RU2482592C1 - Aerodynamic bench for performance of fundamental research of power generation by mhd methods using high-temperature hydrogen (h2) as working gas - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises a high-temperature gas source, a device of additive supply, an MHD channel, a magnet, control and measurement systems. To do research on power generation with hydrogen as working gas, the source of high-temperature gas is an electric arc heater, the bench is additionally equipped with a ramp for storage of hydrogen and neutral gas with systems of these gases supply into a working track, control and measurement of their parameters, and also systems of generated power measurement and a fire alarm system.

EFFECT: aerodynamic bench makes it possible to practice technology of using high-temperature hydrogen in magnetic gas dynamic devices without influence of factors that reduce efficiency of thermal energy conversion into electrical one, and provide recommendations on development of MHD generators of a new type.

3 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of energy, mainly to the creation of emergency power plants of high power, operating on the principle of magnetogasdynamic energy conversion by the interaction of a moving gas stream and an electromagnetic field.

The advantage of MHD generators in comparison, for example, with turbogenerators is that the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy is carried out without the use of moving parts, which makes it possible to significantly increase the gas temperature (in turbogenerators T≈1200 K, in MHD generators T≈3500 K) , which means to increase the coefficient of performance (COP).

Known magnetogasdynamic (MHD) generators for generating electricity, operating on the principle of interaction of an electromagnetic field with a flow of conductive gas, for example [Yu.P. Raizer Physics of gas discharge. M .: "Science", 1992 - p.521]. In the device, an electrically conductive air flow moves between the poles of a permanent magnet. In this case, an electric field proportional to the flow velocity and magnetic induction is induced in the flow.

A disadvantage of this type of generator is the use of hydrocarbon and rocket fuels for heating the working gas, the combustion products of which have a high molecular weight, which does not allow obtaining sufficiently high physical flow rates and does not make it possible to increase the efficiency of energy conversion in MHD generators by compared to turbo generators.

As a prototype taken magnetogasdynamic generator from the work [Fundamentals of technical magnetic gas dynamics. M .: "World", 1968, p. 463]. The generator contains the following devices:

- a combustion chamber for burning hydrocarbon fuel in an atmosphere of heated air, which is a source of high-temperature gas;

- a device for introducing additives into the combustion product to increase its electrical conductivity;

- nozzle for accelerating the gas flow;

- a permanent magnet, between the poles of which the stream moves;

- MHD channel, which is a compartment in which electrodes isolated from each other are installed on two opposite walls, and the other two walls are made of insulating material.

When an electrically conductive stream passes in a magnetic field between the electrodes of the MHD channel, a voltage is generated.

However, in the prototype, as in other MHD generators of the described type, it was not possible to achieve a significant increase in efficiency in comparison with turbogenerators. Again, because the products of combustion of hydrocarbon or rocket fuels having high molecular weight values were used as the working gas. As mentioned above, this does not allow obtaining sufficiently high physical velocities of the gas flow (~ 4 km / s) and increasing the energy conversion efficiency.

It is clear from the foregoing that the use of hydrogen, which has a molecular weight of ~ 20 times less than the products of combustion of hydrocarbon or rocket fuels, can contribute to improving the technology and the effect of MHD energy conversion. This makes it possible to achieve a flow velocity of ~ 4 · 10 ³ m / s, increase the voltage at the electrodes of the MHD channel, and increase the efficiency.

The production of high temperature hydrogen is possible as a result of chemical reactions. One of which, for example, is the reaction of the interaction of finely dispersed aluminum with water vapor

2Аl + 3Н ₂ О⇆Аl ₂ О ₃ + 3Н ₂

However, formed as a result of the reaction in the form of a fine aerosol Al ₂ O ₃ again leads to a decrease in efficiency.

Since it is supposed to develop on the principle of using high-temperature H ₂ large industrial MHD generators for emergency power supply to cities and settlements, it is necessary to solve a complex of problems. To determine technical solutions for the purification of hydrogen from other reaction products (for example, from Al ₂ O ₃ particles), to create a high electrical conductivity of the medium, to develop methods for mixing the additive with light atoms and H ₂ molecules, to identify the features of electric power generation in MHD channels when used as working gas of high temperature hydrogen.

The objective and technical result of the invention is the creation of an aerodynamic stand (ADS), which will be used to solve these problems.

The solution of the problem and the technical result are achieved by the fact that the aerodynamic stand, which is the prototype of the MHD generator using high-temperature hydrogen as a working gas, including a source of high-temperature gas, a device for creating a gas stream, an additive supply device to the gas stream to increase its electrical conductivity, MHD channel, magnet, flow control systems and measuring technological parameters, is equipped as a source of high-temperature gas with an electric arc heater for roar of hydrogen to a temperature of ≈3500 K and obtain a flow rate of ~ 4 × 10 ³ m / s, is also equipped with a ramp for the storage of hydrogen and a neutral gas from the gas feeding system in the working path, means for regulating and measuring the parameters of the gases generated by the electric power measuring system , fire alarm system.

