RU2646395C1 - Device for professional selection and initial training of operators of tracking systems - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition; training.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to military equipment, more precisely to the means for professional selection and initial training of operators of guided weapon systems (GWS). Device contains the driver of the stimulus material in the form of a coordinogram of the trajectories of the control object and the cursor-pointer of its position on the trajectory. Registration unit contains counters for recording indicators that characterize the quality of two-coordinate support. Stimulus material is located in four adjacent zones, each of which represents a mirror image of two neighboring zones along one of the coordinate axes.

EFFECT: invention provides an objective registration of the most informative quality indices of two-coordinate support and allows to determine the integral criterion of the level of sensorimotor coordination – the performance of error-free operation.

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Description

The invention relates to military equipment, and more specifically to means for professional selection and initial training of operators of guided weapon systems (ASW), for example, operators of tracking systems for anti-tank missile systems (ATGMs), gunners of tank guided missiles (TUR), operators of anti-aircraft missile and gun systems ( ZRPK) and others, the main activity of which is to direct a guided projectile at a target using a two-coordinate control body and hold the missile tracer on the target until the end of flight time no rockets.

Professional selection is a system of measures aimed at identifying individuals who, by their psychophysiological qualities and personality traits, are most suitable for learning and performing a specific professional activity.

The currently existing methods for the study of psychomotor, as a rule, use hardware to assess individual characteristics of the musculoskeletal system and the apparatus of the working movements of the hands with feedback through the visual analyzer.

In particular, a means of measuring hand tremor is known. Tremor can be considered as an example of the simplest involuntary movement. At the same time, it is inextricably linked with the organization of coordinated movements of different levels, as it combines energy, regulatory and information-coordination characteristics. When examining hand tremors, static tremor (tremor of a hand in a fixed position on the weight) and dynamic tremor (tremor during movement, for example, when tracking a linear or non-linear signal) are distinguished. The Medet meter is a plateau with a metal plate mounted on the top panel. To measure static tremor, 15 holes with a diameter of 2 to 9 mm were drilled in this plate, and the diameter of each subsequent hole was 0.5 mm larger than the previous one. The metal plate is connected to a single electrical circuit with a special pencil and a pulse counter. Each touch of a metal plate with a pencil closes the electric circuit and is recorded by a pulse counter. To measure dynamic tremor, a labyrinth of tracks was cut on the plate. The distance between the walls of the tracks is 3 mm. For the experiment, a stopwatch is used that takes into account the time taken to complete the tasks. To identify the effect of physical exertion on tremor, the experimenter offers the subject to do 20 squats for 30 s. After that, the subject sits down again to the tremometer and repeats all the procedures related to measuring tremor (see, for example, Workshop on Developmental Psychology / Edited by L. A. Golovey, E. F. Rybalko. - St. Petersburg: Rech, 2001) .

There are also described other hardware for evaluating the individual characteristics of the apparatus of the working movements of the hands.

Their common drawback is the limited use (each tool measures only the characteristic for which it is intended).

A device for research of coordination of movement, containing a tremor sensor, made in the form of a conductive track filled with electrolyte. The movement of the probe along the guide track is controlled by the registration unit (see RF patent No. 20088801).

The disadvantages of this device are the limited use (it can only be used in laboratory conditions) and the impossibility of objective registration and evaluation of individual quality indicators of error-free operation, for example, the control coefficient - one of the main indicators of control quality, the duration of error correction, the ability to restructure motor coordination with smooth or a sharp change in stereotypical movement, for example, when switching from a semi-automatic control mode to manual, etc. due to t hat register probe time spent outside of the gap filled with electrolyte.

Solving the problems of professional selection in the ground forces has never been given due attention. In particular, in training centers where training is provided for the operators of CWS, full-time simulators are used for these purposes. A part of the training tasks (according to the choice of the instructor) out of millions of possible simulators provided by the computer systems used for the supply of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (for example, simulators of the 9F660 series for training ATGM operators, 9F676-1 and 9F676-2 simulators for the preparation of air defense missile defense calculations "Shell-S" and a number of others). This exit cannot be considered successful for two reasons: the first is the unreasonably high cost of selection, the second is that professional selection is carried out after the distribution of draftees in military units, and therefore the effect of such a “deferred” professional selection is low. The results are taken into account only in the formation of quasihomogeneous (in their abilities to master the future profession) groups of students for the subsequent differentiation of candidates for calculation numbers in accordance with the level of development of their main professionally important qualities (PVC).

As the experience of professional selection has shown, the most prognostic in terms of its technical and methodological capabilities is a coordinate meter - a device for assessing the sensorimotor abilities of a human operator, which has a high correlation coefficient of test results and work success as part of real weapon systems, which could be used due to its low cost, for example, in military commissariats when conducting a draft for military service.

