RU2331465C1 - Device for heat, mass and energy exchange - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns devices for heat, mass and energy exchange in fluid, gas, gas-fluid mixes, suspensions and dispersions in mechanical, physical and chemical processes of acoustic transformation (e.g. ultrasonic). The device includes product forcing chamber, vortex tubes connected by partial crossings along generating lines, with outputs combined in an acoustic chamber. Cylinder cone vortex tubes are tilted against each other, their cone ends directed towards the acoustic chamber.

EFFECT: amplified acoustic vortex interaction and concentration of vortex destructive energy at the output of the device.

4 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for heat and mass energy exchange of liquid, gas, gas-liquid mixtures, suspensions and dispersions in mechanical-physical-chemical processes of transformation by the acoustic (for example, ultrasonic) method.

Known hydrodynamic ultrasonic emitters with plate and rod resonant oscillatory devices, as well as vortex and rotary-pulsating devices. Known jet-vortex devices (injectors, vortex tubes), in which the conversion of potential energy into kinetic occurs, followed by heat and mass energy exchange of interacting media.

A device for heating liquid is known [RF patent 2232630, 7 B01J 19/10, publ. 07/20/04], in which liquid is supplied into the cavity of a rotating impeller and discharged from the cavity through a series of outlet openings in the peripheral annular wall of the impeller into the annular chamber, and then into the collection chamber subject to certain relations between the frequency of rotation of the impeller and the radius of the peripheral wall and resonant frequency. The disadvantages of this device include the complexity of the technical implementation, the selectivity of the excitation, the multifactorial dependence of the resonant excitation on the geometric, frequency parameters and the limited ability to use this device for other heat and mass transfer processes.

The closest in technical essence is the device of heat and mass energy exchange [RF patent 2268772, 7 B01J 19/10, 7 B01F 11/02, publ. January 27, 2006], which is made in the form of two or more vortex tubes communicated with each other by means of their partial intersection along the generators.

However, this device has the disadvantage that when the vortex flows move in a spiral fashion due to their repeated intersection, the acoustic excitation energy decreases, which in turn leads to a decrease in cavitation destruction of the state of aggregation of the product and reduces the intensity of heat and mass transfer.

The technical result, which the invention is directed to, is an improvement of the heat and mass energy exchange device according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2268772, namely:

- increase the power of acoustic vortex interaction;

- concentration of vortex fracture energy at the output to provide additional resonant excitation.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the heat and mass energy exchange device containing the pressure product chamber, the vortex tubes communicated with each other by partially intersecting them along the generators and united at the output of the acoustic chamber, the vortex tubes are cylindrical, are located relative to each other at an angle providing partial intersection between themselves the conical parts of the vortex tubes along the conical cavities forming them, and are directed by the conical parts to the acoustic chamber.

The arrangement of the cylindrical-conical vortex tubes at an angle is made around the central axis, or around the axial cylindrical-conical vortex tube, or around the axial cylindrical tube.

Additionally cylindrical vortex tubes are equipped with axial displacers made in the form of cylindrical rods.

In addition, cylindrical vortex tubes are equipped with separate pressure chambers.

Almost cylindrical-conical pipes are hydrocyclones, but differ from them in that the axial space that forms the air column during hydrocyclone is occupied by displacers made in the form of cylindrical or cylindrical rods. It is known that at any point of the hydrocyclone the fluid motion can be decomposed into three components:

- tangential velocity Vt directed perpendicular to the radius of rotation on the horizontal plane;

- radial velocity Vr directed along the radius;

- axial or vertical Vv directed at right angles to Vt and Vr along the axis of the hydrocyclone.

, это означает, что поток жидкости в гидроциклоне движется по логарифмической спирали.It is also known that the relation

, this means that the fluid flow in the hydrocyclone moves in a logarithmic spiral.

The tangential velocity, according to the law of conservation of angular momentum, increases with decreasing radius of rotation. Moreover, the product of the tangential velocity and the radius tends to remain constant, i.e. Vt · r = const, therefore, the centrifugal force is best preserved in the conical part of the pipe, and this increases the shear stresses of the “rubbing” vortex flows in the zone of partial intersection of the conical cavities of the cylindrical vortex tubes.

As a result of this, an increase in the acoustic excitation power and the cavitation effect occurs. At the same time, all output ends of the cylindrical-conical vortex tubes are directed to one convergence point of the axial vortex tubes. Thus, the concentration of acoustic and ultrasonic excitation occurs, which under certain hydrodynamic conditions leads to a secondary additional resonant excitation and a more intense effect on the product, i.e. to finer dispersion and activation of molecular bonds of the product.

In addition, a similar effect can be obtained by a combination of cylindrical and cylindrical pipes. In this case, their location in two versions is possible:

1 - cylinder-conical vortex tubes are located around a central cylindrical pipe with the possibility of its partial intersection with the conical cavities of cylinder-conical vortex tubes;

2 - cylinder-conical vortex tubes are located around the central cylinder-conical pipe with the possibility of its partial intersection with the cylindrical cavities of the cylinder-conical vortex tubes.

The use of these options is advisable for certain products with specific rheological properties, as the proposed options make it possible to obtain other effective frequency spectra of resonant excitation.

As a further development of these options, the simultaneous introduction of two products is possible due to the organization of separate input into the central axial and around the mating vortex tubes.

Thus, the proposed technical solution allows you to:

- to obtain effective frequency spectra of intense resonant excitation;

- to produce effective destruction of vortices in a small enclosed space together with additional resonant excitation of the product;

- increase the intensity of sound radiation.

These and other features of the invention will be apparent from the following description of examples of its implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings.

