RU2503127C2 - Multifunctional space relay system for data communication with space and terrestrial users - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: system is configured to transmit information from a space user through relay satellites, for which the relay satellites have onboard relay equipment for transmitting information between space users and terrestrial reception and transmission stations; space users have equipment for transmitting and receiving information through relay satellites; the terrestrial reception and transmission stations have equipment for data communication with space users through relay satellites; the system is configured for centralised control of relay and communication channels.

EFFECT: faster delivery of information from space users, providing centralised control of relay and communication channels of a space relay system.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of radio communications using satellite transponders in high, for example, geostationary orbit, and is intended for primary use in global space relay and communication systems that carry out information exchange with space and ground subscribers.

A multifunctional space communication system is known, including constellations of satellites in geostationary, mid-altitude and low-altitude orbits, in which at least one geostationary satellite is connected via a communication line to a ground control station (RF patent No. 2302695, H04B 7/185). At the same time, geostationary satellites are connected to each other by communication lines and are intended for relaying:

- control signals from the ground control point to mid- and low-altitude satellites with which they can be connected via communication lines;

- information signals received from mid- and low-altitude satellites to a ground control point.

A multi-purpose space system is known, which includes relay satellites (SR) in high elliptical orbit, a ground control complex of relay satellites (NKU SR) and low-altitude space subscribers (NKU KA), means of information exchange with the spacecraft directly with ground-based reception points and information transmission (PPPI), means of information exchange between terrestrial subscribers (ON) and central earth stations (CES) through the aforementioned SR (RF patent No. 2360848, B64G 1/10, H04B 7/185, G01S 13/06).

With the full range of information exchange with the spacecraft, including in the general case the exchange of control information (command-program and telemetric information) and the reception of target information, the above-mentioned PPPI in this system are:

- a command-measuring station, which is part of the NKU KA, transmitting command-program information (KPI) to the KA and receiving telemetry information (TMI) from the KA;

- stations of the ground-based complex for the reception, processing and distribution of space data, which receive target information (CI) from the spacecraft.

The multipurpose nature of this system is due, in particular, to the maintenance of the spacecraft and the spacecraft, and the latter include emergency beacons of the rescue system COSPAS-SARSAT, hydrometeorological platforms and stations of mobile satellite communications, which, along with the spacecraft, receive signals for determining the position from GLONASS-type space navigation systems and differential corrections to the signals of this system.

The disadvantages of the above system is the low efficiency of information delivery from the spacecraft, as well as the lack of centralized control of its relay and communication channels.

This space system is closest to the space system according to the invention and is therefore selected as a prototype.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of delivery of information from space subscribers, as well as providing centralized control of the relay channels and communications of the space relay system.

The multifunctional space system for information exchange with space and terrestrial subscribers according to the invention, as well as the specified prototype according to RF patent No. 2 360 848, contains relay satellites in high, for example, geostationary orbit, ground control system of spacecraft and spacecraft, means of information exchange with The spacecraft directly with ground-based AIS and means of information exchange between NA and CZS through the mentioned SR.

To achieve this goal, the proposed system is built with the possibility of transmitting information from the spacecraft through the SR, for which the SRs contain on-board relay equipment for transmitting information between the spacecraft and the AIPP, space subscribers contain equipment for transmitting and receiving information through a SR, and the AIPP contain information exchange equipment with space subscribers via relay satellites, the proposed system is built with the possibility of centralized monitoring and control of relay and communication channels, for which m relay control center and communications (Zürs), and PIPs and the hub include, respectively, the simulators equipment space and terrestrial subscribers.

In this case, the SDGS is connected by land lines with the NKU SR and NKU KA, PPPI and CZS, and PPPI - with NKU KA.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in figures 1 to 6, where:

- figure 1 presents the structure of the system as a whole;

- figure 2 shows the composition of the equipment of the space subscriber;

- figure 3 shows the composition of the equipment of the satellite relay;

- figure 4 shows the hardware composition of the ground-based point of reception and transmission of information;

- figure 5 shows the hardware composition of the central earth station;

- figure 6 shows the hardware composition of the control center of the relay and communication.

