RU2514295C1 - Method of bearing-guarding elements of wall timber from small-dimension timber stock - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to woodwork, Log is rounded up and its end is milled to preset shape and separated by sawing. Then, grooves are cut at remainder two-edged cant for insulant and bearing-guarding elements of composite wall cant are sawn off. Bearing sites of guarding elements feature different width equal to 1/3 and 2/3 widths of two-edged cant site. Element with site width equal to 1/3 of that of two-edged cant site is sawn to two parts of equal height. Grooves are milled for insulant composed of sealant cord opposite the site with groove at parts of sawn element. Element with site width equal to 2/3 of that of two-edged cant site is sawn to two parts of equal to 1/3 of said cant. One of said parts is similar to guarding element with width equal to 1/3 of cant side width while second part is an edge-surfaces lumber. Lumber of identical cross-section is fitted instead of sawn off lumber and screwed in place at guarding element.

EFFECT: higher yield of commercial timber.

9 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction and woodworking industries, in particular to timber structures used for the erection of walls of wooden residential buildings and other buildings, and to a method for manufacturing prefabricated supporting wall elements of a wall beam from fine materials.

The construction of wooden manors in the traditions of the Russian people [V.N. Rudakov, A.Yu. Sopotsko “Planning and repair of a rural residential building”, Moscow, Rosselkhozizdat, 1987, pp. 108-113], a significant drawback of which is the complexity Carpentry manual work and the consumption of large amounts of wood at the construction site (a lot goes to waste). Such houses retain heat well, have thick walls, but require a deeper finish and are built for a long time.

Fellings of houses are constructed, as a rule, from logs and timber of natural humidity of 60-70% and must necessarily stand without windows and doors, but under the roof for 2-3 years "in the wind" for drying and shrinkage.

A tree is a natural conditioner: it “breathes”, constant heat and air exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the dwelling, which ultimately leads to the creation of a microclimate that is optimal in humidity and oxygen content in the dwelling.

But a large degree of shrinkage, comprising 8-10% of the height of the log house, increases the construction time to three to four years. For these reasons, in recent years, the construction of dry log houses has been steadily increasing. Felling from dry logs with a moisture content of 18-22% reduces the construction time by 5-6 times, the shrinkage of the log house is 1.5-2.0% of the height of the log house.

However, the main disadvantage of obtaining dry logs is the formation of significant cracks on the visible surface of the log (up to 10 mm due to the large diameter and the absence of compensation grooves) during chamber or natural drying of wood, as a result of the removal of internal stresses in the wood. Cracks significantly reduce the durability of buildings and lead to increased heat loss.

For these reasons, the alternative was the widespread use of glued structures: beams and logs as wall materials of buildings and structures [RU 2325988, 10.06.2008]. It is known that glued timber [RU 2266373] consists of a package of boards glued together and longitudinal inserts and is manufactured at house-building plants.

It is also known that glued beams and glued rounded logs have common drawbacks: a significant reduction in heat and air exchange between the atmosphere and the dwelling due to the presence of adhesive layers when they are prefabricated, as well as large losses of wood during sawing, planing and milling as a finished product, and its constituent bars, bars and boards. And, most importantly, the service life of a glued beam house, developed relatively recently, is unknown, and solid wood houses have been serving people for centuries.

The well-known "beam for the assembly of a wooden log house" [RU 77885 U1, 10.11.2008], eliminating the noted drawbacks of glued beams. Also known is the "Method of processing wood raw materials into lumber for a modern homestead" [RU 2385219 C1, 03/27/2010], which makes it possible to obtain supporting and protecting elements of a prefabricated wall beam with a maximum yield of industrial wood.

A common drawback of the known developments is that they provide for the use of large-sized wood raw materials, which are becoming increasingly scarce (and, naturally, more expensive) due to the depletion of forest raw material bases. With modern forestry (thinning, selective cutting, etc.), more and more fine-grained raw materials (in their properties not different from ripe wood), previously not used in the construction of log houses, are being processed.

The present invention is to develop a method of manufacturing a prefabricated wall beam, namely its supporting and enclosing elements (OOE), from fine wood raw materials, combining both aesthetic appearance and durability, and all the positive qualities inherent in a wooden house made from larch wood or cedar, but combining in its new form the properties of these rocks into a single whole.

