RU25001U1 - UNIVERSAL LINE FOR PRODUCTION OF PRODUCTS BASED ON PEAT-CONTAINING MIXTURES - Google Patents

Description

Universal production of products based on peat mixtures

The inventive utility model relates to means for the manufacture of products based on peat mixtures, such as peat composite fuel (TKT) in briquettes; peat composite fertilizer (TKU) in briquettes, granules and sprouts; peat composite building materials (TKSM) in blocks; peat-composite heat-insulating materials (TKTM) in sheets and granules; peat composition adsorbents (TCA) in sheets and granules.

Known methods for producing peat mixtures for various purposes and highly specialized devices, lines and plants corresponding to these methods (for example, invention according to patent No. 2174535 “Method for producing peat fuel briquettes and composition for briquetted one of which is Agafonov RK, one of the authors and copyright holders, which is also one of the authors of this application).

A known method of obtaining field lump of peat using mapping in the field "Peat in the economy / Under the total. ed. B.N. Sokolova.- M .: Nedra, 1988 .-- pp. 166-174. Three MTK-16 machines for lump peat extraction, one MTK-22 machine for swathing pieces and one MTK-32 machine for lump peat harvesting are engaged in the technological process. The disadvantages of this method include seasonality of production of peat, dependence on weather conditions, high losses during harvesting and storage.

A well-known multifunctional line (N. Grevtsev, “Technological line of units for the production of molded composite materials based on peat and sapropel. News of higher educational institutions. Mining Journal. No. 5-6 / 1996).

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this line includes a peat receiving hopper, a petrocoke screening hopper with a crusher, eight conveyors for various purposes (lamellar, inclined, loading and transport), a separator, a piping system for plasticizer supply, a mixer, a molding machine (extruder), a tunnel dryer and transport container. However, this line allows one to obtain various products only in turn: peat-carbon compositions for use as communal fuel, peat-sapropel nutritional mixtures, seedlings for agricultural use, as well as granular heat-insulating materials, peat-tobacco briquettes for fumigation of greenhouses and shrubs. In addition, in the production of certain types of products that require a relatively long drying process (for example, heat-insulating materials), part of the equipment of the line is not used rationally because of the difference in productivity of individual elements in the technological chain.

The applicant describes the described technological line as the closest analogue of the claimed utility model.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the creation of a universal technological line for the production of an expanded product range and the rational use of equipment in small-scale production with the simultaneous release of several types of peat-composites.

The result is achieved by the fact that the line for the production of an expanded product range based on peat mixtures, containing receiving hoppers for the main components, conveyors for various purposes, a separator, a system for feeding oil waste, a mixer, a molding machine (extruder), a heat chamber and a transport container, additionally contains duplicating branch of the main equipment (second mixer, extruder and heat chamber), the original

transportation system, dosing, molding nozzles and trimmers, as well as a closed heating system, backup extruders and packaging machines for the production of products that do not require drying.

The applicant is currently not aware of universal lines similar to the claimed utility model.

The inventive device is accompanied by the following graphic materials: Figure 1 - the claimed production line (block diagram).

The line consists of receiving bins 1, alternately loading the main components of the mixtures (peat, sawdust, organic waste) onto the conveyor 2, separator 3, the main loading conveyor 4, adjustable dispenser-cutters 5, mixers 6. The conveyor 7 serves to remove large inclusions from the oversize space separator outside the zone of preparation of the initial mixture.

In addition to the main components, oil waste from the storage tank 8 can be supplied to the mixers using a hydraulic pump 9 through a piping system 10 through dispensers 11 installed next to the main mixers. Additional components of the mixtures (mineral additives, micronutrient fertilizers, cement) can come from the dispensers 12 to the mixers either through the main loading conveyor, or using a hoist 13.

Through the exit bins of the mixers 14, the prepared mixture is fed to a reversible distribution conveyor 15 and, with the help of dispensers, is fed into the extruders 16 with the nozzles installed on them 17. The formed briquettes or pellets are conveyed to the drying chambers 18 using conveyors 18. Hot gas is supplied to the drying heat chambers from the heat generator 20 through the duct system 21. The cooled gas through the duct system 22 is returned to the heat generator for heating.

In the production of other types of products, formed blanks of building blocks or heat-insulating staff through a roller table combined with edging device 23 also enter the drying chamber. One or both edging devices (either any extruder or forming nozzle) along the guides; they can be moved to rails 24 on a parallel branch of the process stream or inserted into the repair zone.

In the production of peat-composite fertilizers without suppositories, directly behind the extruder, a special packaging machine 25 can be installed either by loading the mixture without passing the extruder directly from the distribution conveyor into meishi or into a conveyor container 26. Finished products are stored in warehouse 27 or shipped directly to the consumer.