The proposed multifunctional space relay system (MKSR) in accordance with the structure shown in figure 1 contains the following main parts:

- a high-orbit relay satellite (1) located, for example, in a geostationary orbit;

- space subscriber (2), located in low Earth orbit;

- ground-based satellite-relay satellite control complex (3), structurally consisting of a flight control center (MCC) SR and a command-measuring station (CIS) SR (not shown in FIG. 1);

- ground-based space subscriber management system (4), also consisting of a MCC KA and KIS KA (not shown in Fig. 1);

- ground station for receiving and transmitting information (5);

- ground subscribers (6);

- central earth station (7);

- Relay and communications control center (8). In addition, figure 1 shows:

- consumers of targeted information (9);

- satellite communication channels (11-19);

- ground communication channels (20-26).

The purpose of satellite and terrestrial channels and the types of information transmitted through them will be considered in the course of further presentation of the logic of the work presented by the ISSR.

For simplicity of presentation, such components of the ISSR, such as NKU SR, NKU KA, SR, KA, PPPI and CZS are shown in FIG. 1 in the singular, although in principle their number is not limited by the scope of this invention.

In the considered MKSR, NKU SR 3 forms and transmits to SR 1 KPI and removes TMI through channel 11, designed to control SR 1. In turn, NKU KA 4 carries out the formation and transfers to KA 2 KPIs and removes TMI through channel 12, intended for direct control of spacecraft 2. The target information generated onboard the spacecraft 2 (for example, data obtained by remote sensing of the Earth) is transmitted directly to the SPPI 5 when there is radio visibility in its zone through channel 13.

In contrast to the prototype system, in the ISSR under consideration, KA 2 has the ability to transmit DI and TMI through channel 14 in the direction of SR 1, through which the DI and TMI is relayed through channel 15 to PPPI 5. In the opposite direction, PPPI 5 transmits the addressed KA 2 KPI, which is relayed to this KA on channel 14.

In the cases described above, channel 12 forms a direct control channel of spacecraft 2, and channels 14 and 15 form the so-called satellite control loop of this spacecraft.

For the satellite control loop KA 2 to function, the NKU KA 4 generates and transmits to KPPI 5 via channel 20 the KPI KA 2 addressed, and in the opposite direction receives the TMI received from it. At the same time, received PPPI 5 from KA 2 through channels 13 or 15 of the QI through channel 21 is transmitted to one of the consumers of the QI 9 for subsequent processing.

Thus, when using at least two geostationary SR 1 and at least the same number of SPPI 5, it is possible to control and remove the QI from SP 2 when the latter is located at any point in its orbit and at any time, regardless of whether SP 2 in the radio visibility zone of KIS NKU KA 4 or PPPI 5.

For information exchange with the Earth, both directly and through CP 1, the composition of the onboard equipment 30 KA 2 includes (figure 2):

- target equipment 31, for example, monitoring the surface of the Earth;

- airborne control complex (BKU) 32, monitoring and control of all spacecraft 2 systems;

- information exchange equipment with ground-based radio satellite data transmitting equipment, including transmit-receive equipment (PAS) of the space-to-Earth channel 33 together with antenna 34 for direct communication with the spacecraft NKU 4 and the radio satellite 5;

- equipment for transmitting and receiving information through the SR, including the PAM channel "space - space" 35 in conjunction with the antenna 36 for communication with PPPI 5 through SR 1.

On-board equipment 30 KA operates as follows. The command and program information defining the program of operation of the target equipment 31 and KA 2 as a whole in a certain section of its orbit can be incorporated into the BKU 32 in two ways.

