RU2491586C1 - Autocollimating angle-measuring device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: device has radiating and observation channels that are merged by a beam-splitter prism which turns the beam path of the radiating channel by an angle of 90°. A lens enters both the radiating channel, having a grid with a cross which is illuminated with a light source, e.g. a light-emitting diode, and the observation channel, having an eyepiece and a second grid standing between said eyepiece and the beam-splitter prism. The lens lies on the same axis with the eyepiece and has discrete variation of focal distance from two optical elements with possibility of moving from light rays the second optical element on the beam path of the observation channel. Focal distance during combined operation of the two optical elements is at least twice shorter than during operation of the first optical element. Each optical element is made from multiple separate components.

EFFECT: design of a device with focal distance of the lens and visible magnification of the observation channel suitable for fast preliminary aiming at an object, and with a long focal distance of the lens and visible magnification of the observation channel suitable for quality final aiming at an object and high accuracy of measurement and adjustment.

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Description

The invention relates to optical instrumentation and can be used to control and align various optical parts, assemblies and devices.

A well-known auto-collimation tube (BS Grishin, “Alignment of complex optical instrument systems”, Moscow, “Mechanical Engineering”, 1976, p. 103, Fig. 49). The device contains an eyepiece, elements of the emitting and observing channels, combined by a beam-splitting plane-parallel plate that rotates the path of the rays of the emitting channel by an angle of 90 degrees, moreover, the element of the emitting channel is a light source, for example, an incandescent lamp, and the element of the observation channel is an eyepiece and an objective, located on the same axis with the eyepiece and made of glued biconvex lens and the negative meniscus located on the side of the eyepiece, convex to the eyepiece, as well as a mesh ennuyu on one surface of a plane-parallel plate disposed between the lens and the plane-parallel plate beamsplitter. However, the device contains a beam-splitting plane-parallel plate mounted at an angle of 45 degrees to the optical axis of the eyepiece in a converging beam of rays, which reduces the image quality.

The closest analogue to the claimed technical solution is an autocollimation tube (N.T. Elnikov, A.F. Ditev, I.K. Yurusov, "Assembly and adjustment of optical-mechanical devices", Moscow, "Engineering", 1974, pp. .239, 240, Fig. 152). The device comprises emitting and observation channels combined with a beam splitting prism that rotates the path of the rays of the emitting channel by an angle of 90 degrees, a lens entering the emitting channel containing a crosshair mesh made on the surface of a plane-parallel plate illuminated by a light source, for example, an incandescent lamp, and an observation channel containing an eyepiece made of a single lens and a grid standing between it and a beam splitting prism made on the surface of a plane-parallel plate, th lens, located on the same axis as the eyepiece and is made of cemented biconvex lens and a negative meniscus disposed on the eyepiece side and the convexity facing towards the latter.

The device does not allow with high accuracy to measure and align the monitored objects. To detect the illuminated crosshair, it is necessary to increase the focal length of the lens, and as a result, the visible increase in the telescopic system of the observation channel. But with their increase, the angular field of view decreases, which makes it difficult (and often impossible) to point the device at a controlled or adjustable object, it is impossible to see through the eyepiece, since it is difficult to catch the highlight of the illuminated crosshair of the radiating channel from the object. However, to point the device at a controlled or adjusted object, it is easy to detect the illuminated crosshair of the emitting channel from the object, if the focal length of the lens, and as a result, the visible increase in the telescopic system of the observation channel is reduced, but the accuracy of measurement and adjustment is reduced.

The task of the invention is to increase the operational characteristics of the device, allowing for easy guidance and high-quality measurements and adjustment of the controlled object.

EFFECT: creation of an autocollimation angle measuring device, with a focal length of the lens and a visible increase in the observation channel, suitable for quick preliminary aiming at a controlled or adjusted object, and with large focal length of the lens and a visible increase in the observation channel, suitable for high-quality final aiming at a controlled or adjusted object and high precision measurement and adjustment.

