RU2480024C1 - Fodder yeast production method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to bird droppings fodders production and may be used in farm industry for preparation of fodders for cattle and birds, in particular, to yeast fodders production method. One performs raw material milling and hydrolysis with a sulphuric acid solution by way of thermal treatment. The hydrolysate is neutralised. Nutrient salts and yeast are introduced into the liquid phase. Aeration is performed. Yeast is farmed. Flotation, separation and drying are performed. The raw material is represented by beet pulp, mixed (after hydrolysis) with sterilised slurry of bird droppings having remained after the latter extraction; the ratio of slurry to: pulp being 1:2. Group B, BP vitamins are introduced into the yeast suspension after farming.

EFFECT: invention allows to enhance yeast quality and yield in the ready product.

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Description

The present invention relates to the production of feed from poultry manure and can be used in agriculture for the preparation of feed additives for cattle and poultry, as well as the production of fertilizers.

A known method of preparing organic fertilizer and feed from bird droppings (ed. St. No. 478829, C05F 3/00, 1975), including its heat treatment at 130-150 ° C in the presence of phosphoric acid at a pH of 6.2-6.5.

However, this method is not environmentally acceptable due to the use of phosphoric acid, and, moreover, it is not effective due to the use of a high-temperature process, leading to the death of beneficial microorganisms contained in the litter.

There is also a method of preparing granular feed with the inclusion of animal waste of bird droppings (S. N. Telegin. Poliorated granulated feed with the addition of a third litter for fattening young cattle. Transactions, v.19, Orenburg, 1976), which replaced part of the concentrated feed .

The disadvantage of this method is that bird droppings must first be subjected to heat treatment on special units, which require additional energy and funds, granular feed poorly retains its shape and crumbles.

Known diet (guidelines for the use of chicken droppings when feeding livestock. - Lviv: Ukrainian Research Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry of Farm Animals, 1986, p.16-23), containing 3-35% of dry bird droppings (powder) and replacing cereal cereals (barley, wheat, corn, oats) in the same amount as part of compound feeds for growing and fattening cattle.

However, the disadvantage of the known diet is the low protein content, providing protein full feed.

A known method of obtaining a feed mixture (ed. St. No. 154063, class A23K 1/00, 1990), containing 2-55% of lirin.

A disadvantage of the known feed mixture is that a high percentage of lyprin is introduced into the feed mixture. It is known that lyric contains a large amount of sodium chloride (NaCl), which, when introduced into the feed mixture for animals with a single-chamber stomach, more than 1.0% for adults and 0.4-0.5% young animals causes a disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, salt poisoning and death of animals and birds.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed is a method of obtaining feed for farm animals (ed. St. No. 1701239, A23K 1/06, A23K 1/12, 1991), including the hydrolysis of wood waste with sulfuric acid with heat treatment, the extraction of sugars from hydrolyzed raw materials with the use of post-yeast brew, separation of the liquid phase from the solid. The filtered hydrolyzate is subjected to inversion, neutralization and purification, aeration. Aerated wort is seasoned with nutrient salt solutions and sent to grow yeast. Next, the yeast suspension, subject to thickening in the flotator and separator, is sent for drying. Excess mash after partial cleaning is discharged into the sewer.

The disadvantages of this method are the insufficiently high yield of the finished product, as well as the secondary use of post-yeast mash in the process, which increases the amount of harmful substances, including inhibitors in the wort, and therefore reduces the quality of yeast and slows down the fermentation process.

The problem to which the invention is directed is the most complete disposal of livestock complex waste, as well as waste-free processing technology for the purpose of obtaining high-yield fodder yeast.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the quality and yield of yeast in the finished product.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a method for producing fodder yeast, including grinding the raw materials, hydrolysis of the raw materials with a solution of sulfuric acid with heat treatment, neutralizing the hydrolyzate, aeration, introducing nutrient salts, yeast into the liquid phase, aeration, growing yeast, flotation, separation, drying, according to the invention, beet pulp is used as raw material, after hydrolysis of which it is mixed with sterilized slime of bird droppings remaining after extraction of the latter, in the ratio and sludge: pulp 1: 2.

Distinctive features of the proposed method are the new conditions for the implementation of the method, namely the use as a raw material of beet waste and poultry manure sludge.

Used in the inventive method, beet waste - pulp has a large vitamin and mineral complex, contains sugars - glucose, fructose and sucrose (up to 25%), organic acids - citric, oxalic, malic, various proteins, vitamins BB, B, C, P , PP, carotenoids, pantothenic, folic acid, pectin, pigments, in a significant amount of salts of iron, manganese, potassium, cobalt, magnesium, iodine, as well as fiber, amino acids (lysine, valine, arginine, histidine, etc.). In addition to vitamins, such trace elements as cobalt, rubidium, cesium, copper, zinc, iron, chlorine, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, and magnesium were found in beets. All these substances contribute to the growth and development of animals and birds, the normalization of metabolism and the process of hematopoiesis.

The use of poultry manure sludge with a high nutrient content together with beet production waste provides favorable conditions for the growth of yeast, enriches the product with biologically active substances, which improves the quality of the finished product. After using the sludge, the remaining bird droppings extract is used to prepare a fertilizer that contains a complete set of trace elements, in which humic and folic acids and their salts are present in sufficient quantities. There is calcium in the fertilizer, which contributes to the deoxidation of soils. Fertilizer directly enhances the activity of the main plant process - photosynthesis.