The simplest coordinate meter is a device, the active part of which is a contact probe - a pointer and a board on which stimulus material is placed - contact tracks having various shapes (straight line, zigzag, spiral, hole). The test subject's task is to pass the probe as fast as possible along a predetermined path without touching the board. In this case, the time for which the path has been traveled is calculated (both the total time of movement coordination and the number of deviations from the given trajectory of movement, which is determined by the number of probe exits outside the working area and recorded by the counter, are recorded (see, for example, Yu. Mokhov Reflexometer, coordinate meter , tremometer. Model-designer, 1985, No. 12, p. 22).

The advantage of this device is its low cost. But it has practically the same drawbacks as its analogues described above, which are used to study movement coordination, i.e. with its help it is impossible to determine the integral criterion for the quality of two-coordinate support.

The authors were faced with the task of creating a relatively inexpensive universal device for the professional selection of KUV operators, providing objective recording of the most informative indicators of the quality of two-coordinate support and, ultimately, determining the integral criterion for the level of sensorimotor coordination - the performance of error-free operation, which has a high correlation coefficient of test results and work success as a part of real CLE.

The problem is solved due to the fact that a block has been entered into the device containing the stimulator material shaper in the form of a coordinateogram - simulated tracks - the motion paths of the control object and a cursor-pointer of its position on the path, a registration block containing counters for recording indicators characterizing the quality of two-coordinate tracking determining an integral criterion for the quality of accompaniment, moreover, the stimulus material is placed in four zones adjacent to each other, each of which It is a mirror image of two neighboring zones along one of the coordinate axes, the inputs of the recording unit are connected to the corresponding outputs of the stimulator material shaper, and the outputs are connected to the corresponding inputs of the integral quality criterion for determining the quality of accompaniment, the output of which is connected to the input of the stimulus material shaper. Moreover, the integral criterion for the quality of tracking is determined by the dependence

,

,

where T is the time taken to complete the coordinate;

- суммарное время нахождения курсора-указателя за пределами координограммы;

- total time spent by the cursor pointer outside the coordinate chart;

N is the number of exits of the cursor pointer beyond the limits of the coordinate diagram.

The stimulus material shaper includes a command sensor, which is an imitator of the control body of the simulated CWC (tank column, handwheels, lever handle, joystick, trackball, etc.), and a mini-computer that forms stimulus material in the form of a coordinate diagram - simulated tracks - the motion paths of the control object and a cursor pointer to its position on the trajectory.

The proposed device for professional selection and training of operators of tracking systems has a combination of essential features not known from the prior art for products of this purpose, which allows us to conclude that the criterion of "novelty" for the invention is met.

The inventive device, according to the applicant and the authors, meets the criterion of "inventive step", because it does not explicitly follow from the prior art, i.e. not known from available sources of scientific, technical and patent information at the filing date.

The essence of the alleged invention is illustrated using figures,

Where

- in FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a device;

- in FIG. 2 - general view of the device.

The proposed device (Fig. 1 and 2) contains a shaper 1 of stimulus material in the form of a coordinate diagram - simulated tracks - trajectories of the control object and the cursor-pointer of its position on the trajectory, block 2 registration, containing counters 3, 4, 5 registration indicators characterizing the quality two-coordinate tracking, and an additionally introduced block 6 for determining the integral criterion for the quality of tracking, moreover, the stimulus material is located in four adjacent zones A, B, C, D, each of which represents a mirror image of two neighboring zones along one of the coordinate axes (X or Y), the inputs of the recording unit 2 are connected to the corresponding outputs of the stimulator material shaper 1, and the outputs are connected to the corresponding inputs of the integral quality criterion for determining the quality of tracking, the output of which is connected to the input shaper 1 stimulus material.

Shaper 1 of the stimulus material includes a sensor 7 commands, which is a simulator of the control body simulated KUV (lever handle, joystick, tank column, trackball, etc.) and a mini-computer 8, which forms the stimulus material in the form of a coordinate 9, cursor 10 and its position at a given time.

Block 2 registration contains a group of counters that record the most informative indicators of the quality of two-coordinate tracking. Within the scope of one task, this is: the time it takes to pass the coordinateogram or part of it in the selected zone - the integral time of the test, the time the cursor is outside the coordinate and the number of exits, which corresponds to the duration of the correction of errors and their number.

Block 2 registration contains a counter 3, fixing the total time of the test, counter 4, fixing the total time spent by the cursor pointer outside the coordinates, and counter 5, fixing the number of exits of the cursor pointer beyond it.

Counters 3, 4, 5 can be made on the basis of domestic chips of the TTL and CMOS series, for example, binary decimal counters K555IE6, K555IE9, K176IE9, etc.

