RU2574084C2 - Development of productive depths in urbanised territory and subsurface facilities to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: claimed process comprises the selection of mineral extraction location proceeding from geological conditions of ore occurrence, well drilling and development. Hydraulic borehole mining is executed at underground heading, i.e. at ore occurrence stope. The stope worked volume is filled by overlying rock failure. At the selection of the hard mineral working location additionally considered are the local requirements and constraints in operation of given site of urbanised territory. Geotechnological wells are drilled and developed to a hexagonal cell. Extraction of hard minerals and failure of overlying rock massif are performed inside the depth volume confined by a right hexagonal parallelepiped. The latter is composed by encase wells drilled from the surface to rock deposit bottom. A complete backfilling of worked space comprises the slot cut of side panels of hexagonal massif of rock overlying the stope roof from the rock massif surrounding the aforesaid cell. This causes the self-failure of rock within the boundaries of the hexagonal parallelepiped and the formation of a new overlying hexagonal cavity.

EFFECT: possibility of underground local ore working under conditions of territory development and simultaneous formation of underground cavity.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the fields of mining and construction, in particular to downhole hydraulic mining of solid minerals and the construction of underground structures.

Quite often, after completion of prospecting exploration, it is found that some settlements are located above solid mineral deposits (TPI), for example, “Minerals of the Kuznetsk village” - “Sheregesh urban settlement” (http://admsheregech.my1.ru).

Depending on the current value of TPI, a decision is made on the extraction of TPI in an urbanized area, as a rule, by underground mining and without timely laying of the developed space of the subsoil. This method of developing the bowels of the urbanized territory is typical, for example, for settlements located in the Kuznetsk coal basin. In Kuzbass, in many cities in the city limits on the developed mine territories, ground surface failures form. For example, in Novokuznetsk alone, over five hundred and a half hazardous areas, many of which are located in close proximity to residential buildings or industrial structures, have been identified within the mining allotments of liquidated or liquidated mines - Dimitrov, Novokuznetskaya, Nagornaya, Baydaevskaya. (http://kuzpress.ru/old/ecology/18-10-2007). Currently, a state program is being implemented in the Kemerovo region to lay openings, failures, reclamation of the territory, resettlement of emergency houses with a total value of more than four billion rubles.

The disadvantage of the prototype method is the fragmentation in the management of subsidence of overlying rocks, limited by the volume of the extraction chamber, and, in this regard, poorly predicted formation of a dip (trough) on the ground surface of an urbanized territory, especially since the computational modeling is complicated, as a rule, by anthropogenic disturbance of the surface parts of the mining allotment, and full-scale modeling can lead to irreversible consequences.

The task was set - in the conditions of extraction of solid mineral resources from the bowels of an urbanized territory, to ensure the management in the underground space of the processes of producing mineral oil at the given depths, laying mine workings with overlying rocks and creating underground cavities above the laid mine openings, equipped for the functional purposes necessary for the population of the adjacent territory.

The problem is solved as follows.

A method of developing productive mineral resources of an urbanized area by means of SRI TPI through several wells with laying out the developed space of a productive deposit by collapsing an array of overlying rocks is implemented in the amount of mineral resources limited by a hexagonal parallelepiped formed by cased holes drilled from the surface to the bottom of the TPI deposit, while the upper and lower the ends of the casing are mechanically connected by a hardening composition, forming the upper and lower rigidly connected hexagonal structures, between any opposite angles in which is less than the length of the maximum stable span of an array of TPI deposits lying on the roof of the rock, casing pipes have vertical front holes within the thickness of the TPI deposit, and vertical slot holes for releasing jet jets and receiving within the interval of the array of overlapping rocks pulp, and the laying of a fully developed hexagonal extraction chamber in the TPI deposit is carried out by means of slotted sections of the side panels of the hexagonal array of rock from the surrounding rock massif, leading to self-collapse of the rocks within the hexagonal box, laying of the worked out space and the formation of a new overlying hexagonal cavity.

