RU2508151C2 - Method of removal soluble contaminants from water and means to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to water treatment. Water treatment means represent a bulky material composed of glass fibers 100-400 nm in diameter and with bulk density of 12-26 kg/m³. Water is cleaned by forcing it through the layer of said material.

EFFECT: non-polluting efficient cleaning agent.

2 cl, 4 tbl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to the purification of natural waters, i.e. waters contained in open-type natural reservoirs (rivers, lakes, swamps, etc.); at the same time, the problem of water purification in domestic, country, camping and other (emergency) conditions is solved by individual consumers in order to provide themselves with the amount of drinking water that is the minimum necessary for daily consumption.

As far as the applicant and the authors are aware, today there is no technical solution to the problem that would be acceptable to a wide range of individual consumers.

The following is a set of requirements for the means and method of purification of natural water, based on the task.

1. The water purifier must be environmentally friendly.

2. The tool should be completely affordable, ie produced on an industrial scale according to the regulatory technical documentation approved in the established manner.

3. The tool and method should be easy to use for any individual use.

4. The product should be so cheap that it should be used once to obtain a volume of water that meets the daily needs of a person (2-3 liters).

5. The tool and method should ensure the purification of natural water to conditions that meet (or are close in value) the requirements for drinking water according to the main standardized indicators.

The closest analogue in relation to the invention is the development of "Filter" Golden formula ". (http://www.goldenfilter.ru/ Filters for water purification produced by LLC "Holding" Golden Formula "on the basis of USRM).

It is proposed to use the so-called so-called filter at the heart of this filter. high reactivity carbon mixture (named by the developers of the UVR). According to this development, water is passed through a layer of SPM, enclosed in a housing.

The disadvantage of this development is that the material used in the filter is not widely available and - most importantly - it is too expensive for one-time use; in order to reduce the cost of water treatment, the filter has to be used repeatedly, interruptions are inevitable, as a result of which biochemical processes can develop in the filter with the formation of new toxic products, which can lead to secondary water pollution with repeated use of the filter.

Over the past two years, there have been many critical reviews of the Petrik filter in the press and in the media. In particular, in many sources it is noted that when using Petrik filters in purified water, the content of heavy metal ions increases. Participants in the international forum “Pure Water 2010” held on 10/17/10 in Moscow formally appealed to the country's leadership to ban the use of Petrik filters. (http: /www.infox.ru/science/fake/2010/07/07/FiltryPyetrika-try.phtml). As a result, the Moscow City Court banned the use of the abbreviation EMERCOM and the name Shoigu on Petrik filters (http: /news.yandex.ru/yandsearek? ...). As a result, the Shoigu Golden Formula portable flow-through filters have been discontinued.

Another analogue is the patent RU No. 2381052 "A method of obtaining a highly heat-resistant, durable filter

fibrous material. " As is known (A.G. Kasatkin. The main processes and apparatuses of chemical technology. Ed. Chemistry, M., 1971. - p.194), "filtering is the process of separation of suspensions using porous partitions that trap the solid phase of the suspension and pass liquid phase ", i.e. the filter material proposed in patent RU No. 2381052 is intended for removal of suspended particles and no data are given on the sorption of materials from solutions by the material. In addition, the high density (200-900 kg / m ³ ) and the strength of the filter material causes an underdeveloped inner surface, which in principle is not able to absorb substances dissolved in water. Despite the fact that glass fibers with a diameter of 0.2 to 10 μm are also present in the filter material, they are only part of the overall composition of 2-4 different components of the filter material, and with a high probability perform only a reinforcing function.

In this invention, as a means for purifying natural water, it is proposed to use a bulk material of glass fiber bonded together by natural cohesion. This material is produced industrially by Novgorod Glass Fiber Plant LLC (Veliky Novgorod) in the form of so-called mats - volumetric plates with a size of 1 × 1 meter and a density of 10 ... 15 kg / m ³ . At the same time, fiberglass mats having a diameter of 100, 180, 250 and 400 nm are produced according to the relevant specifications. This material is non-toxic, environmentally friendly, odorless, outwardly and to the touch similar to ordinary cotton wool. It is used as a raw material for the production of sheet composite materials such as paper and cardboard for industrial use.