With direct control of spacecraft 2 from the Earth, the PAC of the space-to-Earth channel 33 through the antenna 34 receives the KPI from the NKU KA 4 on the channel 12. In the opposite direction, on the channel 12 to the NKU KA 4, a receipt is transmitted about the proper laying of the KPI in the BKU 32 and, when if necessary, TMI about the state of the spacecraft 2 and its on-board equipment 30.

When controlling the spacecraft 2 through SR 1, the reception of KPI on board the spacecraft 2 is carried out by the PAM of the space-to-space channel 35 through the antenna 36 through channel 14. The receipts and TMI are transmitted in the opposite direction on the same channel.

The program of operation of the target equipment 31 incorporated in BKU 32 contains, in particular, the mode of transmitting to the Earth the generated target equipment 31 of the digital data center: directly to the SPPI 5 through channel 13 or through SR 1 through channel 14. In accordance with this, the target equipment 31 after working out BKU 32 of the program and the formation of the CR carries out its transmission either using the PAS of the space-to-Earth channel 33, or the PAP of the space-to-space channel 35.

To ensure the above information exchange between space subscribers 2 and AIE 5 on channels 14 and 15, communication with ground subscribers 6 on channels 17 and with central earth stations 7 on channels 18, as well as control and monitoring of CP 1 and its relay equipment through channels 11 the composition of the on-board equipment 40 CP 1 includes (figure 3):

- the onboard control complex 41, which monitors and controls all systems of SR 1;

- transceiver equipment command-measuring system (PAP KIS) 42 together with antenna 43 for communication BKU 41 with NKU SR 3;

- on-board relay equipment for transmitting information between the spacecraft and ground-based AIS, including an on-board relay and control satellite (RTR KU) 44, an antenna 45 for communication with the KA 2 and an antenna 46 for communication with the AIP 5;

- Airborne Repeaters of Communication and Data Transmission (RTR SPD) 47 together with antenna 48 for communication with HA 6 and antenna 49 for communication with DSS7.

On channel 11, the PIS KIS 42 receives from the NKU SR 3 and transfers to the BKU SR 41 KPI, which is converted into the BKU 41 into control signals for RTR KU 44 and RTR SPD 47. These control signals specify, if necessary, the required configuration of the relay trunks of both RTRs include RTR KU 44 and direct its antenna 45 to the location of KA 2 during periods of relay sessions. This is due to the fact that terrestrial subscribers 6 must have constant access to the communication channels of CP 1, while space subscribers 2, due to the specificity of their work, communicate with CP 1 at predetermined time intervals. An exception is the special trunks of the RTR KU 44, designed for continuous reception of special signals from spacecraft 2 emitted by them in case of an emergency on board spacecraft 2.

BKU 41 also monitors the state of the RTR KU 44 and RTR SPD 47 using the telemetry sensors installed in them by periodically polling the state of these sensors, forms an array of TMI and transmits this information to the NKU SR 3 through channel 11 through the KIS 42 and the antenna 43.

Although this was not mentioned when describing the functioning of the onboard equipment of the KA 30 and the onboard equipment of the CP 40, it should be borne in mind that the BKU 32 and 41 included in this equipment provide control and management of all onboard systems of the KA 2 and SR 1, and not just the specified equipment .

To ensure information exchange with KA 2 both directly and through SR 1, the equipment 50 of PPPI 5 includes (figure 4):

- the receiver DI 51 together with the antenna 52 for receiving DI directly from the spacecraft 2;

- PPA channel SR - PPPI 53 together with antenna 54 for information exchange with KA 2 through SR 1;

- switch-router (KM) 55 for communication with the NKU KA 4, SDG 8 and consumers of target information 9;

- control unit (CU) 56.

In addition, to ensure monitoring of the status of the relay channels, the equipment of the PPPI 50 includes simulators of the equipment of space subscribers 57 together with the antenna 58.