Description of the method.

Within the mining allotment on an urbanized territory, the ore field area, the size and depth of the underground cavity for the equipment of the underground facility, and the reasonable volumes of TPI production are determined.

Taking into account the known geological and mining data on the allotted subsurface area, a scheme, order and rate of its development are selected. The stability of the roof of the extraction chamber is estimated, and the length of the stable span of the overlying rock mass is calculated with a margin.

On the surface in the corners of a regular polygon, the distance between any opposite obtuse angles which is always less than the length of a stable span of an array of overlying rocks, drill vertical wells to the bottom of the TPI deposit. For the purpose of solving the problem, the optimal figure is a regular hexagon (a comment is given in the description of the design of equipment that implements the method). All wells are cased along the entire length to the bottom of the reservoir, the upper and lower ends of the pipes are fastened into rigid structures (for example, monolithic with cement mortar), forming the upper and lower hexagons that fix the ends of the casing when moving rocks inside the hexagonal box. The lower ends of the casing pipes have windows with an aperture angle of 120 °, the height of the entire thickness of the reservoir, oriented to the axis of the extraction hexagonal chamber. SHD TPI is produced through these windows until the extraction chamber is fully worked out, then casing is perforated with vertical slotted holes oriented to adjacent wells, in the region of the overlying rock massif and with hydro-monitor jets, a gap segment of the side panels of the hexagonal array overlapping the empty mining chamber of rocks is perforated , collapsing, lay the extraction chamber and create a new hexagonal cavity, for example, a foundation pit suitable for equipment of a functional object.

Description of equipment design.

The underground equipment is located in six geotechnological wells and contains: casing pipes, air supply pipes, water supply pipes, slurry pipes, equipped in the lower part with borehole hydraulic production airlift and / or hydraulic elevator-type projectiles, the upper and lower ends of the casing pipes being rigidly fastened with monolithic structures, forming regular hexagonal box, in any cross section of which the distance between any two opposite angles is always less than the length is stable a span array lean on deposit TPI rocks - L.

The casing pipes of the underground structure in the zone of the TPI deposit, for all its power, have vertical frontal windows with a solution angle of 120 °, oriented to the geometric axis of symmetry of the excavated hexagonal chamber. After the mining chamber is completely worked out, vertical slit holes oriented to neighboring wells are perforated in the walls of the casing in the zone of the overlying rock mass. SRI TPI is produced through vertical frontal windows, and through the vertical slotted holes, a slotted segment of six side panels of the hexagonal array of overlying rocks is produced by means of hydraulic jets produced by downhole shells.

The choice of the correct hexagon as the optimal sectional geometry of the precast underground structure is due to two main reasons. The first is the acceptable completeness of the extraction of TPI from the deposit within the mining allotment, the second is the acceptable compensation of the two reactive forces of the jet jets released by the borehole shells at an angle of 120 °, compared with triangular (60 °), square (90 °) and pentagonal (72 °) sections, providing a slight bend of the projectile within the space of the casing and, in this regard, its trouble-free operation.

Illustration of invention

The method for developing the productive bowels of an urbanized area and the structure implementing it are illustrated in FIG. 1-5.

In FIG. 1 shows the initial state of the geological environment within the area of the territory developed by economic activity.

FIG. 2 schematically shows the implementation of the SRS TPI from the productive bowels of the territory.

FIG. 3 schematically shows the implementation of the process of controlled collapse of an array of overlying rocks (laying a excavation chamber in a TPI deposit).

In FIG. 4 shows the final state of the geological environment within the mining allotment.

FIG. 5 illustrates the assembly of the design of the downhole equipment, providing SRS TPI and the formation of a pit for the construction of an underground facility.

