 420 through the lens arrays 310, 410) viewed by the viewer is a three-dimensional image in all directions, regardless of the viewpoint of the viewer.

[0049] At this point, it may be useful to compare and distinguish effects that can be produced in a pixel transform arrangement in the ink layers 320, 420 combined with the lens arrays 310, 410, relative to a traditional kit based on moire patterns (see kits, shown in Fig. 1 and 2) with the following list of effects: (1) free movement is provided by moire and pixel transform as described herein; (2) the height of free movement is limited to 100 percent with moire patterns, while free movement of 150 percent can be achieved using pixel-based embodiments; (3) unidirectional traffic is provided through both technologies; (4) enable / disable is available / achievable only when using pixel transform technologies; (5) animation is also available only when using pixel transform based embodiments; (6) scaling cannot be provided using moire patterns, but may include pixel transform; (7) a true three-dimensional effect is provided only when using the pixel transform embodiments described herein; (8) moving in opposite directions is also achievable only when using embodiments based on the pixel transform of the present description; (9) one image up / to one side is another effect available only using pixel transform embodiments; and (10) a full three-dimensional effect is only available through the use of lens matrices and pixel transform, discussed in this document. As a result of some or all of these effects or aspects of the two technologies, anti-fake devices based on moire patterns can easily be decompiled into source codes, while anti-fake devices based on pixel conversion are impossible or almost impossible to decompile to source codes.

[0050] After a general understanding of the lens matrices and the clarity of their configurations, it may be useful to explain the pixel layout, image formation, and transformation for round and square lenses (for example, a design solution for the ink layers of the kits shown in FIGS. 3A-4B). Traditional lenticular printing (interlaced printing for use with lenticular lens arrays) uses a certain number of files that are created from different viewpoints (or viewpoints) to produce a three-dimensional effect. For example, a viewpoint in one plane moves left and right to create the next viewpoint. Traditional lenticular printing also uses various frames from a sequence of images to create some movement or animation or other visual effects. After formation, the set of frames or files is combined into an interlaced file, which is then printed on the back of the lenticular lens matrix or on a substrate on which the lenticular lens matrix can be applied. The process in order to create the final file from the source frames is called "interlaced scanning" (for example, the process of dividing into strips and placing printed information with this step, so that it is consistent with a specific matrix of lenticular lenses).

[0051] The interlacing in the traditional lenticular material has only one direction, and the interlacing depends on the direction of the lens, so that the division into strips is horizontal or vertical. This process combines frames in such a way that the observer can see the effective action either horizontally or vertically (but not horizontally and vertically) according to the direction of the lens. FIG. 5 illustrates a process 500 in which a set of files of a single image or scene 540 viewed from three different viewpoints 510, 520 and 530 (e.g., -45 degrees, orthogonal and +45 degrees, etc.) is obtained for use in print. Viewpoints 510, 520 and 530 are views of an identical scene along the horizontal axis or X axis. The frames or viewpoints 510, 520, 530 resulting from the viewpoints are slightly different and then combined in the process of interlacing. When this interlaced image frame is combined with a sheet of lenticular material and viewed, the frame may form a depth perception or a three-dimensional effect.

[0052] As shown in FIG. 3A-4D, round and square lenses can be used in a printed image lens array, and these lenses allow effects to operate in two directions in parallel, for example, in horizontal and vertical directions simultaneously. The fact that visual effects are created in all directions also requires the provision of a more complete set of frames or views from an identical scene in a printed image (or ink layer) used in matrices of rounded or square lenses. By virtue of this awareness by the inventors, the inventors have developed a new process (described below) for interlacing (or, more precisely, converting, placing and forming pixel images) of these sets of frames from one scene.

[0053] For example, arrays of round, hexagonal, parallelogram or rounded lenses (unlike cylindrical lenses or oblong lenticles) allow you to have not only one set of viewpoints, as shown in FIG. 5, which may be applicable to traditional lenticular lenses, but also have different sets of viewpoints from different heights (either along the vertical axis or the Y axis). FIG. 6 shows a process 600 for obtaining additional frames or views from a scene 640 (which may be identical to the scene / image 540). As shown, frames 610, 620, 630 from three different viewpoints (for example, +45 degrees relative to orthogonal to the Y axis, orthogonal to Y axis and -45 degrees relative to Y axis, etc.) are obtained from the image 640 of one scene .

[0054] However, one of the main differences between the current process described and traditional lenticular printing is the fact that now two or more sets of viewpoints or frames corresponding to such viewpoints are combined in an image file for printing. In other words, interlacing is performed for viewpoints along the vertical and along the horizontal axis. This means that instead of interlacing one sequence of frames, the new process of forming interlaced scanning (or the process of generating a print file) involves the intelligent transformation of a frame matrix corresponding to different viewpoints along the X and Y axes. In the present example, as shown in the diagram 700 of FIG. 7, three sets 710, 720, 730 are provided that comprise three frames 712, 714, 716, 722, 724, 726, 732, 734, 736. This can be considered as selecting each viewpoint along the horizontal axis or X axis (as shown in Fig. 5) and then the formation of two additional viewpoints along the vertical axis or Y axis for one scene (as shown in Fig. 6) (or vice versa).

[0055] FIG. 5-7 provide a simple example, but many other numbers of viewpoints can be used. For example, traditional lenticular printing may involve the use of 10 frames corresponding to 10 points of various kinds along the X axis (or Y axis). On the contrary, the current described process of forming interlaced scanning or printing images should contain 10 sets of 10 frames, so the total number of frames provides a matrix of 100 frames. According to the present description, the process of forming an interlaced scan or printing then involves transforming and forming images of each of the 100 frames in separate pixels.

[0056] At this point, it may be useful to describe in more detail the conversion and generation of pixel images along the X and Y axis to obtain an image file that can be printed for use with one of the lens arrays described herein (for example, for use on banknotes or product label as part of a counterfeit device). The frame file matrix (for example, the frame file matrix 700 of FIG. 7) is preferably combined to form a file for printing, and which, when printed and used with a predefined / specific lens matrix, can produce the desired visual effect. For example, if it is supposed to use six frames for each set of frames (instead of three, as shown in sets 710, 720, 730 in Fig. 7), the frame matrix should be as follows (the frame number provides the set number and the frame in this set):

Frame 11 Frame 12 Frame 13 Frame 14 Frame 15 Frame 16 Frame 21 Frame 22 Frame 23 Frame 24 Frame 25 Frame 26 Frame 31 Frame 32 Frame 33 Frame 34 Frame 35 Frame 36 Frame 41 Frame 42 Frame 43 Frame 44 Frame 45 Frame 46 Frame 51 Frame 52 Frame 53 Frame 54 Frame 55 Frame 56 Frame 61 Frame 62 Frame 63 Frame 64 Frame 65 Frame 66

[0057] The first step in converting / forming images may be to combine each row of frames from a matrix (for example, as if vertical lenses were used). Thus, a sequence of combined pixels is made on the X axis from an identical scene, but from slightly different heights or viewpoints (from the Y axis). For example, combining can begin by interlacing six frames from the first row of the matrix, interlacing six frames from the second row, etc. until an interlaced file is provided for each row of the matrix of frame files (scene images from different viewpoints). It may be useful to name the image sequences in a sequence from top to bottom of the matrix, and the first interlaced file may be “IF 01,” which is the result of the first line, etc., until the sixth interlaced file is provided “ IF 06 "from the sixth row for the exemplary (but not limiting) matrix provided above. FIG. 8 illustrates an image 800 using images from the matrix 700 of FIG. 7 for one of the rows of the matrix. The resulting file providing image 800 is a combination of slices 810 from each frame on a particular line (strip 810 or slices of interlaced images).

[0058] The second step in converting / forming images is to combine these vertically combined files (X axis) into one final file, which should be used in printing. Information that is useful or even necessary is one horizontal slice in order to simultaneously or simultaneously create an effect in the other direction. The second conversion process (horizontal) is performed, but this time using the previously generated vertical pixel files as input to create bidirectional (along the X and Y axis) frames.

[0059] In this second step, it is desirable if: (1) the pixels in the files are vertically combined into the identical sequence previously specified; (2) files are re-formed with horizontal information in accordance with the pixel map and therefore in order to create a print file; and (3) the result is a bi-directional pixel map with all three-dimensional information or motion information in both directions, which means that instead of having stripes or slices, the final file has squares with data from the matrix placed in a way that is similar to frames in matrix. Regarding this third element, it is important to note that when combined with rounded, hexagonal, parallelogram or square matrix lenses, an image printed from this file provides the ability to reach / display any viewpoint for the viewer and provides the ability to represent movement in any direction.

[0060] FIG. 9 illustrates an image 900 that can be printed for use with a matrix of rounded, hexagonal, parallelogram, or square lenses from a final print file output from this second image conversion / imaging step. In this final linear image 900, you can see interlaced in the vertical direction with slices / stripes 912, as well as in the horizontal direction with slices / stripes 914. An exploded and / or enlarged portion 910 is useful for displaying this bi-directional interlace, as well as for showing “square” composition (see, for example, square 916) of this final printed file (two-axis combined file).

[0061] Conversion and imaging can also be performed using both the X-axis and the Y-axis to achieve a moving effect. In traditional lenticular printing, the idea is to get a loop in an interlaced printable image with a sequence of frames that describes or provides motion. This “loop" principle is also applicable to the printing described herein, but furthermore, a frame matrix is processed for round, hexagonal, parallelogram or square lenses (or other lens arrays). In order to obtain a loop sequence in all directions, the matrix should typically be placed in such a way that the loop sequence is viewed in each row, as well as in each line / column of the matrix at the same time. For example, if the input for printing is a sequence of six frames, a 6x6 matrix of frames can be placed as follows:

Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 6 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 1 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 4 Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3

[0062] The arrangement provided in this matrix allows, when used to create a printed image, to see a loop (through a matrix of round or square lenses) in both directions (along the X and Y axis). A printed image can also produce very little distortion by providing each row and each column so that they do not match slightly with respect to other nearby rows and columns. The process for generating interlaced scanning based on this matrix should then be identical to the process described above in order to obtain or generate a final file with interlaced scanning (also sometimes called a pixel file along the X and Y axis).

[0063] In order to create a high-quality image in microlens-based printing (printing for use with the lens arrays shown in this document), the optical pitch of the lens must be precisely matched to a device for making printing plates, producing proof prints or two-axis digital output. In other words, the number of frames on the X-axis and on the Y-axis, multiplied by the number of lenses, must be equal to (exactly equal in some cases) DPI (dots per inch) of the output device optical pitch of the lenses. The exact number of LPI lenses, which is obvious from the sheet structure of the lens matrix material, is what is called a mechanical pitch, but depending on the viewing distance, these lenticles focus at a different frequency, which means that when the number of lines per inch of a certain frame is combined There is no agreement with the number of lenticles per inch. Consequently, a calibration process can be used (called a step test) to better determine the exact number of lines per inch that are focused in this particular lens sheet or film at a given distance and for a particular printing device.

[0064] In other words, the number of frames on the X axis times the number of lenses (optical pitch) should be equal to the resolution of the output device (this should also be true for the Y axis). One difficulty is that the DPI formed during printing, even with careful calculations, may not be consistent with the optical pitch of the printing lens. This may be due to a distortion in the processing of rolls or sheets and / or a typical decrease or increase and distortion in the manufacture of the film. Even if the film is made in such a way that it exactly matches the optical pitch of the output device, the pitch can vary significantly as the film is printed due to cylindrical distortion, which is standard in all printing processes (e.g. flexography, gravure printing, offset printing) , letterpress, holography, technology based on embossing and filling, etc.). In addition, the distortion may be large in the re-direction of the roll or sheet around the cylinder.

[0065] In the past, adjusting the file so as to match the target step and DPI is performed in traditional linear lenticular optics using software tools such as Adobe PhotoShop and the like, and this process works well in a linear lens that can be used in a relatively directional lens matrix. However, in the microlens used in the matrices explained here (for example, in lenses provided with more than 200 LPI in any direction), the results using these traditional software tools or by simply enabling RIP in an image pickup machine on a printed form, regulation is unsatisfactory because serious quality problems can arise. These quality problems can arise, because an attempt to coordinate the resolution during operation in some cases often creates a damaged file in which the image slices do not remain exactly in their channels relative to the lens matrix.