On channel 20, PPPI 5 receives 4 commands from the NKU KA for conducting sessions of direct communication with KA 2 or relaying through SR 1. The teams enter the BU 56 through KM 55 and are converted into control signals for the TsI 51 receiver and its antenna 52 or for the PAP 53 and its antennas 54. These control signals control the turn-on time of the aforementioned devices 51 and 53, provide guidance of the antenna 52 to KA 2 and follow it during the communication session, and also control the re-targeting of the antenna 54 in case of a change in the position of CP 1. Received through channels 13 (from SC 2) or 15 (from CP 1 ) QI arrives at KM 55, then through channel 21 to consumer QI 9.

If on channel 15 the PAP 53 receives TMI from KA 2 (via CP 1), then KM 55, on command from BU 56, transmits it to the NKU KA 4 via channel 20. In the opposite direction from the NKU, KA 4 is transmitted for KA 2 KPI, which KM 55 is sent to the PAP 53 for further relay on channel 15.

In addition to information exchange with space subscribers 2, the presented MKSR provides information exchange with ground subscribers 6, carried out using central earth stations 7 through channels 17 (NA-SR) and channels 18 (SR-CZS). Channel 19 is used to test the end-to-end relay channel of the NA-SR-CZS using a simulator of the equipment located on the CZS 7.

Depending on the functions performed, HA 6 can only work on transmission (emergency beacons of the COSPAS-SARSAT system, meteorological data collection platforms, etc.), only on reception (receivers of corrective signals of navigation satellite systems, receivers of satellite television and radio broadcasting) or on reception and transmission (mobile). Accordingly, the DSC 7 associated with one group or another ON 6 will be equipped with equipment either only for receiving signals from SR 1, or only for transmitting them to SR 1, or for receiving and transmitting these signals.

A typical composition of the equipment 60 CZS 7 for work in the ISSA is shown in Fig.5. This equipment includes:

- transceiver (in the general case) equipment 61 of the SR-TsZS channel together with antenna 62;

- simulators of the equipment of terrestrial subscribers 63 together with antenna 64 for testing the end-to-end relay channel NA-SR-CZS;

- control unit 65;

- an interface device 66, which provides the connection of the DSP 7 with the SDRC 8 on the channel 26, as well as the connection of the transceiver equipment of the CP-DSP 61 with external suppliers or consumers of information (not shown in FIG. 5).

The combination of relay and communication channels of different purpose in the ISSN under consideration, as in the prototype system, facilitates, firstly, the transmission of the correction signals of satellite navigation systems using the same orbital group of SRs, since all ISSN subscribers are their consumers.

Secondly, it is necessary for almost all ISSN subscribers to provide communications on a global or close scale, which is fundamentally possible to achieve with the same composition of the SR orbital group.

Thirdly, the presence of 40 SR 1 repeaters in the equipment, which operate both periodically (RTR KU 44) and constantly (RTR SPD 47), makes it possible to more fully use the energy resources of SR 1.

In order to consider the implementation of the centralized monitoring and control of relay and communication channels in the presented ICRC, we turn to Fig. 1.

In order to solve the main target task of ensuring information exchange with space subscribers, SDGS 8 receives from the consumers DI 9 through a channel of 25 applications for removal from certain spacecraft 2 of the DI they need. On the other hand, SDG 8 receives from NESA KA 4 through channel 23 applications for removal from KA 2 TMI and transfer to them KPI through SR 1.

On the basis of the above applications received, SDG 8 forms and transmits plans of relaying sessions from the spacecraft through SR 1 to the NKU KA 4 via channel 23. To ensure the guidance of the PPPI 5 antennas to the SR 1, the NKU SR 3 forms the initial conditions (NU) of the SR 1 motion, which on channel 22 through SDRC 8 are transmitted to the NKU KA 4. Using the received data, NKU KA 4 generates and transmits to PPPI 5 on the channel 20:

- teams of equipment control ПППИ 5;

- target designation for pointing antennas PPPI 5 on SR 1.

Thanks to the described actions, the ISDN terrestrial segment is being prepared for relay sessions. The process of preparing the space segment of the ISSR is as follows.