The list of reference numbers in FIG. 1-5

1 - urban area (day surface of the earth's interior);

2 - productive bowels of the urbanized territory;

3 - TPI deposit;

4 - the roof of the TPI deposits;

5 - the bottom of the TPI deposits;

6 - an array of rocks lying on the TPI deposit;

7 - section of mining allotment;

8 - security zone;

9 - excavation chamber in the reservoir TPI;

10 - geotechnological wells (cased and equipped with airlift / elevator shells, air / water supply and slurry pipes);

11 - ground equipment for SRS (drilling rig, pumps, compressor, power supply equipment, vehicles and mechanisms, household structure, etc.);

12 - dispensing slurry pipelines;

13 - map alluvium TPI;

14 - detachable slots of the side panels of the hexagonal array, overlapping the roof of an empty excavation chamber, rocks;

15 - a rock collapsed into an empty extraction chamber (laying of a mining chamber);

16 - overlying rocks collapsed along the guide wells of the hexagonal massif;

17 - foundation pit for creating an underground facility;

18 - monolithic fastening of the upper ends of the casing pipes of the wells;

19 - monolithic fastening of the lower ends of the casing pipes of the wells;

20 - lateral vertical cracks in the casing of the wells;

21 - frontal (120 °) windows in the casing of the wells.

The work of invention

After conducting a comprehensive situational analysis of the current state of the urbanized land plot 1 and assessing the need to create an underground facility of a certain functional purpose, the state of the productive bowels section 2 and assessing the value of the TPI 3 deposit, including the state of the roof 4 and sole 5, as well as the overlying rock mass 6, a decision is made to develop this area of productive mineral resources with the allocation of mining allotment 7 and security zone 8 (see Fig. 1).

Based on the geological data, the length of the stable span of the array of rocks lying on the TPI deposit (L, m) and / or the area of the stable roof (ceiling) of the extraction chamber 9 is calculated and the geometric parameters of the assembly of underground equipment, including six geotechnological wells 10, which are vertically drilled from the surface at the vertices of the regular polygon, the distance between the vertices of the opposite angles is less than L (Fig. 2).

All wells 10 are completely cased, filled with pipes for supplying water, air and pulp, are equipped with airlift or elevator shells. The upper ends of the pipes are connected by a rigid monolithic fastening 18, section I-I (Fig. 5), and the lower ends - by a rigid monolithic fastening 19, section IV-IV (Fig. 5). In the zone of the TPI deposit, for all its power, the casing pipes have frontal windows 21 for the release of jet jets and the inlet of the TPI pulp (section III-III of Fig. 5).

On the day surface 1 within the section of mining allotment 7 there are ground equipment for SRS 11, issued slurry pipelines 12 and an alluvial map TPI 13, ensuring the implementation of the SRS TPI process while maintaining the stability of the ceiling 4 of the hexagonal extraction chamber 3 (Fig. 2).

After the excavation chamber 3 has been fully developed and dispensed through the boreholes 10 and slurry pipelines 12 onto the alluvial map 13 of the total production volume of mineral oil in the casing pipes, vertical side slots 20 are perforated in the zone of the massif, leaning on an empty mining chamber 6 (section III-III of FIG. 5) through which, with the help of jet jets, a gap segment of six side panels 14 of a six-sided array of overlying rocks is produced from the surrounding underground equipment of rocks and the process of controlled collapse of the 16th massif is performed adjacen rocks 6 with simultaneous laying of 15 TPI in the recessed reservoir chamber 3 and the formation excavation 17 (FIGS. 3 and 4).

Achieved useful results of the invention are (Fig. 4):

- mined by the method of SRD TPI, stored on the alluvium map 13;

- excavation chamber 15 embedded in the rocks;

- pit 17 for the construction of an underground facility;

- undisturbed outside the allotment 7 and protection zone 8 of the earth's bowels 2 and urbanized territory 1;

- short duration of technogenic impact (days - weeks) on the productive subsoil plot 2 of the urbanized territory 1 within mining allotment 7 with full control over the SRS process and collapse of overlying rocks within the precast design of underground geotechnological equipment.