A brief description of the drawings, on which:

figure 1 - conditional image of the device with two vortex tubes;

figure 2 is a top view of the device of figure 1;

figure 3 is a top view of a device with three vortex tubes;

4 is a top view of a device with four vortex tubes;

5 is a conditional image of a device with two vortex tubes located around an axial cylinder-conical pipe with a single-threaded product inlet;

6 is a top view of the device of figure 5;

Fig.7 - the device of Fig.5 with two-threaded separate input of products;

Fig is a top view of a device with four vortex tubes;

Fig.9 is a top view of a device with five vortex tubes;

figure 10 - conditional image of the device with an axial cylindrical vortex tube and mating with it cylindrical vortex tubes;

11 - the device of figure 10 with two-threaded separate input of products;

Fig - conditional image of the device with an axial cylinder-conical vortex tube and mating with it cylindrical vortex tubes;

Fig.13 - the device of Fig.12 with two-threaded separate input of products;

Fig - conditional image of the device with a two-threaded input of products into each pipe.

The drawing of figure 1 and figure 2 conventionally shows a device consisting of a pressure product chamber 1, a vortex block 2, containing a cylindrical vortex tube 3, located at an angle relative to each other and partially intersected by their conical cavities along the generators, swirlers 4 s screw grooves, axial cylinder-conical displacers 5 and output acoustic chamber 6.

The vortex block 2 can be modified, as shown in figure 3 and figure 4. The device structurally may have other versions (Fig. 5, Fig. 6), in which an axial central cylindrical vortex tube 3 with swirlers 4 and axial displacers 5 is located along the axis. In Fig. 7, an additional pressure chamber 7 is introduced, which is divided with product pressure chamber 1. Vortex blocks in this case can be performed, as shown in Fig.6, Fig.8, Fig.9.

Another embodiment of the device is shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, in which a cylindrical vortex tube 8 with a cylindrical displacer 9 is located on the central axis, while the cylindrical vortex tubes 3 mating their conical cavities with the cylindrical vortex tube 8 can be arranged as shown in Fig.6. Fig.8, Fig.9, or in another configuration.

Another embodiment of the device is shown in Fig. 12 and Fig. 13, in which a cylindrical vortex tube 3 with a cylindrical displacer 5 is located along the central axis, and around it, as in Fig. 6, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, there are cylindrical vortex tubes 8 with cylindrical displacers 9, mating their cavities with a cylindrical vortex tube by partial intersection.

The embodiment of the device of FIG. 14, unlike the previous ones, contains an axis of the central pressure chamber 10, cylindrical vortex tubes 11 with tangential grooves 12 and a cover 13. This design solution allows the joint introduction of two products into one vortex tube.

To describe the operation of the device, as an example, consider the embodiment of the device shown in the drawings of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. The product under pressure enters the product pressure chamber 1, enters the same channels of the swirls 4 and tangentially at an angle to the cutting of the screw channels of the swirls 4, rotating along a spiral path, forms separate vortex flows rotating in the same direction in the cylindrical part of the cylindrical vortex tubes 3. The formed vortex flows pass into the conical parts of the cylindrical conical vortex tubes 3, which are communicated with each other by partially intersecting them along the generators, and begin to interact with counter-rotating flows. The friction of the vortex flows by the side surfaces occurs. Due to the fact that the “friction” of the vortex flows occurs in conical cavities, the intensity of acoustic vibrations is maintained throughout the conical part of the cylindrical conical vortex tubes, since the centrifugal forces of the rotating product, which determine the magnitude of the shear deformations of the interacting vortex flows, tend to maintain their constant value . This is facilitated by cylinder-conical propellants 5, which do not give the possibility of the occurrence of reverse flows characteristic of hydrocyclone. At the exit from the conical cavities of the cylindrical-conical vortex tubes, vortex flows are destroyed in the direction of the vertices of the cones, i.e. there is a directed concentration of kinetic energy, which leads to additional resonance in the output acoustic chamber 6.

Similarly, acoustic excitation occurs in other embodiments of the device according to FIG. 5, FIG. 10, FIG. 12, with the only difference being that in these structures the conical parts of the cylindrical vortex tubes are partially intersected with the cylindrical vortex tubes along more complex curves, forming intersection zones of a more complex shape, thereby creating additional spectra of resonant excitation.

A distinctive feature of the embodiments of the device shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 11, Fig. 13 is that they separately enter two products, otherwise the vortex interaction occurs in a similar way.

The embodiment of FIG. 14 is characterized in that the input of two products is not carried out in separate vortex tubes, but in each, i.e. two components enter any vortex tube.

The nodes and parts of the described device can be manufactured on conventional equipment, which corresponds to the industrial applicability of the invention.

From the above it follows that the proposed device allows you to enhance acoustic excitation and to concentrate the power of acoustic exposure to the product in a limited space, thereby intensifying heat and mass and energy exchange.

Claims (4)

1. Heat and mass energy exchange device containing a pressure product chamber, vortex tubes communicated with each other by partially intersecting them along the generators and connected at the output by an acoustic chamber, characterized in that the vortex tubes are cylindrical, located relative to each other at an angle that provides a partial intersection between the conical parts of the vortex tubes along the conical cavities forming them, and are directed by the conical parts to the acoustic chamber. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the arrangement of the cylindrical conical vortex tubes at an angle is made around a central axis, or around an axial cylindrical conical vortex tube, or around an axial cylindrical tube. 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cylindrical vortex tubes are equipped with axial displacers made in the form of cylindrical rods. 4. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cylindrical vortex tubes are equipped with separate pressure chambers.

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