NKU KA 4 issues to TsURS 8 and further to NKU SR 3 the NU of KA 2 traffic, according to which NKU SR 3 calculates the programs of pointing the antenna of subscriber channel 45 to KA 2 and tracking it during the relay session. At the same time, SDG 8 issues to the NKU SR 3 plans to conduct relay sessions from KA 2 through the SR 1 to form the NKU SR 3 and then transmit it to the SR 1 through the control channel 11 of the KPI, which includes the RTR KU 44 work program during the preparation and conduct of the relay session.

KPI for setting the program of work of KA 2 in orbit with the aim of receiving a QI and its subsequent transfer to KPI 5 is developed by the NKU KA 4, and then it is put on board the KA 2 either directly from the NKU KA 4 or through SR 1. In the second case, the indicated KPI is issued in PPPI 5 and transmitted further through channels 15 and 14 on board the spacecraft 2.

It should also be noted that for the planning of relay sessions NKU SR 3 gives to SDG 8 on channel 22 the following additional information:

- restrictions on the operation of relay channels associated, for example, with preventive maintenance with CP 1, changing the location of CP 1 or the occurrence of emergency situations on its board. The same information is transmitted from the SDG 8 to the NKU KA 4 on channel 23 and to the central central storage station 7 on channel 26;

- KPI bookmark plans for SR 1.

NKU KA 4 transmits to SDG 8 through channel 23 information on changes in the composition of the fleet of space subscribers served by the ISSR.

Monitoring the status of relay and communication channels is carried out in the presented MKSR as follows. To control the relay channels of the RTR KU 44, simulators of the space subscriber equipment 57 included in the PPPI 5 are used, which are ground-based prototypes of the space-space channel 35 spacecraft transceiver equipment. Channel 16 indicated in Fig. 1 has the same characteristics as the channel 14, due to which, in the process of transmitting control signals between the simulator of the KA 57 equipment and the transceiver equipment 53 of the SR - PPPI channel, a proper check is made of the status of the information relay channels between the KA 2 and the PPPI 5. Tested The relay channels are carried out according to the commands of the control unit 56, issued to the equipment 57 and 53, and is produced either periodically in accordance with the program laid down in the control unit 56, or upon requests from SDRC 8 transmitted on channel 24. The control unit 56 is transmitted through the same channel issues in SDG 8 through KM 55 messages about the results of the testing.

Additional information for monitoring the status of relay channels is received by NKU SR 3 from onboard SR 1 TMI about the state of on-board equipment 40 SR 1 and received by NKU KA 4 from onboard KA 2 TMI about the state of on-board equipment 30 KA 2. This TMI enters SDG 8 through channels 22 and 23, respectively.

Similarly, the control of relay and communication channels 17 and 18 via RTR SPD 47 is monitored. Each of the central control stations 7, in accordance with the incorporated control unit 65, with the simulator of the hardware 63 and the equipment 61 of the SR-CZ channel, periodically tests the through channel NA-SR -CZS with the issuance of test results in SDG 8 through channel 26. If necessary, SDG 8 can send the request for unscheduled testing of the said end-to-end channel through the same channel.

As you can see, another distinctive feature of the proposed ISSR is that to monitor the status of the relay channels of the ISSR TsNII 5 and TsZS 7, unlike similar stations of the prototype system, contain simulators of equipment for space and ground subscribers, respectively.

As follows from the foregoing and from FIG. 1, in order to provide centralized control of relay and communication channels in the proposed MKSR, SDG 8 is connected to NKU SR 3, NKU KA 4, PPPI 5 and TsZS 7, and PPPI 5 is connected to NKU KA 4.

SDG 8 for solving the tasks assigned to it as part of its equipment 60 contains (6):

- devices for analysis and information processing 61;

- devices for the preparation and planning of relay and communication sessions 62;

- information and computer complex 63;

- communication devices with external subscribers 64.