An example implementation of the invention

Bakcharsky rural settlement - with. Bakchar - is the administrative center of the Bakcharsky district of the Tomsk region (the coordinates of the district center 57 ° 01 ′ N, 82 ° 04 ′ E), located in the center of the world's largest Vasyugan swamp.

The village, formed in 1918, according to geological exploration 1957-1964. and 2006-2014. It turned out to be standing above the thick (up to 55 m) productive stratum of the Bakcharsky iron ore manifestation, discovered as part of the West Siberian iron ore basin in the mid 50s of the 20th century. This fact, in the current state of affairs, excludes from industrial circulation up to several tens of millions tons of iron ore, which lies at depths of 160-220 meters from the day surface within the territory occupied by the village. Such an amount of brown iron ore would be enough to bind the melting compositions of blast furnaces (in the amount of 10-14% of the total composition of the charge) of the nearest metallurgical plants - ZSMK and KMK - in the city of Novokuznetsk in the neighboring Kemerovo region for decades.

However, without the transfer of the village and the creation of industrial, energy and transport infrastructure, it is impossible to extract TPI (iron ore) in an open way.

Considering, for example, (Skobelsky BC, Parovinchak M.S., Lunev V.I. Basic technical solutions for the extraction of iron ore at the Polynyansky site of the Bakcharsky deposit (option is an open method of development). Round table materials "Discussion of problems and prospects for the development of the Bakcharsky iron ore , ... deposits of the Tomsk region "(Tomsk, March 16-17, 2006) / Under the general editorship of V.G. Emeshev, A.V. Komarov, M.S. Parovinchak. - Tomsk: STT, 2006 - p. . 43-44), two possible schemes for opening a quarry field: longitudinal trenches to a length of 1250 m (bottom) and transverse t with 600 m long bottoms (bottom) with the subsequent transition to a longitudinal scheme with a single-flange trench development system transverse with a transition to a longitudinal one with overburden removal to an external dump (during the transitional period) and then to an internal dump, we have the following indicators:

- average stripping ratio of 3.56 m ³ / t;

- the volume of overburden in the mining circuit of 1819 million m ³ ;

For comparison, the volume of the Cheops pyramid (base area 5.3 ha, height 147 m) is 2.58 million m ³ .

The proposed method allows the territory with. Bakchar produce local (point) excavation of iron ore.

Performed according to the theory of V.D. Slesareva (Cherney E.I., Doroshenko A.I., Krikunov M.V. To the calculation of the limiting spans for one of the options for underground hydraulic mining of metal from thawed placers // Izv.vuzov. - Series "Geology and Exploration" Issue 2, 1978) taking into account data on the tensile strengths of roof rocks such as dense clay and goethite ore (Lukyanov V.G., Gromov A.D., Pinchuk N.P. Technology of mining explorations, 2nd ed. - Tomsk : Publishing House of Tomsk University, 2004), the calculation of the maximum span of the extraction chamber leads to a value of L≈36 m. Taking Well diameter hexagonal section describes assembly situ circumference equipment D = 35 m <L≈36 m obtain stable potolochiny recessed area and equal magnitude chamber bottom of the excavation area S _n ≈S _K ≈10 ³ m ^2. Assuming an ore deposit capacity of 50 m, we estimate the volume of ore mined by the SRS method from one hexagonal cell at 170 thousand tons (or 70 thousand m ³ on the alluvial map) and the pit volume for the construction of an underground facility at 38 thousand m ³ .

Considering the accumulated experience of SRS of Bakchar iron ore from single geotechnological wells (report on the experimental work (OMR SRD-08) under the State contract dated 04.04.2006 No. TV-04-04-2006 “Assessment of the Bakcharsky iron ore manifestation for mining by the SRS method ”on the licensed site of LLC NPO TomGDKruda of the Western area of Bakcharsky development in the area of the geological exploration well No. 101, village Bakchar, Tomsk Region / Comp .: V.I. Lunev, A.I. Usenko, I. B Bondarchuk, V. M. Ivanov, P. N. Prokopenko - S. Bakchar, Tomsk, 2008) by ext by interpolation to a six-well cell, it is possible to estimate the duration of the implementation of the proposed method in 4-6 weeks of round-the-clock operation.