The technical problem solved by the invention is the development of a method for the manufacture of OOE of a wall beam having a height greater than its width, as well as the development of a scheme for cutting fine wood raw materials (with maximum yield of commercial wood, both whole and ground) and the assembly procedure of the elements leaving them them properties, namely their surfaces in contact with atmospheric influences.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of manufacturing the OOE of a wall beam from fine wood raw materials includes rounding the log and milling it on the outside in order to give the finishing materials a given shape with their simultaneous separation by sawing, and then grooves are milled on the remaining two-edged beam insulation and separate the OOE of the prefabricated wall beam by sawing, according to the invention, the supporting areas of the enclosing elements have different widths equal to 1/3 and 2/3 of the width of the double antenna beam, and narrower by sawing, is divided into two parts of equal height, and on the planes closer to the sapon side, insulation grooves are milled, and an element with a platform width equal to 2/3 of the width of the two-edged beam area is cut into two parts by sawing equal to 1/3 of the width of the platform of the two-edged beam, one of which is similar to the enclosing element with a width of 1/3 of the width of the platform of the beam, and the second is edged sawn timber of the radial saw, and edged material is fixed in its place (the same section, but of other breeds) by means of screws, then on the platforms assembled in two parts, one of which is an edged board, of the element, the parts of the divided element are installed, combining the grooves in which the cord sealant is pre-fixed, all fasten with screws, and all components are installed with their sapwood surfaces on one side and then this surface assembled from parts is milled from the sap side, but first, by sawing with a band saw, the workpiece is separated from the assembled element for production LfTetanus material. Prior to all operations, debarking the log by removing the bark.

The invention is illustrated in figure 1, which presents the procedure for processing thin wood raw materials and manufacturing OOE wall timber.

The order of operations is as follows:

1) the movement of the source of non-root raw materials

2) debarking

3) cylindering

4) Department of finishing materials,

5) milling of grooves and separation of a two-edged beam into OOE,

6) dividing the element into two workpieces of equal height

7) milling of grooves,

8) separation of edged lumber,

9) fixing in place of the separated board a new, similar in size, but different breed of lumber and installation of cord sealant,

10) assembly of the OOE from the components and separation of the workpiece for the production of finishing material,

11) giving OOE the shape of the surface of the log by milling.

The technological process is as follows. The feedstock in the form of fine non-barked wood 1 enters the woodworking plant and is subjected to debarking 2 by removing the bark and taking it to a separate bunker. Then the barked log is fed to a cylindering machine, where it is shaped into a cylinder 3 of a predetermined diameter, and the chips removed by milling enter the chopped wood bunker. Operation 4 provides for giving the finishing materials a given shape (spike and groove) and separating them from the rounded log. Grooves are milled on the obtained two-edged beam and divided into OOE 5. Operations 6 and 7 divide the element into two parts of equal height and cut it on new sites of insulation grooves by milling. Operations 8 and 9 provide for the separation from the workpiece (the width of which is 2/3 of the width of the platform of a two-edged beam) of edged lumber and fixing with screws in its place a new, similar in size, but different breed of lumber and fixing on the assembled part in the grooves of the cord sealant. Operation 10 provides for the assembly of OOE from components, their fastening by means of screws and separation of the workpiece for the production of finishing materials.

The obtained OOE has a height equal to the double height of a two-edged beam, and the separated billet increases the yield of whole valuable sapwood. Operation 11 is carried out in order to give the OOE the shape of the surface of the log by milling. All wood chopped during operations 3-11 in the form of wood chips, shavings and sawdust enters the hopper and is sold to other enterprises for processing.

The advantage of the proposed method is the manufacture of OOE wall timber from fine, wood raw materials, previously almost not used in the construction of log houses, with a maximum yield of business, both solid and ground wood, which leads to increased economic efficiency of enterprises in the construction and woodworking industries, leads to increase the pace of construction and cheaper houses.

Claims (9)

1. A method of manufacturing support and enclosing elements of a wall beam from fine wood raw materials, including cylindering the log and milling it on the outside to give the finishing materials a given shape with their simultaneous separation by sawing, and then grooves for insulation are milled on the remaining two-edged beam and separating the supporting enclosing elements of the prefabricated wall beam by sawing, characterized in that the supporting areas of the enclosing elements have different widths equal to 1/3 and 2/3 of the width of the area two-edged beam. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the element with a width of the platform equal to 1/3 of the width of the platform of a two-edged beam, by sawing, is divided into two parts of equal height. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the obtained parts of the divided element from the side opposite to the platform with the groove, closer to the sapwood side they are made by milling the grooves for the insulation in the form of a cord sealant. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the element with a width of the platform equal to 2/3 of the width of the platform of the two-edged beam, by sawing, is divided into two parts equal to 1/3 of the width of the platform of the two-edged beam, one of which is similar to the enclosing element with a width of 1 / 3 of the width of the beam, and the second is edged lumber. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that lumber of a similar cross section, but of a different breed, is installed in place of the separated edged sawn timber and fastened with screws to the enclosing element. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the parts of the divided element with their longitudinal flat areas are installed on the site assembled from different breeds of the element, combining their grooves with the grooves of the assembled from different breeds of the element in which the cord sealant is fixed, and they are fastened with screws, moreover, all components are set with their sapwood surfaces on one side. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire surface assembled from parts from the sap side is milled in order to give it a shape of the surface of the log. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that prior to milling the supporting-enclosing element assembled from parts from the sap side, the workpiece is separated by sawing for the production of finishing material. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that prior to the cylindering, debark the log by removing the bark.

Images