RU2405613C1 - Cryogenic device for producing artificial fog and system for controlling said device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to equipment for producing artificial fog, particularly for show presentations. The technical outcome is the possibility of providing pulsed and continuous modes of formation of fog depending on the required amount of fog. Disclosed is a cryogenic device for forming artificial fog, having a feeding cryogenic tank and a sprayer, a flow control valve, pressure and level sensors, a drain valve, a filling valve and a pressuriser valve, also has a holding cryogenic tank, a shutoff valve of cryogenic liquid in pulsed mode, a shutoff valve of cryogenic liquid in continuous mode, a vapour generator with an electric heater and water level sensors and vapour pressure sensors, where the inlet of the holding cryogenic tank is connected to the output of the feeding cryogenic tank through the filling valve, and the outlet is connected through shutoff valves of cryogenic liquid in pulsed and continuous modes, as well as through the flow control valve to the inlet of the sprayer, whose second inlet is connected through a water vapour inlet valve in pulsed mode and a water vapour inlet valve in continuous mode to the outlet of the vapour generator, and a safety valve is placed between shutoff valves of cryogenic liquid in pulsed and continuous modes. ^ EFFECT: universality of the device, ie possibility of providing pulsed and continuous modes of fog formation depending on the required amount of fog in any type of show. ^ 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to techniques for creating artificial fog, in particular for show performances.

Known devices for creating artificial weather conditions in a local place, for example, described in Russian patents No. 2197620 (IPC E21F 5/00), 2294785 (IPC A63J 5/00).

Also known is a device for the formation of fog in a cryogenic method, comprising a feeding vessel for liquid nitrogen, a nebulizer described in the operation and maintenance manual of the cryogenic gun of Backstage Technologies (Europe) Limited, United Kingdom (prototype).

The device operates in a pulsed dispersion mode of liquid nitrogen with the formation of fog due to moisture contained in the atmosphere. Such a device can operate for a short time and form a fog in a limited volume.

The task of the invention is the versatility of the device, i.e. the ability to provide both pulsed and continuous modes of fogging depending on the required volume of fog.

The problem is solved in that a cryogenic device for generating artificial fog containing a supplying cryogenic tank and a spray, a flow valve, pressure and level sensors, a drain valve, a filling valve, a boost valve, a flow cryogenic tank, a shut-off valve for a cryogenic liquid in a pulse mode, shut-off valve for cryogenic liquid in a continuous mode, a steam generator with an electric heater and sensors for water level and steam pressure, and the input of the supply cryogenic tank is connected with the output to riogenic capacity through the filling valve, the output through the shut-off valves of the cryogenic liquid in pulsed and continuous modes, as well as through a flow valve with an inlet to the atomizer, the second inlet of which is communicated through a water vapor supply valve in a pulsed mode and a water vapor supply valve in a continuous mode with steam generator output, and a safety valve is installed between the shut-off valves of the cryogenic liquid in pulsed and continuous modes.