Taking into account the volume and quality of the extracted Bakchar iron ore from a six-well cell, we can recommend its hydrometallurgical processing into finely dispersed iron for powder metallurgy (for example, according to the method developed by Siberian scientists in the work of N. Chinakal, F. Baryshnikov, N. N. Ruzinova L. Extraction of iron from oxidized ores by leaching // FTGTRPI. - 1967. - No. 2. - S. 88-91).

The taiga-marshy area of the Bakcharsky district, the presence in the district center of a stronghold of northern horticulture and the occupation of the local population justify the functional purpose of the underground facility being built in the created foundation pit - a year-round working refrigeration room for storing food export products; wild and cultivated berries, mushrooms, game, etc. (for example, biological and operational stocks of mushrooms in the Bakcharsky district are 1037.6 tons and 410.1 tons, respectively [http: //www.Bakchar.globalinfo.html]).

It should be noted that, under the conditions of the above example, the SRS of Bakchar iron ore by the prototype method would lead to uncontrolled in space and time trough formation in the territory of s. Bakchar. Moreover, the boundary of the trough of displacement — the line connecting the points of the earth’s surface with a subsidence of 15 mm — would represent a circle with an average diameter of about 240 m with a hole in the center (which corresponds to an area of disturbed lands of ~ 46 thousand m ² ).

Thus, the proposed technical solutions make it possible to conduct controlled rock caving in the conditions of mining and refining of mineral resources from the bowels of an urbanized area, leading to the laying of underground mining and the formation of an underground cavity (foundation pit) for the construction of an underground facility necessary for the needs of the population.

Claims (2)

1. A method of developing productive mineral resources of an urbanized area, including the choice of a place for extraction of solid minerals based on the geological conditions of occurrence of an ore deposit, drilling and arrangement of geotechnological wells, borehole hydraulic production of solid minerals from underground mining - a mining chamber in the ore deposit, laying the spent volume of the extraction chamber through the collapse of an array of overlying rocks, characterized in that when choosing a place for the extraction of solid about the fossil additionally take into account local requirements and restrictions on the operation of this section of the urbanized territory, the drilling and arrangement of geotechnological wells is performed in the form of a hexagonal cell, the extraction of solid minerals and the collapse of the mass of overlying rocks are carried out in the amount of subsoil bounded by a regular hexagonal parallelepiped formed by cased wells, drilled from the surface to the bottom of the ore deposit, the full laying of the produced volume is carried out by slotted sections of the side panels of the hexagonal array lying on the ceiling of the excavation chamber of rocks from the surrounding rock massif, leading to self-collapse of the rocks within the hexagonal box and the formation of a new overlying hexagonal cavity. 2. The design for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising geotechnological wells, characterized in that the geotechnological wells create a cell within the subsurface volume limited by a regular hexagonal parallelepiped formed by cased holes drilled from the surface to the bottom of the ore deposit, with upper and lower ends casing pipes are mechanically connected by a hardening composition, forming the upper and lower rigidly connected hexagonal structures, the distance between any opposite angles in which is less than the length of a regular stable span of an array of rock deposits lying on the roof, casing pipes within the ore deposit thickness have vertical front windows with an opening angle of 120 °, oriented on the axis of symmetry of the hexagonal extraction chamber, with the possibility of performing borehole hydraulic ore mining through them interval array of overlying rocks made with the possibility of performing in them, after completion of mining of the extraction chamber, perforated vertical slotted holes, oriented s gidromotornyh to discharge jets of pulp and receiving slit segments in the side panels overlying hexagonal array on the recessed chamber potolochinu rocks.

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