[0066] On the other hand, this problem does not occur when using a matrix of thick lenses, but this problem should be solved when using a matrix of microlenses, as discussed herein, since otherwise the image may become dirty, or the printed image may not work with the ability to achieve the desired three-dimensional or moving effects due to the mixing of rays in the channels for the viewer. Such results are often due to uneven image slices and file interpolation in the process. When analyzing files microscopically after adjustments made using RIP or other traditional graphics programs are used, it can be seen that the interlaced slices are no longer uniform. Therefore, the images are mixed relative to the focus of the lens (for example, one image can be mixed with another image (image 2 is mixed with image 4, etc.), which significantly reduces the quality of the image provided or viewed by the viewer). Therefore, if we consider this problem or complexity in the context of dual full-volume interlaced scanning along the X-axis and Y-axis, the problem / complexity becomes much more complex, and the output can be especially unreliable, so that the displayed image is not pleasant or even understandable to the viewer.

[0067] In some cases, the desired optical step may fall within a certain range of the target (for example, within 3 percent of the target). In these cases, devices (for example, Kodak's VMR (Variable Resolution Basic Scanning), etc.) can be used to adjust files to the exact number. However, since this process only works on one axis, it is not very useful for interlacing on the X axis and on the Y axis or full-volume interlacing, as explained in this document. To ensure proper formation and adjustment of images to print the film in almost any state, the inventors found that the step must be precisely controlled using other technologies / tools, so that the output device can work with parental resolution on both axes without negative impact on the integrity images are interlaced along the X and Y axes. The channels on both axes preferably remain exactly as planned in the file relative to the target optical one step lens. Alternatively, the file may be “scaled” to the target number by interlacing the file on both axes at the nearest integer. Such scaling can be performed above or below the target optical step, which leads to DPI above or below the target DPI. Manually or through automated software, pixels can be added or subtracted from the entire image of the file.

[0068] It has been indicated above that the number of frames used in the composite image times the optical step should be equal to the exact resolution of the output device in both directions. You can write this as follows: NFxOP = DOR, where NF is the number of frames, OP is the optical step, and DOR is the output resolution of the device. One typical case in this regard is that despite the fact that the number of frames can be selected, the number of frames must be an integer. Additionally, the number of lenses per inch may vary from time to time due to a batch of lens products and printing conditions. As a result, one option for making the above equation work properly is to combine the images by selecting an integer number of frames and an optical step (even if not required) that is close enough to get the exact resolution of the device output. Then the correction can be performed in the file so that the step is adjusted without changing the resolution.

[0069] Due to the complexity of this process, it may be useful to describe an example (but not limiting) process of how these technologies can be successfully implemented to provide a printed image for use with the lens matrix of the present description. For example, a 2400 DPI output device can be used to print a combination file on the X-axis and Y-axis, and the printed image is intended for use with a 240 LPI (mechanical) lens, which has an optical pitch of 239.53. This means that it is advisable to combine 10 frames at 240 LPI to get the 2,400 DPI needed for the kit (for example, anti-fake devices). Thus, the presented complexity lies in how to adjust an interlaced image at 240 LPI to 239.53 without modifying the file size and losing pixel integrity or changing resolution.

[0070] In order to carry out this adjustment, it may be useful to increase the file size, for example, by 0.196 percent (ie, from 240.0 divided by 239.53) while maintaining the same pixel size. To this end, a calculated number of columns of pixels that are in exact positions over the entire width of the file can be inserted. In this particular example, if the file is 1 inch wide, the file has a total of 2400 pixels. Additionally, according to this example, it is required to insert 5 (4.7, rounded upwards to 5) pixels in order to reduce the number of LPI with interlaced scanning while maintaining the same resolution or pixel size. A software procedure (or smart algorithm) may be implemented in a computer system (for example, software or code stored in a memory device may be executed by a processor computer to instruct the computer to perform the described functions for an image file stored in the memory device or accessible by the processor / computer), which is configured to select the right places to add or clone pixels or to retrieve e the number of columns of pixels without image distortion.

[0071] FIG. 10 provides a parallel comparison 1000 showing an image 1010 provided by an original combined (or biaxial) print file, and an image 1020 provided by an identical print file after adjustment. The regulation, in this example, represents a 0.7 percent increase through Adobe PhotoShop. Comparison of 1000 images shows how simple step control can disrupt pixel integrity when using only single-axis or other conventional size control technology. As should be understood from FIG. 10, the image 1020 after adjustment is no longer untouched, and the focus of the matrix lenses with a high probability should result in a blurry image or image that simply does not contain the desired or desired visual effects (for example, a three-dimensional effect in two directions or movement). Regulation, which includes an increase using a single axis, or automatic regulation through RIP is made with the possibility of inconsistently mixing the images viewed by the viewer.

[0072] For example, ray mixing for the viewer occurs when images of the matrices described above are reproduced or adjusted using Adobe PhotoShop or other automatic processes. This is because the pixels are no longer uniform on both axes. Consequently, matrix lenses (e.g., round or square lenses) focus on inconsistent numbers, and the beams mix for the audience. Instead of receiving all the numbers "3" by the viewer, the viewer can receive information under the numbers "1" and "4", etc. at the same time. The result of viewing or the displayed image is of poor quality. The height and width of the pixels is no longer the uniform exact height and width required in order to achieve a good result, since each pixel can vary in the printed image. The result is that the lenses focus on different images (and not on specific targeted pixels), and the image is no longer untouched and, in many cases, cannot even be viewed.

[0073] FIG. 11 and 12 illustrate two exemplary kits useful as anti-counterfeiting devices for banknotes and the like, which are configured with a lens array and a printed image to provide different moving effects. In particular, the circuit kits 1100 and 1200 in FIG. 11 and 12 are useful for showing how arrays of rounded, hexagonal, parallelogram, or square lenses, when combined with a biaxial interlaced / combined printed image described herein, can be effectively used to provide selected moving effects. Partly due to the complex interlacing processes that provide pixel conversion, the kits shown in FIG. 11 and 12, in particular, are applicable as anti-counterfeiting devices (which can be applied to banknotes, product labels and other objects / elements), since they are very difficult to reproduce.

[0074] In the circuits 1100 of FIG. 11, a top view 1110 or an orthogonal view of a lens / image set as shown herein is shown. The viewer has the ability to observe or view the original image with rows of two different icons, all icons being stationary or fixed. In the diagram or view 1120, the set is tilted or positioned at an angle to the right (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc.), and interlaced scanning of the frame matrix (a set of different viewpoints (POV) of the original image shown in 1110, such as a matrix similar to the matrix shown in Fig. 7) is configured to cause the rows of different icons to move in opposite directions. For example, lines with lock icons move to the right, while company logos / icons move to the left. On the contrary, in the diagram or view 1122, the set is tilted or positioned at an angle to the left (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc.), and the interlaced scanning of the frame matrix is made with the ability to make the lines of different icons again move in opposite directions. For example, lock icon strings can move to the left, while company logos / icons move to the right in parallel. In other words, the printed image is configured to provide animation of the original image when the lens / printed image (or ink layer) is viewed from different angles or viewing points (for example, the kit or anti-counterfeiting device shown in 1110 is rotated around the first or vertical axis).

[0075] It is important that a lens array kit with an ink layer providing a biaxial interlaced image provides animation or movement in more than one direction. In the diagram or view 1124, the set is tilted or positioned at an upward angle (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc. by turning around the second or horizontal axis of the set), and interlaced scanning of the frame matrix (a set of different viewpoints (POV) the original image shown in 1110, such as a matrix similar to the matrix shown in Fig. 7) is configured to make the rows of different icons move in the same direction (for example, all move up). On the contrary, in the diagram or view 1126, the set is tilted or located at an angle downward (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc. around the horizontal axis of the set), and the interlaced scanning of the frame matrix is capable of forcing the rows of different icons to move again to one direction (for example, all move down). In other words, the printed image is configured to provide animation of the original image when the lens / printed image (or ink layer) is viewed from different angles or viewing points (for example, the kit or anti-counterfeiting device shown in 1110 is rotated around the second or horizontal axis).

[0076] In the diagrams or views 1200 of FIG. 12, a top view 1210 or an orthogonal view of a lens / image set as shown herein is shown. The viewer has the ability to observe or view the original image with rows of two different icons, all icons being stationary or fixed. In the diagram or view 1220, the set is tilted or located at an angle to the right (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc.), and interlaced scanning of the frame matrix (a set of different viewpoints (POV) of the original image shown in the form 1210, such as a matrix similar to the matrix shown in Fig. 7) is configured to cause the rows of different icons to move in one direction (and not in opposite directions, as shown in 1120 of Fig. 11). For example, lines with padlocks and company logos / badges move down when the kit (or anti-counterfeit device) tilts to the right. On the contrary, in the diagram or view 1222, the set is tilted or located at an angle to the left (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc.), and the interlaced scanning of the frame matrix is made with the ability to make the rows of different icons move in the same direction again, to For example, up. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the printed image is configured to provide animation of the original image when the lens / printed image (or ink layer) is viewed from different angles or viewing points (for example, the kit or anti-counterfeit device shown in 1210 is rotated around the first or vertical axis). Animation, as shown, can be carried out in a direction that is transverse with respect to the directions of rotation.

[0077] It is important that, as explained with respect to FIG. 11, a lens array kit with an ink layer providing a biaxial interlaced image provides animation or movement in more than one direction. In the diagram or view 1224, the set is tilted or positioned at an angle up (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc. by turning around the second or horizontal axis of the set), and interlaced scanning of the frame matrix (a set of different viewpoints (POV) the original image shown in the form 1210, such as a matrix similar to the matrix shown in Fig. 7) is configured to cause the rows of different icons to move in the same direction, but in a direction that differs from the direction that is adjustable during Pull the left or right (for example, all move or scroll right). On the contrary, in the diagram or view 1226, the set is tilted or located at an angle downward (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc. around the horizontal axis of the set), and the interlaced scanning of the frame matrix is made with the ability to make the rows of different icons move again or Scroll in one direction (for example, everyone moves to the left). In other words, the printed image is configured to provide animation of the original image when the lens / printed image (or ink layer) is viewed from different angles or viewpoints (for example, the anti-counterfeit kit or device shown in 1210 rotates around a second or horizontal axis).

[0078] FIG. 13 illustrates a set of images or views 1300 of another set of lenses / printed images (ink layer) as the viewer can see in different positions or with the set tilted or moved to change the viewing angle for the viewer. The kit can take the form of a matrix of rounded, hexagonal, parallelogram or square microlens superimposed on a biaxial interlaced image (printed on the back flat surface of the lens array or on a substrate (for example, paper money, plastic card, paper or plastic label, etc. ) onto which the lens matrix is subsequently glued). An interlaced image is printed using a print file that is generated as explained above to combine a frame matrix (for example, sets of 2-4 or more frames of one image / scene captured in different POVs relative to the horizontal and vertical axes), in order to provide pixel conversion.

[0079] FIG. 13, the image or view 1310 shows a straight or orthogonal view of the kit 1300 or anti-counterfeit device, and the image is the company logo in this example. The image or view 1320 is visible to the viewer when the kit tilts up, as shown by arrow 1321 (the flat kit rotates upward around the horizontal or first axis of the kit). As shown, the view / image 1320 shows additional information regarding the original image observed as 1310, such as the underside of a logo or an object that is the subject of an interlaced image file. Another image or view 1322 is visible to the viewer when the kit rotates or tilts to the right, as shown by arrow 1323 (a flat kit rotates or tilts around a vertical axis (for example, a second orthogonal axis or at least transversely to the first axis of the kit)) . More information or images are visible as 1322, for example, the left side of a logo or other object that is the subject of an interlaced image file.

[0080] Additionally, another view or image 1324 is viewed when the kit rotates or tilts 1325 down (rotates around a horizontal or first axis), and in this view 1324, information is displayed that is not visible in other views, for example, the top side of a logo or other the object being rendered. The view or image 1326 provides more information or portions of the target object, for example, the right side of the logo / target object, and the view 1326 is visible when the kit rotates or tilts 1327 around the vertical or second axis of the kit.

[0081] FIG. 14 illustrates a set of views / images 1400 of another embodiment or implementation of a set 1410 of lenses / printed images (ink layer) (or anti-counterfeit device). As shown in the image / display images 1412, the kit 1410 (a microlens array as described herein, positioned on top of a biaxial interlaced scan of a frame matrix corresponding to different scene / object images from different viewpoints) is visible from a viewpoint that is normal or orthogonal to the front surface 1411 of the kit 1410. In some embodiments, the front surface 1411 is provided through the outer surfaces of the rounded, six-angle matrix GOVERNMENTAL, parallelogram or square lenses. As shown, the viewer sees a background that contains a static pattern of wallpaper (icons and locks). Icons / image components may appear very deep in the film plane and may be visible at each viewing angle (for example, they are visible in views 1414, 1416 when the kit 1410 tilts left or right). The overlay pattern is in the film plane, but is not visible (or is only slightly visible) when viewed directly, as shown in view 1412 (but can be visible in views 1414 and 1416).