The line works as follows.

The original milled peat, sawdust, and organic waste by dump trucks are imported from the place of extraction from other sources and loaded into the receiving hopper 1. Before loading the hoppers, peat, as well as sawdust and organic waste can be stored under a canopy in the receiving department. This ensures the independence of production from the season. In this case, the loading of the components of the mixtures in the hopper 1, located under the overpass of the receiving department, is carried out by a bulldozer as necessary. The components of the mixtures are fed alternately via conveyor 2 to a separator 3, where the root residues are separated from peat, or large chips from sawdust. As additional equipment, a magnetic trap can be installed on the separator to prevent accidental ingress of metal parts along with raw materials coming from unknown sources. Large non-technological inclusions are discarded to the conveyor 7 and delivered by them to the heat generator 20, where they are used as sfy.

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Separated peat with fractions up to 70 mm, and then flakes, or organic waste (depending on the required mixture composition in this production cycle, the main loading conveyor 4 enters the mixer 6 appointed by the operator using adjustable batcher-cutter 5. Mixers 6 of the rotary type additional grinding of peat to a fraction of 5 mm, additional components (cement, or mineral fertilizers, or micronutrient fertilizers, or other dry lumps) are successively fed into the same mixer through dispensers 12 ) These components are delivered to the desired mixer either via the main loading conveyor 4, or by means of a hoist 13. Liquid oil waste is supplied (if necessary) to the selected mixer from the storage tank 8 using the hydraulic pump 9 through a piping system 10 through dispensers 11. Loading A single 5-rotor mixer takes approximately 20-30 minutes, and approximately the same amount of time is required for thorough mixing of the mixture. Therefore, while the mixing process is in progress in one mixer, the other is loaded with components according to a similar recipe, or according to a recipe newly assigned by the operator. After mixing in one of the mixers 6, the prepared mixture is fed through a lifting conveyor or through an output screw 14 to a distribution conveyor 15 k, depending on the given direction of conveyor movement and the state of the dispenser-cutter 5 set by the operator, it enters one or more extruders 16 with them with molding nozzles 17. As extruders 16, a former from the widely known MTK-16 field machine or other extruders can be used s from 1 to 5 tons of the mixture per hour. The forming nozzles of 17 zcstruders are interchangeable, but have their own characteristics, which on the one hand increases the maintainability of the line, and on the other hand, it allows you to diversify the range of products from granules to briquettes, slabs and building blocks. Formed briquettes or pellets with

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with the help of conveyors 18, they enter the drying heat chambers 19. Hot gas is supplied to the drying heat chambers from the heat generator 20 through the duct system 21. The cooled gas is returned through the duct system 22 to the heat generator for heating. The time the thermogenerator reaches the set temperature is 15 minutes. The same amount of time will be required to prepare the heat chamber. Thus, the total time the line reaches the set temperature does not exceed the time of the first cycle of loading and mixing the mixture. Formed blanks of building blocks (600x300x300 mm) or heat insulated 11 slabs (600x500x50 mm) through the roller table combined with edging device 23 also enter the drying chamber. One or both trimming devices (as well as extruders 16 with forming nozzles 17) along the guide rails 24 can be moved to a parallel branch of the process flow, or entered the repair zone, allowing for quick changeover of the line depending on the selected production process during the next shift production

Peat-based fertilizer can be produced without drying. In this case, directly behind the extruder, you can install a special packaging machine 25, which allows you to pack the prepared fertilizer in a polyethylene sleeve. In some cases, peat-fertilizer fertilizer can be loaded bypassing the extruder directly from the distribution conveyor into bags or into transport container 26. The specific implementation of the transport container depends on the type of product for which it is intended (from a simple pallet for packing bags, building blocks, or heat-insulating and other types of stoves - to the hopper with a movable bottom for peat composite briquettes).

When replacing the forming nozzles 17, part or all of the extruders 16 can be transferred to the production of granular TKU, or granular TKTM and TKA. In this case, the line operator must change the mixing recipe.

