RU2485018C1 - Combined drone aircraft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aircraft engineering. Combined drone aircraft comprises airframe, power plant with pusher propeller arranged at fuselage tail, and control system. Flying wing airframe is composed of multiple sections consisting of the set of stringers secured at stiff black-reinforced plastic base and upholstered by thin fabric-based film that makes a silicon solar cell. Airframe inside is divided into sealed compartments filled with lifting gas and unsealed compartments with air intake at nose section, thermal elements at midpoint for air heating and nozzle at tail section.

EFFECT: longer hovering above preset point.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of aviation technology, in particular to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

Currently, the leaders in the production of unmanned aerial vehicles in the world are the USA and Israel. Then follow the countries of Europe. Drones are used both in military operations and reconnaissance, and in civilian areas - tracking the situation on roads and fires in forests, patrolling borders, search and rescue operations, meteorology. It should also be added here that already in 2002, 18 countries of the world owned the UAV development and production technologies, 13 of which drones exported. And although the vast majority of UAVs today are still focused on conducting various types of reconnaissance and surveillance, combat drones and aircraft systems are becoming increasingly common.

According to American experts, over the next 15 years, about 3,000 modern long-range and ultra-long-range UAVs, about 2,000 Predator heavy and medium-sized UAVs, about 500 medium-sized drones with a take-off weight of 3600-6800 kg will be in demand on the world arms market as well as hundreds of thousands of micro-UAVs. Moreover, in the first 10 years alone, about 16 billion dollars will be spent, and more than 60% of the market will be taken over by US companies (it is assumed that European firms will receive 6-7%, and Israeli ones - about 2-3%).

Russia announced the purchase of a batch of drones from Israel. Already, our 36 purchased drones seem ridiculous in comparison with, for example, US weapons, which in Iraq alone used more than 700 unmanned aerial vehicles of various modifications. The presence of drones is not limited only to military use. Thus, ultra-small UAVs in extinguishing a forest fire can successfully solve the problem of providing intelligence “beyond the nearest hill”. A portable complex with one or more drones could be used by the parachute-landing fire brigade or by the ground leader to extinguish a major fire on their own. The presence of low-cost UAVs in remote forestries can help solve the problem of protecting villages from the threat of forest fires in areas where the organization of permanent aviation security is not carried out due to technical and financial difficulties.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed invention is "Unmanned aerial vehicle" (patent RU 2015067 from April 6, 1992).

The prototype is made according to the "duck" scheme and contains a wing, a fuselage, a front horizontal tail, a power plant with a screw pusher located in the rear of the fuselage, and a control system. The wing is swept, and the screw propeller is equipped with an annular casing. The annular casing is made elongated, extending backward from the plane of the screw propulsion device, and with an exhaust rotary nozzle equipped with vertical and horizontal drives that deflect the rotary nozzle around the horizontal and vertical axes. The front horizontal tail is made pivotally mounted on an axis directed along its span and perpendicular to the plane of symmetry of the apparatus.

The disadvantage of this device is its belonging to the family of devices heavier than air and the inability to use the capabilities of the devices lighter than air.

The objective of the invention is the creation of an aircraft that combines the positive features of both heavier and lighter than air vehicles. The possibility of take-off without take-off and landing without a run, the possibility of long hovering over a given point, maneuverability and controllability in flight, imperceptibility and the possibility of replenishing energy resources in flight.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that the device is made in the form of a flying wing, the body of an unmanned combined aircraft is multisectional, consisting of a set of stringers fixed on a rigid carbon-plastic base, covered with a thin film on a fabric basis representing a silicon solar battery, inside the case is divided into sealed, filled lifting gas (helium, etc.) compartments, and leaky compartments with an air intake in the bow, in the middle part are located elements for heating air, nozzle in the rear. Two electric motors are used to move and turn left and right by alternately operating the corresponding engine or turning it off. A battery for storing energy in the event of a shortage or inability of the solar battery to produce the required amount of energy.

A comparative analysis with the prototype showed that the claimed technical solution is characterized by a perfect new body, in the form of a flying wing, divided into two types of compartments, hermetic compartments filled with lifting gas, and leaky compartments that have an air intake, nozzle, and thermal elements. The housing on top is made of a thin film on a fabric basis, which is a silicon solar battery. Also, the presence on the ends of the motor housing and the battery.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where figure 1 shows an unmanned combined aircraft, including:

1 - body unmanned combined aircraft;

2 - electric motors with a pushing screw;

3 - sealed compartments filled with lifting gas;

4 - leaky compartments, a nozzle in the rear and an air intake in the bow;

5 - payload;

6 - rechargeable battery;

7 - control system;

8 - elevator.

Figure 2 presents the propulsion of an unmanned combined aircraft to create jet thrust, based on the laws of aerodynamics, where:

1 - body unmanned combined aircraft;

9 - nozzle;

10 - air intake.

The difference between the local pressure at the profile surface and the air pressure in the undisturbed flow can be represented as arrows perpendicular to the profile contour, so that the direction and length of the arrows is proportional to this difference. It can be seen that on the lower generatrix of the profile there is excess pressure - air pressure, and it presses on the wing with different strength at different points of the profile. The difference between the local pressure at the profile surface and the air pressure in the undisturbed flow can be represented as arrows perpendicular to the profile contour, so that the direction and length of the arrows is proportional to this difference. If you place an air intake in the front lower part of the wing, where the air pressure is higher than at the trailing edge of the wing, there is a nozzle. Accordingly, the air flow rushes towards the lowest pressure, forming the reactive force created by the flowing stream. Heated air flow will lead to additional expansion of the air entering through the air intake, and increased jet thrust.

The invention works as follows: the compartments filled with lifting gas make structurally unmanned aerial vehicles lighter than air, and it is initially in the operating position, i.e. ready for take-off, the control system gives a signal to heat up the thermal elements due to the electricity generated by the solar and (or) battery, and the device takes off, the control system starts the electric motors to move and control the device. The air flow through the air intake located in the front lower part of the wing rushes to the nozzle at the trailing edge of the wing, forming the reactive force created by the flowing jet. Can be carried out as a flight along a given route, and to a given object. If necessary, for a long time to control the object, the control system stops the electric motors, and the device hangs over the object, compensating for the height by turning on and off the thermal elements, for dialing, including heating or turning off to reduce. The presence in the on-board equipment kit of the GLONASS / GPS satellite global navigation system module will allow you to maintain a given position over the object with high accuracy, correcting deviations by the operation of electric motors. On-board equipment is modular, changing which will solve various problems.

Unmanned combined aircraft will find its application in various fields of activity, will become a reliable assistant to man. Monitoring of forests to prevent fires and extinguishing assistance, monitoring of crops of grain and other crops, monitoring the condition of pipelines in sparsely populated and inaccessible terrain, monitoring traffic in large cities, environmental and other types of reconnaissance, and much more can be done by aircraft class.

Claims (1)

An unmanned combined aircraft containing a wing, a fuselage, a hull, a power unit with a screw thrust propulsion located in the rear of the fuselage, and a control system, characterized in that the hull is made in the form of a flying wing - multi-section from a set of stringers mounted on a rigid carbon fiber base covered with a thin fabric-based film on top, representing a silicon solar battery, inside the case is divided into sealed compartments filled with lifting gas and non-sealed compartment and having an air intake in the bow, in the middle part, thermal elements for heating the air and a nozzle in the rear.

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