The problem is also solved by the fact that a control system is proposed that contains an operating mode adjuster, the input of which is connected to the operator, and the outputs are connected to the inputs of the cryogenic supply capacity level adjuster, cryogenic supply capacity pressure adjuster, and the opening unit for filling the filling valve connected to the filling valve ; the output of the cryogenic capacity level setter and the output of the cryogenic capacity level sensor are connected to the inputs of the first comparison circuit, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first matching circuit “I” and the input of the boost valve opening unit connected to the boost valve, in addition, the output of the first comparison circuit connected to the input of the closure block of the filling valve of the consumable cryogenic tank connected to the filling valve; the output of the pressure adjuster of the supply cryogenic capacity and the output of the pressure sensor of the supply cryogenic capacity are connected to the inputs of the second comparison circuit, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first matching circuit “And”, and, through the blocking blocking the boost valve, to the boost valve; the output of the first coincidence circuit “AND” is connected to the first input of the second coincidence circuit “I”, the second input of which receives a signal from the operator - a signal about the preparation of the system for the beginning of fogging according to the show scenario, while the output of the second coincidence circuit “AND” is connected to the first the inputs of the third coincidence circuit “AND” and the fourth coincidence circuit “AND”, respectively, and their second inputs are connected to the outputs of the master mode of operation in pulse mode and continuous mode, respectively; the outputs of the third matching circuit “AND” and the fourth matching circuit “AND” are connected to the inputs of the opening blocks of the shut-off valve of the cryogenic fluid in the pulse mode and opening the shut-off valve of the cryogenic fluid in the continuous mode, respectively, and the shut-off valve of the cryogenic fluid in the pulsed and continuous modes, respectively; the output of the water level sensor and the operator’s signal about the selected mode of operation are connected to the inputs of the sixth “I” matching circuit, the output of which is connected through the water heater’s power unit to the water heater the outputs of the steam pressure sensor and the steam pressure setter, the input of which is connected to the operating mode setter, which sets the steam pressure corresponding to the selected operating mode, are connected to the inputs of the third comparison circuit, and its output is connected to the first input of the fifth “I” matching circuit, the second input of which is connected with the output of the second coincidence circuit “And”, and the output of the fifth coincidence circuit “And” through the delay circuit - with the second inputs of the seventh and eighth coincidence circuits “And”, the first inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the master mode of operation in pulsed and continuous discontinuous modes respectively; the outputs of the seventh and eighth matching circuits “And” are connected respectively through the opening block of the steam supply valve in pulse mode with the valve of supplying steam in a pulsed mode and through the opening block of the valve of steam supply in continuous mode with the steam supply valve in continuous mode ; the output of the fifth matching circuit “And” is also connected through the block opening the flow valve with the flow valve.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the design of the device, and Figure 2 is a functional diagram of a device control system, where:

1 - feeding cryogenic capacity;

2 - consumable cryogenic capacity;

3 - steam generator;

4 - spray;

5 - flow valve;

6 - filling valve;

7 - boost valve;

8 - valve for supplying water vapor in a pulsed mode;

9 - valve for supplying water vapor in continuous mode;

10 - shutoff valve of cryogenic liquid in a pulsed mode;

11 - shut-off valve of cryogenic liquid in a continuous mode;

12 - electric water heater;

13 - level sensor cryogenic flow capacity;

14 - pressure sensor cryogenic flow capacity;

15 - water level sensor;

16 - steam pressure sensor;

17 - drain valve;

18 - safety valve;

19 - setpoint mode;

20 - block opening valve filling cryogenic consumables;

21 - level adjuster cryogenic consumable cryogenic capacity;

22 is a first comparison diagram;

23 - block closing valve filling consumable cryogenic containers;

24 - block opening the boost valve;

25 - the first matching pattern "And";

26 - pressure adjuster flow cryogenic capacity;

27 - the second coincidence scheme "And";

28 - the third pattern of coincidence "And";

29 - the fourth pattern of coincidence "And";

30 - fifth pattern of coincidence "And";

31 - steam pressure adjuster;

32 is a second comparison diagram;

33 - block opening the flow valve;

34 - the sixth coincidence scheme "And";

35 - unit for turning on the electric water heater;

36 is a delay circuit;

37 - the seventh coincidence scheme "And";

38 - the eighth coincidence scheme "And";

39 - block opening the shut-off valve of the cryogenic liquid in a pulsed mode;

40 - block opening the shut-off valve of the cryogenic liquid in a continuous mode;

41 - operator;

42 - block closing the boost valve;

43 - the third comparison scheme;

44 - block opening valve water vapor in pulsed mode;

45 - block opening the valve for supplying water vapor in continuous mode.

A description of the device and the control system is given by the example of the use of liquid nitrogen or liquid air as a cryogenic liquid.

The supply cryogenic tank 1 contains a supply of liquid nitrogen for a sufficiently long period of operation and provides a continuous mode of fogging with a relatively small flow rate of liquid nitrogen or liquid air and water vapor.

Consumption cryogenic tank 2 provides a pulsed short-term mode of fogging at a relatively high flow rate of liquid nitrogen or liquid air and water vapor. The volume of this tank for the purpose of safety provides one cycle of operation (one impulse).