[0082] View 1416 is useful for showing a display provided by an interlaced image of a kit 1410 when the kit tilts at a small angle (tilts or rotates slightly to the left around a vertical axis). When tilted at a small angle (for example, to about 15 degrees, etc.), the overlay pattern is visible only in black in the film area or front surface 1411 of kit 1410, which is closest to the viewer. The printed image may have a configuration in which a slight tilt (for example, less than about 15 degrees) in either direction (up, down, left or right, or rotation of the kit 1410 around a vertical or horizontal axis) causes the overlay pattern to gradually become visible ( seem black in this example). A pattern is an “overlay” that appears to be on top of or covering the icons or wallpaper pattern in the plane of the film (or the outer surface 1411 of kit 1410).

[0083] At small angles, the overlay is first visible on the portion of the film or kit 1410 closest to the viewer. When the kit 1410 tilts even further away from the viewer (for example, to angles of about 30-45 degrees or more), the larger part of the overlay pattern gradually becomes visible until the entire overlay pattern becomes visible when the kit 1410 is viewed through surface 1411 at a predefined more extreme angle (for example, an angle of 45-60 degrees or more relative to the normal view 1412). This can be observed as 1414 at the limit angle of FIG. 14, in which the kit 1410 rotates around a vertical axis (e.g., to the right) by more than about 60 degrees. In view 1414, the overlay pattern is completely visible on top of the wallpaper pattern with icons (logos and locks in this example) over the entire surface 1411 of the kit / film 1410.

[0084] FIG. 15 illustrates a kit 1510 of another embodiment of the present description. The kit 1510 can be configured to be used as an anti-counterfeiting device or label with a body / substrate, an ink layer providing a printed image with a biaxial interlaced scan of a matrix of frames of different POV, as explained in this document, and a matrix of rounded, hexagonal, parallelogram or square lenses for viewing the printed image. For example, the kit 1510 may be a label (e.g., a 2 inch by 1 inch label or other size) that can be printed downward on a roll with 1.125 inch centers and the like. during manufacturing. Kit 1510 includes a front or top surface 1512 (for example, a matrix of thin lenses formed from transparent or at least translucent plastic or similar material) through which an interlaced image can be viewed (an image composable using pixel transform document) as shown. A printed image may include a void or a space, as shown by a white (or other) color field 1513, which can be used to print (for example, flexography) barcodes and / or human-readable text that can be added offline or later processing (for example, through thermal transfer printing).

[0085] The kit / label 1510 has a printed image that is specially designed to provide a certain number of images and effects to make it difficult to reproduce and to allow the viewer to easily verify its authenticity. For example, the printed image is a gray background 1516 (for example, which may be a printed subsurface (for example, flexography)) on which the icons or symbols 1514, 1517 (color and / or black) can be printed or layered. Symbol 1517 may take the form of a border (eg, a circle) on which a second character or text is provided, for example, text (eg, “OK”), which must be completely inside the border to indicate that label 1510 is not fake or is genuine.

[0086] An interlaced printed image may also include devices / components to further enable the viewer to verify the authenticity of the label 1510. For example, the image 1520 using a magnifying glass may be included in printing plates used to make the kit / label 1510, and appear on the film plane or surface 1512. One or more icons / symbols 1523, 1525 can be provided in the image 1520, for example, under a magnifying glass images 1520. Then the printed image may have a configuration in which when the viewer looks through the glass region of the image 1520, the icons 1523 appear black and the icons 1525 appear blue, which may be a color different from the apparent color of these icons 1514, 1517 otherwise parts of the label 1510 (for example, changing the color of these icons when viewing under the image 1520 under the glass). Additionally, it may seem that the icons 1523 and 1525 below the image 1520 when using a magnifying glass are slightly larger than the corresponding versions of the wallpaper / background of these icons 1514, 1517.

[0087] The wallpaper icons 1530 can be designed to move in opposite (or identical) directions when the set 1510 tilts around the first axis (for example, the set / label rotates / tilts left or right) when moving in identical (or opposite) directions when the kit 1510 tilts around a second axis (for example, the kit / label rotates / tilts up or down). Unlike some embodiments of the label 1510, the corresponding icons / symbols 1523, 1525 below the image 1520 when using a magnifying glass can be designed to move differently with respect to the icons 1530 that are not under the glass. For example, the icons 1523, 1525 can move together in the same direction in the image 1520 under the glass, while the icons 1530 move, as shown by arrows 1531, in opposite directions when the set 1510 rotates / tilts around a particular axis.

[0088] The printed image under the lens array of kit 1510 may include an additional element 1540 (eg, display with margins / borders) to increase security (or further limit fake activity). Element 1540 may include a border 1549, which may be formed from a pattern that is difficult to reproduce, such as a 0.15 mm microtext border (or other size) containing one or more intentional spelling errors (for example, the border appears solid to the naked eye viewer, but words with spelling errors are understandable under a microscope). In normal form, as shown in FIG. 15, the first image 1541 is displayed, but as shown in an exploded view, the second image 1542 is displayed in element 1540 when the set 1510 rotates 1543 around the first axis (for example, rotates left or right around the vertical axis of the set 1510). To further enhance security, a third image 1544 may be displayed in element 1540 when the kit 1510 rotates 1545 in the other direction (for example, rotates up or down around the horizontal axis of the kit 1510).

[0089] FIG. 16 illustrates a system 1600 configured to be used in the manufacture of a kit, such as a counterfeit device, as described herein. System 1600 includes an imaging workstation 1610 with a processor 1612 for executing code or programs to perform specific functions. The workstation 1610 can take the form of almost any computer device with a processor 1612 configured to control the operation of input and output devices 1614, for example, devices to enable the operator of the station 1610 to view and enter data applicable through the conversion and imaging module 1620 to create a print file 1648, transmitted as shown in 1675, to the controller 1680 print. The CPU 1612 also controls the storage device 1630, available through the module 1620 conversion and imaging.

[0090] The image conversion and imaging module 1620 performs functions useful in performing the functions and processes described herein, for example, for generating sets of 1640 frames from an original image 1632, creating an array of 1646 frames from these sets of 1640 images, and generating a bidirectional bit a card or a print file 1648 (i.e., a print file using pixel transform) from a matrix of 1646 frames. For example, the storage device 1630 can be used to save the original image 1632, which may include a background 1634, as well as one or more icons / symbols 1636 that can be provided as wallpaper (for example, these elements can be layered over the background 1634 )

[0091] The module 1620 may be configured to generate a certain number of sets of 1640 frames from the original image 1632, and each of the sets 1640 may include 2-10 or more frames from different viewpoints of the original image (for example, see frame sets, shown in Fig. 7, which provide frames from different POV along two axes (frames / images on the X and Y axis of the base or original image 1632)). Module 1620 may generate a matrix of 1646 frames, as explained above, to properly transform pixels in order to provide proper interlacing on the X and Y axis with / without moving effect. From the matrix 1648, a bi-directional pixel map or print file 1648 is formed by combining the rows and columns of the matrix 1646 with proper ordering (with all three-dimensional information and / or motion information in both directions, for example, with squares with data from the matrix 1646, and not from bands).

[0092] The transform and imaging module 1620 may generate a print file 1648 based on a plurality of imaging / conversion parameters 1650. For example, design decision information 1652 for a lens matrix, including whether the lenses are rounded, hexagonal, parallelogram or square, the optical pitch values 1654 and LPI 1656 can be considered as input by module 1620 to create a print file 1648. Additionally , the output resolution 1670 of the device can be used by module 1620 to create a print file 1648, for example, to specify the number of frames in sets 1640 and the like. Parameters 1650 can also include motion parameters 1660 to specify how to animate the original image with the kit tilted / rotated, for example, by setting the direction of movement of the icons / symbols and how fast the movement occurs (how much rotation is required to achieve a specific moving effect, etc.). Parameters 1650 may also include color parameters 1666, such as whether or not the color icons / symbols change with rotation of the kit with the image printed from the 1648 file, and what such colors should be in the displayed image.

[0093] After the print file 1648 is created, the imaging workstation 1610 can transmit (wired or wirelessly, for example, via a digital communication network) this file 1648 to a print controller 1680 (for example, to another computer or computing device) . The print controller 1682 can use this print file 1648 to produce a printing plate 1682 or an embossing form, which can then be used to apply embossing to a surface, for example, to the flat / back side of the lens array using a manufacturing device 1684 . This embossed surface may then be filled with one or more ink coatings / layers to form a printed image in a lens / printed image matrix set (for example, in a counterfeiting device). The 1680 controller can also use a print file 1648 to provide a 1670 digital file to a 1674 color digital printer to print a biaxial interlaced image on a surface such as the flat back of the lens array, or on the side of a paper bill or product label, to which subsequently a lens matrix is used to provide a counterfeit device for banknotes / labels.

[0094] At this point, it may be useful to describe technologies for performing pixel adjustment, which can be performed (at least in part) by a software module / program, such as conversion and imaging module 1620 of FIG. 16. FIG. 17 illustrates, using a flowchart, a pixel adjustment method 1700 according to the present description. The method 1700 includes, at 1710, performing a printing test (for example, with components 1680-1684 of FIG. 16) to determine the optical pitch, on the X axis, as well as on the Y axis, of the lens array, which, as explained above, can vary relative to the design decision. At 1720, the target visual step is selected for the desired or input viewing distance (again on the X and Y axis). For example, as shown in 1730, method 1700 may include setting a target step of 416.88 for the X axis and 384.47 for the Y axis.

[0095] Method 1700 continues at 1740 with interlacing on the X and Y axis on the pixel map. This typically involves conversion at the nearest output of the device for the desired target step (for example, output at 400 is close to the steps specified in step 1730). At step 1750, method 1700 includes calculating the difference between the output of the device and the target optical step. In this example, the difference on the X axis is +4.22 percent (i.e., the target step 416.88 divided by the output of the device 400), and the difference on the Y axis is -3.9 percent (for example, the target step 384, 47 divided by the output of the device at 400).

[0096] In step 1760, the image conversion and imaging module / program is configured to remove pixels based on the differences determined in step 1750. In this example, the module can delete 4.22 percent of the pixels by specifically indicating low information areas on the X axis. Module can also be configured to add 3.9 percent of the pixels on the Y axis. Step 1770 of method 1700 further explains this process, the module being configured to identify pixels with less information for Lenia (e.g., uniformly on X-axis in this example), while the addition of pixels may be performed by mixing pixels, for example, adjacent (e.g., the pixels to be mixed are added to Y axis). At 1780, forms are output based on a print file modified with the ability to provide pixel adjustment. In this working example, print forms can be displayed at 4800 pixels on the X axis and 4800 pixels on the Y axis. At 1790, it should be noted that process 1700 maintains the integrity of the displayed image without blur, for example, due to a repeated change in the resolution of the untouched pixels.

[0097] FIG. 18 is useful for further explaining the process of providing a biaxial interlaced scan for a lens array of the present description. A small matrix of lenses or an elementary lens 1810 is shown in plan view or top view, which includes four lenses 1812, 1814, 1816 and 1818 (more typically, the matrix has many more lenses). As shown in 1815, lenses 1812, 1814, 1816, and 1818 are rounded lenses in this non-limiting example. Under the lens array 1810, a biaxial printed image (or ink layer with a printed image) may contain each of the fields 1813 in the drawing used to represent a pixel. Additionally, each of these "pixels" 1813 can be considered as the focus point of the lens.

[0098] The printed image provided in pixels 1813, when combined with the lens array 1810, provides a display device that can be used to provide full three-dimensional images as well as multidirectional motion. For example, each lens 1812, 1814, 1816, 1818 can be used to display a loop image. To this end, diagonal 1830 pixel sets shown with shading can be used to provide a 45-degree loop scan unit, while 1820 horizontal and vertical pixel sets shown with “stars” can be used to provide an image loop in the transverse direction and in the up and down direction.

[0099] Based on this, the 1850 graph is useful for illustrating how a 7-pixel by 7-pixel arrangement provided under each lens 1812, 1814, 1816, and 1818 can be printed with biaxial interlaced images to provide these effects. . In this example, four frames on the X axis are combined with four frames on the Y axis (for example, “X = 3” means a specific frame in a set of four frames along the X axis). A conversion and imaging module (e.g., module 1620) can be used to select the appropriate frames to form such a matrix and / or print card, and a print file can be formed from this conversion for use in printing two-axis interlaced images in each pixel, as shown in graph 1850, in order to provide the visual effects described with pixels 1820, 1830.