Information analysis and processing devices 61 and devices for the preparation and planning of relay and communication sessions 62 are a set of automated workstations (AWS) of operators based on personal computers using the resources of the information and computer complex (IVC) 63, including the informational system a database. IVK 63 also performs the functions of controlling the distribution of data between the AWS of the indicated devices 61 and 62 coming from external subscribers (NKU SR 3, NKU KA 4, PPPI 5, consumers TsI 9 and TsZS 7) via terrestrial communication channels 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26, respectively, through a communication device with external subscribers 64.

Information analysis and processing devices 61 use the following data for their work, obtained from:

1) NKUSR:

- TMI on the state of the SR and its on-board relay and communication equipment;

- OU movement SR;

- restrictions on relaying and communication sessions;

- receipts on the execution of commands to control the onboard equipment of the SR and the laying of the KPI on the SR;

2) NKUKA:

- TMI on the state of the onboard equipment of the spacecraft;

- NUKA;

- on changing the composition of the spacecraft fleet;

- about the state of PPPI;

- on the results of testing the relay channel KA-SR-PPPI;

- about the results of relay sessions;

3) CZS:

- about the status of the central locking center;

- On the results of testing the channel NA-SR-CZS.

The result of the operation of information analysis and processing devices is the calculation of the mutual visibility zones of SC 2 and CP 1, as well as the determination of restrictions (in time) for relay and communication sessions. This information through the CPI 63 is supplied to the devices for preparing and scheduling relay and communication sessions 62.

These devices 62 use the following data for their work:

- from consumers of QI - applications for relaying QI from spacecraft;

- from NKU SR - plans for laying KPI on SR;

- from NKU KA - applications for removal from KM TMI and transfer of KPI to them.

The result of the devices for the preparation and planning of relay and communication sessions 62 are:

- KPI for SR in terms of control of its relay equipment, issued by the NKU SR;

- plans for relaying sessions issued by the NKU KA;

- restrictions on the organization of relay channels and communications issued by the NKU KA and TsZS;

- messages on cancellation of relay sessions issued in the NKU SR and in the NKU KA.

The use of the invention allows to increase the efficiency of delivery of target information from low-orbit space subscribers and their management using a minimum number of ground-based points of reception and transmission of information, as well as to provide centralized control of relay channels and communication of the multifunctional space relay system, which allows you to quickly respond to requests from information consumers, to change the state of the hardware of the system and plan their download, thereby increasing the efficiency of the use of available resources.

From the sources of patent and information materials known to the authors, the totality of features that are equivalent (or coincide) with the features of this proposed invention is not known, therefore, the applicant is inclined to consider the technical solution to meet the criterion of "novelty."

This solution is technically feasible, because it is based on well-known and well-established devices, and is supposed to be used in a multifunctional space relay system designed for information exchange with space and ground subscribers.

Claims (3)

1. A multifunctional space relay system for information exchange with space and ground subscribers, comprising a ground-based complex for controlling satellite-transponders and space subscribers, means of information exchange of space subscribers directly with ground points of information reception and transmission, means of information exchange between ground subscribers and central earth stations via relay satellites in high, for example, geostationary orbit, characterized in that the satellites and -transmitters contain on-board relay equipment for transmitting information between space subscribers and ground-based information receiving and transmitting stations, space subscribers contain equipment for transmitting and receiving information through satellite-relay stations, ground-based information receiving and transmitting stations contain equipment for information exchange with space subscribers through Relay satellites, a multifunctional space relay system contain a relay and communications control center, and terrestrial e points of reception and transmission of information and central earth stations contain, respectively, simulators of the equipment of space and ground subscribers. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the relay and communication control center is connected to ground-based control systems of relay satellites and space subscribers, ground-based information reception and transmission centers and central earth stations, and ground-based information reception and transmission stations are connected to ground space subscriber management complex. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the equipment of the relay and communication control center contains devices for analyzing and processing information, devices for preparing and scheduling relay and communication sessions, an information-computing complex, and communication devices with external subscribers.

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