This is achieved by the fact that in an autocollimation angle-measuring device containing a radiating and observing channels combined by a beam splitting prism that rotates the path of the rays of the radiating channel by an angle of 90 degrees, the lens enters as a radiating channel containing a crosshair mesh made on the surface of a plane-parallel plate and illuminated a light source, for example, an LED, and into an observation channel containing an eyepiece and a second grid standing between it and a beam splitting prism, made on the surface of the second plane-parallel plate, and the lens is located on the same axis with the eyepiece, in contrast to the known lens is made with a discrete change in focal length due to the use of two optical elements arranged in series on the optical axis, with the possibility of outputting the second observation channel of the optical element of light beams of rays and the value of the focal length of the lens during the joint operation of two optical elements is at least two times less than when working the first optical element with the second optical element extracted from the light beams of the rays, and each optical element is made of several components.

In addition, the eyepiece can be made of two identical components glued from the negative meniscus and the biconvex lens, and facing the biconvex lenses to each other.

In addition, the first optical element of the lens can consist of two components - the first of which is glued from a biconvex and biconcave lenses and the positive meniscus located behind them, facing concavity to the eyepiece, and the second component is glued from biconcave and biconvex lenses.

In addition, the second optical element of the lens can consist of two components - the first of which is glued from a biconvex and biconcave lenses, and the second component is made from three separate single lenses located in series - a biconvex, negative meniscus facing concavity to the eyepiece and the second biconvex.

The figure shows an optical diagram of the proposed autocollimation angle measuring device.

An autocollimation angle measuring device (see Fig.) Consists of elements of a radiating and observing channels. A radiating channel is a grid with a crosshair 1, made on the surface of a plane-parallel plate, illuminated by a light source, for example, an LED, moreover, the radiating and observing channels are combined by a beam-splitting prism 2, which rotates the beam path of the radiating channel by an angle of 90 degrees. The observation channel is an eyepiece 3, and a second grid 4, standing between it and a beam splitting prism, made on the surface of the second plane-parallel plate and lens 5 located on the same axis as the eyepiece. The lens consists of two optical elements in the direction of the observation channel, 6 and 7, located sequentially on the optical axis, with the possibility of outputting the optical element 7 from light beams of rays. The optical element 6 consists of two components - the first, glued from a biconvex lens 8 and a biconcave lens 9 and located behind them a positive meniscus 10, facing concavity to the eyepiece, and the second component is glued from a biconcave lens 11 and a biconvex lens 12. Optical element 7 consists of two components - the first, made of glued from a biconvex lens 13 and a biconcave lens 14, and the second component is made sequentially of three separate single lenses - biconvex 15, from itsatelnogo meniscus 16 facing to the eyepiece concave and a biconvex lens 17. In addition, between the grid 1 and the light source may be diffusing plane-parallel plate, for example, with one matt surface.

The proposed optical system operates in two stages: the first stage is the preliminary aiming and the second is the final, accurate aiming and counting. At the preliminary stage, the device operates as follows. The crosshair of the grid 1, illuminated by a light source, such as an LED, is projected by a beam splitter prism 2 and the lens 5 into infinity (the optical element 7 is in the light beams of the rays of the lens 5) and illuminates a controlled object (not shown), for example, a flat mirror. The light beams reflected from the controlled object again pass through the lens 5 in the reverse direction of the rays (the optical element 7 is in the light beams of the rays of the lens 5), pass through the beam splitter prism 2 and focus on the grid with divisions 4, and then pass through the eyepiece 3 creating a sharp image of crosshair 1 and grid 4 for the observer. The image of the crosshair 1 is displayed in the center of the field of view in the grid 4 by turning the auto-collimation angle-measuring device or (and) the controlled object. After that, the final, accurate aiming of the proposed device is made. Further, the optical element 7 is outputted from the light beams of the rays of the lens 5, thereby significantly increasing the focal length of the lens 5. The light beams of the rays illuminate the crosshair of the grid 1, which pass through the beam-splitting prism 2, lens 5, namely, the optical element 6 located on the optical axis (optical element 7 is brought out from the optical axis), the controlled object is highlighted, reflected from it and in the reverse pass through the lens 5 with the optical element 7 pulled out, a beam-splitting prism 2 and a focuser They are located on the grid 4 with divisions, which is then examined through the eyepiece 3 by the observer. With an increased focal length of the lens 5, the accuracy of reading the position of the image of the crosshair of the grid 1 in the plane of the divisions of the grid 4 is significantly increased, and if necessary, the accuracy of adjusting the position of the controlled object, for example, a flat mirror, is also increased.