During experimental studies, it was found that the use of the proposed method helps to increase the yield of fodder yeast. The research results are shown in the table.

No. p / p Raw material processing conditions Extraction temperature, ° C The yeast yield,% Heat treatment temperature, ° C Duration of processing, min Prototype 165-200 ° 2-6 50-80 ° 36.5-42 Invention 160 ° 45 70 ° 50,4

Studies were conducted in which bird droppings were used to grow yeast without the addition of beet pulp. Studies have shown that on the first day, yeast grown without beet pulp grew better compared to the claimed method. But starting from the second day, the yeast grown according to the invention began to grow better. This can be explained by the fact that, firstly, the yeast took time to digest the cellulose-containing raw materials - beet pulp, and secondly, the growth of yeast mainly occurs due to sugars, which are contained in large quantities in beets, respectively, they began intensive eating of sugars and accumulation biomass. The yeast yield in the method with slime of bird droppings without beet pulp was 46.6%, and according to the invention, 50.4%.

Beet pulp contains an average of 75% water and 25% dry matter, the bulk of which (17.5%) is sucrose, which results in the growth of yeast and their biomass accumulation, and 7.5% non-sugar. Beet pulp also contains nutrients, vitamins, microelements per 100 g: calorie content - 39.9 kcal, water - 86.0 g, protein - 1.5 g, fat - 0.1 g, carbohydrates - 8.8 g, mono - and disaccharides - 8.7 g, starch - 0.1 g, dietary fiber - 2.5 g, organic acids - 0.1 g, ash - 1.0 g.

On average, bird droppings contain,%: nitrogen - 0.8-1.2, “dry” matter - 91.4, crude protein - 29.32, crude fat - 2.9-4.5, crude fiber - 16 , 93, “ash” (mineral base) - up to 40, calcium - up to 8.5, phosphorus - 3, nitrogen-free extractive substances - 46-48. The bird droppings are close in composition to wheat, peas, barley. When extracted with water, all water-soluble substances go into the extract.

Trace elements,%: copper - 0.0025-0.0094; iron - 0.01-0.04; zinc - 0.004-0.056; Manganese - 0.50-1.00; magnesium - 0.019-0.044.

Vitamins are contained: carotene, provitamins D, E, K; riboflavin, pyrodoxin; nicotinic acid, B12, etc. In the range up to 1.5% there are all essential amino acids.

The technical result of the claimed invention is achieved by the joint use of plant and animal raw materials, namely beet pulp and slime of bird droppings. When using the proposed method, high nutritional value feeds were obtained by increasing the content of easily digestible components in it, for example, sugars and proteins, and the absence of harmful substances in it.

Thus, it is the distinctive features of the proposed method that enrich the product with nutritious and biologically active substances, which improves the quality of fodder yeast and increases the yield of the finished product.

A method of obtaining fodder yeast is as follows.

Beet pulp after washing and removing impurities is crushed to a particle size of 3-5 mm. After that, the plant material is hydrolyzed with diluted to 1% sulfuric acid at a temperature of 160 ° C for 45 minutes (1 liter of sulfuric acid solution is taken per 100 g of raw material). The resulting hydrolyzate is neutralized with milk of lime or ammonia water.

Bird droppings are extracted with water at 70 ° C for 40 minutes. The resulting slurry and extract are sterilized in an autoclave at a temperature of 150 ° C for 40 minutes and cooled for 20 minutes. The extract is concentrated at a temperature of 40-50 ° C to a solids content of 60-70% and is used as fertilizer.

The remainder of the bird droppings after extraction - the sludge is mixed with a beet pulp hydrolyzate in a ratio of 1: 2 and sent to the cultivation of yeast in the fermenter.

Sowing yeast, nutrient salts containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements necessary for the growth of yeast are introduced into the fermenter, and air is also introduced to provide oxygen for the formation of yeast biomass and the respiration of yeast cells. Yeast is grown at a temperature of 32-33 ° C for 2-3 days. After that, the necessary vitamins B, BP are added to the yeast suspension. For these purposes, vitamins are dissolved in pure water and fed into the suspension in the form of a solution with a dosing plunger pump. Fodder yeast absorbs vitamins on itself from the solution introduced into the yeast concentrate, and subsequently dry yeast retains a significant part of the vitamins in its composition.

The grown yeast is removed from the apparatus in the form of a yeast suspension, which subsequently goes through the flotation and separation stages. To eliminate yeast losses, a reverse single pass through a fermenter of flotated yeast mash is possible. As a rule, most vitamins cannot withstand temperatures of 90-100 ° C and higher. Therefore, in the future, the yeast concentrate is evaporated at a temperature of not more than 80-85 ° C to a content of 22-25% dry matter. Drying is carried out in a spray dryer at a temperature of 200-300 ° C to a moisture content of 8-10%. Due to the short-term stay of the yeast particle in the drying chamber and the rapid drop in temperature to 85 ° C, the bulk of the vitamins remains. The resulting yeast is packaged and sent to a warehouse.

Claims (2)

1. A method of producing fodder yeast, including grinding the raw material, hydrolysis of the raw material with a solution of sulfuric acid with heat treatment, neutralizing the hydrolyzate, introducing nutrient salts, yeast into the liquid phase, aeration, growing yeast, flotation, separation, drying, characterized in that the raw materials used beet pulp, after hydrolysis of which it is mixed with sterilized slime of bird droppings remaining after extraction of the latter, in the ratio of slurry: beet pulp 1: 2. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after growing vitamins of group B, BP are introduced into the yeast suspension.