[00100] FIG. 19-21 are graphs 1900, 2000 and 2100 showing ray tracing for sets of the present description, for example, for a lens array combined with a two-axis interlaced image. In particular, FIG. 19 illustrates a ray tracing graph 1900 of 1920 using a kit 1910 (eg, anti-counterfeiting device) configured as described herein. As shown, the kit 1910 includes a lens matrix 1912 for rounded lenses 1914 superimposed on the ink layer 1916 / printed image including a certain number of interlaced scans 1918 (7 images interlaced using biaxial interlaced).

[00101] Graph 1900 shows rays 1920 traced from idealized lenticular stripes 1918 interlaced in the printed image / ink layer 1916. The interlacing order is modified so that for the viewer the image forms the proper interlacing. In this example, the radius of each 1914 lens is 1.23 mils, the 1914 lenses are provided at 408 LPI, the 1914 lenses are 3 mils thick, and the refractive index is assumed to be 1.49. For clarity, only interlaced scans of zero width are presented with 7 interlaced scans of 1918 per set of two 1914 lenses. Tracing is performed in the range from +30 degrees to -30 degrees with steps of 5 degrees, showing the near field of the lenticle.

[00102] Graph 2000 is a filled beam path showing a larger general view of graph 1900 of FIG. 19. Interlaced scans for the 2000 plot are 2 mils wide with 7 interlaced scans per two lenses. Five steps are traced per interlace, the range is from +30 degrees to -30 degrees using steps of 1 degree. The interlaced sequence is 6, 4, 2, 3, 7, 5, and 1. Schedule 2100 is a trace performed for a normal interlaced sequence (for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7) for a lens with a radius 1.23 mils, lenses provided at 408 LPI, a lens thickness of 3 mils and a refractive index of 1.49. The width of the lens is assumed to be 2 mil, and there are 7 interlaced scans for each set of two lenses. It traces five steps through each lens again with a range of +30 degrees to -30 degrees in steps of 1 degree. In general terms, graphs 1900, 2000, and 2100 show coding that is performed by having multiple interlaced scans per multiple lenticles and changing the distribution for the viewer by changing the sequence of interlaced scans.

[00103] When analyzing the use of biaxial interlaced imaging lens arrays of the present invention, it is useful to generate ray traces and dot patterns to verify the planned design solution for the matrix / image. In this regard, FIG. 22 is a graph 2200 of off-axis ray tracing, while FIG. 23 is a corresponding point diagram 2300 that can be configured to analyze a planned design decision for a matrix / image. Additionally, FIG. 24 and 25 are two additional scatter plots or diagrams 2400 and 2500 for a rounded lens (or spherical lens), while FIG. 26 is a ray tracing graph 2600 for the lens associated with the graphs of FIG. 24 and 25. The lens radius for these last three drawings is 5 units, and the focal plane is about 10 units (for example, units can be any units, such as miles).

[00104] Although the invention has been described and illustrated with specific details, it should be understood that the present disclosure has been made by way of example only, and that many changes to the combination and arrangement of parts may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed below.

[00105] The description examines a display kit (for example, an anti-fake device) that includes a matrix of rounded or square lenses combined with an ink layer with a printed image / pattern. The lens matrices consist of nested rounded, hexagonal, parallelogram or square lenses placed as shown in the attached drawings. The printed image / drawing provided in the ink layer (s) is aligned with the lens matrices (e.g., the X and Y axes of the printed image), and the printed image / drawing consists of vertically and horizontally transformed pixels (e.g. printed using a print file specifying a biaxial interlaced (or interlaced on two axes) matrix frames, as explained in this document). Pixels can be of any type and are often configured to map the output device to the optical pitch of the viewer on two axes. Lens arrays can be provided at 200 or more LPIs in both directions so as to provide 4000 lenses or more per square inch. The focal lengths of the lenses may vary, but some matrices are implemented that have focal lengths less than about 10/1000 inches for rounded and square lenses.

[00106] Printing a biaxial interlaced image for use with a lens array may be performed using one or more colors using the pixel transform provided in the generated print file. In some cases, diffraction techniques are used to create color with wavelength separation, either intentionally or randomly, in an interlaced image in a matrix of rounded lenses. In particular, the printing step involves printing a pixel-by-pixel rendered file on the X and Y axis or a pixel map in order to produce a printed form or digital image, any of which can be used to provide an ink layer with a printed image / pattern, which is useful in combination with rounded and square lenses embedded in a matrix, as described herein (e.g., printing on the back or flat surface of the lens material to provide pixel transform X and Y axis images). In other cases, an embossing mold is made for use to emboss on the back of the lens material (lens array). The embossed back surface is then filled with ink or metallized for use in holography in combination with a matrix of rounded or square lenses. However, in some cases, printing may also occur on the front or contour surface of the lens array. For example, printing may include printing features, colors, or images directly on top of the lenses (i.e., on the non-flat side of the lens array) in combination in printing on the back or flat side of the lenses using interlaced images.

[00107] A certain number of unique visual effects or display effects can be achieved with a printed image viewed through one of the lens matrices of the present description. For example, the conversion of images along the X and Y axis can be performed in such a way that the matrix in the form of wallpaper of repeating icons (for example, company logos and locks of approximate figures) scrolls or moves through the substrate in opposite directions to each other when the substrate (or kit or device for counterfeit) tilts left and right (rotates around a vertical or first axis), and in the same direction when the substrate tilts up and down (rotates around a horizontal or second axis, transverse oh to the first axis). This effect may be called "continuous movement in opposite directions."

[00108] In other cases, the image conversion is performed in such a way that the matrix in the form of a wallpaper of repeating icons moves or scrolls up or down through the surface of the kit / device for protection against fakes, when the kit / device tilts left and right (all the icons move in the identical direction), and left and right when the kit / device tilts up and down (again, all the icons move in the same direction) (for example, tilting to the left causes all the icons to scroll or move tilting up, tilting to the right causes all the icons to scroll or move down, tilting up makes all the icons to scroll to the right, and tilting down makes all the icons to scroll left). This effect may be labeled as "continuous movement in orthogonal directions."

[00109] The conversion of pixel images along the X axis and Y axis can be performed so that a volumetric icon or image, such as a company logo or symbol, has five viewing sides (for example, top side, bottom side, left side, right side and front or front). These five sides are viewed in three dimensions with apparent depth and in full parallax, when the kit / device tilts or rotates in different directions (orthogonal / normal view, tilt to the left, tilt to the right, tilt up and tilt down or position between them). The front surface of the three-dimensional logo / symbol / icon may have a color different from the color of the sides to create a more noticeable three-dimensional effect, and this effect may be called a "full three-dimensional effect."

[00110] Another effect that can be achieved by transforming images on the X-axis and Y-axis, as described herein, is to provide icon wallpaper with a different overlay pattern. Then, the overlay pattern can be provided in the print file and in the resulting printed image so that it is hidden from view when the kit is viewed from certain POVs (for example, normal POVs), but gradually becomes more and more visible (in the film and picture plane wallpaper) over the icons / symbols / logos of the wallpaper (for example, when moving to angles of 30-60 degrees, etc. from normal). Additionally, it is not required that the entire printed image provide a single effect. Instead, various areas or portions of the printed image can be used to provide different visual effects (for example, any of the effects described herein).

[00111] Several means are available to implement the systems and methods explained in this detailed description. These tools include, but are not limited to digital computer systems, microprocessors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), general purpose computers, programmable controllers, and user programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), all of which may be collectively referred to in this document as “processors” " For example, in one embodiment, the signal processing may be included in an FPGA or ASIC, or alternatively, in an embedded or discrete processor. Therefore, other embodiments include software instructions resident on computer-readable media that, when implemented by such means, allow them to implement various embodiments. Computer-readable media includes any form of non-volatile physical computer storage device. Examples of such a physical computer storage device include, but are not limited to, punched cards, magnetic disks or tapes, optical storage systems, flash memory, non-volatile ROM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM ( EPROM), random access memory (RAM), or any other form of storage system for a permanent, semi-permanent, or temporary storage system or device. Software instructions include, but are not limited to, computer-executable instructions executed by computer system processors, and hardware description languages, such as VHSIC (VHSIC) hardware description language (VHDL).

[00112] Although FIG. 11-15 illustrate a series of effects that can be achieved using the pixel transform technologies described herein, in combination with microlens arrays, they can be useful at this time in order to further explain these unique effects. Pixel conversion (or two-axis interlacing) allows you to create a print file with many pixels, each of which is formed for the specific purpose of enabling the effect to be activated around one of the two axes. In other words, activation in 2 axes requires or at least improves through pixel transformations, as discussed herein. The “effects” that can be achieved (including the effects shown in FIGS. 11-15) can be considered as an identical set of effects achieved on the same axis using lenticular lenses and interlaced images in the same direction. These effects, however, can now be provided one (or two, three or more) at a time in each direction using pixel conversion, and anti-fake devices can use any combination of these effects (with one effect provided in each direction in many cases). Effects include a three-dimensional effect, movement, flipping (changing the image to another or modified image), animation, turning on / off (forcing the image to appear and disappear with rotation around the axis or with “activation”), scaling, smooth transformation (for example, flipping, but there may be a transition to a new image) and a color shift (color change as part of activation).

[00113] As a first example, a set of a matrix of lenses and printed images can be designed and manufactured with the ability to provide a three-dimensional effect on one axis (for example, on the X axis) and provide an activation effect on a second axis transverse (for example, orthogonal) to the first axis (for example, by providing activation on the Y axis). A three-dimensional effect can be provided on the first axis of the kit with drawings or elements in different layers (for example, if there is a foreground image on top of one or more background images). Then, activation of additional effects can be provided on the second axis, such as: (a) movement (for example, movement of elements or with an offset in the frame); (b) flipping (for example, image A is replaced by image B to flip 2 images, or more than two images can be used to provide greater flipping); (c) animation (for example, a sequence of frames can be used to describe or specify the animation of images); (d) on / off (for example, one or more elements may be provided in frames that appear or disappear depending on the viewing angle); (e) scaling (for example, one or more elements can be provided that increase or decrease the size of the displayed image, depending on the viewing angle); (f) smooth conversion (for example, the effect may be similar to flipping from image A to image B, but with transition frames including intermediate final images so that the viewer can see the transformation from image A to image B); and (g) color shift (for example, one or more elements can change color with activation, which can be initiated by rotating the kit through several viewing angles or POV).

[00114] Given these combinations, FIG. 27 illustrates a set of views 2700 of an exemplary kit viewed from different POVs, the kit being useful as a counterfeit device for banknotes or other objects that are configured with a lens array and a printed image to provide different moving effects (biaxial activation). In the diagrams or views 2700 of FIG. 27, a top view 2710 or an orthogonal view of a lens / image set as shown herein is shown. The viewer has the ability to observe or view the original image with lines of two different icons 2712, and all icons 2712 are stationary or stationary. Additionally, the original image includes an overlay image or foreground image 2714A (shown here as a checkmark), which appears to be in a different layer relative to the icon lines 2712. Therefore, the kit is configured to provide a three-dimensional effect. The drawings show lines of two icons, but it should be understood that this is set only for ease of explanation, and not as a limitation. When the lines of two icons are understood and how they can be used to provide security for activation on two axes, it should be understood that each line can include two or more different icons (and not one icon per line), and the lines of the third, fourth or more different icon may be included in the set as desired in order to achieve the desired displayed image.

[00115] In a diagram or view 2720, the kit tilts or is positioned at an angle to the right (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc.), and interlaced scanning of the frame matrix (a set of different viewpoints (POV) of the original image shown in form 2710, such as a matrix similar to the matrix shown in Fig. 7, used in pixel transform) is configured to make the rows of various icons 2712 move in opposite directions. For example, lines with lock icons and / or logos 2712 move left and right when the kit (or anti-counterfeit device) tilts to the right. On the contrary, in the diagram or view 1222, the set is tilted or positioned at an angle to the left (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc.), and the interlaced scanning of the frame matrix is made with the ability to make the rows of different icons again move in different directions from each other each other and in the opposite direction, as shown in view 2720 (the 2712 icons that are moved to the right now move to the left, and vice versa).

[00116] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 27, the printed image is configured to provide animation of the original image when the lens / printed image (or ink layer) is viewed from different angles or viewing points (for example, the kit or anti-counterfeiting device shown in 2710 rotates around the first or vertical axis). Animation, as shown, can be carried out in a direction that is parallel to the directions of rotation. However, the print file has a configuration in which some images, such as a foreground image or another layer 2714A, remain at the same relative location, and this is moving background icons or icons of another layer (since these moving icons 2712 may be front images plan, and the 2714A symbol / icon can be provided in the background layer) improves or even provides a three-dimensional effect of the kit.