In accordance with the proposed solution, an autocollimation angle measuring device was calculated that was corrected in the spectral range from 480 nm to 660 nm. The basic calculated wavelength is 546.07 nm.

The design parameters of the proposed device with a minimum focal length of the lens are shown in table 1.

The design parameters of the proposed device at the maximum focal length of the lens are given in table.2.

Characteristics of the calculated autocollimation angle measuring device with a minimum focal length of the lens:

lens focal length 200.66 mm visible increase 11.8 times angular field in the space of objects 4 deg. exit pupil removal 10 mm exit pupil diameter 4.2 mm

Characteristics of the same device with a maximum focal length of the lens:

lens focal length 750.08 mm visible increase 44.1x angular field in the space of objects 1 degree exit pupil removal 10 mm exit pupil diameter 2.04 mm

Table 3 shows the aberrations for a wavelength of 546.07 nm for an autocollimation angle measuring device for a visible increase of 11.8 times.

Table 4 shows the aberrations for a wavelength of 546.07 nm for the same device for a visible magnification of 44.1 times.

Table 1 Radii, mm Thickness mm Glass mark Refractive index, n _e Coeff. variances ν _e Light diameter mm R ₁ = 564.9 90 d ₁ = 12 Bf25 1,610853 45.82 R ₂ = -201.4 90 d ₂ = 8 TF107 1,734282 28.12 R ₃ = 926.8 90 d ₃ = 1 one R ₄ = 159.22 90 d ₄ = 10 Bf25 1,610853 45.82 R ₅ = 566.2 90 d ₅ = 217.7 one R ₆ = -93.11 45 d ₆ = 4 Bf25 1,610853 45.82 R ₇ = 2831 45 d ₇ = 6.5 TF107 1,734282 28.12 R ₈ = -185.78 45 - d ₈ = 10.6 one R ₉ = 131.83 21 d ₉ = 3.2 TF10 1,813767 25.17 R ₁₀ = -120.78 21 d ₁₀ = 2.5 CTK19 1,747647 50.21 R ₁₁ = 42.17 21 d ₁₁ = 127.5 one R ₁₂ -452.9 45 d ₁₂ = 9.5 CTK19 1,747647 50.21 R ₁₃ = -106.66 45 d ₁₃ = 1 one

Continuation of table 1 R ₁₄ = 263.6 45 d ₁₄ = 3.5 TF10 1,813767 25.17 R ₁₅ = 51.4 45 d ₁₅ = 2.8 one R ₁₆ = 55.46 45 d ₁₆ = 7.5 CTK19 1,747647 50.21 R ₁₇ = -3802 45 d ₁₇ = 124.9 one R ₁₈ = ∞ 25 d ₁₈ = 27 K8 1,518294 63.83 R ₁₉ = ∞ 23 d ₁₉ = 17 one R ₂₀ = ∞ 17 d ₂₀ = 2 BK10 1,571309 55.79 R ₂₁ = ∞ 17 d ₂₁ = 11.1 one R ₂₂ = 83.95 17.7 d ₂₂ = 1.2 TF1 1.652188 33.62 R ₂₃ = 18.365 17 d ₂₃ = 7 K8 1,518294 63.83 R ₂₄ = -17.378 17 d ₂₄ = 1 one R ₂₅ = 17.378 17 d ₂₅ = 7 K8 1,518294 63.83 R ₂₆ = -18.365 17 d ₂₆ = 1,2 TF1 1.652188 33.62 R ₂₇ = -83.95 17.7 one

table 2 Radii, mm Thickness mm Glass mark Refractive index, n _e Coeff. variances ν _e Light diameter mm R ₁ = 564.9 90 d ₁ = 12 Bf25 1,610853 45.82 R ₂ = -201.4 90 d ₂ = 8 TF107 1,734282 28.12 R ₃ = 926.8 90 d ₃ = 1 one R ₄ = 159.22 90 d ₄ = 10 Bf25 1,610853 45.82 R ₅ = 566.2 90 d ₅ = 217.7 one R ₆ = 93.11 45 d ₆ = 4 Bf25 1,610853 45.82 R ₇ = 2831 45 d ₇ = 6.5 TF107 1,734282 28.12 R ₈ = 185.78 45 d ₈ = 293 one R ₉ = ∞ 25 d ₉ = 27 K8 1,518294 63.83 R ₁₀ = ∞ 23 d ₁₀ = 17 one R ₁₁ = ∞ 17 d ₁₁ = 2 BK10 1,571309 55.79 R ₁₂ = oo 17 d ₁₂ = 11.1 one R ₁₃ = 83.95 17.7