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For a particular sequence diagram of the line operation, the decisive moment is the choice of the mode of using heat chambers. The geometrical parameters (and, correspondingly, productivity) of any heat chamber, as well as the extruder and mixer, are selected in such a way that when the briquettes or pellets were pulled out, the extruder managed to process the next portion of the prepared mixture by the end of the loading and mixing cycle in a parallel mixer, and the process of drying briquettes or pellets in the heat chamber went with the non-stop movement of the conveyor built into it. In this case, the time spent in the heat chamber of each individual briquette coincides with the processing time in the extruder of the next portion of the prepared mixture, or twice less than this time. If during the launch of the TKT and TKU, the residence time of the products in the heat chamber can be easily synchronized with the mixing and molding cycles (the process of the line is practically uninterrupted), then when the TKSM, TKTM and TKA are in the form of blocks or pieces, the need for continuous drying (up to 4 hours ) leads to an expected transition to the cyclic mode of operation of a number of equipment elements (main extruders 16, edging devices 23 and heat chambers 19). At the same time, the initial section of the production line (from hoppers 1 to conveyor 15) can continue to operate almost continuously through an additional extruder 16 (or bypassing it) and let out products that do not require drying. There may be intermediate modes of using the line, for example, with the shutdown of one of the heat chambers, or using one heat chamber to dry granules or briquettes formed by two (or more) extruders simultaneously. In this case, additional conveyors may be required to supply products from an additional (third or more) extruder 16 to conveyors 18, carrying products through heat chambers 19.

The possibility of industrial implementation of the claimed device is not in doubt, a prototype of the production line based on standard equipment is already operational, regulatory and technological documentation

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developed, the necessary hygienic conclusions are available. Everything necessary for the manufacture of peat mixes is available for local industry.

The main range of peat composition products indicating the main components of the composition of the feedstock is presented in table 1.

The time spent on various operations in the manufacture of peat composite products on a universal line is presented in Table 2 based on the nomenclature of the main equipment available in the prototype technological line, which provides loading of one mixer and mixing 5 tons of the mixture in less than 30 minutes (for each operation), molding 5 tons of the mixture through the extruder in about 60 minutes and the drying chamber has a capacity of 5 tons.

If equipment with coordinated performance is used, then the production of briquettes or pellets ensures the most rational loading of all equipment in the line, and the second heat chamber may remain off.

If mass production of slabs or building blocks is required, requiring long-term drying in parallel operation; to heat chambers, to eliminate forced downtime of mixers and to increase the yield of finished products, periodically all elements of the line from 1 to 15 are used by the operator to raise the peat-composite fertilizer without heat treatment. At the same time, during forced breaks in the operation of the first two extruders, TCU can be carried out on the third extruder, and the finished product is loaded either in a plastic shell or in paper bags directly from a distribution conveyor.

In the case when one of the two branches of the line with the first extruder and the first drying chamber is configured to raise plates or building blocks (with a long drying cycle), and the other boar with the second extruder and the second drying chamber cannot be fully loaded from for the limited performance of one extruder (with a relatively short drying cycle of briquettes or pellets), rational

the use of the second drying chamber can be achieved using the third extruder, granules (or briquettes) of which can be directed to the conveyor of the periodically idle heat chamber through an additional conveyor.

The combination of these essential features made it possible to create a universal technological line for the production of a wide range of products and to rationally use equipment for small-scale production with the simultaneous production of several types of peat products.

With the same number of conveyors as in the closest analogue, it was possible to optimize the technological scheme of loading parallel main equipment with various components of mixtures. At the same time, almost without increasing infrastructure costs (access roads, main production facilities, warehouses, lighting and heating) due to unification and lowering the performance requirements of individual units using almost purely structural methods (only with a slight modification of commercially available equipment), it was possible to increase by 1, 52 times the estimated annual output of finished products.

Thus, the solution of the problem posed by the applicant is provided in the claimed utility model by the following distinctive features; the presence of new structural elements and the links between them;

- mutual arrangement of the main and duplicating equipment;

- equipment parameters.

Based on the foregoing, the claimed device is new and industrially applicable, which meets the conditions of patentability of a utility model.

Claims (8)

1. A universal production line for products based on peat mixtures, comprising a receiving hopper, a separator, a mixer, an extruder with a forming nozzle connected in series by conveyors, a heat chamber and a transport container, characterized in that it further comprises a second mixer, a second extruder with a forming nozzle connected in series and a second heat chamber, each mixer and extruder comprising a dispenser-cutter, each mixer being equipped with a lifting outlet screw.  2. The universal line according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a second and third receiving hopper located above the first conveyor, and at least one or more dispensers located above the second conveyor or above each of the mixers.  3. A universal line according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it contains a reversible type distribution conveyor mounted directly below the outlet screws of the mixers and next to the extruder batchers-cutters.  4. A universal line according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that between the extruders and heat chambers, edging devices with roller tables are additionally installed.  5. A universal line according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it contains packaging equipment and a third extruder with a forming nozzle for packing peat-fertilized fertilizers in a plastic shell.  6. A universal line according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a third extruder with a molding nozzle for molding granules or briquettes and an additional conveyor for loading them onto conveyors of heat chambers.  7. Universal line according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it contains rail guides with backup equipment installed on them (extruders, forming nozzles, edging devices). 8. A universal line according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises a heat generator and a duct system closed through heat chambers.