[00117] Additionally, the three-dimensional effect can be combined with additional effects when the kit is activated on the other, or the second, of the two orthogonal axes. As shown, a lens matrix kit with an ink layer representing a biaxial interlaced image provides animation and a three-dimensional effect in one direction, either when activated along one axis and flipped (or smoothly converted) in the second direction, or when activated along the second axis. In the diagram or view 2724, the set is tilted or positioned at an angle up (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc. by turning around the second or horizontal axis of the set), and interlaced scanning of the frame matrix (a set of different viewpoints (POV) the original image shown as 2710, such as a matrix similar to the matrix shown in Fig. 7), is configured to make the icons 2712 remain identical or remain unchanged, while the symbol / icon 2714A in another layer (foreground image) flips aetsya (or smoothly converted) into another image 2714B (tick here is turned into a star).

[00118] Similarly, in a diagram or view 2726, the kit is tilted or positioned at an angle downward (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc. around the horizontal axis of the kit), and interlaced scanning of the frame matrix is configured to force icon lines 2712 remain stationary, while the symbol / icon 2714A of the foreground or another layer is flipped (or smoothly converted) to another image 2714B (here into an image identical to the image when the kit tilts up). In other words, the printed image is configured to provide image rotation when the kit rotates around a second axis (for example, around a horizontal axis or X axis). The flipping is shown in FIG. 27 for the effect provided when activated in the second direction, but the effect can also be smooth conversion, on / off, movement, animation, scaling, or color shift.

[00119] To further illustrate the many possible combinations, FIG. 28 illustrates a set of views 2800 of an exemplary kit viewed from different POVs, the kit being useful as a counterfeit device for banknotes or other objects that are configured with a lens array and a printed image to provide different moving effects (biaxial activation). In the diagrams or views 2800 of FIG. 28, a top view or orthogonal view of a lens / image kit according to the present description is shown, and the kit is configured to provide a three-dimensional effect from all viewpoints (eg, smooth movement and / or depth) together with identical or different image elements having activation by X axis or Y axis (to start moving, flipping, smoothly transforming, or another of the effects achievable with interlaced scanning of frames with images). The viewer has the ability to observe or view the original image with lines of two different 2828 icons, all 2812 icons being stationary or fixed. Additionally, the original image includes first and second overlay images or foreground images 2814A and 2816A (shown here as the word “OK” and a check mark), which appear to be in a different layer relative to the icon lines 2812. Therefore, the kit is made with the ability to provide a three-dimensional effect.

[00120] In a diagram or view of 2820, the kit tilts or is positioned at an upward angle (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc.), and interlaced scanning of the frame matrix (a set of different viewpoints (POV) of the original image shown in view 2810, such as a matrix similar to the matrix shown in Fig. 7, used in pixel transform) is configured to make the rows of different icons 2812 move in one direction (for example, all icons move down or in the opposite direction to the activation direction). With this movement of the kit (tilt up), foreground images 2814A and 2816A remain unchanged (for example, without flipping at this point). Moving the 2812 icons below (or above in some embodiments) the symbols 2814A, 2816A enhances the three-dimensional effect achieved with the kit.

[00121] On the contrary, in the diagram or view 2822, the set is tilted or positioned at an angle downward (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc.), and the interlaced scanning of the frame matrix is configured to cause the rows of different icons to move again in one direction (but this time up or in the opposite direction of activation). In parallel, however, the flip effect is also activated by turning the foreground character / icon 2814A into an image, as shown on 2814B (for example, from the word “OK” to the word “Yes”), while the other character / icon 2816A remains unchanged in this example. From view 2822 to view 2820, flipping occurs again, since the 2814B symbol changes or flips back to image 2814A (for example, the flipping effect is activated by rotating around the horizontal axis or the X-axis of the kit at the same time as the moving effect for the 2812 icons (in one direction in this non-limiting example)).

[00122] Additionally, the three-dimensional effect can be combined with additional flipping effects when the kit is activated on the other, or the second, of the two orthogonal axes. As shown, a lens matrix kit with an ink layer representing a biaxial interlaced image provides animation and a three-dimensional effect in one direction, either when activated along one axis and flipped (or smoothly converted) in the second direction, or when activated along the second axis. In the diagram or view of 2824, the set is tilted or located at an angle to the left (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc. by turning around the second or horizontal axis of the set), and interlaced scanning of the frame matrix (a set of different viewpoints (POV) the original image shown in the form 2810, such as a matrix similar to the matrix shown in Fig. 7) is configured to make the icons 2812 start moving, and the icons 2812 move in the same direction (again in the opposite direction to the asset which is orthogonal to the previous directions of movement of species 2820 and 2822). In parallel, the symbol / icon 2814A (or 2814B) in the other layer (foreground image) remains unchanged, while the symbol / icon 2816A does not flip, but is activated in such a way that it has a smooth conversion effect, in which it changes as shown in 2816B, so that it scrolls to a new position (for example, the checkmark in this example has a new orientation, which can also be considered an animation effect).

[00123] Similarly, in a diagram or view 2826, the set is tilted or positioned at an angle to the right (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc. around the horizontal axis of the set), and interlaced scanning of the frame matrix is configured to force icon lines 2812 again have a moving effect (move in one direction, for example, in the direction opposite to the activation direction), while the symbol / icon 2816A of the foreground or another layer again smoothly transforms (animates) so that it twists in the image Genesis 2816B. In other words, the printed image is configured to provide a three-dimensional effect with foreground images that can be flipped, smoothly transformed or animated with activation, and such activation for effects can be independent of each other and of background images. Additionally, the printed image provides parallel moving effects with background images that are shown as being activated so that they move together in the same direction, i.e. in the opposite direction to the activation. If the 2812 icons move in the directions shown, the result is a depth effect (for example, a three-dimensional effect), in which the 2812 icons appear to move away from the foreground symbols / icons 2814A-2816B. This effect can also be combined with some layers that are pushed to the front side or outward to the viewer.

[00124] To further illustrate the many possible combinations, FIG. 29 illustrates a set of views 2900 of an exemplary kit viewed from different POVs, the kit being useful as a counterfeit device for banknotes or other objects that are configured with a lens matrix and a printed image to provide different moving effects (biaxial activation). In the diagrams or views 2900 of FIG. 29, a top view 2910 or an orthogonal view of a lens / image set according to the present description is shown, and the set is configured to provide activation on a first axis (e.g., X axis) that achieves orthogonal movement of image elements combined with activation on a second axis (to for example, the Y axis) of identical or different image elements. The viewer has the ability to observe or view the original image with lines of two different icons 2912, all icons 2912 are stationary or fixed. Additionally, the original image includes first and second overlay images or foreground images 2914A and 2916A (shown here as the word “OK” and a check mark), which appear to be in a different layer relative to the icon lines 2912. Therefore, the kit is made with the ability to provide a three-dimensional effect.

[00125] In the diagram or view 2920, the kit tilts or is located at an angle to the right (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc.), and interlaced scanning of the frame matrix (a set of different viewpoints (POV) of the original image shown in view 2910, such as a matrix similar to the matrix shown in Fig. 7, used in pixel transform) is configured to make the rows of different icons 2912 move in the same direction (for example, all icons move down or orthogonal to the activation direction). With this movement of the kit (tilt to the right), foreground images 2914A and 2916A remain unchanged (for example, without flipping at this point). Moving the 2912 icons under (or above in some embodiments) the symbols 2914A, 2916A enhances the three-dimensional effect achieved with the kit.

[00126] On the contrary, in the diagram or view 2922, the set is tilted or positioned at an angle to the left (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc.), and the interlaced scanning of the frame matrix is configured to make the rows of different icons move again in one direction (but this time upward (which is the opposite direction to the movement shown in 2920) and orthogonal to the activation direction). In parallel, however, the flip effect is also activated by turning the foreground character / icon 2914A into an image, as shown on 2914B (for example, from the word “OK” to the word “Yes”), while the other character / icon 2916A remains unchanged in this example. From view 2922 to view 2920, flipping occurs again, since the 2914B symbol changes or flips back to image 2914A (for example, the flipping effect is activated by rotating around the vertical axis or the Y axis of the kit at the same time as the moving effect for 2912 icons (in one direction in this non-limiting example)).

[00127] Additionally, the three-dimensional effect can be combined with additional flipping effects when the kit is activated on the other, or the second, of the two orthogonal axes. As shown, a lens matrix kit with an ink layer representing a biaxial interlaced image provides animation and a three-dimensional effect in one direction, either when activated along one axis and flipped (or smoothly converted) in the second direction, or when activated along the second axis. In the diagram or view 2924, the set is tilted or positioned at an upward angle (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc. by turning around the second or horizontal axis of the set), and interlaced scanning of the frame matrix (a set of different viewpoints (POV) the original image shown in the form 2910, such as a matrix similar to the matrix shown in Fig. 7) is configured to cause the icons 2912 to start moving, and the icons 2912 move in the same direction (again orthogonal to the activation direction, which can t be the right as shown in this example). In parallel, the symbol / icon 2914A (or 2914B) in another layer (foreground image) remains unchanged, while the symbol / icon 2916A does not flip, but is activated in such a way that it has a smooth conversion effect, in which it changes, as shown in 2916B, so that it scrolls to a new position (for example, the checkmark in this example has a new orientation, which can also be considered an animation effect).

[00128] Similarly, in the diagram or view 2926, the kit is tilted or positioned at an angle downward (for example, at an angle of 15-45 degrees, etc. around the horizontal axis of the kit), and the interlaced scan of the frame matrix is configured to force icon lines 2912 again have a moving effect (move in one direction, for example, to the left, and so that it moves orthogonally to the direction of activation (either the vertical axis or the Y axis of the kit), while the symbol / icon 2916A of the foreground or another layer smoothly transforms again It is animated in such a way that it is twisted into image 2916B.

[00129] FIG. 30 illustrates another kit 3010 useful as a counterfeit device that can be used on or with banknotes or the like. The kit 3010 may be formed with an upper or outer surface 3102, which may comprise a lens array. The kit 3010 may also include ink layer (s) providing a printed image printed using a print file with a pixel transform, as described herein, to provide biaxial activation (or activation of image effects such as a three-dimensional effect, motion, and so on). .p.) on two axes. In particular, the printed image of the kit 3010 is configured to provide a background image consisting of a plurality of smaller symbols / icons 3014 (for example, the checkmarks shown in FIG. 30). The printed image of the kit 3010 is also configured to provide viewing (through the layer 3012 of the lens matrix / front surface) of a foreground image consisting of one or more characters / icons (which are typically larger than the background image elements 3014).

[00130] In some implementations of the kit 3010, the printed image is pixel-converted to a matrix of lenses so that the full three-dimensional effect is provided in all directions by the image providing elements 3014 and 3018 in 2 or more layers. As shown in FIG. 30, a background image or pattern provided by characters / icons 3014 is moved away from the viewer to appear to be behind a foreground image consisting of characters / icons 3018. Elements 3018 may be provided as large elements, and it can be forced to do so that it seems that they smoothly move at different levels relative to image elements 3014 from all viewpoints. This can be achieved in part by forcibly leaving the images 3018 stationary during biaxial activation (rotating the kit 3010 around the X and Y axes), while the background images 3018 are forcibly moved (applying a moving effect to the image elements 3014).

[00131] Other kits may be created that include a print image formed using a pixel transform selected so as to provide patterns or images that are activated on the first axis (eg, the X axis) with any of the effects listed or described in this document. Additionally, the printed image may be configured to provide a combination of identical image elements (eg, icon or symbol) or various image elements activated on the second axis (eg, Y axis) with any of the listed or described effects (identical or different effects). For example, effects may include, but not limited to: (a) a three-dimensional multi-layer effect (for example, image elements displayed so that they appear in different layers, each layer being a flat image); (b) a three-dimensional real effect (for example, providing an image element or a three-dimensional element formed by 3D image processing software or the like); (c) a moving effect (for example, image elements that are moving or offset in the frame); (d) the flip effect (for example, image A is replaced by image B to flip 2 images, or more than two images can be used in the flip effect); (e) animation (for example, a sequence of frames that describes or sets the animation for one or more image elements); (f) an on / off effect (for example, one or more image elements may forcibly appear or disappear depending on the viewing angle for the kit); and (g) a scaling effect (for example, one or more image elements may increase or decrease in size depending on the viewing angle of the printed image through a matrix of rounded, hexagonal, parallelogram or square microlenses).