On the use of fiberglass bulk materials as a means for cleaning water from soluble contaminants, no information is available.

We first established the ability of bulk material from glass fibers to absorb organic and mineral substances dissolved in water, and on this basis it is proposed to use it as a means for water purification.

To carry out water purification according to the proposed method, bulk material from glass fibers is laid on a funnel and purified water is passed through its layer, pouring it so that the water completely covers the layer of glass fibers; at the same time, water from the funnel is taken both in the free flow mode and in slow mode, by installing a control valve at the outlet of the funnel. (In the latter case, the cleaning efficiency is increased, see example 2).

The cleaning efficiency is also affected by the volume of water passed per unit mass of fiberglass (l / g - see example 1) and the surface density of the layer of material laid on the funnel (g / cm ² - see example 3). The artificial compaction of the bulk material dramatically reduces the cleaning efficiency (example 5). Therefore, do not compact the material when laying on the funnel.

The proposed material and cleaning method can also be used for the purification of tap water (see example 6).

As can be seen from the above example 1, the specific consumption of material for cleaning 1 liter of water is from 0.8 to 1.3 g. At the current price level for glass fibers produced by Novgorod Glass Fiber LLC, the cost of cleaning 1 liter of water will be 0.5 ... 2, 6 rubles, which is significantly lower than the price of bottled drinking water, which is about 15 rubles.

To ensure widespread use of the invention, it is possible in the future to produce a kind of “cartridges” - precisely measured and appropriately shaped glass fiber hanging placed in plastic bags. Further, it is enough to remove the “cartridge”, place it on a funnel (reusable) and pass a certain amount of water through it. At the end of the process, the “cartridge” is discarded.

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLE 1. As a means for water purification used bulk material of glass fibers with a diameter of 250 nm, manufactured by OCX) "Novgorod Glass Fiber Plant" (bulk density of the sample 12 kg / m ³ ). A portion of the material in an amount of 4 g was evenly distributed on a Buchner funnel with a diameter of 80 mm and a certain volume of water taken from the Severnaya Dvina River was passed through its layer in the free flow mode. The surface density of laying the material on the funnel was 0.08 g / cm ³ , the flow rate of water in experiments was 19.5 ml / g · min.

5 experiments were conducted, the water flow in which ranged from] to 5 liters. The results of the experiments are presented in table 1, from which it can be seen that in all cases the purified water for all the studied indicators satisfies the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1175-02 “Hygienic requirements for the quality of water in non-centralized water supply. Sanitary protection of sources. " The minimum sorbent consumption is 0.8 g / l.

Table 1 The results of the experiments, example 1 Volume
purified water, l Water Pollution Indicators Permanganate oxidation, mg · O ₂ / l The aluminum content, mg / DM ³ Total hardness, ml · equiv / l Color, hail PH value one 4.8 0,055 1.7 19 6.5 2 4.8 0,057 1,6 21 7.0 3 5,6 0,061 1.9 24 6.5 four 5.7 0.058 1.9 26 7.0 5 5.7 0,060 1.9 26 6.9 Source water 17.6 0.400 3,1 52 5.8 Norms on SanPiN 2.1.4.1175-02 within 5-7 no more than 0,500 7-10 thirty 6.0-9.0

EXAMPLE 2. Two samples of 4 g each of a bulk material of fiberglass with a diameter of 250 nm were placed on two Buchner funnels with a diameter of 80 mm and 3 l of water taken from the Severnaya Dvina river were passed through each, while in the first experiment, water was passed in free flow mode (the flow rate was 20.5 ml / g · min), and in the second water was passed with a slow withdrawal (flow rate - 4.5 ml / g · min).

From the results presented in table 2, it can be seen that this is when artificially slowing the speed of water flow through the bulk material, a higher cleaning effect is achieved in all respects.

table 2 The results of the experiments, example 2 Speed
water flow, ml / g · min Water Pollution Indicators Permanganate oxidizability, mg · O ₂ / l The aluminum content, mg / DM ³ Total hardness, ml · equiv / l Color, hail PH value 20.5 5.7 0,081 2,3 26 6.2 4,5 4.8 0,057 1,6 twenty 7.0 Source water 19.6 0.400 3.0 54 6.0

EXAMPLE 3. Three samples of bulk material taken under the conditions of Example 1 weighing 4 g each were placed on 3 funnels of different diameters so that at the same bulk density the surface density (in g / cm ") turned out to be different. 1 funnel was passed through each funnel liter of water taken from the Severnaya Dvina river, at a flow rate of 18-20 ml / gmin.The results of the experiments are presented in table 3.