Continuation of table 2 d ₁₃ = 1,2 TF1 1.652188 33.62 R ₁₄ = 18.365 17 d ₁₄ = 7 K8 1,518294 63.83 R ₁₅ = -17.378 17 d ₁₅ = 1 one R ₁₆ = 17.378 17 d ₁₆ = 7 K8 1,518294 63.83 R ₁₇ = -18.365 17 d ₁₇ = 1,2 TF1 1.652188 33.62 R ₁₈ = -83.95 17.7 d ₁₃ = 1.2 one

Table 3 Type of aberration The proposed device (no more) Angular spherical aberration for a point on an axis 7'15 '' The angular aberration of a wide inclined beam in the meridional section for the angular field in the space of objects 2W = 4 degrees. 15'16 '' Angular aberration of a wide inclined beam in a sagittal section for an angular field in the space of objects 2W = 4 degrees. 22'38 '' The meridional astigmatic segment X ' _m for the angular field in the space of objects 2W = 4 deg., Diopter -0.78 Sagittal astigmatic segment X ' _s for the angular field in the space of objects 2W = 4 degrees, diopter 2.19 Distortion for the angular field in the space of objects 2W = 4 degrees. eleven%

Table 4 Type of aberration The proposed device (no more) Angular spherical aberration for a point on an axis 7'18 '' Angular aberration of a wide inclined beam in the meridional section for an angular field in the space of 1 object 2W = 1 deg. 5'22 '' Angular aberration of a wide inclined beam in a sagittal section for an angular field in the space of objects 2W = 1 deg. 14'10 '' The meridional astigmatic segment X ' _m for the angular field in the space of objects 2W = 1 deg., Diopter 1.83 Sagittal astigmatic segment X ' _s for the angular field in the space of objects 2W = 1 deg., Diopter 2.84 Distortion for the angular field in the space of objects 2W = 1 deg. 9.4%

Thus, as a result of the proposed solution, the technical result is obtained: an autocollimation angle measuring device with a focal length of the lens and a visible increase in the observation channel is created, suitable for quick preliminary aiming at a controlled or adjusted object, and with a large focal length of the lens and a visible increase in the observation channel, suitable for high-quality final aiming at a controlled or adjusted object and high measurement accuracy adjustment.

Claims (4)

1. An autocollimation angle measuring device containing a radiating and observing channels combined by a beam-splitting prism that rotates the path of the rays of the radiating channel by an angle of 90 °, a lens entering as a radiating channel, containing a crosshair mesh made on the surface of a plane-parallel plate and illuminated by a light source, for example LED, and in the observation channel containing the eyepiece and standing between it and the beam splitting prism of the second grid, made on the surface of the second plane parallel a plate, and the lens is located on the same axis with the eyepiece, characterized in that the lens is made with a discrete change in focal length through the use of two optical elements arranged in series on the optical axis, with the possibility of outputting the second along the path of the observation channel of the optical element from the light beams rays, and the value of the focal length of the lens during the joint operation of two optical elements is at least two times less than when the first optical element with yvedennym rays of the light beams a second optical element and each optical element is made of several separate components. 2. The autocollimation angle measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the eyepiece is made of two identical components glued from the negative meniscus and the biconvex lens, facing the biconvex lenses to each other. 3. The autocollimation angle measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first optical element can consist of two components - the first of which is made of glued biconvex and biconcave lenses and the positive meniscus located behind them, facing concavity to the eyepiece, and the second component is glued from biconcave and biconvex lenses. 4. The autocollimation angle measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second optical element can consist of two components - the first of which is glued from biconvex and biconcave lenses, and the second component is made sequentially from three separate single lenses - biconvex, negative meniscus, facing concavity to the eyepiece and the second biconvex.