The filling valve 6 serves to supply liquid nitrogen to the cryogenic supply tank 2 from the supply cryogenic tank 1. Through the boost valve 7, nitrogen gas from the evaporator located in the supply cryogenic tank 1 is supplied to the cryogenic supply tank 2, which is equipped with a level sensor 13 and a pressure sensor 14. In addition, this tank is equipped with a drain valve 17, which is activated when the pressure in the tank exceeds a predetermined allowable level.

The steam generator 3 provides the formation of water vapor under a slight excess pressure and can operate both in continuous mode with low steam consumption, and in a pulsed short-term mode. The steam generator 3 is equipped with a water level sensor 15, a steam pressure sensor 16 and an electric water heater 12.

The atomizer 4 is a mixer and at the same time a spray of a mixture of liquid nitrogen and water vapor and can be made in the form of an ejector. By varying the pressures in the supply and supply tanks and in the steam generator 3, a change in the composition of the mixture is achieved. When mixing liquid nitrogen or liquid air and superheated water vapor, water fog and partially snow form, filling the space behind the atomizer 4.

One nozzle inlet 4 is communicated through a steam supply valve in pulsed mode 8 or a steam supply valve in continuous mode 9 (depending on the selected operating mode) with the output of the steam generator 3, and the other nozzle inlet 4 through a shut-off valve for cryogenic liquid in a pulsed mode 10 or shut-off valve of cryogenic liquid in continuous mode 11 (depending on the selected operating mode) - with cryogenic flow capacity 2. A safety valve 18 is installed between valves 10 and 11 to relieve excess pressure.

The control system comprises an operating mode adjuster 19, the input of which is connected to the operator, and the outputs are connected to the inputs of the level adjuster of the expendable cryogenic reservoir 21, the pressure adjuster of the expendable cryogenic reservoir 26, an opening unit for filling the fill cryogenic reservoir 20, connected to the fill valve 6; the output of the level controller of the supply cryogenic capacity 21 and the output of the level sensor of the supply cryogenic capacity 13 are connected to the inputs of the first comparison circuit 22, the outputs of which are respectively connected to the first input of the first matching circuit “I” 25 and the input of the opening block of the boost valve 24 connected to the boost valve 7 in addition, the output of the first comparison circuit is connected to the input of the closing block of the filling valve of the expendable cryogenic tank 23 connected to the filling valve 6; the output of the pressure adjuster of the supply cryogenic tank 26 and the output of the pressure sensor of the supply cryogenic tank 14 are connected to the inputs of the second comparison circuit 32, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first matching circuit “I” 25, and, through the blocking block of the boost valve 42, to the boost valve 7 ; the output of the first coincidence circuit “AND” 25 is connected to the first input of the second coincidence circuit “AND” 27, the second input of which receives a signal from the operator 41, which is a signal for preparing the system to start fogging according to the show scenario, while the output of the second coincidence circuit “AND” 27 is connected to the first inputs of the third coincidence circuit “AND” 28 and the fourth coincidence circuit “AND” 29, respectively, and their second inputs are connected to the outputs of the master mode of operation in pulse mode and continuous mode, respectively 19; the outputs of the third matching circuit "And" 28 and the fourth matching circuit "And" 29 are connected to the inputs of the blocks opening the shut-off valve of the cryogenic liquid in the pulse mode 39 and opening the shut-off valve of the cryogenic liquid in the continuous mode 40, respectively, and to the valves 10 or 11, respectively; the output of the water level sensor 15 and the signal from the operator 41, which sets the level corresponding to the selected operating mode, are connected to the inputs of the sixth “I” matching circuit 34, the output of which is connected through the water heater 35 power-on block to the water electric heater 12; the outputs of the steam pressure sensor 16 and the steam pressure switch 31, the input of which is connected to the operating mode switch 19 and is set in accordance with the selected operating mode, are connected to the inputs of the third comparison circuit 43, and its output is connected to the first input of the fifth AND matching circuit 30 the second input of which is connected to the output of the second coincidence circuit “I” 27, and the output of the fifth coincidence circuit “I” 30 through the delay circuit 36 is connected to the second inputs of the seventh 37 and eighth 38 coincidence circuits “I”, the first inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the master operating mode 19 per pulse ohm and continuous modes, respectively; the outputs of the seventh 37 and eighth 38 coincidence schemes “And” are connected respectively through the block opening the water supply valve in pulse mode 44 to the valve supplying water vapor in the pulse mode 8 and through the block opening valve water supply in continuous mode 45 with the supply valve water vapor in continuous mode 9; moreover, the output of the fifth matching circuit "And" 30 is also connected through the block opening the flow valve 33 to the flow valve 5.