[00132] FIG. 3A-4B provide examples of elements formed using rounded and square lenses to form lens arrays. Additionally, these lens arrays, in particular, have a special pattern or arrangement so as not to use offset or nested rows and columns of lenses (for example, lenses in adjacent rows and columns are aligned, not offset). The use of pixel transform, as discussed by the inventors in this document, provides the possibility of efficiently manufacturing anti-counterfeiting devices with lens / printed image matrix sets using lens arrays with offset / embedded lenses, as well as lens arrays that are configured to include self hexagonal lenses or hexagonal lenses. Therefore, FIG. 31 and 32 provide specific working examples of such implementations.

[00133] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 31, element 3100 (such as a paper bill, product label, etc.) comprises an anti-counterfeit element or device in the form of a lens matrix 3110 (hexagonal lens matrix) covering or provided over an ink layer 3120 providing a printed image . As shown, element 3100 includes a backing or body 3105, such as a sheet of paper or plastic (for example, paper to be used as banknotes, or paper / plastic to be used to label the product). On the surface of the substrate / body 3105, an image is printed through the ink layer 3120, and the lens matrix 3110 is provided on the open surface of the ink layer 3120 (for example, the ink layer 3120 and its pattern / image can be printed on the surface of the substrate or on the back surface of the lens matrix 3110).

[00134] As shown, the lens matrix 3110 consists of a plurality of lenses 3114 that have a hexagonal base adjacent to the surface of the ink layer 3120 and have a domed cross section and / or two or more faces / sides. Hexagonal lenses or rounded lenses 3114 are arranged in a certain number of columns 3112 that are parallel, as shown by parallel vertical axes 3113 or Y axes (axes passing through the center of the lens 3114 in columns 3112) in FIG. 31. Additionally, the lenses 3114 are positioned so that the pairs of lenses 3114 in adjacent columns 3112 are in contact with or adjacent to at least the bases. Still further, columns 3112 are vertically offset, so that pairs of adjacent lenses 3114 in a particular column 3112 are spaced. Then, the matrix 3110 is configured to have parallel rows of lenses 3114, each of which is adjacent to adjacent lenses in such rows (or practically contact each other at the bases), as can be seen by parallel horizontal axes 3115 or X axes passing through the centers of the lenses 3114 in matrix 3110, and the rows are shown as adjacent to each other, as well as offset (for example, so that they have a horizontal offset as well as a vertical offset). Thus, the lenses 3114 can be snugly embedded in the pattern shown in FIG. 31 (note that the matrix 3110 can rotate for use, for example, by rotating 90 degrees, so that the "columns" become "rows" and vice versa).

[00135] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 32, element 3200 (such as a paper bill, product label, etc.) comprises an anti-counterfeit element or device in the form of an array of lenses 3210 (matrix of rounded lenses) covering or provided over an ink layer 3220 providing a printed image . As shown, element 3200 includes a backing or body 3205, such as a sheet of paper or plastic (for example, paper to be used as banknotes, or paper / plastic to be used to label the product). On the surface of the substrate / body 3205, an image is printed through the ink layer 3220, and the lens matrix 3110 is provided on the open surface of the ink layer 3220 (for example, the ink layer 3220 and its pattern / image can be printed on the surface of the substrate or on the back surface of the lens matrix 3210).

[00136] As shown, the lens array 3210 consists of a plurality of lenses 3214 that have a rounded or circular base adjacent to the surface of the ink layer 3220 and have a domed cross section and / or two or more faces / sides. Rounded lenses 3214 are placed in a certain number of columns 3212 that are parallel, as shown by parallel vertical axes 3213 or Y axes (axes passing through the center of lenses 3214 in columns 3212) in FIG. 32. Additionally, the lenses 3214 are arranged such that the pairs of lenses 3214 in adjacent columns 3212 are in contact with or adjacent to at least the bases. Still further, columns 3212 are vertically offset, so that pairs of adjacent lenses 3214 in a particular column 3212 are spaced. Then, the matrix 3210 is configured to have parallel rows of lenses 3214, each of which is adjacent to adjacent lenses in such rows (or practically contact each other at the bases), as can be seen by parallel horizontal axes 3215 or X axes passing through the centers of lenses 3214 in matrix 3210, and the rows are shown as adjacent to each other as well as offset (for example, so that they have a horizontal offset as well as a vertical offset). Thus, lenses 3214 can be tightly embedded in the pattern shown in FIG. 32 (note that the matrix 3210 can rotate for use, for example, by rotating 90 degrees, so that the "columns" become "rows", and vice versa).

[00137] As explained at the beginning of this document, moire patterns have been used in combination with rounded and hexagonal lens arrays for many years. Typically printed images are small, high resolution images relative to the size of the lenses. Some images print at a frequency slightly larger or smaller than the one-to-one lenses on two axes, and some print slightly differently relative to each other. The result is a moire pattern that shows the illusion of depth of field of view with lenses for the viewer or shows the movement of elements for the viewer. Typically, these lens matrices combined with image printing are used in the anti-counterfeiting market for labels and banknotes. The thickness of the lenses is less than 5/1000 inches and less up to about 0.5 / 1000-inches (i.e., from 125 microns to about 12 microns). The frequency of these lenses is approximately 400x400 to over 1000x1000 per inch.

[00138] Although useful for the point, the effects that can be achieved with moire patterns are limited. For example, you cannot photograph and display a three-dimensional effect with a moire pattern. Typically, moire patterns are used in the security industry for very high resolution lenses with focal lengths of about 20-75 microns and frequencies of more than 500 lenses per inch on one axis (or more than 250,000 per square inch). The printed images underlying the lenses typically are at least 12,000 DPI and can reach more than 25,000 DPI, with the microlens arrays being tightly embedded (for example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2). In other cases, these lenses can be fairly directional with 30 lenses in a linear inch with focal lengths of more than 0.125 inches or even 0.25 inches and only about 900 lenses per square inch.

[00139] One significant problem with using moire images is that they can be relatively easily decompiled into source codes. It is easy to see the patterns underlying the lens with a cheap microscope and determine the frequency of images and patterns. In addition, the lenses can be molded and re-molded, which makes it possible to fake. The relative difficulty in decompiling source codes is the printing of images, but its implementation is also simplified due to high-resolution lasers and photo-typing machines.

[00140] Typically, microlenses are printed using embossing and pouring technology. This generally limits printing to one color due to the fact that the process tends to be self-soiling after one color, and also due to the fact that the process is difficult to control from the relative step between the colors in the printing process based on embossing and filling. Some implement motion technology that uses high-resolution printing based on embossing and filling, which is monochrome due to the fact that the embossment is pre-applied to the roll or sheet, ink is applied by pouring, and it is wiped clean (there are no embossed areas), and the canvas leaves a residue ink and pollutants, making it difficult to obtain complementary colors. Another problem regarding the overall elongation and movement of the roll is that the small differences in the optical pitch needed to increase the moirés are difficult to achieve due to the differences in the tension between the colors.

[00141] Therefore, the inventors have found that there is a need for anti-counterfeit devices that are much more difficult, if not impossible, to duplicate. Preferably, it is determined that these devices should also be designed with the ability to have instant appeal to explicitly display images that move smoothly above the focal plane and below the focal plane.

[00142] The printed lens arrays can be difficult to print in sheet or roll form (especially roll form) in offset printing, gravure printing, flexography, or any other method. Some problems are associated with devices that make printing plates, or “printing machines with printed output,” as well as the physical ability to print a very small dot or image. This fact, when combined with alignment inaccuracies in equipment, film elongation, and other variables, makes it impossible or difficult to print very high resolution images required in microlens matrices in a 4-color process or for any real accuracy. These facts limit what can be done in printed microlenses.

[00143] The general limitations on print accuracy contained in press manuals can be listed as follows (color matching): (1) best sheet press (Heidelberg or Komori) - 8 microns; (2) the best banknote printing press (Sheet only-KBA Notsys) - 4-6 microns; (3) the best roll press (gravure printing or flexography) - 150+ microns; and (4) the best central press roll press is 50 microns. Additionally, the physical properties dictate that the thinner the used substrate or lens array (required for security and protection against fakes), the higher the resolution and the smaller the size of the lens matrix for the relationship of the target thickness and focal length. The basic formula is as follows: (A) Chord Width = C; (B) lens radius = R; (C) focal length = F (or lens thickness); and (D) LPI = Lens frequency or number of lenses per linear inch. Then the basic physical properties of the lens indicate: R> 0.5 (C). Additionally, F = 1.5 (C) (as an approximation).

[00144] For example, a banknote fiber may be printed in several colors in drawings and simple colors at approximately 25 microns. The minimum realistic LPI in both directions, to make this possible, is approximately 1200 LPI, which requires a minimum of 5 pixels for a good three-dimensional effect or animation. Therefore, 5x1200 = 6000 DPI in both directions. However, much better quality prescribes 10 images and approximately 12,000 DPI. Unmatched patterns, etc., can be printed, showing a moving and three-dimensional effect in several colors. However, matching requirements for printing colors, a 4-color process, or matching colors at this level is impossible or at least extremely difficult when using previous technology. The width of the lens or the width of the chord (C) in this case is approximately 21 microns. Since one pixel is required for each frame, and 5 frames are required for each lens, the requirement to print even for one color is difficult. If you look at the above explanation, the best roll presses perform color matching at approximately 50 microns. The matching requirement for a 4-color process or other compact multi-color processes with a chord width of approximately 21 microns (5 frames, each 4.2 microns) is approximately 2-3 microns. Unfortunately, it turned out that this is almost impossible to achieve using modern technology.

[00145] The production of non-holographic images (printed images) when combined even on one axis is not possible using modern technology for more than one color. Obviously, photographs with motion or a three-dimensional effect are impossible under the lens matrices, regardless of printing technology. There is practically no practical limitation with today's technology for a roll (the thickness of the material must necessarily be more than 15/1000 inches and approximately 100 LPI to allow color matching, and practically does not allow to wind the rolls). Consequently, the printed and combined color is limited by the technology of sheet offset printing (impractical for banknotes or labels for security).

[00146] A new way to solve this problem is required to improve technology beyond traditional printing. In the microwave part of the spectrum, in which some losses occur, on which perforated patterned metal films or films coated with metal at a subwavelength scale achieve spectral selectivity by balancing the transmission and reflection characteristics of the surface. For optical frequencies at which Joule losses are important, the planned structure of the metal film (without perforation) or discontinuity is sufficient to provide or achieve significant modification of the reflection coefficient. By designing the geometry of the structure imposed or applied by embossing onto the surface, it is possible to dramatically change the “perceived” color of the metal without the use of chemicals, thin film coatings or diffraction effects.

[00147] This new selective frequency effect underlies plasmon joule losses in continuous pattern elements ("metallography" and "bas-relief") in metamaterials to distinguish protruding and depressed parts of structures, and it is specific to the optical part of the spectrum. This technology has the advantage of maintaining the integrity of metal structures on surfaces and is scalable for high-performance technologies and manufacturing.

[00148] The maximum possible resolution for printed color images is determined by the diffraction limit of visible light. To reach the “limit”, individual color elements that are or can be considered “pixels” in increments of 250 nm (for example, in increments of less than 10,000 nanometers (or 10 microns), for example, in the range of 200-300 nanometers or less than approximately 300 nm) are required or desirable to provide an effective print resolution (often specified as dots per inch (DPI)) of approximately 100,000 DPI (or a range of 10,000-125,000 DPI or at least about 10,000 DPI in some cases, while others may use at least m D, 75000 DPI). Color information can be encoded in the dimensional parameters of metal nanostructures, so that the adjustment of their plasmon resonance determines the color of individual pixels. This type of color conversion produces images with sharp color differences as well as precise tonal variations. The method can be used for large-volume color printing without ink through lithography based on nanoprinting.

[00149] This technology can be used to reproduce the entire spectrum of visible colors from different colors to RGB mixtures and CMYK mixed colors for reproducing photographs or other images. It is important to note that, in contrast to diffraction imaging, the resulting colors from processing the balance of reflected and transmitted waves are mainly insensitive to the viewing angle. Therefore, since the combination of these nanostructures, configured to form color pixels simulating up to 100,000 DPI with lens arrays, as described herein, using both moire and interlaced images, leads to incoming light (due to the focus of the lens) with different entry angles, the resulting color back to the viewer is not distorted or changes as it is with diffraction patterns. Interlaced images with lenses that focus on individual pixels or groups of pixels remain within the design solution when presented or reflected back to the viewer, and the color remains unchanged. The resulting color remains mostly unaffected due to the input angle.