The unit for determining the integral criterion for the quality of accompaniment is a mini-computer that evaluates the performance of the test task according to the dependence

,

,

where Q _cp is the error-free performance (task execution speed - passing a given coordinateogram);

L _K is the length of the traversed portion of the coordinateogram;

T is the time taken to complete the coordinateogram;

K is an integral criterion for the quality of two-coordinate tracking, which can be expressed by the following relation:

,

,

where K ₁ - control coefficient, determined by the dependence

,

,

K ₂ is a coefficient depending on the number of exits of the cursor pointer beyond the limits of the coordinate diagram and calculated by the dependence:

,

,

where T is the time taken to complete the coordinate;

- суммарное время нахождения курсора-указателя за пределами координограммы;

- total time spent by the cursor pointer outside the coordinate chart;

N is the number of exits of the cursor pointer beyond the limits of the coordinate diagram.

Thus, the integral quality criterion for two-coordinate tracking is determined by the dependence

All calculated quality indicators of two-coordinate tracking are stored in the memory of the unit 6 for determining the integral criterion of tracking quality and, if necessary, can be displayed on a monitor screen or printed, for example, according to form 11 of FIG. 2.

A device for professional selection and initial training of tracking system operators, taking into account the above description, works as follows.

Having received a command to start work, the examined candidate for operators, having combined using the sensor 7 commands that simulate the control element of a specific CWP, cursor 10 with the beginning of the proposed coordinate 9, performs activities adequate to his subsequent combat work by moving cursor 10 from the beginning to the end of the coordinate 9. In this case, the counters 3, 4, 5 of the registration block 2 record the quality indicators of the passage of the coordinate 9 (or its part in the selected zone): the total test execution time, the total cursor-uk indicator 10 outside the coordinate 9 and the number of exits beyond it and transmit the measured data for processing to block 6 for determining the integral quality criterion for tracking, where the latter is calculated according to the above dependence. The results are displayed on a monitor screen or printed, for example, according to form 11 of FIG. 2.

The placement of stimulus material in four adjacent zones A, B, C, D, each of which represents a mirror image of two neighboring coordinates along one of the axes (X or Y), allows you to expand the functionality of the device by changing the conditions for tracking the coordinate diagram and implementation thereby various control laws:

- direct guidance on the coordinates X and Y;

- reverse guidance in the X coordinate and direct in the Y coordinate;

- direct guidance in the X coordinate and inverse in the Y coordinate;

- reverse guidance in X and Y coordinates;

The introduction of such test tasks will allow, in our opinion, to more objectively assess the level of sensorimotor coordination of the subject during the implementation of various control laws and thereby increase the validity of professional selection. In addition, the proposed device can be used both as a functional simulator for the targeted development of such an ICP candidate for operators and as complex sensorimotor coordination, which subsequently reduces the amount of special training.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that when performing a task that is functionally adequate for tracking on the device’s screen the guidance of the simulated CCF of a difficult moving target, a device for professional selection of CCF operators provides objective registration of the most informative quality indicators of two-coordinate tracking and, ultimately, determination of the integral criterion sensorimotor coordination level - error-free operation performance having a high correlation coefficient p results of testing and successful operation in the actual IMC.

Thus, by introducing into the composition of the proposed device a unit for determining the integral criterion of the quality of accompaniment, which calculates the integral criterion of the subject’s professional suitability — the performance of error-free operation, and the placement of stimulus material in four adjacent zones, each of which is a mirror image of two neighboring zones along one of the coordinate axes and requires the implementation of the corresponding control law, the proposed device will allow no increase the validity of the professional selection, and due to the objective differentiation of candidates for operators to individualize a program for their further training, which ultimately reduce the total time of their training.

The inventive device can be implemented and applied for professional selection and organization of training in the troops, military commissariats and higher military educational institutions, which, according to the applicant and the authors, can serve as evidence of compliance with the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Claims (6)

1. A device for professional selection and initial training of tracking system operators, which contains a stimulator material shaper in the form of coordinate diagrams - simulated tracks - motion paths of the control object and a cursor-pointer of its position on the trajectory, a registration unit that includes counters for recording indicators characterizing the quality of two-coordinate tracking, characterized in that a unit for determining the integral criterion of quality of support is introduced into it, the inputs of the registration unit being connected the corresponding outputs of the shaper of the stimulus material, and the outputs are connected to the corresponding inputs of the block for determining the integral criterion of quality of accompaniment, the output of which is connected to the input of the shaper of the stimulus material, while the stimulus material is placed in four zones adjacent to each other, each of which is a mirror image of two adjacent zones along one of the coordinate axes, and the integral criterion for tracking quality is determined by the following relationship:

where T is the time taken to complete the coordinate; T _s - the total time spent by the cursor pointer outside the coordinates; N is the number of exits of the cursor pointer beyond the limits of the coordinate diagram. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the stimulus material shaper comprises a command sensor, which is an imitator of a control body of a simulated complex of guided weapons, and a mini-computer that generates stimulus material in the form of a coordinate diagram, the output of the command sensor being connected to the input of a mini COMPUTER.

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