The invention operates as follows.

The filling valve 6 of the supply cryogenic tank 2 is normally open, and the valves 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 are closed. In the pulsed and continuous modes, liquid nitrogen is filled into the cryogenic tank 2 from the supply cryogenic tank 1 until the liquid nitrogen level in the cryogenic tank 2 reaches the set value in accordance with the selected operating mode, while the drain valve 17 is closed. When the values of the level of liquid nitrogen in the supply cryogenic tank 2 coincide with the set value of the level at the output of the level switch of the supply cryogenic tank 21 (coming from the master of the operating mode 19 in accordance with the selected mode), a signal is generated on the first comparison circuit 22 (Δ = 0) to the first the input of the first matching circuit “I” 25. At the same time, the boost valve 7 opens through the boost valve opening unit 24 and nitrogen gas begins to flow through it into the cryogenic supply tank 2 from the evaporator supplying the cryogenic tank 1, a supply tank filling valve 6 closes on command from the closing of the valve block 23 filling the supply container.

If the pressure in the cryogenic supply tank 2, recorded by the pressure sensor of the cryogenic supply tank 14, coincides with the set value on the pressure control unit of the cryogenic supply tank 26 coming from the setpoint of operating mode 19 in accordance with the selected operating mode (pulse or continuous) (Δ = 0) , at the output of the second comparison circuit 32, a signal is generated at the second input of the first coincidence circuit “I” 25, the output of which indicates that the cryogenic reservoir 2 is ready for cryogenic liquid. From the second comparison circuit 32, a pressurization valve closing command is generated through the pressurization valve closing unit 42, and pressurization is stopped.

From the output of the first matching circuit “AND” 25, the signal is fed to the input of the second matching circuit “AND” 27, the other input of which receives a signal from the operator about the selected operating mode - pulse or continuous, and from the output of circuit 27 the signal goes to the first inputs of the third and the fourth matching circuit “And”, while the second inputs of these circuits receive a signal from the master mode 19 also about the selected operating mode, after which either from the output of the third or from the fourth matching circuit “And” through, respectively, the opening block of the shut-off valve cryo gene liquid in pulsed mode 39 or through the cryogenic liquid shut-off valve opening unit in continuous mode 40 (depending on the operating mode), the cryogenic liquid shut-off valve in pulsed mode 10 or the cryogenic liquid shut-off valve in continuous mode 11 opens and the cryogenic liquid through an open flow valve 5 enters the atomizer 4.

If there is a necessary water level in the steam generator 3, fixed by the water level sensor 15, by the command of the operator 41, the electric water heater 12 is turned on through the water electric heater 35 activation unit, the steam formation process begins.

When the steam pressure value at the steam pressure sensor 16 is reached, the value specified, stored on the steam pressure switch 31 in accordance with the selected operating mode from the operating mode dial 19 (Δ = 0), by the command received from block 33, which is generated at the output of the fifth circuit coincidence “I” 30 upon the readiness of the supply cryogenic tank 2 for the release of cryogenic liquid and according to the signal from the operating mode adjuster 19, steam is supplied by commands from valves 8 or 9 through blocks 44 or 45, respectively, depending on the operating mode by commands from respectively, matching schemes “And” 37 or 38, triggered when a given level of steam pressure in the steam generator 3 is reached, as evidenced by the signal from the third matching circuit 43, which through the fifth matching circuit “And” 30 and the delay 36 is fed to the inputs of matching circuits “And” "37 and 38. Thus, in a sprayer, for example an ejector, water vapor is mixed with liquid nitrogen and an artificial fog forms at the outlet of the ejector 4.