[00150] For the above reasons, combining lens arrays, as described herein, using this technology based on "plasmon resonance" leads to the ideality or at least substantial usefulness of the combination for thin-film 4-color processes and to provide combined and color matching for lens matrices for use in security, branding and other applications. For the first time, you can use dramatic color effects that can be formed in metamaterial for single-stage metallography / bas-relief. They can be applied equally to bulk and thin-film surfaces and can be implemented in a one-step process. Pixel conversion can be performed after interlacing or converting a three-dimensional or animated image. Images can be interlaced first and then converted at the pixel level according to the appropriate conversion method (continuous metallography or bas-relief) to simulate the desired color.

[00151] An example of the striking depth of features and animation that can occur is illustrated by a traditional counterpart (traditional printing combined with these lenses), which should be performed at 75 microns. Even surrounded by test prints (images cannot be combined and printed at the time of manufacture), a maximum of 6 images for a 400 LPI lens (bidirectional rounded or square lens) for 6 images can be achieved at approximately 2400 DPI. On the other hand, the plasmon resonance system described above enables the design of a very sharp focusing lens that provides pixels at 75 microns. Instead of drawing 6x6 frames (36 images in a lens), a 250x250 image drawing can be achieved at 100,000 DPI with 62500 views or frames with images in mixed colors, direct colors (PMS equivalents) or RGB colors. Consequently, plasmon resonance contributes to larger frame patterns than 6x6 patterns, such as 7x7 frame patterns (49 frames with images) up to 250x250 frame patterns (62500 frames with images).

[00152] The lens array can then be cast, extruded, or layered into a nano-embossed or embossed film that contains images or nano-embossed structures. The optical pitch of the lens can be designed and manufactured in such a way that it is consistent with the exact resonance of color pixels formed by nano-relief structures or inversions. The optical step can be scaled in such a way that it exactly matches the matrix of lenses, by systematically deleting pixel sets (formed by sets of nanostructures) or adding nanostructures formulated by mixing (without interaction) colors or pixels, so that the exact resolution of the device recording the file consistent without interpolation to a minimum of approximately 250 nanometers.

[00153] Using plasmon resonance or continuous metal frequency to create images using interlaced files provides the ability to ultimately control the file to a minimum of a combination of combined nanostubes that creates color resonance at 250 nm. This “replacement” of pixels represents the final pixel, and therefore, adjusting so as to match the optical pitch (s) with the microlens is reduced to approximately 250 nm. This is ideal for creating an exact match between the microlens and the image itself, since it provides the possibility of final control without the use of auxiliary programs that cause averaging and distortion in the file.

[00154] Regarding general interlacing for all lens arrays using continuous metal frequency technology, images can be created in the normal way using photographs, Adobe PhotoShop Illustrator, or any number of programs. The color file is then divided into color zones through color separation software, which can be in RGB or CMYK for images. This is done at a very high resolution so that the pixels can be split in such a way as to make up color assemblies up to about 100,000 DPI with about 250 nm per pixel. The shapes of the nanostructures are then formed in such a way that they are consistent with the proper color, taking into account the plasmon resonance associated with this color, while matching the wavelength with the electron. This can be done in color separation software.

[00155] The selections of individual colors for these pixels are then translated into the proper physical forms of the microstructures (nanostars) to create the proper color for the viewer. However, before the final selection of forms, the files are interlaced for a three-dimensional scenario and / or animation down to the possible level of one pixel per frame or 250 nm depending on the size of the file and or microlens. The files then interlaced in such a way that it matches the lenses, regardless of whether rounded, square, hexagonal, linear, parallelogram or aspherical lenses are used in the lens array. The pixels are then transmitted (after interlacing) using software that identifies colors and pixels and provides the necessary data in order to create nanoscale columns or a micro-embossed file containing the X, Y, and Z coordinates.

[00156] Regarding the use and standard manufacturing of lenses, after files are created with interlaced images and converted to embossed files, the plastic substrate may first be embossed and then metallized properly, varying the exact metamaterials used depending on from the application. The materials may be separately conductive materials or combinations of conductive materials such as gold, aluminum, silver, etc. These materials can be coated in the vapor phase in layers of 2-50 or more nanometers of material. On the other hand, a precoating of metamaterials and post-embossing with nanostructures can be applied to the film itself.

[00157] Lenses (any of the above types / forms may also be used) can be applied after, or even before, the metallization and embossing process. An array of lenses is formed on or as part of the film, and metallization occurs, and then embossing is performed on the flat side of the lens. However, when the lens is subsequently applied, the bonding or stamping process and the associated hot-melt adhesive and refractive index must be taken into account in order to calculate the proper focal lengths.

[00158] In general terms, a lens or array of microlenses: (1) can be applied after the manufacture of the substrate, embossing and metallization; (2) it can be embossed with a matrix of lenses, first extruded or first cast, and then embossed with images with interlaced nanoscanner (then metallized with metamaterials); and (3) can be made, metallized and then embossed on the back side (flat side).

Printout of a program or routine for ray tracing for biaxial interlaced scanning and rounded or square lens arrays

Sub Intersect_Nearest_Surface (xs, ys, zs, e1x, e1y, e1z, xi, yi, zi, enx, eny, enz, gnfound, snfound, surftypefound, success)

'finding the surface closest to the starting point of the beam

'input data

'xs, ys, zs - the starting point of the beam

'e1x, e1y, e1z - directing cosines of the beam

'xi, yi, zi - the point of intersection of the ray

'results

'gnfound, snfound - group number, surface number detected

'surfacetypefound of the nearest surface.

'successful (if found)

Dim intplaneflag, IntSphere5flag, IntCylinderFlag, IntEllipsoidFlag As Boolean

Dim icolor, k As Integer

Dim surftypetemp As String

Dim intsphere3planeflag As Boolean

Dim gn, sn, gntemp, sntemp As Integer

Dim distance as double

Dim xitemp, yitemp, zitemp as double

Dim enxtemp, enytemp, enztemp As Double

Dim xp, yp, zp As Double

Dim XPl, YPl, ZPl As Double

'Dim enx, eny, enz As Double

Dim enxx, enyy, enzz As Double

Dim enxplane, enyplane, enzplane As Double

Dim xc, yc, zc, rr As Double

Dim x0, y0, z0 as double

Dim rx, ry, rz As Double

'Dim rx1, ry1, rz1, rx2, ry2, rz2 As Double

'Dim xi1, yi1, zi1, xi2, yi2, zi2 As Double

Dim gx, gy, gz As Double

Dim a, b, c, xvertex As Double

Dim rim1, tol1, s1 as double

tol1 = 0.0001

'passing through all the surfaces that are given, the intersection of each of them and finding the surface closest to the starting point

'incident beam

success = False

distance = 10 ^ 10

For gn = GroupStart To GroupEnd Step GroupStep

For sn = SurfaceStart (gn) To SurfaceEnd (gn) Step SurfaceStep

'flat surface

If SurfaceType (gn, sn) = 1 Then

xp = x (gn, sn)

yp = y (gn, sn)

zp = z (gn, sn)

enx = Xdir (gn, sn)

eny = Ydir (gn, sn)

enz = Zdir (gn, sn)

Call intplane2 (xs, ys, zs, e1x, e1y, e1z, xp, yp, zp, enx, eny, enz, xi, yi, zi, intplaneflag)

If intplaneflag = True Then

s1 = Sqr ((xi-xs) ^ 2 + (yi-ys) ^ 2 + (zi-zs) ^ 2)

If s1 <distance And s1> tol1 Then

distance = s1

xitemp = xi

yitemp = yi

zitemp = zi

enxtemp = enx

enytemp = eny

enztemp = enz

surftypetemp = "Plane"

gntemp = gn

sntemp = sn

End if

End If 'intplane = true

End if

'' spherical surface

If SurfaceType (gn, sn) = 2 Then

xc = x (gn, sn)

yc = y (gn, sn)

zc = z (gn, sn)

rr = r (gn, sn)

XPl = XPlane (gn, sn)

YPl = YPlane (gn, sn)

ZPl = ZPlane (gn, sn)

enxplane = ENXP (gn, sn)

enyplane = ENYP (gn, sn)

enzplane = ENZP (gn, sn)

Call IntSphere5 (xs, ys, zs, e1x, e1y, e1z, xc, yc, zc, rr, rx, ry, rz, xi, yi, zi, IntSphere5flag)

'Call IntSphere3_Plane_Divide (xs, ys, zs, e1x, e1y, e1z, xc, yc, zc, rr, XPl, YPl, ZPl, enxplane, enyplane, enzplane, rx, ry, rz, xi, yi, zi, intsphere3planeflag)

'Call IntSphere2 (xs, ys, zs, e1x, e1y, e1z, xc, yc, zc, rr, rx, ry, rz, xi, yi, zi, intsphereflag)

If IntSphere5flag = True Then

'If IntSphere5flag = True Then' = 1 Or intsphereflag = 2 Then

s1 = Sqr ((xi-xs) ^ 2 + (yi-ys) ^ 2 + (zi-zs) ^ 2)

If s1 <distance And s1> tol1 Then

distance = s1

xitemp = xi

yitemp = yi

zitemp = zi

enxtemp = rx '?????????????????

enytemp = ry

enztemp = rz

surftypetemp = "Sphere"

gntemp = gn

sntemp = sn

End if

'If intsphereflag = 2 Then

's1 = Sqr ((xi2-xs) ^ 2+ (yi2-ys) ^ 2+ (zi2-zs) ^ 2)

'If s1 <distance And s1> tol1 Then

'distance = s1

'xitemp = xi2

'yitemp = yi2

'zitemp = zi2

'enxtemp = rx2' ?????????????????

'enytemp = ry2

'enztemp = rz2

'surftypetemp = "Sphere"

'gntemp = gn

'sntemp = sn

'End If

'End If' intsphereflag = 2

'End If' intsphere = 1 or 2

End If 'intsphere <> 0

End if 'spherical surface

'' cylindrical surface

If SurfaceType (gn, sn) = 3 Then

x0 = x (gn, sn)

y0 = y (gn, sn)

z0 = z (gn, sn)

gx = Xdir (gn, sn)

gy = Ydir (gn, sn)

gz = Zdir (gn, sn)

rr = r (gn, sn)

Call intcylinder (xs, ys, zs, e1x, e1y, e1z, x0, y0, z0, gx, gy, gz, rr, xi, yi, zi, enx, eny, enz, IntCylinderFlag)

If IntCylinderFlag = True Then

s1 = Sqr ((xi-xs) ^ 2 + (yi-ys) ^ 2 + (zi-zs) ^ 2)

If s1 <distance And s1> tol1 Then

distance = s1

xitemp = xi

yitemp = yi

zitemp = zi

enxtemp = enx

enytemp = eny

enztemp = enz

surftypetemp = "Cylinder"

gntemp = gn

sntemp = sn

End if

End if

End if

'Aperture

If SurfaceType (gn, sn) = 4 Then

xp = x (gn, sn)

yp = y (gn, sn)

zp = z (gn, sn)

enx = Xdir (gn, sn)

eny = Ydir (gn, sn)

enz = Zdir (gn, sn)

Call intplane (xs, ys, zs, e1x, e1y, e1z, xp, yp, zp, enx, eny, enz, xi, yi, zi, intplaneflag)

If intplaneflag = True Then

s1 = Sqr ((xi-xs) ^ 2 + (yi-ys) ^ 2 + (zi-zs) ^ 2)

If s1 <distance And s1> tol1 Then

distance = s1

xitemp = xi

yitemp = yi

zitemp = zi

enxtemp = enx

enytemp = eny

enztemp = enz

surftypetemp = "Aperture"

gntemp = gn

sntemp = sn

End if

End if

End if

'Ellipsoid

If SurfaceType (gn, sn) = 5 Then

a = ax (gn, sn)

b = by (gn, sn)

c = cz (gn, sn)

xvertex = x (gn, sn)

rim1 = RimLocation (gn, sn)

tol1 = 0.000001 '.00001 seems to provide consistent results

Call IntEllipsoid (a, b, c, xvertex, rim1, xs, ys, zs, e1x, e1y, e1z, xi, yi, zi, enx, eny, enz, IntEllipsoidFlag)

If IntEllipsoidFlag = True Then

s1 = Sqr ((xi-xs) ^ 2 + (yi-ys) ^ 2 + (zi-zs) ^ 2)

If s1 <distance And s1> tol1 Then

distance = s1

xitemp = xi

yitemp = yi

zitemp = zi

enxtemp = enx

enytemp = eny

enztemp = enz

surftypetemp = "Ellipsoid"

gntemp = gn

sntemp = sn

End if

End if

End if

'Spline

If SurfaceType (gn, sn) = 6 Then

MsgBox ("Main trace does not support spline")

End if

Next sn

Next gn

'' Target plane

xp = XTarget

yp = 0 #

zp = 0 #

enx = 1 #

eny = 0 #

enz = 0 #

Call intplane (xs, ys, zs, e1x, e1y, e1z, xp, yp, zp, enx, eny, enz, xi, yi, zi, intplaneflag)