Schemes illustrating the invention are shown in figures 1, 2, 3.

The figure 1 shows a diagram of the ADF.

The figure 2 presents the layout of the stand in the room.

The figure 3 presents a detailed diagram of the connection of cylinders of hydrogen and nitrogen, placed on a ramp with control and measuring equipment.

The gas heated in the electric arc heater 2 (Fig. 1) is supplied with an additive of easily ionizable elements (Na, K) from the additive supply device 1. After mixing the additive with gas, their mixture enters the nozzle 3, where it is accelerated to a given speed (4 × 10 ³ m / s). The stream with the indicated speed enters the MHD channel 4, on the walls of which electrodes are installed (64 pairs, isolated from each other), the magnetic field in the channel is created using magnets 6. At the exit from the MHD channel 4, a secondary nozzle 8 with a pressure gauge 9 is installed. The exit from the secondary nozzle is located in the working chamber 10. From the working chamber, the gas enters the exhaust tract 11, which ends in a vacuum tank. The voltage at the electrodes is fixed by device 12. The supply lines to the stand of hydrogen and a neutral nitrogen gas are shown at position 5.

In figure 2 (continuous numbering with figure 1):

13 - stand;

14 - routes for supplying hydrogen and nitrogen to the stand, passing along the outer walls of the industrial wind tunnel and extension, in which the stand is located;

15 - ramp for storing cylinders H ₂ and N ₂ ;

16 - placing an industrial pipe near the stand;

17 - fire alarm system;

18 - valve system;

19 - a vacuum chamber;

20 - valves and valves for controlling hydrogen and nitrogen.

In figure 3 (separate numbering):

1 - node measuring nozzle;

2 - gas supply path to the EAF;

3 - pressure gauge;

4 - shut-off valves;

5 - manometer (hydrogen);

6 - valve (hydrogen);

7 - valve (nitrogen);

8, 13 - collectors (hydrogen, nitrogen);

9 - cylinders H ₂ ;

10 - valves and gearboxes;

11 - safety valve;

12 - route to the vacuum chamber;

14 - cylinders N ₂ ;

15 - connecting hoses (dyurit);

16 - check valve.

The work of the stand is as follows. They include devices for creating a gas flow. For this, the exhaust tract 11 (Fig. 1) is connected to a vacuum chamber 19 (Fig. 2), in which a pressure of ~ 10 Pa is created, valve No. 1 (4 in Fig. 3) is opened, along the route 5 (Fig. 1), it is filled the chamber of the source of high-temperature gas (EHP) with nitrogen from the ramp 15 (Fig.2) to a pressure of P ₀ ≈2 · 10 ⁵ Pa, turn on the voltage on the EHP and start with nitrogen. Without turning off the nitrogen, open the hydrogen cylinder reducers on the ramp and through the valve No. 2 (4 in figure 3) hydrogen is supplied to the EAF chamber. In this case, valve No. 1 (4 in FIG. 3) is closed, the nitrogen supply is stopped, the start-up is carried out on hydrogen. Additive 1 is introduced (FIG. 1), the electromagnet 6 is turned on (FIG. 1), the voltage at the electrodes of the MHD channel 7 (FIG. 1) is recorded using the generated energy measurement system 12 (FIG. 1). The fire alarm system 17 (figure 2) is triggered automatically in emergency situations. The start is completed by shutting off the hydrogen supply and purging the route with nitrogen.

Thus, the present invention allows for basic research on the generation of electricity by MHD methods using hydrogen as the working gas, heated in an electric arc heater (EAF) to a temperature of 3500 K at a hydrogen flow rate of ~ 4 · 10 ³ m / s, to develop a technology for using high-temperature hydrogen in magnetogasdynamic devices without the influence of factors that reduce the efficiency of conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy, give recommendations on the creation of MHD generators new type.

Claims (1)

Aerodynamic stand for basic research on the generation of electricity using MHD methods using high-temperature hydrogen H ₂ as a working gas, including a source of high-temperature gas, devices for creating a gas stream, a device for supplying an additive to the gas stream to increase its electrical conductivity, MHD channel, magnet , flow control systems and measuring technological parameters, characterized in that an electric arc furnace is used as a source of high-temperature gas a heater for heating hydrogen to the required temperature and obtaining a flow at the required speed, the stand is additionally equipped with a ramp for storing hydrogen and neutral gas with a gas supply system to the working path, regulating and measuring the parameters of these gases, the stand is equipped with a system for measuring generated electricity and an alarm system in case of fire hazard .

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