In case of overpressure in the line between the valves 10 and 11, the safety valve 18 is activated.

The claimed invention is at the stage of experimental testing.

The ability to use a single device to implement both pulsed with a small amount of fog, and continuous operation with large fog makes the device universal for various show scenarios.

Components for the implementation of devices and systems mastered by the industry and do not require additional development. All valve opening blocks can be made, for example, in the form of relays, coincidence circuits “And” realize Boolean functions and can be performed on well-known integrated circuits.

Claims (2)

1. A cryogenic device for generating artificial fog, comprising a supply cryogenic tank and a spray, a flow valve, pressure and level sensors of the cryogenic liquid, a drain valve, a fill valve, a boost valve, characterized in that a flow cryogenic tank, a shut-off valve of the cryogenic liquid are introduced into it in a pulsed mode, a shut-off valve of a cryogenic liquid in a stationary mode, a steam generator with an electric heater and water and steam level sensors, and the input of a cryogenic capacity supply is connected with the supply cryogenic tank through the filling valve, the output through the shut-off valves of the cryogenic liquid in pulsed and stationary modes, and also through the flow valve with the inlet to the atomizer, the second input of which is communicated through the water vapor supply valve in the pulse mode and the water vapor supply valve in stationary mode with the output of the steam generator, and between the shut-off valves of the cryogenic liquid in the pulse and stationary modes, a safety valve is installed. 2. A control system comprising an operating mode adjuster, the input of which is connected to the operator, and the outputs are connected to the inputs of a cryogenic supply capacity level adjuster, a cryogenic supply capacity pressure adjuster, an opening unit for filling the fill valve connected to the fill valve; the output of the cryogenic capacity level master and the output of the cryogenic capacity level sensor are connected to the inputs of the first comparison circuit, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first “I” matching circuit and the input of the boost valve opening unit connected to the boost valve, in addition, the output of the first comparison circuit connected to the input of the closure block of the filling valve of the consumable cryogenic tank connected to the filling valve; the output of the pressure adjuster of the supply cryogenic capacity and the output of the pressure sensor of the supply cryogenic capacity are connected to the inputs of the second comparison circuit, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first matching circuit “I”, and through the pressurization valve closing block with the boost valve; the output of the first matching circuit “And” is connected to the first input of the second matching circuit “And”, the second input of which receives a signal from the operator - a signal about the preparation of the system to the beginning of fogging according to the show scenario, while the output of the second matching circuit “And” is connected to the first the inputs of the third coincidence circuit “AND” and the fourth coincidence circuit “AND”, respectively, and their second inputs are connected to the outputs of the master mode of operation in pulse mode and continuous mode, respectively; the outputs of the third coincidence circuit “AND” and the fourth coincidence circuit “AND” are connected to the inputs of the opening blocks of the shut-off valve of the cryogenic liquid in the pulse mode and the opening of the shut-off valve of the cryogenic liquid in the continuous mode, respectively, and the valves-the shut-off valve of the cryogenic liquid in the pulse and continuous modes, respectively; the output of the water level sensor and the operator’s signal about the selected operating mode are connected to the inputs of the sixth “I” matching circuit, the output of which is connected through the water heater’s power unit to the water electric heater; the outputs of the steam pressure sensor and the steam pressure setter, the input of which is connected to the operating mode setter, which sets the steam pressure corresponding to the selected operating mode, are connected to the inputs of the third comparison circuit, and its output is connected to the first input of the fifth “I” matching circuit, the second input of which is connected with the output of the second coincidence circuit “And”, and the output of the fifth coincidence circuit “And” through the delay circuit - with the second inputs of the seventh and eighth coincidence circuits “And”, the first inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the master mode of operation in pulsed and continuous discontinuous modes respectively; the outputs of the seventh and eighth matching circuits “And” are connected respectively through the opening block of the steam supply valve in pulse mode with the valve of supplying steam in a pulsed mode and through the opening block of the valve of steam supply in continuous mode with the steam supply valve in continuous mode ; the output of the fifth matching circuit “And” is also connected through the block opening the flow valve with the flow valve.

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