Table 3 The results of the experiments, example 3 The surface density of the material, g / cm ² Water Pollution Indicators Permanganate oxidizability. mg · O ₂ / l The aluminum content, mg / DM ³ Total hardness, ml · equiv / l The content of chlorine compounds, * ml / l PH value 0.05 6.3 0,061 1.8 148 6.5 0.08 5.7 0,057 1.7 120 6.6 0.12 4.9 0,055 1,6 115 6.6 Source water 19.6 0.318 3.2 360 6.0 *) - permissible chloride content according to SanPiN 2.1.4.1 1 75-02 no more than 350 ml / l

With an increase in the surface density of laying material on the funnel, the efficiency of water purification in terms of permanganate oxidizability increases, which in this example (as in the previous ones) is the main criterial indicator of the quality of water purification, since all other indicators of purified water are much lower than the maximum permissible (according to SanPiN 2.1 .4.1 1 75-02) levels.

EXAMPLE 4. Four samples of bulk material of glass fibers, differing in fiber diameter - 100, 180, 250 and 400 nm - and having approximately the same bulk density - 10, 11, 12.5 and 15 kg / m ³ respectively - were placed on 4 identical Buchner funnels with a diameter of 80 mm (the mass of the sample on each funnel is 4 g). 1 liter of water taken from the Severnaya Dvina river was passed through each funnel in the free flow mode.

The test results (table 4) show that all samples provide a fairly effective treatment of water.

Table 4 The results of the experiments, example 4 Diameter of glass fibers, nm Water Pollution Indicators Permanganate oxidation, mgO ₂ / l The aluminum content, mg / DM ³ Total hardness, ml · equiv / l The content of chlorine compounds, ml / l PH value one hundred 4.9 0.05 1,6 150 6.6 180 5,0 0.05 1.7 160 6.6 250 5.2 0.06 1.8 160 6.5 400 5.8 0.09 2.1 180 6.4 Source water 25 0.490 4.0 300 5.8

EXAMPLE 5. 4 experiments were carried out in which 4 g of fiberglass material with a diameter of 250 g and a bulk density of 12 kg / m ³ were taken; in the first experiment, the sample was laid without preliminary compaction, and in subsequent experiments, it was compacted to 17, 26, and 102 kg / m ³ . In each experiment, 1 liter of water from the Severnaya Dvina river was passed through a funnel, and the indicator “permanganate oxidizability” was monitored at the outlet, the numerical values of which were at densities of 12, 17, 26, and 102 kg / m ^3, respectively 5.2; 5.7; 7.2 and 17.4 mg · O ₂ / L with an initial water pollution of 19.6 mg · O ₂ / L.

EXAMPLE 6 Tested the effectiveness of use

fiberglass for tertiary treatment of tap water. They took water from the water supply network in one of the outskirts of the city of Arkhangelsk. Test conditions: material — fiberglass with a diameter of 250 nm, bulk density 12 kg / m ³ , surface density 0.08 g / cm ² , water flow rate 21.8 ml / g · min, water flow rate 1 l / g. "Permanganate oxidation" volume of water passed through the material was 6.4 mg · O ₂ / L compared to 7.2 mg.O ₂ / L selected tap water that demonstrates the effectiveness of the use of the bulk material of the glass fibers for purification of tap water Low quality.

Claims (2)

1. The use of bulk material from glass fibers with a diameter of 100 to 400 nm and a bulk density of 12 to 26 kg / m ³ as a means for purifying water from soluble contaminants. 2. A method of purifying water from soluble contaminants by passing through a material absorbing pollution, characterized in that the water is passed through a bulk material of glass fibers with a diameter of from 100 to 400 nm with a bulk density of from 12 to 26 kg / m ³ .