If intplaneflag = True Then

s1 = Sqr ((xi-xs) ^ 2 + (yi-ys) ^ 2 + (zi-zs) ^ 2)

If s1 <distance And s1> tol1 Then

distance = s1

xitemp = xi

yitemp = yi

zitemp = zi

enxtemp = enx

enytemp = eny

enztemp = enz

gntemp = 0

sntemp = 0

surftypetemp = "Target"

End if

End if

'' graph boundaries

'Right side

xp = BoundaryRight

yp = 0 #

zp = 0 #

enx = 1 #

eny = 0 #

enz = 0 #

Call intplane (xs, ys, zs, e1x, e1y, e1z, xp, yp, zp, enx, eny, enz, xi, yi, zi, intplaneflag)

If intplaneflag = True Then

s1 = Sqr ((xi-xs) ^ 2 + (yi-ys) ^ 2 + (zi-zs) ^ 2)

If s1 <distance And s1> tol1 Then

distance = s1

xitemp = xi

yitemp = yi

zitemp = zi

enxtemp = enx

enytemp = eny

enztemp = enz

gntemp = 0

sntemp = 0

surftypetemp = "Boundary"

End if

End if

'left-hand side

xp = BoundaryLeft

yp = 0 #

zp = 0 #

enx = -1 #

eny = 0 #

enz = 0 #

Call intplane (xs, ys, zs, e1x, e1y, e1z, xp, yp, zp, enx, eny, enz, xi, yi, zi, intplaneflag)

If intplaneflag = True Then

s1 = Sqr ((xi-xs) ^ 2 + (yi-ys) ^ 2 + (zi-zs) ^ 2)

If s1 <distance And s1> tol1 Then

distance = s1

xitemp = xi

yitemp = yi

zitemp = zi

enxtemp = enx

enytemp = eny

enztemp = enz

gntemp = 0

sntemp = 0

surftypetemp = "Boundary"

End if

End if

'upper side

xp = 0 #

yp = BoundaryTop

zp = 0 #

enx = 0 #

enx = 1 #

enz = 0 #

Call intplane (xs, ys, zs, e1x, e1y, e1z, xp, yp, zp, enx, eny, enz, xi, yi, zi, intplaneflag)

If intplaneflag = True Then

s1 = Sqr ((xi-xs) ^ 2 + (yi-ys) ^ 2 + (zi-zs) ^ 2)

If s1 <distance And s1> tol1 Then

distance = s1

xitemp = xi

yitemp = yi

zitemp = zi

enxtemp = enx

enytemp = eny

enztemp = enz

gntemp = 0

sntemp = 0

surftypetemp = "Boundary"

End if

End if

'down side

xp = 0 #

yp = BoundaryBottom

zp = 0 #

enx = 0 #

eny = -1 #

enz = 0 #

Call intplane (xs, ys, zs, e1x, e1y, e1z, xp, yp, zp, enx, eny, enz, xi, yi, zi, intplaneflag)

If intplaneflag = True Then

s1 = Sqr ((xi-xs) ^ 2 + (yi-ys) ^ 2 + (zi-zs) ^ 2)

If s1 <distance And s1> tol1 Then

distance = s1

xitemp = xi

yitemp = yi

zitemp = zi

enxtemp = enx

enytemp = eny

enztemp = enz

gntemp = 0

sntemp = 0

surftypetemp = "Boundary"

End if

End if

'front side

xp = 0 #

yp = 0 #

zp = 10 ^ 6

enx = 0 #

eny = 0 #

enz = -1 #

Call intplane (xs, ys, zs, e1x, e1y, e1z, xp, yp, zp, enx, eny, enz, xi, yi, zi, intplaneflag)

If intplaneflag = True Then

s1 = Sqr ((xi-xs) ^ 2 + (yi-ys) ^ 2 + (zi-zs) ^ 2)

If s1 <distance And s1> tol1 Then

distance = s1

xitemp = xi

yitemp = yi

zitemp = zi

enxtemp = enx

enytemp = eny

enztemp = enz

gntemp = 0

sntemp = 0

surftypetemp = "Boundary"

End if

End if

'backside

xp = 0 #

yp = 0 #

zp = -10 ^ 6

enx = 0 #

eny = 0 #

enz = 1 #

Call intplane (xs, ys, zs, e1x, e1y, e1z, xp, yp, zp, enx, eny, enz, xi, yi, zi, intplaneflag)

If intplaneflag = True Then

s1 = Sqr ((xi-xs) ^ 2 + (yi-ys) ^ 2 + (zi-zs) ^ 2)

If s1 <distance And s1> tol1 Then

distance = s1

xitemp = xi

yitemp = yi

zitemp = zi

enxtemp = enx

enytemp = eny

enztemp = enz

gntemp = 0

sntemp = 0

surftypetemp = "Boundary"

End if

End if

'final report

If distance <10 ^ 9 Then

success = True

xi = xitemp

yi = yitemp

zi = zitemp

enx = enxtemp

eny = enytemp

enz = enztemp

gnfound = gntemp

snfound = sntemp

surftypefound = surftypetemp

End if

If gnfound = GroupEnd And snfound = SurfaceEnd (gnfound) Then

surftypefound = "Final Surface"

End if

End sub

*********************************.... *********************************.... *******************************

Sub IntSphere5 (xs, ys, zs, e1x, e1y, e1z, xc, yc, zc, r, rx, ry, rz, xi, yi, zi, IntSphere5flag)

'xs, ys, zs - the starting point of the beam

'e1x, e1y, e1z - directing cosines of the beam

'xc, yc, zc - center of the circle

'r is the radius of the sphere

'rx, ry, rz - guide cosines of the radius at the intersection

'xi, yi, zi - the intersection of the ray on the sphere

'intsphereflag = true if intersection found

Dim s1, s2, s3, x1, x2 As Double

Dim LL, L1, L2 As Double

IntSphere5flag = False

s1 = 2 # * ((xs-xc) * e1x + (ys-yc) * e1y + (zs-zc) * e1z)

s2 = (xs-xc) ^ 2 + (ys-yc) ^ 2 + (zs-zc) ^ 2-r ^ 2

s3 = s1 ^ 2-4 # * s2

'no intersection

If s3 <0 Then

Exit sub

End if

'there is only one intersection

If s3 = 0 # Then

LL = -s1 / 2 #

GoTo IntSphere250

End if

'there are two intersections

L1 = (- s1 + Sqr (s3)) / 2 #

L2 = (- s1-Sqr (s3)) / 2 #

'check + L and -L for the side of the chosen sphere (comparison of xc and xi)

If L1 <0 # And L2 <0 # Then

Exit sub

'without crossing

End if

'If L1> 0 # And L2> 0 # Then

'If L1> L2 Then

'l = L1

Else

'l = L2

'End If

'End If

If L1> 0 # Then

xi = xs + L1 * e1x

yi = ys + L1 * e1y

zi = zs + L1 * e1z

If r> 0 # Then

If xi <= xc Then

LL = L1

End if

End if

If r <0 # Then

If xi> = xc Then

LL = L1

End if

End if

End if

If L2> 0 # Then

xi = xs + L2 * e1x

yi = ys + L2 * e1y

zi = zs + L2 * e1z

If r> 0 # Then

If xi <= xc Then

LL = L2

End if

End if

If r <0 # Then

If xi> = xc Then

LL = L2

End if

End if

End if

IntSphere250:

'If l <= 0 Then

'Exit Sub

'End If

xi = xs + LL * e1x

yi = ys + LL * e1y

zi = zs + LL * e1z

rx = (xi-xc) / r

ry = (yi-yc) / r

rz = (zi-zc) / r

s1 = rx ^ 2 + ry ^ 2 + rz ^ 2

'MsgBox ("The sum of the squares of the normal guide cosines" and s1)

''

IntSphere5flag = True

End sub

Claims (37)

1. A set for video display, applicable as a device for protection against counterfeiting for paper money, product labels and other objects, containing: - a film containing a first surface including a matrix of lenses and a second surface opposite to the first surface; and - an image layer near the second surface, the image layer containing pixels of image frames forming interlaced scan relative to two orthogonal axes, wherein said image layer is configured to display an image including a character set, wherein said character set is activated with the first display effect when the kit rotates from a normal viewpoint (POV) around the first axis, and wherein said character set is activated with a second display effect when the kit rotates from a normal POV about a second axis orthogonal to the first axis, wherein said image layer comprises a film with a surface containing metal nanostructures or transparent film nanostructures formed with the ability to provide pixels of image frames interlaced with respect to two orthogonal axes, wherein said frames correspond to a maximum of 62,500 image frames, and metal nanostructures are formed with the ability to encode color information in the dimensional parameters of metal nanostructures in order to specify the color of each of the image frame pixels. 2. The kit of claim 1, wherein the first display effect includes moving a first character subset in a first direction and a second character subset in a second direction opposite to the first direction. 3. The kit according to claim 2, in which the first and second directions are orthogonal to the first axis. 4. The kit of claim 2, wherein the character set includes a foreground character and a plurality of background characters appearing with a layer offset and behind the foreground character, wherein the foreground character remains stationary during the first display effect, while the background characters move relative to the foreground symbol. 5. The kit of claim 4, wherein the background symbols remain stationary during the second display effect, while the foreground symbol is activated to flip or smoothly transform between the first image and the second image different from the first image. 6. The kit according to claim 1, in which the first and second display effects are selected from the group of display effects, consisting of the following: three-dimensional multilayer effect, three-dimensional real effect, movement, flipping, animation, smooth conversion, turning on and off and scaling. 7. The kit of claim 1, wherein the lenses are rounded lenses, square lenses, hexagonal or parallelogram lenses. 8. The kit of claim 7, wherein the matrix lenses are provided with 200 or more lenses per linear inch (LPI) measured along the row of lenses in any direction. 9. The kit of claim 1, wherein said frames comprise a different viewpoint (POV) of one or more images. 10. The kit according to claim 1, in which the film contains a non-embossed or embossed film, which includes metal nanostructures or transparent film nanostructures. 11. The kit according to claim 1, in which metal nanostructures or transparent film nanostructures are provided in increments of less than 10,000 nanometers. 12. The kit of claim 11, wherein the metal nanostructures or transparent film nanostructures provide an effective print resolution of at least 10,000 dpi. 13. The kit of claim 1, wherein the optical pitch of the lens array is consistent with the resonance of color pixels provided by metal nanostructures or transparent film nanostructures. 14. The kit according to claim 1, in which the film contains a layer of gold, aluminum, silver or polymer in which nanostructures are formed. 15. A method of manufacturing a device for protection against counterfeiting, comprising stages in which: - form a print file that sets the biaxial interlaced scan matrix frames with images; - provide a transparent film containing a matrix of lenses on the first surface; and - based on the print file, an ink layer is printed or a thin metal film with nanostructures is provided on a second surface opposite the first surface, wherein the lenses of the matrix are rounded, hexagonal or square lenses that are embedded in the matrix, - wherein the formation of the printed file comprises the step of providing pixel conversion of interlaced images, which when viewed through a lens matrix provide image elements that are first activated in order to provide a first display effect when the anti-counterfeiting device rotates around the first axes, and which are activated in order to provide a second display effect when the anti-counterfeiting device rotates around a second axis, which is etsya transverse to the first axis, wherein the formation of the print file includes the step of combining frames with images from the rows of the matrix to obtain vertical pixel files containing a combination of pixels on the X axis, and then combining the vertical pixel files to obtain a print file, and wherein the formation of a print file specifying a biaxial interlaced scan of a matrix of frames with images comprises a step in which the pixels are converted into two or more of the lenses in the matrix. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein said image frames comprise images from a plurality of viewpoints relative to a horizontal axis and a vertical axis. 17. The method according to p. 15, in which the formation of the printed file contains the stage of adjusting the size of the printed file so that it is consistent with the optical pitch of the lens matrix. 18. The method according to p. 15, in which the first and second display effects are selected from the group of display effects, consisting of the following: three-dimensional multilayer effect, three-dimensional real effect, movement, flipping, animation, smooth conversion, turning on and off and scaling. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first display effect is different from the second display effect. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the first display effect is used to activate the first set of image elements, and the second display effect is used to activate the second set of image elements that is different from the first set of image elements. 21. The method according to p. 15, in which a thin metal film contains a non-embossed or embossed film made in such a way that it includes nanostructures. 22. The method of claim 15, wherein the nanostructures are provided in increments of less than 300 nanometers. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the nanostructures provide an effective print resolution of at least 10,000 dpi.

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